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@ -345,6 +345,6 @@ and then it won't include it in the OpenAPI schema.
## Mounting a sub-application
If you need to mount a sub-application (as described in [Sub Applications - Mounts](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}) while also using a proxy with `root_path`, you can do it normally, as you would expect.
If you need to mount a sub-application (as described in [Sub Applications - Mounts](sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}) while also using a proxy with `root_path`, you can do it normally, as you would expect.
FastAPI will internally use the `root_path` smartly, so it will just work. ✨
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Import the `Response` class (sub-class) you want to use and declare it in the *p
For large responses, returning a `Response` directly is much faster than returning a dictionary.
This is because by default, FastAPI will inspect every item inside and make sure it is serializable with JSON, using the same [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} explained in the tutorial. This is what allows you to return **arbitrary objects**, for example database models.
This is because by default, FastAPI will inspect every item inside and make sure it is serializable as JSON, using the same [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} explained in the tutorial. This is what allows you to return **arbitrary objects**, for example database models.
But if you are certain that the content that you are returning is **serializable with JSON**, you can pass it directly to the response class and avoid the extra overhead that FastAPI would have by passing your return content through the `jsonable_encoder` before passing it to the response class.
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ The same example from above, returning an `HTMLResponse`, could look like:
A `Response` returned directly by your *path operation function* won't be documented in OpenAPI (for example, the `Content-Type` won't be documented) and won't be visible in the automatic interactive docs.
!!! info
Of course, the actual `Content-Type` header, status code, etc, will come from the `Response` object your returned.
Of course, the actual `Content-Type` header, status code, etc, will come from the `Response` object you returned.
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ In that case, you can simply swap the standard `dataclasses` with `pydantic.data
As always, in FastAPI you can combine `def` and `async def` as needed.
If you need a refresher about when to use which, check out the section _"In a hurry?"_ in the docs about <ahref="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#in-a-hurry"target="_blank"class="internal-link">`async` and `await`</a>.
If you need a refresher about when to use which, check out the section _"In a hurry?"_ in the docs about [`async` and `await`](../async.md#in-a-hurry){.internal-link target=_blank}.
9. This *path operation function* is not returning dataclasses (although it could), but a list of dictionaries with internal data.
@ -159,4 +159,4 @@ Underneath, in the ASGI technical specification, this is part of the <a href="ht
## Sub Applications
🚨 Keep in mind that these lifespan events (startup and shutdown) will only be executed for the main application, not for [Sub Applications - Mounts](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
🚨 Keep in mind that these lifespan events (startup and shutdown) will only be executed for the main application, not for [Sub Applications - Mounts](sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
@ -174,6 +174,6 @@ Now use the parameter `callbacks` in *your API's path operation decorator* to pa
Now you can start your app with Uvicorn and go to <ahref="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs"class="external-link"target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>.
You will see your docs including a "Callback" section for your *path operation* that shows how the *external API* should look like:
You will see your docs including a "Callbacks" section for your *path operation* that shows how the *external API* should look like:
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ That defines the metadata about the main response of a *path operation*.
You can also declare additional responses with their models, status codes, etc.
There's a whole chapter here in the documentation about it, you can read it at [Additional Responses in OpenAPI](./additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
There's a whole chapter here in the documentation about it, you can read it at [Additional Responses in OpenAPI](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
## OpenAPI Extra
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ This *path operation*-specific OpenAPI schema is normally generated automaticall
!!! tip
This is a low level extension point.
If you only need to declare additional responses, a more convenient way to do it is with [Additional Responses in OpenAPI](./additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
If you only need to declare additional responses, a more convenient way to do it is with [Additional Responses in OpenAPI](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
You can extend the OpenAPI schema for a *path operation* using the parameter `openapi_extra`.
@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ And then use it in a file `main.py`:
```
!!! tip
You would also need a file `__init__.py` as you saw on [Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
You would also need a file `__init__.py` as you saw in [Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
@ -70,4 +70,4 @@ That way, the sub-application will know to use that path prefix for the docs UI.
