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Merge branch 'master' into bugfix/subapp-custom-openapi

pull/4657/head
Sebastián Ramírez 2 years ago
committed by GitHub
parent
commit
b881e9523f
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  1. 5
      .flake8
  2. 4
      .github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml
  3. 6
      .github/actions/people/app/main.py
  4. 11
      .github/workflows/build-docs.yml
  5. 11
      .github/workflows/preview-docs.yml
  6. 20
      .github/workflows/publish.yml
  7. 35
      .github/workflows/smokeshow.yml
  8. 54
      .github/workflows/test.yml
  9. 19
      .pre-commit-config.yaml
  10. 21
      README.md
  11. 2
      SECURITY.md
  12. 466
      docs/az/docs/index.md
  13. 2
      docs/az/mkdocs.yml
  14. 18
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  15. 6
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  16. 2
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  17. 12
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  18. 339
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  19. 298
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  20. 16
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  21. 2
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  22. 26
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  23. 36
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  24. 2
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  25. 2
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  26. 12
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  27. 14
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  28. 20
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  29. 4
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  30. 118
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  31. 52
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  32. 26
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  33. 4
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  55. 419
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  56. 2
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  57. 2
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  58. 8
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  59. 2
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  60. 2
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  61. 2
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  62. 8
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  63. 2
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  64. 14
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  65. 51
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  66. 2
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  67. 18
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  68. 2
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  71. 2
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  74. 240
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  75. 37
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  76. 4
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  77. 245
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  78. 53
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  79. 28
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  80. 95
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  81. 122
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  83. 8
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  100. 8
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5
.flake8

@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
[flake8]
max-line-length = 88
select = C,E,F,W,B,B9
ignore = E203, E501, W503
exclude = __init__.py

4
.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ uk: 1748
tr: 1892 tr: 1892
fr: 1972 fr: 1972
ko: 2017 ko: 2017
sq: 2041 fa: 2041
pl: 3169 pl: 3169
de: 3716 de: 3716
id: 3717 id: 3717
@ -17,3 +17,5 @@ nl: 4701
uz: 4883 uz: 4883
sv: 5146 sv: 5146
he: 5157 he: 5157
ta: 5434
ar: 3349

6
.github/actions/people/app/main.py

@ -260,6 +260,7 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
input_token: SecretStr input_token: SecretStr
input_standard_token: SecretStr input_standard_token: SecretStr
github_repository: str github_repository: str
httpx_timeout: int = 30
def get_graphql_response( def get_graphql_response(
@ -270,9 +271,10 @@ def get_graphql_response(
response = httpx.post( response = httpx.post(
github_graphql_url, github_graphql_url,
headers=headers, headers=headers,
timeout=settings.httpx_timeout,
json={"query": query, "variables": variables, "operationName": "Q"}, json={"query": query, "variables": variables, "operationName": "Q"},
) )
if not response.status_code == 200: if response.status_code != 200:
logging.error(f"Response was not 200, after: {after}") logging.error(f"Response was not 200, after: {after}")
logging.error(response.text) logging.error(response.text)
raise RuntimeError(response.text) raise RuntimeError(response.text)
@ -431,7 +433,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
) )
authors = {**issue_authors, **pr_authors} authors = {**issue_authors, **pr_authors}
maintainers_logins = {"tiangolo"} maintainers_logins = {"tiangolo"}
bot_names = {"codecov", "github-actions"} bot_names = {"codecov", "github-actions", "pre-commit-ci", "dependabot"}
maintainers = [] maintainers = []
for login in maintainers_logins: for login in maintainers_logins:
user = authors[login] user = authors[login]

11
.github/workflows/build-docs.yml

@ -23,25 +23,22 @@ jobs:
with: with:
path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }} path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-docs-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-v03 key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-docs-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-v03
- name: Install Flit
if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
run: python3.7 -m pip install flit
- name: Install docs extras - name: Install docs extras
if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
run: python3.7 -m flit install --deps production --extras doc run: pip install .[doc]
- name: Install Material for MkDocs Insiders - name: Install Material for MkDocs Insiders
if: ( github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false ) && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' if: ( github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false ) && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
run: pip install git+https://${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git run: pip install git+https://${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git
- name: Build Docs - name: Build Docs
run: python3.7 ./scripts/docs.py build-all run: python ./scripts/docs.py build-all
- name: Zip docs - name: Zip docs
run: bash ./scripts/zip-docs.sh run: bash ./scripts/zip-docs.sh
- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3 - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
with: with:
name: docs-zip name: docs-zip
path: ./docs.zip path: ./site/docs.zip
- name: Deploy to Netlify - name: Deploy to Netlify
uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.2.3 uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v2.0.0
with: with:
publish-dir: './site' publish-dir: './site'
production-branch: master production-branch: master

11
.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml

@ -11,21 +11,26 @@ jobs:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps: steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3 - uses: actions/checkout@v3
- name: Clean site
run: |
rm -rf ./site
mkdir ./site
- name: Download Artifact Docs - name: Download Artifact Docs
uses: dawidd6/[email protected] uses: dawidd6/[email protected]4.2
with: with:
github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
workflow: build-docs.yml workflow: build-docs.yml
run_id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }} run_id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
name: docs-zip name: docs-zip
path: ./site/
- name: Unzip docs - name: Unzip docs
run: | run: |
rm -rf ./site cd ./site
unzip docs.zip unzip docs.zip
rm -f docs.zip rm -f docs.zip
- name: Deploy to Netlify - name: Deploy to Netlify
id: netlify id: netlify
uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.2.3 uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v2.0.0
with: with:
publish-dir: './site' publish-dir: './site'
production-deploy: false production-deploy: false

20
.github/workflows/publish.yml

@ -17,23 +17,23 @@ jobs:
- name: Set up Python - name: Set up Python
uses: actions/setup-python@v4 uses: actions/setup-python@v4
with: with:
python-version: "3.6" python-version: "3.7"
cache: "pip"
cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
- uses: actions/cache@v3 - uses: actions/cache@v3
id: cache id: cache
with: with:
path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }} path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-publish key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-publish
- name: Install Flit - name: Install build dependencies
if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
run: pip install flit run: pip install build
- name: Install Dependencies - name: Build distribution
if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' run: python -m build
run: flit install --symlink
- name: Publish - name: Publish
env: uses: pypa/[email protected]
FLIT_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.FLIT_USERNAME }} with:
FLIT_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.FLIT_PASSWORD }} password: ${{ secrets.PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
run: bash scripts/publish.sh
- name: Dump GitHub context - name: Dump GitHub context
env: env:
GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }}

35
.github/workflows/smokeshow.yml

@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
name: Smokeshow
on:
workflow_run:
workflows: [Test]
types: [completed]
permissions:
statuses: write
jobs:
smokeshow:
if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }}
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/setup-python@v4
with:
python-version: '3.9'
- run: pip install smokeshow
- uses: dawidd6/[email protected]
with:
workflow: test.yml
commit: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }}
- run: smokeshow upload coverage-html
env:
SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_STATUS_DESCRIPTION: Coverage {coverage-percentage}
SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_COVERAGE_THRESHOLD: 100
SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_CONTEXT: coverage
SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_PR_HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }}
SMOKESHOW_AUTH_KEY: ${{ secrets.SMOKESHOW_AUTH_KEY }}

54
.github/workflows/test.yml

@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest runs-on: ubuntu-latest
strategy: strategy:
matrix: matrix:
python-version: ["3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10"] python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
fail-fast: false fail-fast: false
steps: steps:
@ -21,21 +21,57 @@ jobs:
uses: actions/setup-python@v4 uses: actions/setup-python@v4
with: with:
python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }} python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
cache: "pip"
cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
- uses: actions/cache@v3 - uses: actions/cache@v3
id: cache id: cache
with: with:
path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }} path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-test-v02 key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-test-v03
- name: Install Flit
if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
run: pip install flit
- name: Install Dependencies - name: Install Dependencies
if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
run: flit install --symlink run: pip install -e .[all,dev,doc,test]
- name: Lint - name: Lint
if: ${{ matrix.python-version != '3.6' }}
run: bash scripts/lint.sh run: bash scripts/lint.sh
- run: mkdir coverage
- name: Test - name: Test
run: bash scripts/test.sh run: bash scripts/test.sh
- name: Upload coverage env:
uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3 COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage.${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
CONTEXT: ${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
- name: Store coverage files
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
with:
name: coverage
path: coverage
coverage-combine:
needs: [test]
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
- uses: actions/setup-python@v4
with:
python-version: '3.8'
cache: "pip"
cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
- name: Get coverage files
uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
with:
name: coverage
path: coverage
- run: pip install coverage[toml]
- run: ls -la coverage
- run: coverage combine coverage
- run: coverage report
- run: coverage html --show-contexts --title "Coverage for ${{ github.sha }}"
- name: Store coverage HTML
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
with:
name: coverage-html
path: htmlcov

19
.pre-commit-config.yaml

@ -12,25 +12,18 @@ repos:
- id: end-of-file-fixer - id: end-of-file-fixer
- id: trailing-whitespace - id: trailing-whitespace
- repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
rev: v2.37.1 rev: v3.2.2
hooks: hooks:
- id: pyupgrade - id: pyupgrade
args: args:
- --py3-plus - --py3-plus
- --keep-runtime-typing - --keep-runtime-typing
- repo: https://github.com/myint/autoflake - repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
rev: v1.4 rev: v0.0.138
hooks: hooks:
- id: autoflake - id: ruff
args: args:
- --recursive - --fix
- --in-place
- --remove-all-unused-imports
- --remove-unused-variables
- --expand-star-imports
- --exclude
- __init__.py
- --remove-duplicate-keys
- repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort - repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort
rev: 5.10.1 rev: 5.10.1
hooks: hooks:
@ -43,7 +36,7 @@ repos:
name: isort (pyi) name: isort (pyi)
types: [pyi] types: [pyi]
- repo: https://github.com/psf/black - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
rev: 22.6.0 rev: 22.10.0
hooks: hooks:
- id: black - id: black
ci: ci:

21
README.md

@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
<a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster" target="_blank"> <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster" target="_blank">
<img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/workflows/Test/badge.svg?event=push&branch=master" alt="Test"> <img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/workflows/Test/badge.svg?event=push&branch=master" alt="Test">
</a> </a>
<a href="https://codecov.io/gh/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank"> <a href="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/tiangolo/fastapi?color=%2334D058" alt="Coverage"> <img src="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Coverage">
</a> </a>
<a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank"> <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
@ -27,12 +27,11 @@
--- ---
FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.7+ based on standard Python type hints.
The key features are: The key features are:
* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. *
* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * * **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging. * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
@ -47,9 +46,9 @@ The key features are:
<!-- sponsors --> <!-- sponsors -->
<a href="https://bit.ly/3PjOZqc" target="_blank" title="DiscoArt: Create compelling Disco Diffusion artworks in just one line"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina-ai.png"></a> <a href="https://bit.ly/3dmXC5S" target="_blank" title="The data structure for unstructured multimodal data"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/docarray.svg"></a>
<a href="https://bit.ly/3JJ7y5C" target="_blank" title="Build cross-modal and multimodal applications on the cloud"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina2.svg"></a>
<a href="https://cryptapi.io/" target="_blank" title="CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg"></a> <a href="https://cryptapi.io/" target="_blank" title="CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg"></a>
<a href="https://app.imgwhale.xyz/" target="_blank" title="The ultimate solution to unlimited and forever cloud storage."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/imgwhale.svg"></a>
<a href="https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python" target="_blank" title="Help us migrate doist to FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/doist.svg"></a> <a href="https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python" target="_blank" title="Help us migrate doist to FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/doist.svg"></a>
<a href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi" target="_blank" title="The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/deta.svg"></a> <a href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi" target="_blank" title="The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/deta.svg"></a>
<a href="https://www.investsuite.com/jobs" target="_blank" title="Wealthtech jobs with FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/investsuite.svg"></a> <a href="https://www.investsuite.com/jobs" target="_blank" title="Wealthtech jobs with FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/investsuite.svg"></a>
@ -113,7 +112,7 @@ If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be
## Requirements ## Requirements
Python 3.6+ Python 3.7+
FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
</div> </div>
You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>. You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
@ -329,7 +328,7 @@ You do that with standard modern Python types.
You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc.
Just standard **Python 3.6+**. Just standard **Python 3.7+**.
For example, for an `int`: For example, for an `int`:
@ -428,7 +427,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
* **GraphQL** integration with <a href="https://strawberry.rocks" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a> and other libraries. * **GraphQL** integration with <a href="https://strawberry.rocks" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a> and other libraries.
* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
* **WebSockets** * **WebSockets**
* extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
* **CORS** * **CORS**
* **Cookie Sessions** * **Cookie Sessions**
* ...and more. * ...and more.
@ -448,7 +447,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
Used by Starlette: Used by Starlette:
* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. * <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
* <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`. * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
* <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

2
SECURITY.md

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Learn more about it below. 👇
## Versions ## Versions
The latest versions of FastAPI are supported. The latest version of FastAPI is supported.
You are encouraged to [write tests](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/) for your application and update your FastAPI version frequently after ensuring that your tests are passing. This way you will benefit from the latest features, bug fixes, and **security fixes**. You are encouraged to [write tests](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/) for your application and update your FastAPI version frequently after ensuring that your tests are passing. This way you will benefit from the latest features, bug fixes, and **security fixes**.