And the sub-application could also have its own mounted sub-applications and everything would work correctly, because FastAPI handles all these `root_path`s automatically.
You will learn more about the `root_path` and how to use it explicitly in the section about [Behind a Proxy](./behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
You will learn more about the `root_path` and how to use it explicitly in the section about [Behind a Proxy](behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
You can mount WSGI applications as you saw with [Sub Applications - Mounts](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, [Behind a Proxy](./behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
You can mount WSGI applications as you saw with [Sub Applications - Mounts](sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, [Behind a Proxy](behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
For that, you can use the `WSGIMiddleware` and use it to wrap your WSGI application, for example, Flask, Django, etc.
These two were chosen for being fairly popular and stable, but doing a quick search, you could find dozens of additional alternative user interfaces for OpenAPI (that you can use with **FastAPI**).
These two were chosen for being fairly popular and stable, but doing a quick search, you could find dozens of alternative user interfaces for OpenAPI (that you can use with **FastAPI**).
### Flask REST frameworks
@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ As it is based on the previous standard for synchronous Python web frameworks (W
!!! info
Hug was created by Timothy Crosley, the same creator of <ahref="https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort"class="external-link"target="_blank">`isort`</a>, a great tool to automatically sort imports in Python files.
!!! check "Ideas inspired in **FastAPI**"
!!! check "Ideas inspiring**FastAPI**"
Hug inspired parts of APIStar, and was one of the tools I found most promising, alongside APIStar.
Hug helped inspiring **FastAPI** to use Python type hints to declare parameters, and to generate a schema defining the API automatically.
@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ All that is what powers FastAPI (through Starlette) and what makes it have such
These are very technical details of how **FastAPI** works underneath.
If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc.) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead.
If you have quite some technical knowledge (coroutines, threads, blocking, etc.) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead.
### Path operation functions
@ -409,11 +409,11 @@ Still, in both situations, chances are that **FastAPI** will [still be faster](i
### Dependencies
The same applies for [dependencies](./tutorial/dependencies/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool.
The same applies for [dependencies](tutorial/dependencies/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool.
### Sub-dependencies
You can have multiple dependencies and [sub-dependencies](./tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank} requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread (from the threadpool) instead of being "awaited".
You can have multiple dependencies and [sub-dependencies](tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank} requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread (from the threadpool) instead of being "awaited".
Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <ahref="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7"class="external-link"target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <ahref="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7"class="external-link"target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI).
But when checking benchmarks and comparisons you should keep the following in mind.
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ But for now, let's check these important **conceptual ideas**. These concepts al
## Security - HTTPS
In the [previous chapter about HTTPS](./https.md){.internal-link target=_blank} we learned about how HTTPS provides encryption for your API.
In the [previous chapter about HTTPS](https.md){.internal-link target=_blank} we learned about how HTTPS provides encryption for your API.
We also saw that HTTPS is normally provided by a component **external** to your application server, a **TLS Termination Proxy**.
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ When you run **multiple processes** of the same API program, they are commonly c
### Worker Processes and Ports
Remember from the docs [About HTTPS](./https.md){.internal-link target=_blank} that only one process can be listening on one combination of port and IP address in a server?
Remember from the docs [About HTTPS](https.md){.internal-link target=_blank} that only one process can be listening on one combination of port and IP address in a server?
This is still true.
@ -230,18 +230,18 @@ The main constraint to consider is that there has to be a **single** component h
Here are some possible combinations and strategies:
* **Gunicorn** managing **Uvicorn workers**
* Gunicorn would be the **process manager** listening on the **IP** and **port**, the replication would be by having **multiple Uvicorn worker processes**
* Gunicorn would be the **process manager** listening on the **IP** and **port**, the replication would be by having **multiple Uvicorn worker processes**.
* **Uvicorn** managing **Uvicorn workers**
* One Uvicorn **process manager** would listen on the **IP** and **port**, and it would start **multiple Uvicorn worker processes**
* One Uvicorn **process manager** would listen on the **IP** and **port**, and it would start **multiple Uvicorn worker processes**.
* **Kubernetes** and other distributed **container systems**
* Something in the **Kubernetes** layer would listen on the **IP** and **port**. The replication would be by having **multiple containers**, each with **one Uvicorn process** running
* Something in the **Kubernetes** layer would listen on the **IP** and **port**. The replication would be by having **multiple containers**, each with **one Uvicorn process** running.
* **Cloud services** that handle this for you
* The cloud service will probably **handle replication for you**. It would possibly let you define **a process to run**, or a **container image** to use, in any case, it would most probably be **a single Uvicorn process**, and the cloud service would be in charge of replicating it.
!!! tip
Don't worry if some of these items about **containers**, Docker, or Kubernetes don't make a lot of sense yet.
I'll tell you more about container images, Docker, Kubernetes, etc. in a future chapter: [FastAPI in Containers - Docker](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
I'll tell you more about container images, Docker, Kubernetes, etc. in a future chapter: [FastAPI in Containers - Docker](docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
## Previous Steps Before Starting
@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ Here are some possible ideas:
* You would still need a way to start/restart *that* bash script, detect errors, etc.
!!! tip
I'll give you more concrete examples for doing this with containers in a future chapter: [FastAPI in Containers - Docker](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
I'll give you more concrete examples for doing this with containers in a future chapter: [FastAPI in Containers - Docker](docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ It would depend mainly on the tool you use to **install** those requirements.
The most common way to do it is to have a file `requirements.txt` with the package names and their versions, one per line.
You would of course use the same ideas you read in [About FastAPI versions](./versions.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to set the ranges of versions.
You would of course use the same ideas you read in [About FastAPI versions](versions.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to set the ranges of versions.
For example, your `requirements.txt` could look like:
@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ Then adjust the Uvicorn command to use the new module `main` instead of `app.mai
## Deployment Concepts
Let's talk again about some of the same [Deployment Concepts](./concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank} in terms of containers.
Let's talk again about some of the same [Deployment Concepts](concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank} in terms of containers.
Containers are mainly a tool to simplify the process of **building and deploying** an application, but they don't enforce a particular approach to handle these **deployment concepts**, and there are several possible strategies.
@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ If you have a simple setup, with a **single container** that then starts multipl
## Official Docker Image with Gunicorn - Uvicorn
There is an official Docker image that includes Gunicorn running with Uvicorn workers, as detailed in a previous chapter: [Server Workers - Gunicorn with Uvicorn](./server-workers.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
There is an official Docker image that includes Gunicorn running with Uvicorn workers, as detailed in a previous chapter: [Server Workers - Gunicorn with Uvicorn](server-workers.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
This image would be useful mainly in the situations described above in: [Containers with Multiple Processes and Special Cases](#containers-with-multiple-processes-and-special-cases).
@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ Up to this point, with all the tutorials in the docs, you have probably been run
When deploying applications you will probably want to have some **replication of processes** to take advantage of **multiple cores** and to be able to handle more requests.
As you saw in the previous chapter about [Deployment Concepts](./concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, there are multiple strategies you can use.
As you saw in the previous chapter about [Deployment Concepts](concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, there are multiple strategies you can use.
Here I'll show you how to use <ahref="https://gunicorn.org/"class="external-link"target="_blank">**Gunicorn**</a> with **Uvicorn worker processes**.
!!! info
If you are using containers, for example with Docker or Kubernetes, I'll tell you more about that in the next chapter: [FastAPI in Containers - Docker](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
If you are using containers, for example with Docker or Kubernetes, I'll tell you more about that in the next chapter: [FastAPI in Containers - Docker](docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
In particular, when running on **Kubernetes** you will probably **not** want to use Gunicorn and instead run **a single Uvicorn process per container**, but I'll tell you about it later in that chapter.