466
docs/az/docs/index.md

@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!}
<p align="center">
<a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png" alt="FastAPI"></a>
</p>
<p align="center">
<em>FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production</em>
</p>
<p align="center">
<a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest" target="_blank">
<img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/workflows/Test/badge.svg" alt="Test">
</a>
<a href="https://codecov.io/gh/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/tiangolo/fastapi?color=%2334D058" alt="Coverage">
</a>
<a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
</a>
</p>
---
**Documentation**: <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com</a>
**Source Code**: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>
---
FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints.
The key features are:
* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. *
* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
<small>* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.</small>
## Sponsors
<!-- sponsors -->
{% if sponsors %}
{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
{% endfor -%}
{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%}
<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
<!-- /sponsors -->
<a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#sponsors" class="external-link" target="_blank">Other sponsors</a>
## Opinions
"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"
<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kabir Khan - <strong>Microsoft</strong> <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/26" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
---
"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_"
<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - <strong>Uber</strong> <a href="https://eng.uber.com/ludwig-v0-2/" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
---
"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_"
<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - <strong>Netflix</strong> <a href="https://netflixtechblog.com/introducing-dispatch-da4b8a2a8072" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
---
"_I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!_"
<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Brian Okken - <strong><a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/episodes/show/123/time-to-right-the-py-wrongs?time_in_sec=855" target="_blank">Python Bytes</a> podcast host</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/brianokken/status/1112220079972728832" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
---
"_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._"
<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="https://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
---
"_If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]_"
"_We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]_"
<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - <strong><a href="https://explosion.ai" target="_blank">Explosion AI</a> founders - <a href="https://spacy.io" target="_blank">spaCy</a> creators</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/_inesmontani/status/1144173225322143744" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a> - <a href="https://twitter.com/honnibal/status/1144031421859655680" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
---
## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs
<a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://typer.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" style="width: 20%;"></a>
If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out <a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Typer**</a>.
**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀
## Requirements
Python 3.7+
FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
* <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a> for the web parts.
* <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> for the data parts.
## Installation
<div class="termy">
```console
$ pip install fastapi
---> 100%
```
</div>
You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
<div class="termy">
```console
$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
---> 100%
```
</div>
## Example
### Create it
* Create a file `main.py` with:
```Python
from typing import Optional
from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/")
def read_root():
return {"Hello": "World"}
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
<details markdown="1">
<summary>Or use <code>async def</code>...</summary>
If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
```Python hl_lines="9 14"
from typing import Optional
from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/")
async def read_root():
return {"Hello": "World"}
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
**Note**:
If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#in-a-hurry" target="_blank">`async` and `await` in the docs</a>.
</details>
### Run it
Run the server with:
<div class="termy">
```console
$ uvicorn main:app --reload
INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
INFO: Started reloader process [28720]
INFO: Started server process [28722]
INFO: Waiting for application startup.
INFO: Application startup complete.
```
</div>
<details markdown="1">
<summary>About the command <code>uvicorn main:app --reload</code>...</summary>
The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to:
* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module").
* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`.
* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development.
</details>
### Check it
Open your browser at <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery</a>.
You will see the JSON response as:
```JSON
{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"}
```
You already created an API that:
* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`.
* Both _paths_ take `GET` <em>operations</em> (also known as HTTP _methods_).
* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`.
* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`.
### Interactive API docs
Now go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>.
You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" class="external-link" target="_blank">Swagger UI</a>):
![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png)
### Alternative API docs
And now, go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc</a>.
You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">ReDoc</a>):
![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png)
## Example upgrade
Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27"
from typing import Optional
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: float
is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
@app.get("/")
def read_root():
return {"Hello": "World"}
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
```
The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above).
### Interactive API docs upgrade
Now go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>.
* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body:
![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png)
* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API:
![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png)
* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen:
![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png)
### Alternative API docs upgrade
And now, go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc</a>.
* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body:
![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png)
### Recap
In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters.
You do that with standard modern Python types.
You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc.
Just standard **Python 3.6+**.
For example, for an `int`:
```Python
item_id: int
```
or for a more complex `Item` model:
```Python
item: Item
```
...and with that single declaration you get:
* Editor support, including:
* Completion.
* Type checks.
* Validation of data:
* Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid.
* Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects.
* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from:
* JSON.
* Path parameters.
* Query parameters.
* Cookies.
* Headers.
* Forms.
* Files.
* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON):
* Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc).
* `datetime` objects.
* `UUID` objects.
* Database models.
* ...and many more.
* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces:
* Swagger UI.
* ReDoc.
---
Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will:
* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
* If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error.
* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests.
* As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional.
* Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`).
* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON:
* Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`.
* Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`.
* Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present.
* All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects.
* Convert from and to JSON automatically.
* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by:
* Interactive documentation systems.
* Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages.
* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly.
---
We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works.
Try changing the line with:
```Python
return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
```
...from:
```Python
... "item_name": item.name ...
```
...to:
```Python
... "item_price": item.price ...
```
...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types:
![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png)
For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/">Tutorial - User Guide</a>.
**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes:
* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**.
* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`.
* A very powerful and easy to use **<abbr title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Dependency Injection</abbr>** system.
* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth.
* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic).
* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
* **WebSockets**
* **GraphQL**
* extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest`
* **CORS**
* **Cookie Sessions**
* ...and more.
## Performance
Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7" class="external-link" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
To understand more about it, see the section <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/benchmarks/" class="internal-link" target="_blank">Benchmarks</a>.
## Optional Dependencies
Used by Pydantic:
* <a href="https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson" target="_blank"><code>ujson</code></a> - for faster JSON <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>.
* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email_validator</code></a> - for email validation.
Used by Starlette:
* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
* <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
* <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
* <a href="https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation" target="_blank"><code>pyyaml</code></a> - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI).
* <a href="https://graphene-python.org/" target="_blank"><code>graphene</code></a> - Required for `GraphQLApp` support.
* <a href="https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson" target="_blank"><code>ujson</code></a> - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`.
Used by FastAPI / Starlette:
* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - for the server that loads and serves your application.
* <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" target="_blank"><code>orjson</code></a> - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`.
You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`.
## License
This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.

2
docs/az/mkdocs.yml

@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ markdown_extensions:
format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format ''
- pymdownx.tabbed: - pymdownx.tabbed:
alternate_style: true alternate_style: true
- attr_list
- md_in_html
extra: extra:
analytics: analytics:
provider: google provider: google

18
docs/de/docs/features.md

@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Hierdurch werden Sie nie wieder einen falschen Schlüsselnamen benutzen und spar
### Kompakt ### Kompakt
FastAPI nutzt für alles sinnvolle **Standard-Einstellungen**, welche optional überall konfiguriert werden können. Alle Parameter können ganz genau an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst werden, sodass sie genau die API definieren können, die sie brauchen. FastAPI nutzt für alles sensible **Standard-Einstellungen**, welche optional überall konfiguriert werden können. Alle Parameter können ganz genau an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst werden, sodass sie genau die API definieren können, die sie brauchen.
Aber standardmäßig, **"funktioniert einfach"** alles. Aber standardmäßig, **"funktioniert einfach"** alles.
@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ Die gesamte Validierung übernimmt das etablierte und robuste **Pydantic**.
### Sicherheit und Authentifizierung ### Sicherheit und Authentifizierung
Sicherheit und Authentifizierung integriert. Ohne einen Kompromiss aufgrund einer Datenbank oder den Datenentitäten. Integrierte Sicherheit und Authentifizierung. Ohne Kompromisse bei Datenbanken oder Datenmodellen.
Unterstützt alle von OpenAPI definierten Sicherheitsschemata, hierzu gehören: Unterstützt werden alle von OpenAPI definierten Sicherheitsschemata, hierzu gehören:
* HTTP Basis Authentifizierung. * HTTP Basis Authentifizierung.
* **OAuth2** (auch mit **JWT Zugriffstokens**). Schauen Sie sich hierzu dieses Tutorial an: [OAuth2 mit JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. * **OAuth2** (auch mit **JWT Zugriffstokens**). Schauen Sie sich hierzu dieses Tutorial an: [OAuth2 mit JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ FastAPI enthält ein extrem einfaches, aber extrem mächtiges <abbr title='oft v
* **Automatische Umsetzung** durch FastAPI. * **Automatische Umsetzung** durch FastAPI.
* Alle abhängigen Komponenten könnten Daten von Anfragen, **Erweiterungen der Pfadoperations-**Einschränkungen und der automatisierten Dokumentation benötigen. * Alle abhängigen Komponenten könnten Daten von Anfragen, **Erweiterungen der Pfadoperations-**Einschränkungen und der automatisierten Dokumentation benötigen.
* **Automatische Validierung** selbst für *Pfadoperationen*-Parameter, die in den Abhängigkeiten definiert wurden. * **Automatische Validierung** selbst für *Pfadoperationen*-Parameter, die in den Abhängigkeiten definiert wurden.
* Unterstützt komplexe Benutzerauthentifizierungssysteme, mit **Datenbankverbindungen**, usw. * Unterstützt komplexe Benutzerauthentifizierungssysteme, **Datenbankverbindungen**, usw.
* **Keine Kompromisse** bei Datenbanken, Eingabemasken, usw., sondern einfache Integration von allen. * **Keine Kompromisse** bei Datenbanken, Eingabemasken, usw. Sondern einfache Integration von allen.
### Unbegrenzte Erweiterungen ### Unbegrenzte Erweiterungen
@ -165,11 +165,11 @@ Jede Integration wurde so entworfen, dass sie einfach zu nutzen ist (mit Abhäng
Mit **FastAPI** bekommen Sie viele von **Starlette**'s Funktionen (da FastAPI nur Starlette auf Steroiden ist): Mit **FastAPI** bekommen Sie viele von **Starlette**'s Funktionen (da FastAPI nur Starlette auf Steroiden ist):
* Stark beeindruckende Performanz. Es ist <a href="https://github.com/encode/starlette#performance" class="external-link" target="_blank">eines der schnellsten Python frameworks, auf Augenhöhe mit **NodeJS** und **Go**</a>. * Stark beeindruckende Performanz. Es ist <a href="https://github.com/encode/starlette#performance" class="external-link" target="_blank">eines der schnellsten Python Frameworks, auf Augenhöhe mit **NodeJS** und **Go**</a>.
* **WebSocket**-Unterstützung. * **WebSocket**-Unterstützung.
* Hintergrundaufgaben im selben Prozess. * Hintergrundaufgaben im selben Prozess.
* Ereignisse für das Starten und Herunterfahren. * Ereignisse für das Starten und Herunterfahren.
* Testclient basierend auf `requests`. * Testclient basierend auf HTTPX.
* **CORS**, GZip, statische Dateien, Antwortfluss. * **CORS**, GZip, statische Dateien, Antwortfluss.
* **Sitzungs und Cookie** Unterstützung. * **Sitzungs und Cookie** Unterstützung.
* 100% Testabdeckung. * 100% Testabdeckung.
@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ Mit **FastAPI** bekommen Sie alle Funktionen von **Pydantic** (da FastAPI für d
* In <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/benchmarks/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vergleichen</a> ist Pydantic schneller als jede andere getestete Bibliothek. * In <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/benchmarks/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vergleichen</a> ist Pydantic schneller als jede andere getestete Bibliothek.
* Validierung von **komplexen Strukturen**: * Validierung von **komplexen Strukturen**:
* Benutzung von hierachischen Pydantic Schemata, Python `typing`’s `List` und `Dict`, etc. * Benutzung von hierachischen Pydantic Schemata, Python `typing`’s `List` und `Dict`, etc.
* Validierungen erlauben klare und einfache Datenschemadefinition, überprüft und dokumentiert als JSON Schema. * Validierungen erlauben eine klare und einfache Datenschemadefinition, überprüft und dokumentiert als JSON Schema.
* Sie können stark **verschachtelte JSON** Objekte haben und diese sind trotzdem validiert und annotiert. * Sie können stark **verschachtelte JSON** Objekte haben und diese sind trotzdem validiert und annotiert.
* **Erweiterbar**: * **Erweiterbar**:
* Pydantic erlaubt die Definition von eigenen Datentypen oder Sie können die Validierung mit einer `validator` dekorierten Methode erweitern.. * Pydantic erlaubt die Definition von eigenen Datentypen oder sie können die Validierung mit einer `validator` dekorierten Methode erweitern.
* 100% Testabdeckung. * 100% Testabdeckung.

6
docs/de/docs/index.md

@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be
## Requirements ## Requirements
Python 3.6+ Python 3.7+
FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.u
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
```console ```console
$ pip install uvicorn[standard] $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
---> 100% ---> 100%
``` ```
@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
Used by Starlette: Used by Starlette:
* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. * <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
* <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`. * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
* <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

2
docs/de/mkdocs.yml

@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ markdown_extensions:
format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format ''
- pymdownx.tabbed: - pymdownx.tabbed:
alternate_style: true alternate_style: true
- attr_list
- md_in_html
extra: extra:
analytics: analytics:
provider: google provider: google

12
docs/en/data/external_links.yml

@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
articles: articles:
english: english:
- author: WayScript
author_link: https://www.wayscript.com
link: https://blog.wayscript.com/fast-api-quickstart/
title: Quickstart Guide to Build and Host Responsive APIs with Fast API and WayScript
- author: New Relic
author_link: https://newrelic.com
link: https://newrelic.com/instant-observability/fastapi/e559ec64-f765-4470-a15f-1901fcebb468
title: How to monitor FastAPI application performance using Python agent
- author: Jean-Baptiste Rocher - author: Jean-Baptiste Rocher
author_link: https://hashnode.com/@jibrocher author_link: https://hashnode.com/@jibrocher
link: https://dev.indooroutdoor.io/series/fastapi-react-poll-app link: https://dev.indooroutdoor.io/series/fastapi-react-poll-app
@ -212,6 +220,10 @@ articles:
author_link: https://twitter.com/MantoshMukul author_link: https://twitter.com/MantoshMukul
link: https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/guide/tutorials/fastapi-aws-kubernetes/ link: https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/guide/tutorials/fastapi-aws-kubernetes/
title: Developing FastAPI Application using K8s & AWS title: Developing FastAPI Application using K8s & AWS
- author: KrishNa
author_link: https://medium.com/@krishnardt365
link: https://medium.com/@krishnardt365/fastapi-docker-and-postgres-91943e71be92
title: Fastapi, Docker(Docker compose) and Postgres
german: german:
- author: Nico Axtmann - author: Nico Axtmann
author_link: https://twitter.com/_nicoax author_link: https://twitter.com/_nicoax

339
docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml

@ -1,23 +1,20 @@
sponsors: sponsors:
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avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9919?v=4 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/60539444?v=4
url: https://github.com/github url: https://github.com/jina-ai
- - login: Doist - - login: Doist
avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2565372?v=4 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2565372?v=4
url: https://github.com/Doist url: https://github.com/Doist
- login: cryptapi - login: cryptapi
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url: https://github.com/cryptapi url: https://github.com/cryptapi
- login: BLUE-DEVIL1134 - login: jrobbins-LiveData
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url: https://github.com/BLUE-DEVIL1134 url: https://github.com/jrobbins-LiveData
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url: https://github.com/jina-ai url: https://github.com/nihpo
- login: DropbaseHQ - login: ObliviousAI
avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/85367855?v=4
url: https://github.com/DropbaseHQ
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url: https://github.com/ObliviousAI url: https://github.com/ObliviousAI
- login: chaserowbotham - login: chaserowbotham
@ -26,9 +23,6 @@ sponsors:
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avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2035561?u=1bb18268bcd4d9249e1f783a063c27df9a84c05b&v=4 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2035561?u=1bb18268bcd4d9249e1f783a063c27df9a84c05b&v=4
url: https://github.com/mikeckennedy url: https://github.com/mikeckennedy
- login: Trivie
avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/8161763?v=4
url: https://github.com/Trivie
- login: deta - login: deta
avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/47275976?v=4 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/47275976?v=4
url: https://github.com/deta url: https://github.com/deta
@ -41,15 +35,27 @@ sponsors:
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avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/103889729?v=4 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/103889729?v=4
url: https://github.com/VincentParedes url: https://github.com/VincentParedes
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url: https://github.com/getsentry
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url: https://github.com/xoflare url: https://github.com/xoflare
@ -59,48 +65,54 @@ sponsors:
- login: BoostryJP - login: BoostryJP
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- login: johnadjei
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@ -116,6 +128,12 @@ sponsors:
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16
docs/en/data/sponsors.yml

@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
gold: gold:
- url: https://bit.ly/3PjOZqc - url: https://bit.ly/3dmXC5S
title: "DiscoArt: Create compelling Disco Diffusion artworks in just one line" title: The data structure for unstructured multimodal data
img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina-ai.png img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/docarray.svg
- url: https://bit.ly/3JJ7y5C
title: Build cross-modal and multimodal applications on the cloud
img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina2.svg
- url: https://cryptapi.io/ - url: https://cryptapi.io/
title: "CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway." title: "CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."
img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg
- url: https://app.imgwhale.xyz/
title: The ultimate solution to unlimited and forever cloud storage.
img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/imgwhale.svg
- url: https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python - url: https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python
title: Help us migrate doist to FastAPI title: Help us migrate doist to FastAPI
img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/doist.svg img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/doist.svg
@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ bronze:
- url: https://www.exoflare.com/open-source/?utm_source=FastAPI&utm_campaign=open_source - url: https://www.exoflare.com/open-source/?utm_source=FastAPI&utm_campaign=open_source
title: Biosecurity risk assessments made easy. title: Biosecurity risk assessments made easy.
img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/exoflare.png img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/exoflare.png
- url: https://striveworks.us/careers?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=sponsor_banner&utm_campaign=feb_march#openings - url: https://bit.ly/3ccLCmM
title: https://striveworks.us/careers title: https://striveworks.us/careers
img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/striveworks.png img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/striveworks2.png

2
docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md

@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Each of those response `dict`s can have a key `model`, containing a Pydantic mod
For example, to declare another response with a status code `404` and a Pydantic model `Message`, you can write: For example, to declare another response with a status code `404` and a Pydantic model `Message`, you can write:
```Python hl_lines="18 23" ```Python hl_lines="18 22"
{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py!} {!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py!}
``` ```

26
docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# Async Tests # Async Tests
You have already seen how to test your **FastAPI** applications using the provided `TestClient`, but with it, you can't test or run any other `async` function in your (synchronous) pytest functions. You have already seen how to test your **FastAPI** applications using the provided `TestClient`. Up to now, you have only seen how to write synchronous tests, without using `async` functions.
Being able to use asynchronous functions in your tests could be useful, for example, when you're querying your database asynchronously. Imagine you want to test sending requests to your FastAPI application and then verify that your backend successfully wrote the correct data in the database, while using an async database library. Being able to use asynchronous functions in your tests could be useful, for example, when you're querying your database asynchronously. Imagine you want to test sending requests to your FastAPI application and then verify that your backend successfully wrote the correct data in the database, while using an async database library.
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Let's look at how we can make that work.
## pytest.mark.anyio ## pytest.mark.anyio
If we want to call asynchronous functions in our tests, our test functions have to be asynchronous. Anyio provides a neat plugin for this, that allows us to specify that some test functions are to be called asynchronously. If we want to call asynchronous functions in our tests, our test functions have to be asynchronous. AnyIO provides a neat plugin for this, that allows us to specify that some test functions are to be called asynchronously.
## HTTPX ## HTTPX
@ -16,23 +16,27 @@ Even if your **FastAPI** application uses normal `def` functions instead of `asy
The `TestClient` does some magic inside to call the asynchronous FastAPI application in your normal `def` test functions, using standard pytest. But that magic doesn't work anymore when we're using it inside asynchronous functions. By running our tests asynchronously, we can no longer use the `TestClient` inside our test functions. The `TestClient` does some magic inside to call the asynchronous FastAPI application in your normal `def` test functions, using standard pytest. But that magic doesn't work anymore when we're using it inside asynchronous functions. By running our tests asynchronously, we can no longer use the `TestClient` inside our test functions.
Luckily there's a nice alternative, called <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>. The `TestClient` is based on <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>, and luckily, we can use it directly to test the API.
HTTPX is an HTTP client for Python 3 that allows us to query our FastAPI application similarly to how we did it with the `TestClient`. ## Example
If you're familiar with the <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a> library, you'll find that the API of HTTPX is almost identical.
The important difference for us is that with HTTPX we are not limited to synchronous, but can also make asynchronous requests. For a simple example, let's consider a file structure similar to the one described in [Bigger Applications](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and [Testing](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank}:
## Example ```
.
├── app
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── main.py
│   └── test_main.py
```
For a simple example, let's consider the following `main.py` module: The file `main.py` would have:
```Python ```Python
{!../../../docs_src/async_tests/main.py!} {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/main.py!}
``` ```
The `test_main.py` module that contains the tests for `main.py` could look like this now: The file `test_main.py` would have the tests for `main.py`, it could look like this now:
```Python ```Python
{!../../../docs_src/async_tests/test_main.py!} {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/test_main.py!}
@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ This is the equivalent to:
response = client.get('/') response = client.get('/')
``` ```
that we used to make our requests with the `TestClient`. ...that we used to make our requests with the `TestClient`.
!!! tip !!! tip
Note that we're using async/await with the new `AsyncClient` - the request is asynchronous. Note that we're using async/await with the new `AsyncClient` - the request is asynchronous.

36
docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md

@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ For example, if you are squeezing performance, you can install and use <a href="
Import the `Response` class (sub-class) you want to use and declare it in the *path operation decorator*. Import the `Response` class (sub-class) you want to use and declare it in the *path operation decorator*.
For large responses, returning a `Response` directly is much faster than returning a dictionary.
This is because by default, FastAPI will inspect every item inside and make sure it is serializable with JSON, using the same [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} explained in the tutorial. This is what allows you to return **arbitrary objects**, for example database models.
But if you are certain that the content that you are returning is **serializable with JSON**, you can pass it directly to the response class and avoid the extra overhead that FastAPI would have by passing your return content through the `jsonable_encoder` before passing it to the response class.
```Python hl_lines="2 7" ```Python hl_lines="2 7"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py!} {!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py!}
``` ```
@ -244,6 +250,36 @@ You can also use the `response_class` parameter:
In this case, you can return the file path directly from your *path operation* function. In this case, you can return the file path directly from your *path operation* function.
## Custom response class
You can create your own custom response class, inheriting from `Response` and using it.
For example, let's say that you want to use <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a>, but with some custom settings not used in the included `ORJSONResponse` class.
Let's say you want it to return indented and formatted JSON, so you want to use the orjson option `orjson.OPT_INDENT_2`.
You could create a `CustomORJSONResponse`. The main thing you have to do is create a `Response.render(content)` method that returns the content as `bytes`:
```Python hl_lines="9-14 17"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py!}
```
Now instead of returning:
```json
{"message": "Hello World"}
```
...this response will return:
```json
{
"message": "Hello World"
}
```
Of course, you will probably find much better ways to take advantage of this than formatting JSON. 😉
## Default response class ## Default response class
When creating a **FastAPI** class instance or an `APIRouter` you can specify which response class to use by default. When creating a **FastAPI** class instance or an `APIRouter` you can specify which response class to use by default.