@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ From the list of deployment concepts from above, using workers would mainly help
## Containers and Docker
In the next chapter about [FastAPI in Containers - Docker](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank} I'll tell some strategies you could use to handle the other **deployment concepts**.
In the next chapter about [FastAPI in Containers - Docker](docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank} I'll tell some strategies you could use to handle the other **deployment concepts**.
I'll also show you the **official Docker image** that includes **Gunicorn with Uvicorn workers** and some default configurations that can be useful for simple cases.
* Tell me how you use FastAPI (I love to hear that).
* Hear when I make announcements or release new tools.
* You can also <ahref="https://twitter.com/fastapi"class="external-link"target="_blank">follow @fastapi on Twitter</a> (a separate account).
* <ahref="https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo/"class="external-link"target="_blank">Follow me on **Linkedin**</a>.
* <ahref="https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo/"class="external-link"target="_blank">Follow me on **LinkedIn**</a>.
* Hear when I make announcements or release new tools (although I use Twitter more often 🤷♂).
* Read what I write (or follow me) on <ahref="https://dev.to/tiangolo"class="external-link"target="_blank">**Dev.to**</a> or <ahref="https://medium.com/@tiangolo"class="external-link"target="_blank">**Medium**</a>.
* Read other ideas, articles, and read about tools I have created.
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ You can try and help others with their questions in:
In many cases you might already know the answer for those questions. 🤓
If you are helping a lot of people with their questions, you will become an official [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉
If you are helping a lot of people with their questions, you will become an official [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#fastapi-experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉
Just remember, the most important point is: try to be kind. People come with their frustrations and in many cases don't ask in the best way, but try as best as you can to be kind. 🤗
@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ If you can help me with that, **you are helping me maintain FastAPI** and making
Join the 👥 <ahref="https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf"class="external-link"target="_blank">Discord chat server</a> 👥 and hang out with others in the FastAPI community.
!!! tip
For questions, ask them in <ahref="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/new?category=questions"class="external-link"target="_blank">GitHub Discussions</a>, there's a much better chance you will receive help by the [FastAPI Experts](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}.
For questions, ask them in <ahref="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/new?category=questions"class="external-link"target="_blank">GitHub Discussions</a>, there's a much better chance you will receive help by the [FastAPI Experts](fastapi-people.md#fastapi-experts){.internal-link target=_blank}.
Use the chat only for other general conversations.
@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ Keep in mind that as chats allow more "free conversation", it's easy to ask ques
In GitHub, the template will guide you to write the right question so that you can more easily get a good answer, or even solve the problem yourself even before asking. And in GitHub I can make sure I always answer everything, even if it takes some time. I can't personally do that with the chat systems. 😅
Conversations in the chat systems are also not as easily searchable as in GitHub, so questions and answers might get lost in the conversation. And only the ones in GitHub count to become a [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, so you will most probably receive more attention in GitHub.
Conversations in the chat systems are also not as easily searchable as in GitHub, so questions and answers might get lost in the conversation. And only the ones in GitHub count to become a [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#fastapi-experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, so you will most probably receive more attention in GitHub.
On the other side, there are thousands of users in the chat systems, so there's a high chance you'll find someone to talk to there, almost all the time. 😄
You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency function
with the type `BackgroundTasks`, and then you can use it to schedule the execution
of background tasks after the response is sent.
You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency function with the type `BackgroundTasks`, and then you can use it to schedule the execution of background tasks after the response is sent.
These are the exceptions that you can raise to show errors to the client.
When you raise an exception, as would happen with normal Python, the rest of the
execution is aborted. This way you can raise these exceptions from anywhere in the
code to abort a request and show the error to the client.
When you raise an exception, as would happen with normal Python, the rest of the execution is aborted. This way you can raise these exceptions from anywhere in the code to abort a request and show the error to the client.
When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and
WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a
`Request` or a `WebSocket`.
When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a `Request` or a `WebSocket`.
Here's the reference information for the request parameters.
These are the special functions that you can put in *path operation function*
parameters or dependency functions with `Annotated` to get data from the request.
These are the special functions that you can put in *path operation function* parameters or dependency functions with `Annotated` to get data from the request.
You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency to be of type
`Request` and then you can access the raw request object directly, without any
validation, etc.
You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency to be of type `Request` and then you can access the raw request object directly, without any validation, etc.
You can import it directly from `fastapi`:
@ -11,8 +9,6 @@ from fastapi import Request
```
!!! tip
When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and
WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a
`Request` or a `WebSocket`.
When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a `Request` or a `WebSocket`.
You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency to be of type
`Response` and then you can set data for the response like headers or cookies.
You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency to be of type `Response` and then you can set data for the response like headers or cookies.
You can also use it directly to create an instance of it and return it from your *path
operations*.
You can also use it directly to create an instance of it and return it from your *path operations*.
When you need to declare dependencies with OAuth2 scopes you use `Security()`.
But you still need to define what is the dependable, the callable that you pass as
a parameter to `Depends()` or `Security()`.
But you still need to define what is the dependable, the callable that you pass as a parameter to `Depends()` or `Security()`.
There are multiple tools that you can use to create those dependables, and they get
integrated into OpenAPI so they are shown in the automatic docs UI, they can be used
by automatically generated clients and SDKs, etc.
There are multiple tools that you can use to create those dependables, and they get integrated into OpenAPI so they are shown in the automatic docs UI, they can be used by automatically generated clients and SDKs, etc.
It can be convenient to quickly access HTTP (and WebSocket) status codes in your app,
using autocompletion for the name without having to remember the integer status codes
by memory.
It can be convenient to quickly access HTTP (and WebSocket) status codes in your app, using autocompletion for the name without having to remember the integer status codes by memory.
Read more about it in the
[FastAPI docs about Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs about Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
You can use the `TestClient` class to test FastAPI applications without creating an actual HTTP and socket connection, just communicating directly with the FastAPI code.
Read more about it in the
[FastAPI docs for Testing](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/).
Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Testing](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/).
You can import it directly from `fastapi.testclient`:
When defining WebSockets, you normally declare a parameter of type `WebSocket` and
with it you can read data from the client and send data to it.
When defining WebSockets, you normally declare a parameter of type `WebSocket` and with it you can read data from the client and send data to it.
It is provided directly by Starlette, but you can import it from `fastapi`:
@ -10,9 +9,7 @@ from fastapi import WebSocket
```
!!! tip
When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and
WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a
`Request` or a `WebSocket`.
When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a `Request` or a `WebSocket`.
::: fastapi.WebSocket
options:
@ -44,8 +41,7 @@ from fastapi import WebSocket
- send_json
- close
When a client disconnects, a `WebSocketDisconnect` exception is raised, you can catch
it.
When a client disconnects, a `WebSocketDisconnect` exception is raised, you can catch it.
**FastAPI** provides a shortcut for these cases, in where the dependency is *specifically* a class that **FastAPI** will "call" to create an instance of the class itself.
For those specific cases, you can do the following:
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ And you can declare dependencies with `async def` inside of normal `def` *path o
It doesn't matter. **FastAPI** will know what to do.
!!! note
If you don't know, check the [Async: *"In a hurry?"*](../../async.md){.internal-link target=_blank} section about `async` and `await` in the docs.
If you don't know, check the [Async: *"In a hurry?"*](../../async.md#in-a-hurry){.internal-link target=_blank} section about `async` and `await` in the docs.