2
docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ But FastAPI also supports using <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/datac
{!../../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py!} {!../../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py!}
``` ```
This is still thanks to **Pydantic**, as it has <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/dataclasses/#use-of-stdlib-dataclasses-with-basemodel" class="external-link" target="_blank">internal support for `dataclasses`</a>. This is still supported thanks to **Pydantic**, as it has <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/dataclasses/#use-of-stdlib-dataclasses-with-basemodel" class="external-link" target="_blank">internal support for `dataclasses`</a>.
So, even with the code above that doesn't use Pydantic explicitly, FastAPI is using Pydantic to convert those standard dataclasses to Pydantic's own flavor of dataclasses. So, even with the code above that doesn't use Pydantic explicitly, FastAPI is using Pydantic to convert those standard dataclasses to Pydantic's own flavor of dataclasses.

2
docs/en/docs/advanced/middleware.md

@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Enforces that all incoming requests have a correctly set `Host` header, in order
The following arguments are supported: The following arguments are supported:
* `allowed_hosts` - A list of domain names that should be allowed as hostnames. Wildcard domains such as `*.example.com` are supported for matching subdomains to allow any hostname either use `allowed_hosts=["*"]` or omit the middleware. * `allowed_hosts` - A list of domain names that should be allowed as hostnames. Wildcard domains such as `*.example.com` are supported for matching subdomains. To allow any hostname either use `allowed_hosts=["*"]` or omit the middleware.
If an incoming request does not validate correctly then a `400` response will be sent. If an incoming request does not validate correctly then a `400` response will be sent.

12
docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md

@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ It will have a *path operation* that will receive an `Invoice` body, and a query
This part is pretty normal, most of the code is probably already familiar to you: This part is pretty normal, most of the code is probably already familiar to you:
```Python hl_lines="10-14 37-54" ```Python hl_lines="9-13 36-53"
{!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
``` ```
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ It could be just one or two lines of code, like:
```Python ```Python
callback_url = "https://example.com/api/v1/invoices/events/" callback_url = "https://example.com/api/v1/invoices/events/"
requests.post(callback_url, json={"description": "Invoice paid", "paid": True}) httpx.post(callback_url, json={"description": "Invoice paid", "paid": True})
``` ```
But possibly the most important part of the callback is making sure that your API user (the external developer) implements the *external API* correctly, according to the data that *your API* is going to send in the request body of the callback, etc. But possibly the most important part of the callback is making sure that your API user (the external developer) implements the *external API* correctly, according to the data that *your API* is going to send in the request body of the callback, etc.
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ This example doesn't implement the callback itself (that could be just a line of
!!! tip !!! tip
The actual callback is just an HTTP request. The actual callback is just an HTTP request.
When implementing the callback yourself, you could use something like <a href="https://www.encode.io/httpx/" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a> or <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>. When implementing the callback yourself, you could use something like <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a> or <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>.
## Write the callback documentation code ## Write the callback documentation code
@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ So we are going to use that same knowledge to document how the *external API* sh
First create a new `APIRouter` that will contain one or more callbacks. First create a new `APIRouter` that will contain one or more callbacks.
```Python hl_lines="5 26" ```Python hl_lines="3 25"
{!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
``` ```
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ It should look just like a normal FastAPI *path operation*:
* It should probably have a declaration of the body it should receive, e.g. `body: InvoiceEvent`. * It should probably have a declaration of the body it should receive, e.g. `body: InvoiceEvent`.
* And it could also have a declaration of the response it should return, e.g. `response_model=InvoiceEventReceived`. * And it could also have a declaration of the response it should return, e.g. `response_model=InvoiceEventReceived`.
```Python hl_lines="17-19 22-23 29-33" ```Python hl_lines="16-18 21-22 28-32"
{!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
``` ```
@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ At this point you have the *callback path operation(s)* needed (the one(s) that
Now use the parameter `callbacks` in *your API's path operation decorator* to pass the attribute `.routes` (that's actually just a `list` of routes/*path operations*) from that callback router: Now use the parameter `callbacks` in *your API's path operation decorator* to pass the attribute `.routes` (that's actually just a `list` of routes/*path operations*) from that callback router:
```Python hl_lines="36" ```Python hl_lines="35"
{!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
``` ```

14
docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md

@ -34,13 +34,19 @@ Here's a more complete example.
Use a dependency to check if the username and password are correct. Use a dependency to check if the username and password are correct.
For this, use the Python standard module <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/secrets.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`secrets`</a> to check the username and password: For this, use the Python standard module <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/secrets.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`secrets`</a> to check the username and password.
```Python hl_lines="1 11-13" `secrets.compare_digest()` needs to take `bytes` or a `str` that only contains ASCII characters (the ones in English), this means it wouldn't work with characters like `á`, as in `Sebastián`.
To handle that, we first convert the `username` and `password` to `bytes` encoding them with UTF-8.
Then we can use `secrets.compare_digest()` to ensure that `credentials.username` is `"stanleyjobson"`, and that `credentials.password` is `"swordfish"`.
```Python hl_lines="1 11-21"
{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!} {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!}
``` ```
This will ensure that `credentials.username` is `"stanleyjobson"`, and that `credentials.password` is `"swordfish"`. This would be similar to: This would be similar to:
```Python ```Python
if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"): if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"):
@ -102,6 +108,6 @@ That way, using `secrets.compare_digest()` in your application code, it will be
After detecting that the credentials are incorrect, return an `HTTPException` with a status code 401 (the same returned when no credentials are provided) and add the header `WWW-Authenticate` to make the browser show the login prompt again: After detecting that the credentials are incorrect, return an `HTTPException` with a status code 401 (the same returned when no credentials are provided) and add the header `WWW-Authenticate` to make the browser show the login prompt again:
```Python hl_lines="15-19" ```Python hl_lines="23-27"
{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!} {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!}
``` ```

20
docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@ -2,6 +2,20 @@
You can use <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API" class="external-link" target="_blank">WebSockets</a> with **FastAPI**. You can use <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API" class="external-link" target="_blank">WebSockets</a> with **FastAPI**.
## Install `WebSockets`
First you need to install `WebSockets`:
<div class="termy">
```console
$ pip install websockets
---> 100%
```
</div>
## WebSockets client ## WebSockets client
### In production ### In production
@ -98,17 +112,15 @@ In WebSocket endpoints you can import from `fastapi` and use:
They work the same way as for other FastAPI endpoints/*path operations*: They work the same way as for other FastAPI endpoints/*path operations*:
```Python hl_lines="58-65 68-83" ```Python hl_lines="66-77 76-91"
{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py!} {!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py!}
``` ```
!!! info !!! info
In a WebSocket it doesn't really make sense to raise an `HTTPException`. So it's better to close the WebSocket connection directly. As this is a WebSocket it doesn't really make sense to raise an `HTTPException`, instead we raise a `WebSocketException`.
You can use a closing code from the <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-7.4.1" class="external-link" target="_blank">valid codes defined in the specification</a>. You can use a closing code from the <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-7.4.1" class="external-link" target="_blank">valid codes defined in the specification</a>.
In the future, there will be a `WebSocketException` that you will be able to `raise` from anywhere, and add exception handlers for it. It depends on the <a href="https://github.com/encode/starlette/pull/527" class="external-link" target="_blank">PR #527</a> in Starlette.
### Try the WebSockets with dependencies ### Try the WebSockets with dependencies
If your file is named `main.py`, run your application with: If your file is named `main.py`, run your application with:

4
docs/en/docs/alternatives.md

@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ That's why when talking about version 2.0 it's common to say "Swagger", and for
There are several Flask REST frameworks, but after investing the time and work into investigating them, I found that many are discontinued or abandoned, with several standing issues that made them unfit. There are several Flask REST frameworks, but after investing the time and work into investigating them, I found that many are discontinued or abandoned, with several standing issues that made them unfit.
### <a href="https://marshmallow.readthedocs.io/en/3.0/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Marshmallow</a> ### <a href="https://marshmallow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Marshmallow</a>
One of the main features needed by API systems is data "<abbr title="also called marshalling, conversion">serialization</abbr>" which is taking data from the code (Python) and converting it into something that can be sent through the network. For example, converting an object containing data from a database into a JSON object. Converting `datetime` objects into strings, etc. One of the main features needed by API systems is data "<abbr title="also called marshalling, conversion">serialization</abbr>" which is taking data from the code (Python) and converting it into something that can be sent through the network. For example, converting an object containing data from a database into a JSON object. Converting `datetime` objects into strings, etc.
@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ It has:
* WebSocket support. * WebSocket support.
* In-process background tasks. * In-process background tasks.
* Startup and shutdown events. * Startup and shutdown events.
* Test client built on requests. * Test client built on HTTPX.
* CORS, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses. * CORS, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
* Session and Cookie support. * Session and Cookie support.
* 100% test coverage. * 100% test coverage.

118
docs/en/docs/async.md

@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ async def read_results():
--- ---
If you are using a third party library that communicates with something (a database, an API, the file system, etc) and doesn't have support for using `await`, (this is currently the case for most database libraries), then declare your *path operation functions* as normally, with just `def`, like: If you are using a third party library that communicates with something (a database, an API, the file system, etc.) and doesn't have support for using `await`, (this is currently the case for most database libraries), then declare your *path operation functions* as normally, with just `def`, like:
```Python hl_lines="2" ```Python hl_lines="2"
@app.get('/') @app.get('/')
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ If you just don't know, use normal `def`.
--- ---
**Note**: you can mix `def` and `async def` in your *path operation functions* as much as you need and define each one using the best option for you. FastAPI will do the right thing with them. **Note**: You can mix `def` and `async def` in your *path operation functions* as much as you need and define each one using the best option for you. FastAPI will do the right thing with them.
Anyway, in any of the cases above, FastAPI will still work asynchronously and be extremely fast. Anyway, in any of the cases above, FastAPI will still work asynchronously and be extremely fast.
@ -102,87 +102,117 @@ To see the difference, imagine the following story about burgers:
### Concurrent Burgers ### Concurrent Burgers
<!-- The gender neutral cook emoji "🧑‍🍳" does not render well in browsers. In the meantime, I'm using a mix of male "👨‍🍳" and female "👩‍🍳" cooks. --> You go with your crush to get fast food, you stand in line while the cashier takes the orders from the people in front of you. 😍
You go with your crush 😍 to get fast food 🍔, you stand in line while the cashier 💁 takes the orders from the people in front of you. <img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-01.png" class="illustration">
Then it's your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers 🍔 for your crush 😍 and you. Then it's your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers for your crush and you. 🍔🍔
You pay 💸. <img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-02.png" class="illustration">
The cashier says something to the cook in the kitchen so they know they have to prepare your burgers (even though they are currently preparing the ones for the previous clients).
<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-03.png" class="illustration">
You pay. 💸
The cashier gives you the number of your turn.
The cashier 💁 says something to the cook in the kitchen 👨‍🍳 so they know they have to prepare your burgers 🍔 (even though they are currently preparing the ones for the previous clients). <img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-04.png" class="illustration">
The cashier 💁 gives you the number of your turn. While you are waiting, you go with your crush and pick a table, you sit and talk with your crush for a long time (as your burgers are very fancy and take some time to prepare).
While you are waiting, you go with your crush 😍 and pick a table, you sit and talk with your crush 😍 for a long time (as your burgers are very fancy and take some time to prepare ✨🍔✨). As you are sitting at the table with your crush, while you wait for the burgers, you can spend that time admiring how awesome, cute and smart your crush is ✨😍✨.
As you are sitting at the table with your crush 😍, while you wait for the burgers 🍔, you can spend that time admiring how awesome, cute and smart your crush is ✨😍✨. <img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-05.png" class="illustration">
While waiting and talking to your crush 😍, from time to time, you check the number displayed on the counter to see if it's your turn already. While waiting and talking to your crush, from time to time, you check the number displayed on the counter to see if it's your turn already.
Then at some point, it finally is your turn. You go to the counter, get your burgers 🍔 and come back to the table. Then at some point, it finally is your turn. You go to the counter, get your burgers and come back to the table.
You and your crush 😍 eat the burgers 🍔 and have a nice time ✨. <img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-06.png" class="illustration">
You and your crush eat the burgers and have a nice time. ✨
<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-07.png" class="illustration">
!!! info
Beautiful illustrations by <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ketrinadrawsalot" class="external-link" target="_blank">Ketrina Thompson</a>. 🎨
--- ---
Imagine you are the computer / program 🤖 in that story. Imagine you are the computer / program 🤖 in that story.
While you are at the line, you are just idle 😴, waiting for your turn, not doing anything very "productive". But the line is fast because the cashier 💁 is only taking the orders (not preparing them), so that's fine. While you are at the line, you are just idle 😴, waiting for your turn, not doing anything very "productive". But the line is fast because the cashier is only taking the orders (not preparing them), so that's fine.
Then, when it's your turn, you do actual "productive" work 🤓, you process the menu, decide what you want, get your crush's 😍 choice, pay 💸, check that you give the correct bill or card, check that you are charged correctly, check that the order has the correct items, etc. Then, when it's your turn, you do actual "productive" work, you process the menu, decide what you want, get your crush's choice, pay, check that you give the correct bill or card, check that you are charged correctly, check that the order has the correct items, etc.
But then, even though you still don't have your burgers 🍔, your work with the cashier 💁 is "on pause" ⏸, because you have to wait 🕙 for your burgers to be ready. But then, even though you still don't have your burgers, your work with the cashier is "on pause" ⏸, because you have to wait 🕙 for your burgers to be ready.
But as you go away from the counter and sit at the table with a number for your turn, you can switch 🔀 your attention to your crush 😍, and "work" ⏯ 🤓 on that. Then you are again doing something very "productive" 🤓, as is flirting with your crush 😍. But as you go away from the counter and sit at the table with a number for your turn, you can switch 🔀 your attention to your crush, and "work" ⏯ 🤓 on that. Then you are again doing something very "productive" as is flirting with your crush 😍.
Then the cashier 💁 says "I'm finished with doing the burgers" 🍔 by putting your number on the counter's display, but you don't jump like crazy immediately when the displayed number changes to your turn number. You know no one will steal your burgers 🍔 because you have the number of your turn, and they have theirs. Then the cashier 💁 says "I'm finished with doing the burgers" by putting your number on the counter's display, but you don't jump like crazy immediately when the displayed number changes to your turn number. You know no one will steal your burgers because you have the number of your turn, and they have theirs.
So you wait for your crush 😍 to finish the story (finish the current work ⏯ / task being processed 🤓), smile gently and say that you are going for the burgers ⏸. So you wait for your crush to finish the story (finish the current work ⏯ / task being processed 🤓), smile gently and say that you are going for the burgers ⏸.
Then you go to the counter 🔀, to the initial task that is now finished ⏯, pick the burgers 🍔, say thanks and take them to the table. That finishes that step / task of interaction with the counter ⏹. That in turn, creates a new task, of "eating burgers" 🔀 ⏯, but the previous one of "getting burgers" is finished ⏹. Then you go to the counter 🔀, to the initial task that is now finished ⏯, pick the burgers, say thanks and take them to the table. That finishes that step / task of interaction with the counter ⏹. That in turn, creates a new task, of "eating burgers" 🔀 ⏯, but the previous one of "getting burgers" is finished ⏹.
### Parallel Burgers ### Parallel Burgers
Now let's imagine these aren't "Concurrent Burgers", but "Parallel Burgers". Now let's imagine these aren't "Concurrent Burgers", but "Parallel Burgers".
You go with your crush 😍 to get parallel fast food 🍔. You go with your crush to get parallel fast food.
You stand in line while several (let's say 8) cashiers that at the same time are cooks take the orders from the people in front of you.
You stand in line while several (let's say 8) cashiers that at the same time are cooks 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳 take the orders from the people in front of you. Everyone before you is waiting for their burgers to be ready before leaving the counter because each of the 8 cashiers goes and prepares the burger right away before getting the next order.
Everyone before you is waiting 🕙 for their burgers 🍔 to be ready before leaving the counter because each of the 8 cashiers goes and prepares the burger right away before getting the next order. <img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-01.png" class="illustration">
Then it's finally your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers 🍔 for your crush 😍 and you. Then it's finally your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers for your crush and you.
You pay 💸. You pay 💸.
The cashier goes to the kitchen 👨‍🍳. <img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-02.png" class="illustration">
You wait, standing in front of the counter 🕙, so that no one else takes your burgers 🍔 before you do, as there are no numbers for turns. The cashier goes to the kitchen.
As you and your crush 😍 are busy not letting anyone get in front of you and take your burgers whenever they arrive 🕙, you cannot pay attention to your crush 😞. You wait, standing in front of the counter 🕙, so that no one else takes your burgers before you do, as there are no numbers for turns.
This is "synchronous" work, you are "synchronized" with the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳. You have to wait 🕙 and be there at the exact moment that the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finishes the burgers 🍔 and gives them to you, or otherwise, someone else might take them. <img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-03.png" class="illustration">
Then your cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finally comes back with your burgers 🍔, after a long time waiting 🕙 there in front of the counter. As you and your crush are busy not letting anyone get in front of you and take your burgers whenever they arrive, you cannot pay attention to your crush. 😞
You take your burgers 🍔 and go to the table with your crush 😍. This is "synchronous" work, you are "synchronized" with the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳. You have to wait 🕙 and be there at the exact moment that the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finishes the burgers and gives them to you, or otherwise, someone else might take them.
You just eat them, and you are done 🍔 ⏹. <img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-04.png" class="illustration">
There was not much talk or flirting as most of the time was spent waiting 🕙 in front of the counter 😞. Then your cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finally comes back with your burgers, after a long time waiting 🕙 there in front of the counter.
<img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-05.png" class="illustration">
You take your burgers and go to the table with your crush.
You just eat them, and you are done. ⏹
<img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-06.png" class="illustration">
There was not much talk or flirting as most of the time was spent waiting 🕙 in front of the counter. 😞
!!! info
Beautiful illustrations by <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ketrinadrawsalot" class="external-link" target="_blank">Ketrina Thompson</a>. 🎨
--- ---
In this scenario of the parallel burgers, you are a computer / program 🤖 with two processors (you and your crush 😍), both waiting 🕙 and dedicating their attention ⏯ to be "waiting on the counter" 🕙 for a long time. In this scenario of the parallel burgers, you are a computer / program 🤖 with two processors (you and your crush), both waiting 🕙 and dedicating their attention ⏯ to be "waiting on the counter" 🕙 for a long time.
The fast food store has 8 processors (cashiers/cooks) 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳. While the concurrent burgers store might have had only 2 (one cashier and one cook) 💁 👨‍🍳. The fast food store has 8 processors (cashiers/cooks). While the concurrent burgers store might have had only 2 (one cashier and one cook).
But still, the final experience is not the best 😞. But still, the final experience is not the best. 😞
--- ---
This would be the parallel equivalent story for burgers 🍔. This would be the parallel equivalent story for burgers. 🍔
For a more "real life" example of this, imagine a bank. For a more "real life" example of this, imagine a bank.
@ -208,11 +238,7 @@ This "waiting" 🕙 is measured in microseconds, but still, summing it all, it's
That's why it makes a lot of sense to use asynchronous ⏸🔀⏯ code for web APIs. That's why it makes a lot of sense to use asynchronous ⏸🔀⏯ code for web APIs.
Most of the existing popular Python frameworks (including Flask and Django) were created before the new asynchronous features in Python existed. So, the ways they can be deployed support parallel execution and an older form of asynchronous execution that is not as powerful as the new capabilities. This kind of asynchronicity is what made NodeJS popular (even though NodeJS is not parallel) and that's the strength of Go as a programming language.
Even though the main specification for asynchronous web Python (ASGI) was developed at Django, to add support for WebSockets.
That kind of asynchronicity is what made NodeJS popular (even though NodeJS is not parallel) and that's the strength of Go as a programming language.
And that's the same level of performance you get with **FastAPI**. And that's the same level of performance you get with **FastAPI**.
@ -238,7 +264,7 @@ You could have turns as in the burgers example, first the living room, then the
It would take the same amount of time to finish with or without turns (concurrency) and you would have done the same amount of work. It would take the same amount of time to finish with or without turns (concurrency) and you would have done the same amount of work.
But in this case, if you could bring the 8 ex-cashier/cooks/now-cleaners 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳, and each one of them (plus you) could take a zone of the house to clean it, you could do all the work in **parallel**, with the extra help, and finish much sooner. But in this case, if you could bring the 8 ex-cashier/cooks/now-cleaners, and each one of them (plus you) could take a zone of the house to clean it, you could do all the work in **parallel**, with the extra help, and finish much sooner.
In this scenario, each one of the cleaners (including you) would be a processor, doing their part of the job. In this scenario, each one of the cleaners (including you) would be a processor, doing their part of the job.
@ -371,23 +397,23 @@ All that is what powers FastAPI (through Starlette) and what makes it have such
These are very technical details of how **FastAPI** works underneath. These are very technical details of how **FastAPI** works underneath.
If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead. If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc.) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead.
### Path operation functions ### Path operation functions
When you declare a *path operation function* with normal `def` instead of `async def`, it is run in an external threadpool that is then awaited, instead of being called directly (as it would block the server). When you declare a *path operation function* with normal `def` instead of `async def`, it is run in an external threadpool that is then awaited, instead of being called directly (as it would block the server).
If you are coming from another async framework that does not work in the way described above and you are used to define trivial compute-only *path operation functions* with plain `def` for a tiny performance gain (about 100 nanoseconds), please note that in **FastAPI** the effect would be quite opposite. In these cases, it's better to use `async def` unless your *path operation functions* use code that performs blocking <abbr title="Input/Output: disk reading or writing, network communications.">I/O</abbr>. If you are coming from another async framework that does not work in the way described above and you are used to defining trivial compute-only *path operation functions* with plain `def` for a tiny performance gain (about 100 nanoseconds), please note that in **FastAPI** the effect would be quite opposite. In these cases, it's better to use `async def` unless your *path operation functions* use code that performs blocking <abbr title="Input/Output: disk reading or writing, network communications.">I/O</abbr>.
Still, in both situations, chances are that **FastAPI** will [still be faster](/#performance){.internal-link target=_blank} than (or at least comparable to) your previous framework. Still, in both situations, chances are that **FastAPI** will [still be faster](/#performance){.internal-link target=_blank} than (or at least comparable to) your previous framework.
### Dependencies ### Dependencies
The same applies for dependencies. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool. The same applies for [dependencies](/tutorial/dependencies/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool.
### Sub-dependencies ### Sub-dependencies
You can have multiple dependencies and sub-dependencies requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread (from the threadpool) instead of being "awaited". You can have multiple dependencies and [sub-dependencies](/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank} requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread (from the threadpool) instead of being "awaited".
### Other utility functions ### Other utility functions