@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ This new `examples` field in JSON Schema is **just a `list`** of examples, not a
### Pydantic and FastAPI `examples`
When you add `examples` inside of a Pydantic model, using `schema_extra` or `Field(examples=["something"])` that example is added to the **JSON Schema** for that Pydantic model.
When you add `examples` inside a Pydantic model, using `schema_extra` or `Field(examples=["something"])` that example is added to the **JSON Schema** for that Pydantic model.
And that **JSON Schema** of the Pydantic model is included in the **OpenAPI** of your API, and then it's used in the docs UI.
@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ Our dependency will create a new SQLAlchemy `SessionLocal` that will be used in
This way we make sure the database session is always closed after the request. Even if there was an exception while processing the request.
But you can't raise another exception from the exit code (after `yield`). See more in [Dependencies with `yield` and `HTTPException`](./dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md#dependencies-with-yield-and-httpexception){.internal-link target=_blank}
But you can't raise another exception from the exit code (after `yield`). See more in [Dependencies with `yield` and `HTTPException`](dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md#dependencies-with-yield-and-httpexception){.internal-link target=_blank}
And then, when using the dependency in a *path operation function*, we declare it with the type `Session` we imported directly from SQLAlchemy.
@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ Cuando declaras una *path operation function* con `def` normal en lugar de `asyn
Si vienes de otro framework asíncrono que no funciona de la manera descrita anteriormente y estás acostumbrado a definir *path operation functions* del tipo sólo cálculo con `def` simple para una pequeña ganancia de rendimiento (aproximadamente 100 nanosegundos), ten en cuenta que en **FastAPI** el efecto sería bastante opuesto. En estos casos, es mejor usar `async def` a menos que tus *path operation functions* usen un código que realice el bloqueo <abbrtitle="Input/Output: disk reading or writing, network communications.">I/O</abbr>.
Aún así, en ambas situaciones, es probable que **FastAPI** sea [aún más rápido](index.md#performance){.Internal-link target=_blank} que (o al menos comparable) a tu framework anterior.
Aún así, en ambas situaciones, es probable que **FastAPI** sea [aún más rápido](index.md#rendimiento){.Internal-link target=_blank} que (o al menos comparable) a tu framework anterior.
@ -194,4 +194,4 @@ En este caso hay 3 parámetros de query:
* `limit`, un `int` opcional.
!!! tip "Consejo"
También podrías usar los `Enum`s de la misma manera que con los [Parámetros de path](path-params.md#predefined-values){.internal-link target=_blank}.
También podrías usar los `Enum`s de la misma manera que con los [Parámetros de path](path-params.md#valores-predefinidos){.internal-link target=_blank}.
و زیر برنامه ها نیز می تواند زیر برنامه های متصل شده خود را داشته باشد و همه چیز به درستی کار کند، زیرا FastAPI تمام این مسیرهای `root_path` را به طور خودکار مدیریت می کند.
در بخش [پشت پراکسی](./behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. درباره `root_path` و نحوه استفاده درست از آن بیشتر خواهید آموخت.
در بخش [پشت پراکسی](behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. درباره `root_path` و نحوه استفاده درست از آن بیشتر خواهید آموخت.
@ -30,7 +39,7 @@ FastAPI یک وب فریمورک مدرن و سریع (با کارایی با
ویژگیهای کلیدی این فریمورک عبارتند از:
* **<abbrtitle="Fast">سرعت</abbr>**: کارایی بسیار بالا و قابل مقایسه با **NodeJS** و **Go** (با تشکر از Starlette و Pydantic). [یکی از سریعترین فریمورکهای پایتونی موجود](#performance).
* **<abbrtitle="Fast">سرعت</abbr>**: کارایی بسیار بالا و قابل مقایسه با **NodeJS** و **Go** (با تشکر از Starlette و Pydantic). [یکی از سریعترین فریمورکهای پایتونی موجود](#_10).
* **<abbrtitle="Fast to code">کدنویسی سریع</abbr>**: افزایش ۲۰۰ تا ۳۰۰ درصدی سرعت توسعه قابلیتهای جدید. *
Notez que vous devez retourner l'image en utilisant directement un `FileResponse`.
!!! Info
!!! info
À moins que vous ne spécifiiez explicitement un type de média différent dans votre paramètre `responses`, FastAPI supposera que la réponse a le même type de média que la classe de réponse principale (par défaut `application/json`).
Mais si vous avez spécifié une classe de réponse personnalisée avec `None` comme type de média, FastAPI utilisera `application/json` pour toute réponse supplémentaire associée à un modèle.
@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Vous voulez peut-être avoir des réponses prédéfinies qui s'appliquent à de
Dans ces cas, vous pouvez utiliser la technique Python "d'affection par décomposition" (appelé _unpacking_ en anglais) d'un `dict` avec `**dict_to_unpack` :
```Python
```Python
old_dict = {
"old key": "old value",
"second old key": "second old value",
@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ new_dict = {**old_dict, "new key": "new value"}
Ici, `new_dict` contiendra toutes les paires clé-valeur de `old_dict` plus la nouvelle paire clé-valeur :
Si vous n'êtes pas un "expert" en OpenAPI, vous n'en avez probablement pas besoin.
Dans OpenAPI, les chemins sont des ressources, tels que /users/ ou /items/, exposées par votre API, et les opérations sont les méthodes HTTP utilisées pour manipuler ces chemins, telles que GET, POST ou DELETE. Les operationId sont des chaînes uniques facultatives utilisées pour identifier une opération d'un chemin. Vous pouvez définir l'OpenAPI `operationId` à utiliser dans votre *opération de chemin* avec le paramètre `operation_id`.
@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ Vous devriez le faire après avoir ajouté toutes vos *paramètres de chemin*.
Si vous appelez manuellement `app.openapi()`, vous devez mettre à jour les `operationId` avant.
!!! Attention
!!! warning "Attention"
Pour faire cela, vous devez vous assurer que chacun de vos *chemin* ait un nom unique.
Même s'ils se trouvent dans des modules différents (fichiers Python).
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Cela définit les métadonnées sur la réponse principale d'une *opération de
Vous pouvez également déclarer des réponses supplémentaires avec leurs modèles, codes de statut, etc.
Il y a un chapitre entier ici dans la documentation à ce sujet, vous pouvez le lire sur [Réponses supplémentaires dans OpenAPI](./additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
Il y a un chapitre entier ici dans la documentation à ce sujet, vous pouvez le lire sur [Réponses supplémentaires dans OpenAPI](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
## OpenAPI supplémentaire
@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ Il inclut les `tags`, `parameters`, `requestBody`, `responses`, etc.
Ce schéma OpenAPI spécifique aux *operations* est normalement généré automatiquement par **FastAPI**, mais vous pouvez également l'étendre.
!!! Astuce
Si vous avez seulement besoin de déclarer des réponses supplémentaires, un moyen plus pratique de le faire est d'utiliser les [réponses supplémentaires dans OpenAPI](./additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
!!! tip "Astuce"
Si vous avez seulement besoin de déclarer des réponses supplémentaires, un moyen plus pratique de le faire est d'utiliser les [réponses supplémentaires dans OpenAPI](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
Vous pouvez étendre le schéma OpenAPI pour une *opération de chemin* en utilisant le paramètre `openapi_extra`.
@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ Et nous analysons directement ce contenu YAML, puis nous utilisons à nouveau le
FastAPI a une communauté extraordinaire qui accueille des personnes de tous horizons.
@ -18,7 +23,7 @@ C'est moi :
</div>
{% endif %}
Je suis le créateur et le responsable de **FastAPI**. Vous pouvez en lire plus à ce sujet dans [Aide FastAPI - Obtenir de l'aide - Se rapprocher de l'auteur](help-fastapi.md#connect-with-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank}.