52
docs/en/docs/contributing.md

@ -84,58 +84,36 @@ To check it worked, use:
If it shows the `pip` binary at `env/bin/pip` then it worked. 🎉 If it shows the `pip` binary at `env/bin/pip` then it worked. 🎉
Make sure you have the latest pip version on your virtual environment to avoid errors on the next steps:
!!! tip
Every time you install a new package with `pip` under that environment, activate the environment again.
This makes sure that if you use a terminal program installed by that package (like `flit`), you use the one from your local environment and not any other that could be installed globally.
### Flit
**FastAPI** uses <a href="https://flit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">Flit</a> to build, package and publish the project.
After activating the environment as described above, install `flit`:
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
```console ```console
$ pip install flit $ python -m pip install --upgrade pip
---> 100% ---> 100%
``` ```
</div> </div>
Now re-activate the environment to make sure you are using the `flit` you just installed (and not a global one). !!! tip
Every time you install a new package with `pip` under that environment, activate the environment again.
And now use `flit` to install the development dependencies:
=== "Linux, macOS"
<div class="termy">
```console
$ flit install --deps develop --symlink
---> 100% This makes sure that if you use a terminal program installed by that package, you use the one from your local environment and not any other that could be installed globally.
```
</div> ### pip
=== "Windows" After activating the environment as described above:
If you are on Windows, use `--pth-file` instead of `--symlink`: <div class="termy">
<div class="termy">
```console ```console
$ flit install --deps develop --pth-file $ pip install -e ."[dev,doc,test]"
---> 100% ---> 100%
``` ```
</div> </div>
It will install all the dependencies and your local FastAPI in your local environment. It will install all the dependencies and your local FastAPI in your local environment.
@ -143,7 +121,7 @@ It will install all the dependencies and your local FastAPI in your local enviro
If you create a Python file that imports and uses FastAPI, and run it with the Python from your local environment, it will use your local FastAPI source code. If you create a Python file that imports and uses FastAPI, and run it with the Python from your local environment, it will use your local FastAPI source code.
And if you update that local FastAPI source code, as it is installed with `--symlink` (or `--pth-file` on Windows), when you run that Python file again, it will use the fresh version of FastAPI you just edited. And if you update that local FastAPI source code, as it is installed with `-e`, when you run that Python file again, it will use the fresh version of FastAPI you just edited.
That way, you don't have to "install" your local version to be able to test every change. That way, you don't have to "install" your local version to be able to test every change.
@ -161,7 +139,7 @@ $ bash scripts/format.sh
It will also auto-sort all your imports. It will also auto-sort all your imports.
For it to sort them correctly, you need to have FastAPI installed locally in your environment, with the command in the section above using `--symlink` (or `--pth-file` on Windows). For it to sort them correctly, you need to have FastAPI installed locally in your environment, with the command in the section above using `-e`.
## Docs ## Docs

26
docs/en/docs/css/custom.css

@ -4,10 +4,21 @@
display: block; display: block;
} }
.termy {
/* For right to left languages */
direction: ltr;
}
.termy [data-termynal] { .termy [data-termynal] {
white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre-wrap;
} }
a.external-link {
/* For right to left languages */
direction: ltr;
display: inline-block;
}
a.external-link::after { a.external-link::after {
/* \00A0 is a non-breaking space /* \00A0 is a non-breaking space
to make the mark be on the same line as the link to make the mark be on the same line as the link
@ -118,3 +129,18 @@ a.announce-link:hover {
.twitter { .twitter {
color: #00acee; color: #00acee;
} }
/* Right to left languages */
code {
direction: ltr;
display: inline-block;
}
.md-content__inner h1 {
direction: ltr !important;
}
.illustration {
margin-top: 2em;
margin-bottom: 2em;
}

4
docs/en/docs/features.md

@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ With **FastAPI** you get all of **Starlette**'s features (as FastAPI is just Sta
* **WebSocket** support. * **WebSocket** support.
* In-process background tasks. * In-process background tasks.
* Startup and shutdown events. * Startup and shutdown events.
* Test client built on `requests`. * Test client built on HTTPX.
* **CORS**, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses. * **CORS**, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
* **Session and Cookie** support. * **Session and Cookie** support.
* 100% test coverage. * 100% test coverage.
@ -195,6 +195,6 @@ With **FastAPI** you get all of **Pydantic**'s features (as FastAPI is based on
* Use of hierarchical Pydantic models, Python `typing`’s `List` and `Dict`, etc. * Use of hierarchical Pydantic models, Python `typing`’s `List` and `Dict`, etc.
* And validators allow complex data schemas to be clearly and easily defined, checked and documented as JSON Schema. * And validators allow complex data schemas to be clearly and easily defined, checked and documented as JSON Schema.
* You can have deeply **nested JSON** objects and have them all validated and annotated. * You can have deeply **nested JSON** objects and have them all validated and annotated.
* **Extendible**: * **Extensible**:
* Pydantic allows custom data types to be defined or you can extend validation with methods on a model decorated with the validator decorator. * Pydantic allows custom data types to be defined or you can extend validation with methods on a model decorated with the validator decorator.
* 100% test coverage. * 100% test coverage.

114
docs/en/docs/help-fastapi.md

@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ You can:
* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Follow me on **GitHub**</a>. * <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Follow me on **GitHub**</a>.
* See other Open Source projects I have created that could help you. * See other Open Source projects I have created that could help you.
* Follow me to see when I create a new Open Source project. * Follow me to see when I create a new Open Source project.
* <a href="https://twitter.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Follow me on **Twitter**</a>. * <a href="https://twitter.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Follow me on **Twitter**</a> or <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Mastodon</a>.
* Tell me how you use FastAPI (I love to hear that). * Tell me how you use FastAPI (I love to hear that).
* Hear when I make announcements or release new tools. * Hear when I make announcements or release new tools.
* You can also <a href="https://twitter.com/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">follow @fastapi on Twitter</a> (a separate account). * You can also <a href="https://twitter.com/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">follow @fastapi on Twitter</a> (a separate account).
@ -67,13 +67,54 @@ I love to hear about how **FastAPI** is being used, what you have liked in it, i
* <a href="https://www.slant.co/options/34241/~fastapi-review" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in Slant</a>. * <a href="https://www.slant.co/options/34241/~fastapi-review" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in Slant</a>.
* <a href="https://alternativeto.net/software/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in AlternativeTo</a>. * <a href="https://alternativeto.net/software/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in AlternativeTo</a>.
* <a href="https://stackshare.io/pypi-fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Say you use **FastAPI** on StackShare</a>.
## Help others with issues in GitHub ## Help others with issues in GitHub
You can see <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues" class="external-link" target="_blank">existing issues</a> and try and help others, most of the times they are questions that you might already know the answer for. 🤓 You can see <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues" class="external-link" target="_blank">existing issues</a> and try and help others, most of the times those issues are questions that you might already know the answer for. 🤓
If you are helping a lot of people with issues, you might become an official [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉 If you are helping a lot of people with issues, you might become an official [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉
Just remember, the most important point is: try to be kind. People come with their frustrations and in many cases don't ask in the best way, but try as best as you can to be kind. 🤗
The idea is for the **FastAPI** community to be kind and welcoming. At the same time, don't accept bullying or disrespectful behavior towards others. We have to take care of each other.
---
Here's how to help others with issues:
### Understand the question
* Check if you can understand what is the **purpose** and use case of the person asking.
* Then check if the question (the vast majority are questions) is **clear**.
* In many cases the question asked is about an imaginary solution from the user, but there might be a **better** one. If you can understand the problem and use case better, you might be able to suggest a better **alternative solution**.
* If you can't understand the question, ask for more **details**.
### Reproduce the problem
For most of the cases and most of the questions there's something related to the person's **original code**.
In many cases they will only copy a fragment of the code, but that's not enough to **reproduce the problem**.
* You can ask them to provide a <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example" class="external-link" target="_blank">minimal, reproducible, example</a>, that you can **copy-paste** and run locally to see the same error or behavior they are seeing, or to understand their use case better.
* If you are feeling too generous, you can try to **create an example** like that yourself, just based on the description of the problem. Just have in mind that this might take a lot of time and it might be better to ask them to clarify the problem first.
### Suggest solutions
* After being able to understand the question, you can give them a possible **answer**.
* In many cases, it's better to understand their **underlying problem or use case**, because there might be a better way to solve it than what they are trying to do.
### Ask to close
If they reply, there's a high chance you would have solved their problem, congrats, **you're a hero**! 🦸
* Now you can ask them, if that solved their problem, to **close the issue**.
## Watch the GitHub repository ## Watch the GitHub repository
You can "watch" FastAPI in GitHub (clicking the "watch" button at the top right): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>. 👀 You can "watch" FastAPI in GitHub (clicking the "watch" button at the top right): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>. 👀
@ -91,6 +132,57 @@ You can <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/new/choose" class="e
**Note**: if you create an issue, then I'm going to ask you to also help others. 😉 **Note**: if you create an issue, then I'm going to ask you to also help others. 😉
## Review Pull Requests
You can help me review pull requests from others.
Again, please try your best to be kind. 🤗
---
Here's what to have in mind and how to review a pull request:
### Understand the problem
* First, make sure you **understand the problem** that the pull request is trying to solve. It might have a longer discussion in an issue.
* There's also a good chance that the pull request is not actually needed because the problem can be solved in a **different way**. Then you can suggest or ask about that.
### Don't worry about style
* Don't worry too much about things like commit message styles, I will squash and merge customizing the commit manually.
* Also don't worry about style rules, there are already automatized tools checking that.
And if there's any other style or consistency need, I'll ask directly for that, or I'll add commits on top with the needed changes.
### Check the code
* Check and read the code, see if it makes sense, **run it locally** and see if it actually solves the problem.
* Then **comment** saying that you did that, that's how I will know you really checked it.
!!! info
Unfortunately, I can't simply trust PRs that just have several approvals.
Several times it has happened that there are PRs with 3, 5 or more approvals, probably because the description is appealing, but when I check the PRs, they are actually broken, have a bug, or don't solve the problem they claim to solve. 😅
So, it's really important that you actually read and run the code, and let me know in the comments that you did. 🤓
* If the PR can be simplified in a way, you can ask for that, but there's no need to be too picky, there might be a lot of subjective points of view (and I will have my own as well 🙈), so it's better if you can focus on the fundamental things.
### Tests
* Help me check that the PR has **tests**.
* Check that the tests **fail** before the PR. 🚨
* Then check that the tests **pass** after the PR. ✅
* Many PRs don't have tests, you can **remind** them to add tests, or you can even **suggest** some tests yourself. That's one of the things that consume most time and you can help a lot with that.
* Then also comment what you tried, that way I'll know that you checked it. 🤓
## Create a Pull Request ## Create a Pull Request
You can [contribute](contributing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to the source code with Pull Requests, for example: You can [contribute](contributing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to the source code with Pull Requests, for example:
@ -102,7 +194,25 @@ You can [contribute](contributing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to the sourc
* You can also help to review the translations created by others. * You can also help to review the translations created by others.
* To propose new documentation sections. * To propose new documentation sections.
* To fix an existing issue/bug. * To fix an existing issue/bug.
* Make sure to add tests.
* To add a new feature. * To add a new feature.
* Make sure to add tests.
* Make sure to add documentation if it's relevant.
## Help Maintain FastAPI
Help me maintain **FastAPI**! 🤓
There's a lot of work to do, and for most of it, **YOU** can do it.
The main tasks that you can do right now are:
* [Help others with issues in GitHub](#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} (see the section above).
* [Review Pull Requests](#review-pull-requests){.internal-link target=_blank} (see the section above).
Those two tasks are what **consume time the most**. That's the main work of maintaining FastAPI.
If you can help me with that, **you are helping me maintain FastAPI** and making sure it keeps **advancing faster and better**. 🚀
## Join the chat ## Join the chat

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docs/en/docs/index.md

@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
<a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster" target="_blank"> <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster" target="_blank">
<img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/workflows/Test/badge.svg?event=push&branch=master" alt="Test"> <img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/workflows/Test/badge.svg?event=push&branch=master" alt="Test">
</a> </a>
<a href="https://codecov.io/gh/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank"> <a href="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/tiangolo/fastapi?color=%2334D058" alt="Coverage"> <img src="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Coverage">
</a> </a>
<a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank"> <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
@ -27,12 +27,11 @@
--- ---
FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.7+ based on standard Python type hints.
The key features are: The key features are:
* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. *
* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * * **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging. * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be
## Requirements ## Requirements
Python 3.6+ Python 3.7+
FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
</div> </div>
You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>. You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
@ -326,7 +325,7 @@ You do that with standard modern Python types.
You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc.
Just standard **Python 3.6+**. Just standard **Python 3.7+**.
For example, for an `int`: For example, for an `int`:
@ -425,7 +424,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
* **GraphQL** integration with <a href="https://strawberry.rocks" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a> and other libraries. * **GraphQL** integration with <a href="https://strawberry.rocks" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a> and other libraries.
* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
* **WebSockets** * **WebSockets**
* extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
* **CORS** * **CORS**
* **Cookie Sessions** * **Cookie Sessions**
* ...and more. * ...and more.
@ -445,7 +444,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
Used by Starlette: Used by Starlette:
* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. * <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
* <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`. * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
* <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

10
docs/en/docs/python-types.md

@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ The syntax using `typing` is **compatible** with all versions, from Python 3.6 t
As Python advances, **newer versions** come with improved support for these type annotations and in many cases you won't even need to import and use the `typing` module to declare the type annotations. As Python advances, **newer versions** come with improved support for these type annotations and in many cases you won't even need to import and use the `typing` module to declare the type annotations.
If you can chose a more recent version of Python for your project, you will be able to take advantage of that extra simplicity. See some examples below. If you can choose a more recent version of Python for your project, you will be able to take advantage of that extra simplicity. See some examples below.
#### List #### List
@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ You can declare that a variable can be any of **several types**, for example, an
In Python 3.6 and above (including Python 3.10) you can use the `Union` type from `typing` and put inside the square brackets the possible types to accept. In Python 3.6 and above (including Python 3.10) you can use the `Union` type from `typing` and put inside the square brackets the possible types to accept.
In Python 3.10 there's also an **alternative syntax** were you can put the possible types separated by a <abbr title='also called "bitwise or operator", but that meaning is not relevant here'>vertical bar (`|`)</abbr>. In Python 3.10 there's also an **alternative syntax** where you can put the possible types separated by a <abbr title='also called "bitwise or operator", but that meaning is not relevant here'>vertical bar (`|`)</abbr>.
=== "Python 3.6 and above" === "Python 3.6 and above"
@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ If you are using a Python version below 3.10, here's a tip from my very **subjec
Both are equivalent and underneath they are the same, but I would recommend `Union` instead of `Optional` because the word "**optional**" would seem to imply that the value is optional, and it actually means "it can be `None`", even if it's not optional and is still required. Both are equivalent and underneath they are the same, but I would recommend `Union` instead of `Optional` because the word "**optional**" would seem to imply that the value is optional, and it actually means "it can be `None`", even if it's not optional and is still required.
I think `Union[str, SomeType]` is more explicit about what it means. I think `Union[SomeType, None]` is more explicit about what it means.
It's just about the words and names. But those words can affect how you and your teammates think about the code. It's just about the words and names. But those words can affect how you and your teammates think about the code.
@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ These types that take type parameters in square brackets are called **Generic ty
=== "Python 3.9 and above" === "Python 3.9 and above"
You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brakets and types inside): You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brackets and types inside):
* `list` * `list`
* `tuple` * `tuple`
@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ These types that take type parameters in square brackets are called **Generic ty
=== "Python 3.10 and above" === "Python 3.10 and above"
You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brakets and types inside): You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brackets and types inside):
* `list` * `list`
* `tuple` * `tuple`