Je suis le créateur et le responsable de **FastAPI**. Vous pouvez en lire plus à ce sujet dans [Aide FastAPI - Obtenir de l'aide - Se rapprocher de l'auteur](help-fastapi.md#se-rapprocher-de-lauteur){.internal-link target=_blank}.
...Mais ici, je veux vous montrer la communauté.
@ -28,15 +33,15 @@ Je suis le créateur et le responsable de **FastAPI**. Vous pouvez en lire plus
Ce sont ces personnes qui :
* [Aident les autres à résoudre des problèmes (questions) dans GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}.
* [Créent des Pull Requests](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}.
* Review les Pull Requests, [particulièrement important pour les traductions](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}.
* [Aident les autres à résoudre des problèmes (questions) dans GitHub](help-fastapi.md#aider-les-autres-a-resoudre-les-problemes-dans-github){.internal-link target=_blank}.
* [Créent des Pull Requests](help-fastapi.md#creer-une-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}.
* Review les Pull Requests, [particulièrement important pour les traductions](contributing.md#traductions){.internal-link target=_blank}.
Une salve d'applaudissements pour eux. 👏 🙇
## Utilisateurs les plus actifs le mois dernier
Ce sont les utilisateurs qui ont [aidé le plus les autres avec des problèmes (questions) dans GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} au cours du dernier mois. ☕
Ce sont les utilisateurs qui ont [aidé le plus les autres avec des problèmes (questions) dans GitHub](help-fastapi.md#aider-les-autres-a-resoudre-les-problemes-dans-github){.internal-link target=_blank} au cours du dernier mois. ☕
{% if people %}
<divclass="user-list user-list-center">
@ -52,7 +57,7 @@ Ce sont les utilisateurs qui ont [aidé le plus les autres avec des problèmes (
Voici les **Experts FastAPI**. 🤓
Ce sont les utilisateurs qui ont [aidé le plus les autres avec des problèmes (questions) dans GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} depuis *toujours*.
Ce sont les utilisateurs qui ont [aidé le plus les autres avec des problèmes (questions) dans GitHub](help-fastapi.md#aider-les-autres-a-resoudre-les-problemes-dans-github){.internal-link target=_blank} depuis *toujours*.
Ils ont prouvé qu'ils étaient des experts en aidant beaucoup d'autres personnes. ✨
@ -70,7 +75,7 @@ Ils ont prouvé qu'ils étaient des experts en aidant beaucoup d'autres personne
Ces utilisateurs sont les **Principaux contributeurs**. 👷
Ces utilisateurs ont [créé le plus grand nombre de demandes Pull Request](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank} qui ont été *merged*.
Ces utilisateurs ont [créé le plus grand nombre de demandes Pull Request](help-fastapi.md#creer-une-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank} qui ont été *merged*.
Ils ont contribué au code source, à la documentation, aux traductions, etc. 📦
@ -92,7 +97,7 @@ Ces utilisateurs sont les **Principaux Reviewers**. 🕵️
### Reviewers des traductions
Je ne parle que quelques langues (et pas très bien 😅). Ainsi, les reviewers sont ceux qui ont le [**pouvoir d'approuver les traductions**](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank} de la documentation. Sans eux, il n'y aurait pas de documentation dans plusieurs autres langues.
Je ne parle que quelques langues (et pas très bien 😅). Ainsi, les reviewers sont ceux qui ont le [**pouvoir d'approuver les traductions**](contributing.md#traductions){.internal-link target=_blank} de la documentation. Sans eux, il n'y aurait pas de documentation dans plusieurs autres langues.
このイメージは、主に上記で説明した状況で役に立つでしょう： [複数のプロセスと特殊なケースを持つコンテナ（Containers with Multiple Processes and Special Cases）](#containers-with-multiple-processes-and-special-cases)
Nils Lindemann
12 months ago
GitHub