419
docs/en/docs/release-notes.md

@ -2,6 +2,425 @@
## Latest Changes ## Latest Changes
* ⬆ Bump nwtgck/actions-netlify from 1.2.4 to 2.0.0. PR [#5757](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5757) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* 👷 Refactor CI artifact upload/download for docs previews. PR [#5793](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5793) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* ⬆ Bump pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish from 1.5.1 to 1.5.2. PR [#5714](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5714) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5722](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5722) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
* 🔧 Update sponsors, disable course bundle. PR [#5713](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5713) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* ⬆ Update typer[all] requirement from <0.7.0,>=0.6.1 to >=0.6.1,<0.8.0. PR [#5639](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5639) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
## 0.88.0
### Upgrades
* ⬆ Bump Starlette to version `0.22.0` to fix bad encoding for query parameters in new `TestClient`. PR [#5659](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5659) by [@azogue](https://github.com/azogue).
### Docs
* ✏️ Fix typo in docs for `docs/en/docs/advanced/middleware.md`. PR [#5376](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5376) by [@rifatrakib](https://github.com/rifatrakib).
### Translations
* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/deployment/docker.md`. PR [#5663](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5663) by [@ayr-ton](https://github.com/ayr-ton).
### Internal
* 👷 Tweak build-docs to improve CI performance. PR [#5699](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5699) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5566](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5566) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
* ⬆️ Upgrade Ruff. PR [#5698](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5698) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 👷 Remove pip cache for Smokeshow as it depends on a requirements.txt. PR [#5700](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5700) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 💚 Fix pip cache for Smokeshow. PR [#5697](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5697) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 👷 Fix and tweak CI cache handling. PR [#5696](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5696) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 👷 Update `setup-python` action in tests to use new caching feature. PR [#5680](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5680) by [@madkinsz](https://github.com/madkinsz).
* ⬆ Bump black from 22.8.0 to 22.10.0. PR [#5569](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5569) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
## 0.87.0
Highlights of this release:
* [Upgraded Starlette](https://github.com/encode/starlette/releases/tag/0.21.0)
* Now the `TestClient` is based on HTTPX instead of Requests. 🚀
* There are some possible **breaking changes** in the `TestClient` usage, but [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex) built [bump-testclient](https://github.com/Kludex/bump-testclient) to help you automatize migrating your tests. Make sure you are using Git and that you can undo any unnecessary changes (false positive changes, etc) before using `bump-testclient`.
* New [WebSocketException (and docs)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/#using-depends-and-others), re-exported from Starlette.
* Upgraded and relaxed dependencies for package extras `all` (including new Uvicorn version), when you install `"fastapi[all]"`.
* New docs about how to [**Help Maintain FastAPI**](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/#help-maintain-fastapi).
### Features
* ⬆️ Upgrade and relax dependencies for extras "all". PR [#5634](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5634) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* ✨ Re-export Starlette's `WebSocketException` and add it to docs. PR [#5629](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5629) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 📝 Update references to Requests for tests to HTTPX, and add HTTPX to extras. PR [#5628](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5628) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* ⬆ Upgrade Starlette to `0.21.0`, including the new [`TestClient` based on HTTPX](https://github.com/encode/starlette/releases/tag/0.21.0). PR [#5471](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5471) by [@pawelrubin](https://github.com/pawelrubin).
### Docs
* ✏️ Tweak Help FastAPI from PR review after merging. PR [#5633](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5633) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* ✏️ Clarify docs on CORS. PR [#5627](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5627) by [@paxcodes](https://github.com/paxcodes).
* 📝 Update Help FastAPI: Help Maintain FastAPI. PR [#5632](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5632) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
### Translations
* 🌐 Fix highlight lines for Japanese translation for `docs/tutorial/query-params.md`. PR [#2969](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2969) by [@ftnext](https://github.com/ftnext).
* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/advanced/additional-status-code.md`. PR [#5477](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5477) by [@axel584](https://github.com/axel584).
* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md`. PR [#5579](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5579) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes).
* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/advanced/websockets.md`. PR [#4983](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4983) by [@xryuseix](https://github.com/xryuseix).
### Internal
* ✨ Use Ruff for linting. PR [#5630](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5630) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🛠 Add Arabic issue number to Notify Translations GitHub Action. PR [#5610](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5610) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.24.1 to 2.24.2. PR [#5609](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5609) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.24.0 to 2.24.1. PR [#5603](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5603) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* 📝 Update coverage badge to use Samuel Colvin's Smokeshow. PR [#5585](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5585) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
## 0.86.0
### Features
* ⬆ Add Python 3.11 to the officially supported versions. PR [#5587](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5587) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* ✅ Enable tests for Python 3.11. PR [#4881](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4881) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
### Fixes
* 🐛 Close FormData (uploaded files) after the request is done. PR [#5465](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5465) by [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb).
### Docs
* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md`. PR [#5584](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5584) by [@vivekashok1221](https://github.com/vivekashok1221).
### Translations
* 🌐 Update wording in Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#5416](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5416) by [@supercaizehua](https://github.com/supercaizehua).
* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/deployment/index.md`. PR [#5336](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5336) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus).
* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md`. PR [#3846](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3846) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776).
### Internal
* 👷 Update FastAPI People to exclude bots: pre-commit-ci, dependabot. PR [#5586](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5586) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🎨 Format OpenAPI JSON in `test_starlette_exception.py`. PR [#5379](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5379) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen).
* 👷 Switch from Codecov to Smokeshow plus pytest-cov to pure coverage for internal tests. PR [#5583](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5583) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5571](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5571) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
## 0.85.2
### Docs
* ✏ Fix grammar and add helpful links to dependencies in `docs/en/docs/async.md`. PR [#5432](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5432) by [@pamelafox](https://github.com/pamelafox).
* ✏ Fix broken link in `alternatives.md`. PR [#5455](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5455) by [@su-shubham](https://github.com/su-shubham).
* ✏ Fix typo in docs about contributing, for compatibility with `pip` in Zsh. PR [#5523](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5523) by [@zhangbo2012](https://github.com/zhangbo2012).
* 📝 Fix typo in docs with examples for Python 3.10 instead of 3.9. PR [#5545](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5545) by [@feliciss](https://github.com/feliciss).
### Translations
* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md`. PR [#4934](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4934) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes).
* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md`. PR [#4971](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4971) by [@Zssaer](https://github.com/Zssaer).
* 🌐 Add French translation for `deployment/deta.md`. PR [#3692](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3692) by [@rjNemo](https://github.com/rjNemo).
* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md`. PR [#5255](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5255) by [@hjlarry](https://github.com/hjlarry).
* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md`. PR [#4999](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4999) by [@Zssaer](https://github.com/Zssaer).
* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/wsgi.md`. PR [#4505](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4505) by [@ASpathfinder](https://github.com/ASpathfinder).
* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md`. PR [#4111](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4111) by [@lbmendes](https://github.com/lbmendes).
* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md`. PR [#4099](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4099) by [@lbmendes](https://github.com/lbmendes).
* 🌐 Add French translation for `deployment/versions.md`. PR [#3690](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3690) by [@rjNemo](https://github.com/rjNemo).
* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/help-fastapi.md`. PR [#2233](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2233) by [@JulianMaurin](https://github.com/JulianMaurin).
* 🌐 Fix typo in Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md`. PR [#5530](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5530) by [@yuki1sntSnow](https://github.com/yuki1sntSnow).
* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md`. PR [#4922](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4922) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes).
* 🔧 Add config for Tamil translations. PR [#5563](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5563) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
### Internal
* ⬆ Bump internal dependency mypy from 0.971 to 0.982. PR [#5541](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5541) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* ⬆ Bump nwtgck/actions-netlify from 1.2.3 to 1.2.4. PR [#5507](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5507) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* ⬆ Bump internal dependency types-ujson from 5.4.0 to 5.5.0. PR [#5537](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5537) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.23.0 to 2.24.0. PR [#5508](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5508) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* ⬆ Update internal dependency pytest-cov requirement from <4.0.0,>=2.12.0 to >=2.12.0,<5.0.0. PR [#5539](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5539) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5536](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5536) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
* 🐛 Fix internal Trio test warnings. PR [#5547](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5547) by [@samuelcolvin](https://github.com/samuelcolvin).
* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5408](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5408) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
* ⬆️ Upgrade Typer to include Rich in scripts for docs. PR [#5502](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5502) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🐛 Fix calling `mkdocs` for languages as a subprocess to fix/enable MkDocs Material search plugin. PR [#5501](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5501) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
## 0.85.1
### Fixes
* 🐛 Fix support for strings in OpenAPI status codes: `default`, `1XX`, `2XX`, `3XX`, `4XX`, `5XX`. PR [#5187](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5187) by [@JarroVGIT](https://github.com/JarroVGIT).
### Docs
* 📝 Add WayScript x FastAPI Tutorial to External Links section. PR [#5407](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5407) by [@moneeka](https://github.com/moneeka).
### Internal
* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5447](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5447) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
* 🔧 Disable Material for MkDocs search plugin. PR [#5495](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5495) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🔇 Ignore Trio warning in tests for CI. PR [#5483](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5483) by [@samuelcolvin](https://github.com/samuelcolvin).
## 0.85.0
### Features
* ⬆ Upgrade version required of Starlette from `0.19.1` to `0.20.4`. Initial PR [#4820](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4820) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex).
* This includes several bug fixes in Starlette.
* ⬆️ Upgrade Uvicorn max version in public extras: all. From `>=0.12.0,<0.18.0` to `>=0.12.0,<0.19.0`. PR [#5401](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5401) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
### Internal
* ⬆️ Upgrade dependencies for doc and dev internal extras: Typer, Uvicorn. PR [#5400](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5400) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* ⬆️ Upgrade test dependencies: Black, HTTPX, databases, types-ujson. PR [#5399](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5399) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* ⬆️ Upgrade mypy and tweak internal type annotations. PR [#5398](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5398) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🔧 Update test dependencies, upgrade Pytest, move dependencies from dev to test. PR [#5396](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5396) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
## 0.84.0
### Breaking Changes
This version of FastAPI drops support for Python 3.6. 🔥 Please upgrade to a supported version of Python (3.7 or above), Python 3.6 reached the end-of-life a long time ago. 😅☠
* 🔧 Update package metadata, drop support for Python 3.6, move build internals from Flit to Hatch. PR [#5240](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5240) by [@ofek](https://github.com/ofek).
## 0.83.0
🚨 This is probably the last release (or one of the last releases) to support Python 3.6. 🔥
Python 3.6 reached the [end-of-life and is no longer supported by Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3615/) since around a year ago.
You hopefully updated to a supported version of Python a while ago. If you haven't, you really should.
### Features
* ✨ Add support in `jsonable_encoder` for include and exclude with dataclasses. PR [#4923](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4923) by [@DCsunset](https://github.com/DCsunset).
### Fixes
* 🐛 Fix `RuntimeError` raised when `HTTPException` has a status code with no content. PR [#5365](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5365) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen).
* 🐛 Fix empty reponse body when default `status_code` is empty but the a `Response` parameter with `response.status_code` is set. PR [#5360](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5360) by [@tmeckel](https://github.com/tmeckel).
### Docs
* 📝 Update `SECURITY.md`. PR [#5377](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5377) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex).
### Internal
* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5352](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5352) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
## 0.82.0
🚨 This is probably the last release (or one of the last releases) to support Python 3.6. 🔥
Python 3.6 reached the [end-of-life and is no longer supported by Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3615/) since around a year ago.
You hopefully updated to a supported version of Python a while ago. If you haven't, you really should.
### Features
* ✨ Export `WebSocketState` in `fastapi.websockets`. PR [#4376](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4376) by [@matiuszka](https://github.com/matiuszka).
* ✨ Support Python internal description on Pydantic model's docstring. PR [#3032](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3032) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex).
* ✨ Update `ORJSONResponse` to support non `str` keys and serializing Numpy arrays. PR [#3892](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3892) by [@baby5](https://github.com/baby5).
### Fixes
* 🐛 Allow exit code for dependencies with `yield` to always execute, by removing capacity limiter for them, to e.g. allow closing DB connections without deadlocks. PR [#5122](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5122) by [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb).
* 🐛 Fix FastAPI People GitHub Action: set HTTPX timeout for GraphQL query request. PR [#5222](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5222) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen).
* 🐛 Make sure a parameter defined as required is kept required in OpenAPI even if defined as optional in another dependency. PR [#4319](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4319) by [@cd17822](https://github.com/cd17822).
* 🐛 Fix support for path parameters in WebSockets. PR [#3879](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3879) by [@davidbrochart](https://github.com/davidbrochart).
### Docs
* ✏ Update Hypercorn link, now pointing to GitHub. PR [#5346](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5346) by [@baconfield](https://github.com/baconfield).
* ✏ Tweak wording in `docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md`. PR [#3698](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3698) by [@pfackeldey](https://github.com/pfackeldey).
* 📝 Add note about Python 3.10 `X | Y` operator in explanation about Response Models. PR [#5307](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5307) by [@MendyLanda](https://github.com/MendyLanda).
* 📝 Add link to New Relic article: "How to monitor FastAPI application performance using Python agent". PR [#5260](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5260) by [@sjyothi54](https://github.com/sjyothi54).
* 📝 Update docs for `ORJSONResponse` with details about improving performance. PR [#2615](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2615) by [@falkben](https://github.com/falkben).
* 📝 Add docs for creating a custom Response class. PR [#5331](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5331) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 📝 Add tip about using alias for form data fields. PR [#5329](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5329) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
### Translations
* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/features.md`. PR [#5315](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5315) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus).
* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md`. PR [#4529](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4529) by [@ASpathfinder](https://github.com/ASpathfinder).
* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md`. PR [#4969](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4969) by [@Zssaer](https://github.com/Zssaer).
* 🌐 Fix MkDocs file line for Portuguese translation of `background-task.md`. PR [#5242](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5242) by [@ComicShrimp](https://github.com/ComicShrimp).
### Internal
* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5347](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5347) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.22.0 to 2.23.0. PR [#5321](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5321) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5318](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5318) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
* ✏ Fix a small code highlight line error. PR [#5256](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5256) by [@hjlarry](https://github.com/hjlarry).
* ♻ Internal small refactor, move `operation_id` parameter position in delete method for consistency with the code. PR [#4474](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4474) by [@hiel](https://github.com/hiel).
* 🔧 Update sponsors, disable ImgWhale. PR [#5338](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5338) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
## 0.81.0
### Features
* ✨ Add ReDoc `<noscript>` warning when JS is disabled. PR [#5074](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5074) by [@evroon](https://github.com/evroon).
* ✨ Add support for `FrozenSet` in parameters (e.g. query). PR [#2938](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2938) by [@juntatalor](https://github.com/juntatalor).
* ✨ Allow custom middlewares to raise `HTTPException`s and propagate them. PR [#2036](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2036) by [@ghandic](https://github.com/ghandic).
* ✨ Preserve `json.JSONDecodeError` information when handling invalid JSON in request body, to support custom exception handlers that use its information. PR [#4057](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4057) by [@UKnowWhoIm](https://github.com/UKnowWhoIm).
### Fixes
* 🐛 Fix `jsonable_encoder` for dataclasses with pydantic-compatible fields. PR [#3607](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3607) by [@himbeles](https://github.com/himbeles).
* 🐛 Fix support for extending `openapi_extras` with parameter lists. PR [#4267](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4267) by [@orilevari](https://github.com/orilevari).
### Docs
* ✏ Fix a simple typo in `docs/en/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#5193](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5193) by [@GlitchingCore](https://github.com/GlitchingCore).
* ✏ Fix typos in `tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py`. PR [#5126](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5126) by [@supraaxdd](https://github.com/supraaxdd).
* ✏ Fix typos in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md`. PR [#5142](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5142) by [@invisibleroads](https://github.com/invisibleroads).
* 📝 Add step about upgrading pip in the venv to avoid errors when installing dependencies `docs/en/docs/contributing.md`. PR [#5181](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5181) by [@edisnake](https://github.com/edisnake).
* ✏ Reword and clarify text in tutorial `docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md`. PR [#5169](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5169) by [@papb](https://github.com/papb).
* ✏ Fix minor typo in `docs/en/docs/features.md`. PR [#5206](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5206) by [@OtherBarry](https://github.com/OtherBarry).
* ✏ Fix minor typos in `docs/en/docs/async.md`. PR [#5125](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5125) by [@Ksenofanex](https://github.com/Ksenofanex).
* 📝 Add external link to docs: "Fastapi, Docker(Docker compose) and Postgres". PR [#5033](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5033) by [@krishnardt](https://github.com/krishnardt).
* 📝 Simplify example for docs for Additional Responses, remove unnecessary `else`. PR [#4693](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4693) by [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb).
* 📝 Update docs, compare enums with identity instead of equality. PR [#4905](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4905) by [@MicaelJarniac](https://github.com/MicaelJarniac).
* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#4886](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4886) by [@MicaelJarniac](https://github.com/MicaelJarniac).
* 🎨 Fix syntax highlighting in docs for OpenAPI Callbacks. PR [#4368](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4368) by [@xncbf](https://github.com/xncbf).
* ✏ Reword confusing sentence in docs file `typo-fix-path-params-numeric-validations.md`. PR [#3219](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3219) by [@ccrenfroe](https://github.com/ccrenfroe).
* 📝 Update docs for handling HTTP Basic Auth with `secrets.compare_digest()` to account for non-ASCII characters. PR [#3536](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3536) by [@lewoudar](https://github.com/lewoudar).
* 📝 Update docs for testing, fix examples with relative imports. PR [#5302](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5302) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
### Translations
* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/index.md`. PR [#5289](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5289) by [@impocode](https://github.com/impocode).
* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/deployment/versions.md`. PR [#4985](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4985) by [@emp7yhead](https://github.com/emp7yhead).
* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/header-params.md`. PR [#4921](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4921) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes).
* 🌐 Update `ko/mkdocs.yml` for a missing link. PR [#5020](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5020) by [@dalinaum](https://github.com/dalinaum).
### Internal
* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.21.1 to 2.22.0. PR [#5258](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5258) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5196](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5196) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
* 🔥 Delete duplicated tests in `tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases/test_sql_databases.py`. PR [#5040](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5040) by [@raccoonyy](https://github.com/raccoonyy).
* ♻ Simplify internal RegEx in `fastapi/utils.py`. PR [#5057](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5057) by [@pylounge](https://github.com/pylounge).
* 🔧 Fix Type hint of `auto_error` which does not need to be `Optional[bool]`. PR [#4933](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4933) by [@DavidKimDY](https://github.com/DavidKimDY).
* 🔧 Update mypy config, use `strict = true` instead of manual configs. PR [#4605](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4605) by [@michaeloliverx](https://github.com/michaeloliverx).
* ♻ Change a `dict()` for `{}` in `fastapi/utils.py`. PR [#3138](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3138) by [@ShahriyarR](https://github.com/ShahriyarR).
* ♻ Move internal variable for errors in `jsonable_encoder` to put related code closer. PR [#4560](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4560) by [@GuilleQP](https://github.com/GuilleQP).
* ♻ Simplify conditional assignment in `fastapi/dependencies/utils.py`. PR [#4597](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4597) by [@cikay](https://github.com/cikay).
* ⬆ Upgrade version pin accepted for Flake8, for internal code, to `flake8 >=3.8.3,<6.0.0`. PR [#4097](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4097) by [@jamescurtin](https://github.com/jamescurtin).
* 🍱 Update Jina banner, fix typo. PR [#5301](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5301) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
## 0.80.0
### Breaking Changes - Fixes
* 🐛 Fix `response_model` not invalidating `None`. PR [#2725](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2725) by [@hukkin](https://github.com/hukkin).
If you are using `response_model` with some type that doesn't include `None` but the function is returning `None`, it will now raise an internal server error, because you are returning invalid data that violates the contract in `response_model`. Before this release it would allow breaking that contract returning `None`.
For example, if you have an app like this:
```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: Optional[float] = None
owner_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/items/invalidnone", response_model=Item)
def get_invalid_none():
return None
```
...calling the path `/items/invalidnone` will raise an error, because `None` is not a valid type for the `response_model` declared with `Item`.
You could also be implicitly returning `None` without realizing, for example:
```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: Optional[float] = None
owner_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/items/invalidnone", response_model=Item)
def get_invalid_none():
if flag:
return {"name": "foo"}
# if flag is False, at this point the function will implicitly return None
```
If you have *path operations* using `response_model` that need to be allowed to return `None`, make it explicit in `response_model` using `Union[Something, None]`:
```Python
from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: Optional[float] = None
owner_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/items/invalidnone", response_model=Union[Item, None])
def get_invalid_none():
return None
```
This way the data will be correctly validated, you won't have an internal server error, and the documentation will also reflect that this *path operation* could return `None` (or `null` in JSON).
### Fixes
* ⬆ Upgrade Swagger UI copy of `oauth2-redirect.html` to include fixes for flavors of authorization code flows in Swagger UI. PR [#3439](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3439) initial PR by [@koonpeng](https://github.com/koonpeng).
* ♻ Strip empty whitespace from description extracted from docstrings. PR [#2821](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2821) by [@and-semakin](https://github.com/and-semakin).
* 🐛 Fix cached dependencies when using a dependency in `Security()` and other places (e.g. `Depends()`) with different OAuth2 scopes. PR [#2945](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2945) by [@laggardkernel](https://github.com/laggardkernel).
* 🎨 Update type annotations for `response_model`, allow things like `Union[str, None]`. PR [#5294](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5294) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
### Translations
* 🌐 Fix typos in German translation for `docs/de/docs/features.md`. PR [#4533](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4533) by [@0xflotus](https://github.com/0xflotus).
* 🌐 Add missing navigator for `encoder.md` in Korean translation. PR [#5238](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5238) by [@joonas-yoon](https://github.com/joonas-yoon).
* (Empty PR merge by accident) [#4913](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4913).
## 0.79.1
### Fixes
* 🐛 Fix `jsonable_encoder` using `include` and `exclude` parameters for non-Pydantic objects. PR [#2606](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2606) by [@xaviml](https://github.com/xaviml).
* 🐛 Fix edge case with repeated aliases names not shown in OpenAPI. PR [#2351](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2351) by [@klaa97](https://github.com/klaa97).
* 📝 Add misc dependency installs to tutorial docs. PR [#2126](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2126) by [@TeoZosa](https://github.com/TeoZosa).
### Docs
* 📝 Add note giving credit for illustrations to [Ketrina Thompson](https://www.instagram.com/ketrinadrawsalot/). PR [#5284](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5284) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* ✏ Fix typo in `python-types.md`. PR [#5116](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5116) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex).
* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#5007](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5007) by [@atiabbz](https://github.com/atiabbz).
* 📝 Remove unneeded Django/Flask references from async topic intro. PR [#5280](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5280) by [@carltongibson](https://github.com/carltongibson).
* ✨ Add illustrations for Concurrent burgers and Parallel burgers. PR [#5277](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5277) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). Updated docs at: [Concurrency and Burgers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#concurrency-and-burgers).
### Translations
* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params.md`. PR [#4775](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4775) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes).
* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md`. PR [#4954](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4954) by [@FLAIR7](https://github.com/FLAIR7).
* 🌐 Add translation for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md`. PR [#4638](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4638) by [@zhangbo2012](https://github.com/zhangbo2012).
* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/deployment/index.md`. PR [#3689](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3689) by [@rjNemo](https://github.com/rjNemo).
* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `tutorial/handling-errors.md`. PR [#4769](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4769) by [@frnsimoes](https://github.com/frnsimoes).
* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/history-design-future.md`. PR [#3451](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3451) by [@rjNemo](https://github.com/rjNemo).
* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md`. PR [#4854](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4854) by [@AdmiralDesu](https://github.com/AdmiralDesu).
* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md`. PR [#3841](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3841) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776).
* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md`. PR [#4205](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4205) by [@sUeharaE4](https://github.com/sUeharaE4).
* 🌐 Add Indonesian translation for `docs/id/docs/tutorial/index.md`. PR [#4705](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4705) by [@bas-baskara](https://github.com/bas-baskara).
* 🌐 Add Persian translation for `docs/fa/docs/index.md` and tweak right-to-left CSS. PR [#2395](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2395) by [@mohsen-mahmoodi](https://github.com/mohsen-mahmoodi).
### Internal
* 🔧 Update Jina sponsorship. PR [#5283](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5283) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🔧 Update Jina sponsorship. PR [#5272](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5272) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🔧 Update sponsors, Striveworks badge. PR [#5179](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5179) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
## 0.79.0 ## 0.79.0

2
docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md

@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ You can define an attribute to be a subtype. For example, a Python `list`:
{!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001_py310.py!} {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001_py310.py!}
``` ```
This will make `tags` be a list of items. Although it doesn't declare the type of each of the items. This will make `tags` be a list, although it doesn't declare the type of the elements of the list.
## List fields with type parameter ## List fields with type parameter

2
docs/en/docs/tutorial/cors.md

@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ The following arguments are supported:
* `allow_origins` - A list of origins that should be permitted to make cross-origin requests. E.g. `['https://example.org', 'https://www.example.org']`. You can use `['*']` to allow any origin. * `allow_origins` - A list of origins that should be permitted to make cross-origin requests. E.g. `['https://example.org', 'https://www.example.org']`. You can use `['*']` to allow any origin.
* `allow_origin_regex` - A regex string to match against origins that should be permitted to make cross-origin requests. e.g. `'https://.*\.example\.org'`. * `allow_origin_regex` - A regex string to match against origins that should be permitted to make cross-origin requests. e.g. `'https://.*\.example\.org'`.
* `allow_methods` - A list of HTTP methods that should be allowed for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `['GET']`. You can use `['*']` to allow all standard methods. * `allow_methods` - A list of HTTP methods that should be allowed for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `['GET']`. You can use `['*']` to allow all standard methods.
* `allow_headers` - A list of HTTP request headers that should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `[]`. You can use `['*']` to allow all headers. The `Accept`, `Accept-Language`, `Content-Language` and `Content-Type` headers are always allowed for CORS requests. * `allow_headers` - A list of HTTP request headers that should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `[]`. You can use `['*']` to allow all headers. The `Accept`, `Accept-Language`, `Content-Language` and `Content-Type` headers are always allowed for <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS#simple_requests" class="external-link" rel="noopener" target="_blank">simple CORS requests</a>.
* `allow_credentials` - Indicate that cookies should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `False`. Also, `allow_origins` cannot be set to `['*']` for credentials to be allowed, origins must be specified. * `allow_credentials` - Indicate that cookies should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `False`. Also, `allow_origins` cannot be set to `['*']` for credentials to be allowed, origins must be specified.
* `expose_headers` - Indicate any response headers that should be made accessible to the browser. Defaults to `[]`. * `expose_headers` - Indicate any response headers that should be made accessible to the browser. Defaults to `[]`.
* `max_age` - Sets a maximum time in seconds for browsers to cache CORS responses. Defaults to `600`. * `max_age` - Sets a maximum time in seconds for browsers to cache CORS responses. Defaults to `600`.

8
docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# Path Parameters and Numeric Validations # Path Parameters and Numeric Validations
The same way you can declare more validations and metadata for query parameters with `Query`, you can declare the same type of validations and metadata for path parameters with `Path`. In the same way that you can declare more validations and metadata for query parameters with `Query`, you can declare the same type of validations and metadata for path parameters with `Path`.
## Import Path ## Import Path
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ Python won't do anything with that `*`, but it will know that all the following
## Number validations: greater than or equal ## Number validations: greater than or equal
With `Query` and `Path` (and other's you'll see later) you can declare string constraints, but also number constraints. With `Query` and `Path` (and others you'll see later) you can declare number constraints.
Here, with `ge=1`, `item_id` will need to be an integer number "`g`reater than or `e`qual" to `1`. Here, with `ge=1`, `item_id` will need to be an integer number "`g`reater than or `e`qual" to `1`.
@ -122,9 +122,9 @@ And you can also declare numeric validations:
* `le`: `l`ess than or `e`qual * `le`: `l`ess than or `e`qual
!!! info !!! info
`Query`, `Path`, and others you will see later are subclasses of a common `Param` class (that you don't need to use). `Query`, `Path`, and other classes you will see later are subclasses of a common `Param` class.
And all of them share the same all these same parameters of additional validation and metadata you have seen. All of them share the same parameters for additional validation and metadata you have seen.
!!! note "Technical Details" !!! note "Technical Details"
When you import `Query`, `Path` and others from `fastapi`, they are actually functions. When you import `Query`, `Path` and others from `fastapi`, they are actually functions.

2
docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md

@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ To do that, you can declare that `None` is a valid type but still use `default=.
=== "Python 3.6 and above" === "Python 3.6 and above"
```Python hl_lines="8" ```Python hl_lines="9"
{!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c.py!} {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c.py!}
``` ```

2
docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-files.md

@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ You can make a file optional by using standard type annotations and setting a de
{!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py!} {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py!}
``` ```
=== "Python 3.9 and above" === "Python 3.10 and above"
```Python hl_lines="7 14" ```Python hl_lines="7 14"
{!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py!} {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py!}

2
docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md

@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ For example, in one of the ways the OAuth2 specification can be used (called "pa
The <abbr title="specification">spec</abbr> requires the fields to be exactly named `username` and `password`, and to be sent as form fields, not JSON. The <abbr title="specification">spec</abbr> requires the fields to be exactly named `username` and `password`, and to be sent as form fields, not JSON.
With `Form` you can declare the same metadata and validation as with `Body` (and `Query`, `Path`, `Cookie`). With `Form` you can declare the same configurations as with `Body` (and `Query`, `Path`, `Cookie`), including validation, examples, an alias (e.g. `user-name` instead of `username`), etc.
!!! info !!! info
`Form` is a class that inherits directly from `Body`. `Form` is a class that inherits directly from `Body`.

8
docs/en/docs/tutorial/response-model.md

@ -61,6 +61,12 @@ Here we are declaring a `UserIn` model, it will contain a plaintext password:
{!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py!} {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py!}
``` ```
!!! info
To use `EmailStr`, first install <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" class="external-link" target="_blank">`email_validator`</a>.
E.g. `pip install email-validator`
or `pip install pydantic[email]`.
And we are using this model to declare our input and the same model to declare our output: And we are using this model to declare our input and the same model to declare our output:
=== "Python 3.6 and above" === "Python 3.6 and above"
@ -162,7 +168,7 @@ Your response model could have default values, like:
{!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py!} {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py!}
``` ```
* `description: Union[str, None] = None` has a default of `None`. * `description: Union[str, None] = None` (or `str | None = None` in Python 3.10) has a default of `None`.
* `tax: float = 10.5` has a default of `10.5`. * `tax: float = 10.5` has a default of `10.5`.
* `tags: List[str] = []` as a default of an empty list: `[]`. * `tags: List[str] = []` as a default of an empty list: `[]`.

2
docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md

@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Call the endpoint `/users/me/`, you will get the response as:
<img src="/img/tutorial/security/image09.png"> <img src="/img/tutorial/security/image09.png">
If you open the developer tools, you could see how the data sent and only includes the token, the password is only sent in the first request to authenticate the user and get that access token, but not afterwards: If you open the developer tools, you could see how the data sent only includes the token, the password is only sent in the first request to authenticate the user and get that access token, but not afterwards:
<img src="/img/tutorial/security/image10.png"> <img src="/img/tutorial/security/image10.png">

14
docs/en/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md

@ -80,6 +80,20 @@ The file `__init__.py` is just an empty file, but it tells Python that `sql_app`
Now let's see what each file/module does. Now let's see what each file/module does.
## Install `SQLAlchemy`
First you need to install `SQLAlchemy`:
<div class="termy">
```console
$ pip install sqlalchemy
---> 100%
```
</div>
## Create the SQLAlchemy parts ## Create the SQLAlchemy parts
Let's refer to the file `sql_app/database.py`. Let's refer to the file `sql_app/database.py`.

51
docs/en/docs/tutorial/testing.md

@ -2,19 +2,24 @@
Thanks to <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a>, testing **FastAPI** applications is easy and enjoyable. Thanks to <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a>, testing **FastAPI** applications is easy and enjoyable.
It is based on <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>, so it's very familiar and intuitive. It is based on <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>, which in turn is designed based on Requests, so it's very familiar and intuitive.
With it, you can use <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a> directly with **FastAPI**. With it, you can use <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a> directly with **FastAPI**.
## Using `TestClient` ## Using `TestClient`
!!! info
To use `TestClient`, first install <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">`httpx`</a>.
E.g. `pip install httpx`.
Import `TestClient`. Import `TestClient`.
Create a `TestClient` by passing your **FastAPI** application to it. Create a `TestClient` by passing your **FastAPI** application to it.
Create functions with a name that starts with `test_` (this is standard `pytest` conventions). Create functions with a name that starts with `test_` (this is standard `pytest` conventions).
Use the `TestClient` object the same way as you do with `requests`. Use the `TestClient` object the same way as you do with `httpx`.
Write simple `assert` statements with the standard Python expressions that you need to check (again, standard `pytest`). Write simple `assert` statements with the standard Python expressions that you need to check (again, standard `pytest`).
@ -45,7 +50,17 @@ And your **FastAPI** application might also be composed of several files/modules
### **FastAPI** app file ### **FastAPI** app file
Let's say you have a file `main.py` with your **FastAPI** app: Let's say you have a file structure as described in [Bigger Applications](./bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}:
```
.
├── app
│   ├── __init__.py
│   └── main.py
```
In the file `main.py` you have your **FastAPI** app:
```Python ```Python
{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/main.py!} {!../../../docs_src/app_testing/main.py!}
@ -53,18 +68,40 @@ Let's say you have a file `main.py` with your **FastAPI** app:
### Testing file ### Testing file
Then you could have a file `test_main.py` with your tests, and import your `app` from the `main` module (`main.py`): Then you could have a file `test_main.py` with your tests. It could live on the same Python package (the same directory with a `__init__.py` file):
```Python ``` hl_lines="5"
.
├── app
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── main.py
│   └── test_main.py
```
Because this file is in the same package, you can use relative imports to import the object `app` from the `main` module (`main.py`):
```Python hl_lines="3"
{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/test_main.py!} {!../../../docs_src/app_testing/test_main.py!}
``` ```
...and have the code for the tests just like before.
## Testing: extended example ## Testing: extended example
Now let's extend this example and add more details to see how to test different parts. Now let's extend this example and add more details to see how to test different parts.
### Extended **FastAPI** app file ### Extended **FastAPI** app file
Let's continue with the same file structure as before:
```
.
├── app
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── main.py
│   └── test_main.py
```
Let's say that now the file `main.py` with your **FastAPI** app has some other **path operations**. Let's say that now the file `main.py` with your **FastAPI** app has some other **path operations**.
It has a `GET` operation that could return an error. It has a `GET` operation that could return an error.
@ -93,7 +130,7 @@ You could then update `test_main.py` with the extended tests:
{!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py!} {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py!}
``` ```
Whenever you need the client to pass information in the request and you don't know how to, you can search (Google) how to do it in `requests`. Whenever you need the client to pass information in the request and you don't know how to, you can search (Google) how to do it in `httpx`, or even how to do it with `requests`, as HTTPX's design is based on Requests' design.
Then you just do the same in your tests. Then you just do the same in your tests.
@ -105,7 +142,7 @@ E.g.:
* To pass *headers*, use a `dict` in the `headers` parameter. * To pass *headers*, use a `dict` in the `headers` parameter.
* For *cookies*, a `dict` in the `cookies` parameter. * For *cookies*, a `dict` in the `cookies` parameter.
For more information about how to pass data to the backend (using `requests` or the `TestClient`) check the <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests documentation</a>. For more information about how to pass data to the backend (using `httpx` or the `TestClient`) check the <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX documentation</a>.
!!! info !!! info
Note that the `TestClient` receives data that can be converted to JSON, not Pydantic models. Note that the `TestClient` receives data that can be converted to JSON, not Pydantic models.

2
docs/en/mkdocs.yml

@ -182,6 +182,8 @@ markdown_extensions:
format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format ''
- pymdownx.tabbed: - pymdownx.tabbed:
alternate_style: true alternate_style: true
- attr_list
- md_in_html
extra: extra:
analytics: analytics:
provider: google provider: google

18
docs/en/overrides/main.html

@ -23,15 +23,9 @@
</div> </div>
<div id="announce-right" style="position: relative;"> <div id="announce-right" style="position: relative;">
<div class="item"> <div class="item">
<a title="Get three courses at 10% off their current prices! Plus, we'll be donating 10% of all profits from sales of this bundle to the FastAPI team." style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://testdriven.io/talkpython/" target="_blank"> <a title="The data structure for unstructured multimodal data" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://bit.ly/3AcNTYL" target="_blank">
<span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span> <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
<img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/fastapi-course-bundle-banner.png" /> <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/docarray-top-banner.svg" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="item">
<a title="DiscoArt: Create compelling Disco Diffusion artworks in just one line" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://bit.ly/3PjOZqc" target="_blank">
<span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
<img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/jina-ai-banner.png" />
</a> </a>
</div> </div>
<div class="item"> <div class="item">
@ -41,15 +35,15 @@
</a> </a>
</div> </div>
<div class="item"> <div class="item">
<a title="The ultimate solution to unlimited and forever cloud storage." style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://app.imgwhale.xyz/" target="_blank"> <a title="Help us migrate doist to FastAPI" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python" target="_blank">
<span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span> <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
<img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/imgwhale-banner.svg" /> <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/doist-banner.svg" />
</a> </a>
</div> </div>
<div class="item"> <div class="item">
<a title="Help us migrate doist to FastAPI" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python" target="_blank"> <a title="Build cross-modal and multimodal applications on the cloud" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://bit.ly/3dphxRq" target="_blank">
<span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span> <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
<img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/doist-banner.svg" /> <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/jina-top-banner.svg" />
</a> </a>
</div> </div>
</div> </div>

2
docs/es/docs/features.md

@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ Con **FastAPI** obtienes todas las características de **Starlette** (porque Fas
* Soporte para **GraphQL**. * Soporte para **GraphQL**.
* <abbr title="En español: tareas que se ejecutan en el fondo, sin frenar requests, en el mismo proceso. En ingles: In-process background tasks">Tareas en background</abbr>. * <abbr title="En español: tareas que se ejecutan en el fondo, sin frenar requests, en el mismo proceso. En ingles: In-process background tasks">Tareas en background</abbr>.
* Eventos de startup y shutdown. * Eventos de startup y shutdown.
* Cliente de pruebas construido con `requests`. * Cliente de pruebas construido con HTTPX.
* **CORS**, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses. * **CORS**, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
* Soporte para **Session and Cookie**. * Soporte para **Session and Cookie**.
* Cobertura de pruebas al 100%. * Cobertura de pruebas al 100%.

8
docs/es/docs/index.md

@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Si estás construyendo un app de <abbr title="Interfaz de línea de comandos en
## Requisitos ## Requisitos
Python 3.6+ Python 3.7+
FastAPI está sobre los hombros de gigantes: FastAPI está sobre los hombros de gigantes:
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ También vas a necesitar un servidor ASGI para producción cómo <a href="https:
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
```console ```console
$ pip install uvicorn[standard] $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
---> 100% ---> 100%
``` ```
@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ Para un ejemplo más completo que incluye más características ve el <a href="h
* Muchas características extra (gracias a Starlette) como: * Muchas características extra (gracias a Starlette) como:
* **WebSockets** * **WebSockets**
* **GraphQL** * **GraphQL**
* pruebas extremadamente fáciles con `requests` y `pytest` * pruebas extremadamente fáciles con HTTPX y `pytest`
* **CORS** * **CORS**
* **Cookie Sessions** * **Cookie Sessions**
* ...y mucho más. * ...y mucho más.
@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ Usadas por Pydantic:
Usados por Starlette: Usados por Starlette:
* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar el `TestClient`. * <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar el `TestClient`.
* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar la configuración por defecto de templates. * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar la configuración por defecto de templates.
* <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Requerido si quieres dar soporte a <abbr title="convertir el string que viene de un HTTP request a datos de Python">"parsing"</abbr> de formularios, con `request.form()`. * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Requerido si quieres dar soporte a <abbr title="convertir el string que viene de un HTTP request a datos de Python">"parsing"</abbr> de formularios, con `request.form()`.
* <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Requerido para dar soporte a `SessionMiddleware`. * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Requerido para dar soporte a `SessionMiddleware`.

4
docs/es/docs/tutorial/index.md

@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Para el tutorial, es posible que quieras instalarlo con todas las dependencias y
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
```console ```console
$ pip install fastapi[all] $ pip install "fastapi[all]"
---> 100% ---> 100%
``` ```
@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all]
También debes instalar `uvicorn` para que funcione como tu servidor: También debes instalar `uvicorn` para que funcione como tu servidor:
``` ```
pip install uvicorn[standard] pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
``` ```
Y lo mismo para cada una de las dependencias opcionales que quieras utilizar. Y lo mismo para cada una de las dependencias opcionales que quieras utilizar.

2
docs/es/mkdocs.yml

@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ markdown_extensions:
format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format ''
- pymdownx.tabbed: - pymdownx.tabbed:
alternate_style: true alternate_style: true
- attr_list
- md_in_html
extra: extra:
analytics: analytics:
provider: google provider: google

340
docs/fa/docs/index.md

@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!}
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png" alt="FastAPI"></a> <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png" alt="FastAPI"></a>
</p> </p>
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<em>FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production</em> <em>فریم‌ورک FastAPI، کارایی بالا، یادگیری آسان، کدنویسی سریع، آماده برای استفاده در محیط پروداکشن</em>
</p> </p>
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster" target="_blank"> <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest" target="_blank">
<img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/workflows/Test/badge.svg?event=push&branch=master" alt="Test"> <img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/workflows/Test/badge.svg" alt="Test">
</a> </a>
<a href="https://codecov.io/gh/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank"> <a href="https://codecov.io/gh/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/tiangolo/fastapi?color=%2334D058" alt="Coverage"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/tiangolo/fastapi?color=%2334D058" alt="Coverage">
@ -25,103 +21,99 @@
--- ---
**Documentation**: <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com</a> **مستندات**: <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com</a>
**Source Code**: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a> **کد منبع**: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>
--- ---
FastAPI یک وب فریم‌ورک مدرن و سریع (با کارایی بالا) برای ایجاد APIهای متنوع (وب، وب‌سوکت و غبره) با زبان پایتون نسخه +۳.۶ است. این فریم‌ورک با رعایت کامل راهنمای نوع داده (Type Hint) ایجاد شده است.
FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. ویژگی‌های کلیدی این فریم‌ورک عبارتند از:
The key features are: * **<abbr title="Fast">سرعت</abbr>**: کارایی بسیار بالا و قابل مقایسه با **NodeJS** و **Go** (با تشکر از Starlette و Pydantic). [یکی از سریع‌ترین فریم‌ورک‌های پایتونی موجود](#performance).
* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). * **<abbr title="Fast to code">کدنویسی سریع</abbr>**: افزایش ۲۰۰ تا ۳۰۰ درصدی سرعت توسعه فابلیت‌های جدید. *
* **<abbr title="Fewer bugs">باگ کمتر</abbr>**: کاهش ۴۰ درصدی خطاهای انسانی (برنامه‌نویسی). *
* **<abbr title="Intuitive">غریزی</abbr>**: پشتیبانی فوق‌العاده در محیط‌های توسعه یکپارچه (IDE). <abbr title="یا اتوکامپلیت، اتوکامپلشن، اینتلیسنس">تکمیل</abbr> در همه بخش‌های کد. کاهش زمان رفع باگ.
* **<abbr title="Easy">آسان</abbr>**: طراحی شده برای یادگیری و استفاده آسان. کاهش زمان مورد نیاز برای مراجعه به مستندات.
* **<abbr title="Short">کوچک</abbr>**: کاهش تکرار در کد. چندین قابلیت برای هر پارامتر (منظور پارامترهای ورودی تابع هندلر می‌باشد، به بخش <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/#recap">خلاصه</a> در همین صفحه مراجعه شود). باگ کمتر.
* **<abbr title="Robust">استوار</abbr>**: ایجاد کدی آماده برای استفاده در محیط پروداکشن و تولید خودکار <abbr title="Interactive documentation">مستندات تعاملی</abbr>
* **<abbr title="Standards-based">مبتنی بر استانداردها</abbr>**: مبتنی بر (و منطبق با) استانداردهای متن باز مربوط به API: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (سوگر سابق) و <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * <small>* تخمین‌ها بر اساس تست‌های انجام شده در یک تیم توسعه داخلی که مشغول ایجاد برنامه‌های کاربردی واقعی بودند صورت گرفته است.</small>
* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
<small>* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.</small> ## اسپانسرهای طلایی
## Sponsors
<!-- sponsors --> <!-- sponsors -->
{% if sponsors %} {% if sponsors %}
{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} {% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a> <a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}"></a>
{% endfor -%}
{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%}
<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
{% endfor %} {% endfor %}
{% endif %} {% endif %}
<!-- /sponsors --> <!-- /sponsors -->
<a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#sponsors" class="external-link" target="_blank">Other sponsors</a> <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#sponsors" class="external-link" target="_blank">دیگر اسپانسرها</a>
## Opinions ## نظر دیگران در مورد FastAPI
"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._" <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr;"><em> [...] I'm using <strong>FastAPI</strong> a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's <strong>ML services at Microsoft</strong>. Some of them are getting integrated into the core <strong>Windows</strong> product and some <strong>Office</strong> products."</em></div>
<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kabir Khan - <strong>Microsoft</strong> <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/26" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div> <div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kabir Khan - <strong>Microsoft</strong> <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/26" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
--- ---
"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_" <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr;"><em>"We adopted the <strong>FastAPI</strong> library to spawn a <strong>REST</strong>server that can be queried to obtain <strong>predictions</strong>. [for Ludwig]"</em></div>
<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - <strong>Uber</strong> <a href="https://eng.uber.com/ludwig-v0-2/" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div> <div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - <strong>Uber</strong> <a href="https://eng.uber.com/ludwig-v0-2/" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
--- ---
"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_" <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr;">"<strong>Netflix</strong> is pleased to announce the open-source release of our <strong>crisis management</strong> orchestration framework: <strong>Dispatch</strong>! [built with <strong>FastAPI</strong>]"</div>
<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - <strong>Netflix</strong> <a href="https://netflixtechblog.com/introducing-dispatch-da4b8a2a8072" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div> <div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - <strong>Netflix</strong> <a href="https://netflixtechblog.com/introducing-dispatch-da4b8a2a8072" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
--- ---
"_I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!_" <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr;">"<em>I’m over the moon excited about <strong>FastAPI</strong>. It’s so fun!"</em></div>
<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Brian Okken - <strong><a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/episodes/show/123/time-to-right-the-py-wrongs?time_in_sec=855" target="_blank">Python Bytes</a> podcast host</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/brianokken/status/1112220079972728832" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div> <div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Brian Okken - <strong><a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/episodes/show/123/time-to-right-the-py-wrongs?time_in_sec=855" target="_blank">Python Bytes</a> podcast host</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/brianokken/status/1112220079972728832" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
--- ---
"_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._" <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr;">"<em>Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted <strong>Hug</strong> to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that."</em></div>
<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="https://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div> <div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="https://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
--- ---
"_If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]_" <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr;">"<em>If you're looking to learn one <strong>modern framework</strong> for building REST APIs, check out <strong>FastAPI</strong> [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]"</em></div>
"_We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]_" <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr;">"<em>We've switched over to <strong>FastAPI</strong> for our <strong>APIs</strong> [...] I think you'll like it [...]</em>"</div>
<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - <strong><a href="https://explosion.ai" target="_blank">Explosion AI</a> founders - <a href="https://spacy.io" target="_blank">spaCy</a> creators</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/_inesmontani/status/1144173225322143744" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a> - <a href="https://twitter.com/honnibal/status/1144031421859655680" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div> <div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - <strong><a href="https://explosion.ai" target="_blank">Explosion AI</a> founders - <a href="https://spacy.io" target="_blank">spaCy</a> creators</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/_inesmontani/status/1144173225322143744" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a> - <a href="https://twitter.com/honnibal/status/1144031421859655680" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
--- ---
## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs ## **Typer**, فریم‌ورکی معادل FastAPI برای کار با <abbr title="CLI (Command Line Interface)">واسط خط فرمان</abbr>
<a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://typer.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" style="width: 20%;"></a> <a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://typer.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" style="width: 20%;"></a>
If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out <a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Typer**</a>. اگر در حال ساختن برنامه‌ای برای استفاده در <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> (به جای استفاده در وب) هستید، می‌توانید از <a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Typer**</a>. استفاده کنید.
**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀 **Typer** دوقلوی کوچکتر FastAPI است و قرار است معادلی برای FastAPI در برنامه‌های CLI باشد.️ 🚀
## Requirements ## نیازمندی‌ها
Python 3.6+ پایتون +۳.۶
FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: FastAPI مبتنی بر ابزارهای قدرتمند زیر است:
* <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a> for the web parts. * فریم‌ورک <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a> برای بخش وب.
* <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> for the data parts. * کتابخانه <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> برای بخش داده‌.
## Installation ## نصب
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
@ -133,7 +125,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
</div> </div>
You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>. نصب یک سرور پروداکشن نظیر <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> یا <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a> نیز جزء نیازمندی‌هاست.
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
@ -145,14 +137,13 @@ $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
</div> </div>
## Example ## مثال
### Create it
* Create a file `main.py` with: ### ایجاد کنید
* فایلی به نام `main.py` با محتوای زیر ایجاد کنید :
```Python ```Python
from typing import Union from typing import Optional
from fastapi import FastAPI from fastapi import FastAPI
@ -170,12 +161,12 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
``` ```
<details markdown="1"> <details markdown="1">
<summary>Or use <code>async def</code>...</summary> <summary>همچنین می‌توانید از <code>async def</code>... نیز استفاده کنید</summary>
If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`: اگر در کدتان از `async` / `await` استفاده می‌کنید, از `async def` برای تعریف تابع خود استفاده کنید:
```Python hl_lines="9 14" ```Python hl_lines="9 14"
from typing import Union from typing import Optional
from fastapi import FastAPI from fastapi import FastAPI
@ -188,19 +179,20 @@ async def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}") @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
``` ```
**Note**: **توجه**:
اگر با `async / await` آشنا نیستید، به بخش _"عجله‌ دارید?"_ در صفحه درباره <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#in-a-hurry" target="_blank">`async` و `await` در مستندات</a> مراجعه کنید.
If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#in-a-hurry" target="_blank">`async` and `await` in the docs</a>.
</details> </details>
### Run it ### اجرا کنید
Run the server with: با استفاده از دستور زیر سرور را اجرا کنید:
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
@ -217,57 +209,57 @@ INFO: Application startup complete.
</div> </div>
<details markdown="1"> <details markdown="1">
<summary>About the command <code>uvicorn main:app --reload</code>...</summary> <summary>درباره دستور <code>uvicorn main:app --reload</code>...</summary>
The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to: دستور `uvicorn main:app` شامل موارد زیر است:
* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module"). * `main`: فایل `main.py` (ماژول پایتون ایجاد شده).
* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`. * `app`: شیء ایجاد شده در فایل `main.py` در خط `app = FastAPI()`.
* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development. * `--reload`: ریستارت کردن سرور با تغییر کد. تنها در هنگام توسعه از این گزینه استفاده شود..
</details> </details>
### Check it ### بررسی کنید
Open your browser at <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery</a>. آدرس <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery</a> را در مرورگر خود باز کنید.
You will see the JSON response as: پاسخ JSON زیر را مشاهده خواهید کرد:
```JSON ```JSON
{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} {"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"}
``` ```
You already created an API that: تا اینجا شما APIای ساختید که:
* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`. * درخواست‌های HTTP به _مسیرهای_ `/` و `/items/{item_id}` را دریافت می‌کند.
* Both _paths_ take `GET` <em>operations</em> (also known as HTTP _methods_). * هردو _مسیر_ <abbr title="operations در OpenAPI">عملیات</abbr> (یا HTTP _متد_) `GET` را پشتیبانی می‌کنند.
* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`. * _مسیر_ `/items/{item_id}` شامل <abbr title="Path Parameter">_پارامتر مسیر_</abbr> `item_id` از نوع `int` است.
* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`. * _مسیر_ `/items/{item_id}` شامل <abbr title="Query Parameter">_پارامتر پرسمان_</abbr> اختیاری `q` از نوع `str` است.
### Interactive API docs ### مستندات API تعاملی
Now go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>. حال به آدرس <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a> بروید.
You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" class="external-link" target="_blank">Swagger UI</a>): مستندات API تعاملی (ایجاد شده به کمک <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" class="external-link" target="_blank">Swagger UI</a>) را مشاهده خواهید کرد:
![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png)
### Alternative API docs ### مستندات API جایگزین
And now, go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc</a>. حال به آدرس <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc</a> بروید.
You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">ReDoc</a>): مستندات خودکار دیگری را مشاهده خواهید کرد که به کمک <a href="https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">ReDoc</a> ایجاد می‌شود:
![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png)
## Example upgrade ## تغییر مثال
Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request. حال فایل `main.py` را مطابق زیر ویرایش کنید تا بتوانید <abbr title="Body">بدنه</abbr> یک درخواست `PUT` را دریافت کنید.
Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic. به کمک Pydantic بدنه درخواست را با <abbr title="Type">انواع</abbr> استاندارد پایتون تعریف کنید.
```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" ```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27"
from typing import Union from typing import Optional
from fastapi import FastAPI from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel from pydantic import BaseModel
@ -296,173 +288,175 @@ def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
``` ```
The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above). سرور به صورت خودکار ری‌استارت می‌شود (زیرا پیشتر از گزینه `--reload` در دستور `uvicorn` استفاده کردیم).
### Interactive API docs upgrade ### تغییر مستندات API تعاملی
Now go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>. مجددا به آدرس <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a> بروید.
* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body: * مستندات API تعاملی به صورت خودکار به‌روز شده است و شامل بدنه تعریف شده در مرحله قبل است:
![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png)
* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API: * روی دکمه "Try it out" کلیک کنید, اکنون می‌توانید پارامترهای مورد نیاز هر API را مشخص کرده و به صورت مستقیم با آنها تعامل کنید:
![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png)
* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen: * سپس روی دکمه "Execute" کلیک کنید, خواهید دید که واسط کاریری با APIهای تعریف شده ارتباط برقرار کرده، پارامترهای مورد نیاز را به آن‌ها ارسال می‌کند، سپس نتایج را دریافت کرده و در صفحه نشان می‌دهد:
![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png)
### Alternative API docs upgrade ### تغییر مستندات API جایگزین
And now, go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc</a>. حال به آدرس <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc</a> بروید.
* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body: * خواهید دید که مستندات جایگزین نیز به‌روزرسانی شده و شامل پارامتر پرسمان و بدنه تعریف شده می‌باشد:
![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png)
### Recap ### خلاصه
In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters. به طور خلاصه شما **یک بار** انواع پارامترها، بدنه و غیره را به عنوان پارامترهای ورودی تابع خود تعریف می‌کنید.
You do that with standard modern Python types. این کار را با استفاده از انواع استاندارد و مدرن موجود در پایتون انجام می‌دهید.
You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. نیازی به یادگیری <abbr title="Syntax">نحو</abbr> جدید یا متدها و کلاس‌های یک کتابخانه بخصوص و غیره نیست.
Just standard **Python 3.6+**. تنها **پایتون +۳.۶**.
For example, for an `int`: به عنوان مثال برای یک پارامتر از نوع `int`:
```Python ```Python
item_id: int item_id: int
``` ```
or for a more complex `Item` model: یا برای یک مدل پیچیده‌تر مثل `Item`:
```Python ```Python
item: Item item: Item
``` ```
...and with that single declaration you get: ...و با همین اعلان تمامی قابلیت‌های زیر در دسترس قرار می‌گیرد:
* Editor support, including: * پشتیبانی ویرایشگر متنی شامل:
* Completion. * تکمیل کد.
* Type checks. * بررسی انواع داده.
* Validation of data: * اعتبارسنجی داده:
* Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid. * خطاهای خودکار و مشخص در هنگام نامعتبر بودن داده
* Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects. * اعتبارسنجی، حتی برای اشیاء JSON تو در تو.
* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from: * <abbr title="serialization, parsing, marshalling">تبدیل</abbr> داده ورودی: که از شبکه رسیده به انواع و داد‌ه‌ پایتونی. این داده‌ شامل:
* JSON. * JSON.
* Path parameters. * <abbr title="Path parameters">پارامترهای مسیر</abbr>.
* Query parameters. * <abbr title="Query parameters">پارامترهای پرسمان</abbr>.
* Cookies. * <abbr title="Cookies">کوکی‌ها</abbr>.
* Headers. * <abbr title="Headers">سرآیند‌ها (هدرها)</abbr>.
* Forms. * <abbr title="Forms">فرم‌ها</abbr>.
* Files. * <abbr title="Files">فایل‌ها</abbr>.
* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON): * <abbr title="serialization, parsing, marshalling">تبدیل</abbr> داده خروجی: تبدیل از انواع و داده‌ پایتون به داده شبکه (مانند JSON):
* Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc). * تبدیل انواع داده پایتونی (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list` و غیره).
* `datetime` objects. * اشیاء `datetime`.
* `UUID` objects. * اشیاء `UUID`.
* Database models. * qمدل‌های پایگاه‌داده.
* ...and many more. * و موارد بیشمار دیگر.
* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces: * دو مدل مستند API تعاملی خودکار :
* Swagger UI. * Swagger UI.
* ReDoc. * ReDoc.
--- ---
Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will: به مثال قبلی باز می‌گردیم، در این مثال **FastAPI** موارد زیر را انجام می‌دهد:
* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests. * اعتبارسنجی اینکه پارامتر `item_id` در مسیر درخواست‌های `GET` و `PUT` موجود است .
* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests. * اعتبارسنجی اینکه پارامتر `item_id` در درخواست‌های `GET` و `PUT` از نوع `int` است.
* If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error. * اگر غیر از این موارد باشد، سرویس‌گیرنده خطای مفید و مشخصی دریافت خواهد کرد.
* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests. * بررسی وجود پارامتر پرسمان اختیاری `q` (مانند `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) در درخواست‌های `GET`.
* As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional. * از آنجا که پارامتر `q` با `= None` مقداردهی شده است, این پارامتر اختیاری است.
* Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`). * اگر از مقدار اولیه `None` استفاده نکنیم، این پارامتر الزامی خواهد بود (همانند بدنه درخواست در درخواست `PUT`).
* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON: * برای درخواست‌های `PUT` به آدرس `/items/{item_id}`, بدنه درخواست باید از نوع JSON تعریف شده باشد:
* Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`. * بررسی اینکه بدنه شامل فیلدی با نام `name` و از نوع `str` است.
* Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`. * بررسی اینکه بدنه شامل فیلدی با نام `price` و از نوع `float` است.
* Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present. * بررسی اینکه بدنه شامل فیلدی اختیاری با نام `is_offer` است, که در صورت وجود باید از نوع `bool` باشد.
* All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects. * تمامی این موارد برای اشیاء JSON در هر عمقی قابل بررسی می‌باشد.
* Convert from and to JSON automatically. * تبدیل از/به JSON به صورت خودکار.
* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by: * مستندسازی همه چیز با استفاده از OpenAPI, که می‌توان از آن برای موارد زیر استفاده کرد:
* Interactive documentation systems. * سیستم مستندات تعاملی.
* Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages. * تولید خودکار کد سرویس‌گیرنده‌ در زبان‌های برنامه‌نویسی بیشمار.
* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly. * فراهم سازی ۲ مستند تعاملی مبتنی بر وب به صورت پیش‌فرض .
--- ---
We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works. موارد ذکر شده تنها پاره‌ای از ویژگی‌های بیشمار FastAPI است اما ایده‌ای کلی از طرز کار آن در اختیار قرار می‌دهد.
Try changing the line with: خط زیر را به این صورت تغییر دهید:
```Python ```Python
return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
``` ```
...from: از:
```Python ```Python
... "item_name": item.name ... ... "item_name": item.name ...
``` ```
...to: به:
```Python ```Python
... "item_price": item.price ... ... "item_price": item.price ...
``` ```
...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types: در حین تایپ کردن توجه کنید که چگونه ویرایش‌گر، ویژگی‌های کلاس `Item` را تشخیص داده و به تکمیل خودکار آنها کمک می‌کند:
![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) ![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png)
For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/">Tutorial - User Guide</a>. برای مشاهده مثال‌های کامل‌تر که شامل قابلیت‌های بیشتری از FastAPI باشد به بخش <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/">آموزش - راهنمای کاربر</a> مراجعه کنید.
**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes: **هشدار اسپویل**: بخش آموزش - راهنمای کاربر شامل موارد زیر است:
* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**. * اعلان **پارامترهای** موجود در بخش‌های دیگر درخواست، شامل: **سرآیند‌ (هدر)ها**, **کوکی‌ها**, **فیلد‌های فرم** و **فایل‌ها**.
* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`. * چگونگی تنظیم **<abbr title="Validation Constraints">محدودیت‌های اعتبارسنجی</abbr>** به عنوان مثال `maximum_length` یا `regex`.
* A very powerful and easy to use **<abbr title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Dependency Injection</abbr>** system. * سیستم **<abbr title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Dependency Injection</abbr>** قوی و کاربردی.
* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth. * امنیت و تایید هویت, شامل پشتیبانی از **OAuth2** مبتنی بر **JWT tokens** و **HTTP Basic**.
* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic). * تکنیک پیشرفته برای تعریف **مدل‌های چند سطحی JSON** (بر اساس Pydantic).
* **GraphQL** integration with <a href="https://strawberry.rocks" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a> and other libraries. * قابلیت‌های اضافی دیگر (بر اساس Starlette) شامل:
* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: * **<abbr title="WebSocket">وب‌سوکت</abbr>**
* **WebSockets** * **GraphQL**
* extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` * تست‌های خودکار آسان مبتنی بر HTTPX و `pytest`
* **CORS** * **CORS**
* **Cookie Sessions** * **Cookie Sessions**
* ...and more. * و موارد بیشمار دیگر.
## Performance ## کارایی
Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7" class="external-link" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*) معیار (بنچمارک‌)های مستقل TechEmpower حاکی از آن است که برنامه‌های **FastAPI** که تحت Uvicorn اجرا می‌شود، <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7" class="external-link" target="_blank">یکی از سریع‌ترین فریم‌ورک‌های مبتنی بر پایتون</a>, است که کمی ضعیف‌تر از Starlette و Uvicorn عمل می‌کند (فریم‌ورک و سروری که FastAPI بر اساس آنها ایجاد شده است) (*)
To understand more about it, see the section <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/benchmarks/" class="internal-link" target="_blank">Benchmarks</a>. برای درک بهتری از این موضوع به بخش <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/benchmarks/" class="internal-link" target="_blank">بنچ‌مارک‌ها</a> مراجعه کنید.
## Optional Dependencies ## نیازمندی‌های اختیاری
Used by Pydantic: استفاده شده توسط Pydantic:
* <a href="https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson" target="_blank"><code>ujson</code></a> - for faster JSON <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>. * <a href="https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson" target="_blank"><code>ujson</code></a> - برای <abbr title="تبدیل داده‌های موجود در درخواست‌های HTTP به داده پایتونی">"تجزیه (parse)"</abbr> سریع‌تر JSON .
* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email_validator</code></a> - for email validation. * <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email_validator</code></a> - برای اعتبارسنجی آدرس‌های ایمیل.
Used by Starlette: استفاده شده توسط Starlette:
* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. * <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>HTTPX</code></a> - در صورتی که می‌خواهید از `TestClient` استفاده کنید.
* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. * <a href="https://github.com/Tinche/aiofiles" target="_blank"><code>aiofiles</code></a> - در صورتی که می‌خواهید از `FileResponse` و `StaticFiles` استفاده کنید.
* <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`. * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - در صورتی که بخواهید از پیکربندی پیش‌فرض برای قالب‌ها استفاده کنید.
* <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - در صورتی که بخواهید با استفاده از `request.form()` از قابلیت <abbr title="تبدیل رشته متنی موجود در درخواست HTTP به انواع داده پایتون">"تجزیه (parse)"</abbr> فرم استفاده کنید.
* <a href="https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation" target="_blank"><code>pyyaml</code></a> - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI). * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - در صورتی که بخواید از `SessionMiddleware` پشتیبانی کنید.
* <a href="https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson" target="_blank"><code>ujson</code></a> - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`. * <a href="https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation" target="_blank"><code>pyyaml</code></a> - برای پشتیبانی `SchemaGenerator` در Starlet (به احتمال زیاد برای کار کردن با FastAPI به آن نیازی پیدا نمی‌کنید.).
* <a href="https://graphene-python.org/" target="_blank"><code>graphene</code></a> - در صورتی که از `GraphQLApp` پشتیبانی می‌کنید.
* <a href="https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson" target="_blank"><code>ujson</code></a> - در صورتی که بخواهید از `UJSONResponse` استفاده کنید.
Used by FastAPI / Starlette: استفاده شده توسط FastAPI / Starlette:
* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - for the server that loads and serves your application. * <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - برای سرور اجرا کننده برنامه وب.
* <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" target="_blank"><code>orjson</code></a> - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`. * <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" target="_blank"><code>orjson</code></a> - در صورتی که بخواهید از `ORJSONResponse` استفاده کنید.
You can install all of these with `pip install "fastapi[all]"`. می‌توان همه این موارد را با استفاده از دستور `pip install fastapi[all]`. به صورت یکجا نصب کرد.
## License ## لایسنس
This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. این پروژه مشمول قوانین و مقررات لایسنس MIT است.

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format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format ''
- pymdownx.tabbed: - pymdownx.tabbed:
alternate_style: true alternate_style: true
- attr_list
- md_in_html
extra: extra:
analytics: analytics:
provider: google provider: google

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# Réponses supplémentaires dans OpenAPI
!!! Attention
Ceci concerne un sujet plutôt avancé.
Si vous débutez avec **FastAPI**, vous n'en aurez peut-être pas besoin.
Vous pouvez déclarer des réponses supplémentaires, avec des codes HTTP, des types de médias, des descriptions, etc.
Ces réponses supplémentaires seront incluses dans le schéma OpenAPI, elles apparaîtront donc également dans la documentation de l'API.
Mais pour ces réponses supplémentaires, vous devez vous assurer de renvoyer directement une `Response` comme `JSONResponse`, avec votre code HTTP et votre contenu.
## Réponse supplémentaire avec `model`
Vous pouvez ajouter à votre décorateur de *paramètre de chemin* un paramètre `responses`.
Il prend comme valeur un `dict` dont les clés sont des codes HTTP pour chaque réponse, comme `200`, et la valeur de ces clés sont d'autres `dict` avec des informations pour chacun d'eux.
Chacun de ces `dict` de réponse peut avoir une clé `model`, contenant un modèle Pydantic, tout comme `response_model`.
**FastAPI** prendra ce modèle, générera son schéma JSON et l'inclura au bon endroit dans OpenAPI.
Par exemple, pour déclarer une autre réponse avec un code HTTP `404` et un modèle Pydantic `Message`, vous pouvez écrire :
```Python hl_lines="18 22"
{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py!}
```
!!! Remarque
Gardez à l'esprit que vous devez renvoyer directement `JSONResponse`.
!!! Info
La clé `model` ne fait pas partie d'OpenAPI.
**FastAPI** prendra le modèle Pydantic à partir de là, générera le `JSON Schema` et le placera au bon endroit.
Le bon endroit est :
* Dans la clé `content`, qui a pour valeur un autre objet JSON (`dict`) qui contient :
* Une clé avec le type de support, par ex. `application/json`, qui contient comme valeur un autre objet JSON, qui contient :
* Une clé `schema`, qui a pour valeur le schéma JSON du modèle, voici le bon endroit.
* **FastAPI** ajoute ici une référence aux schémas JSON globaux à un autre endroit de votre OpenAPI au lieu de l'inclure directement. De cette façon, d'autres applications et clients peuvent utiliser ces schémas JSON directement, fournir de meilleurs outils de génération de code, etc.
Les réponses générées au format OpenAPI pour cette *opération de chemin* seront :
```JSON hl_lines="3-12"
{
"responses": {
"404": {
"description": "Additional Response",
"content": {
"application/json": {
"schema": {
"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Message"
}
}
}
},
"200": {
"description": "Successful Response",
"content": {
"application/json": {
"schema": {
"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"
}
}
}
},
"422": {
"description": "Validation Error",
"content": {
"application/json": {
"schema": {
"$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
}
}
}
}
}
}
```
Les schémas sont référencés à un autre endroit du modèle OpenAPI :
```JSON hl_lines="4-16"
{
"components": {
"schemas": {
"Message": {
"title": "Message",
"required": [
"message"
],
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"message": {
"title": "Message",
"type": "string"
}
}
},
"Item": {
"title": "Item",
"required": [
"id",
"value"
],
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"id": {
"title": "Id",
"type": "string"
},
"value": {
"title": "Value",
"type": "string"
}
}
},
"ValidationError": {
"title": "ValidationError",
"required": [
"loc",
"msg",
"type"
],
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"loc": {
"title": "Location",
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string"
}
},
"msg": {
"title": "Message",
"type": "string"
},
"type": {
"title": "Error Type",
"type": "string"
}
}
},
"HTTPValidationError": {
"title": "HTTPValidationError",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"detail": {
"title": "Detail",
"type": "array",
"items": {
"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
```
## Types de médias supplémentaires pour la réponse principale
Vous pouvez utiliser ce même paramètre `responses` pour ajouter différents types de médias pour la même réponse principale.
Par exemple, vous pouvez ajouter un type de média supplémentaire `image/png`, en déclarant que votre *opération de chemin* peut renvoyer un objet JSON (avec le type de média `application/json`) ou une image PNG :
```Python hl_lines="19-24 28"
{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial002.py!}
```
!!! Remarque
Notez que vous devez retourner l'image en utilisant directement un `FileResponse`.
!!! Info
À moins que vous ne spécifiiez explicitement un type de média différent dans votre paramètre `responses`, FastAPI supposera que la réponse a le même type de média que la classe de réponse principale (par défaut `application/json`).
Mais si vous avez spécifié une classe de réponse personnalisée avec `None` comme type de média, FastAPI utilisera `application/json` pour toute réponse supplémentaire associée à un modèle.
## Combinaison d'informations
Vous pouvez également combiner des informations de réponse provenant de plusieurs endroits, y compris les paramètres `response_model`, `status_code` et `responses`.
Vous pouvez déclarer un `response_model`, en utilisant le code HTTP par défaut `200` (ou un code personnalisé si vous en avez besoin), puis déclarer des informations supplémentaires pour cette même réponse dans `responses`, directement dans le schéma OpenAPI.
**FastAPI** conservera les informations supplémentaires des `responses` et les combinera avec le schéma JSON de votre modèle.
Par exemple, vous pouvez déclarer une réponse avec un code HTTP `404` qui utilise un modèle Pydantic et a une `description` personnalisée.
Et une réponse avec un code HTTP `200` qui utilise votre `response_model`, mais inclut un `example` personnalisé :
```Python hl_lines="20-31"
{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial003.py!}
```
Tout sera combiné et inclus dans votre OpenAPI, et affiché dans la documentation de l'API :
<img src="/img/tutorial/additional-responses/image01.png">
## Combinez les réponses prédéfinies et les réponses personnalisées
Vous voulez peut-être avoir des réponses prédéfinies qui s'appliquent à de nombreux *paramètre de chemin*, mais vous souhaitez les combiner avec des réponses personnalisées nécessaires à chaque *opération de chemin*.
Dans ces cas, vous pouvez utiliser la technique Python "d'affection par décomposition" (appelé _unpacking_ en anglais) d'un `dict` avec `**dict_to_unpack` :
``` Python
old_dict = {
"old key": "old value",
"second old key": "second old value",
}
new_dict = {**old_dict, "new key": "new value"}
```
Ici, `new_dict` contiendra toutes les paires clé-valeur de `old_dict` plus la nouvelle paire clé-valeur :
``` Python
{
"old key": "old value",
"second old key": "second old value",
"new key": "new value",
}
```
Vous pouvez utiliser cette technique pour réutiliser certaines réponses prédéfinies dans vos *paramètres de chemin* et les combiner avec des réponses personnalisées supplémentaires.
Par exemple:
```Python hl_lines="13-17 26"
{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial004.py!}
```
## Plus d'informations sur les réponses OpenAPI
Pour voir exactement ce que vous pouvez inclure dans les réponses, vous pouvez consulter ces sections dans la spécification OpenAPI :
* <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.0.2.md#responsesObject" class="external-link" target="_blank">Objet Responses de OpenAPI </a>, il inclut le `Response Object`.
* <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.0.2.md#responseObject" class="external-link" target="_blank">Objet Response de OpenAPI </a>, vous pouvez inclure n'importe quoi directement dans chaque réponse à l'intérieur de votre paramètre `responses`. Y compris `description`, `headers`, `content` (à l'intérieur de cela, vous déclarez différents types de médias et schémas JSON) et `links`.

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# Codes HTTP supplémentaires
Par défaut, **FastAPI** renverra les réponses à l'aide d'une structure de données `JSONResponse`, en plaçant la réponse de votre *chemin d'accès* à l'intérieur de cette `JSONResponse`.
Il utilisera le code HTTP par défaut ou celui que vous avez défini dans votre *chemin d'accès*.
## Codes HTTP supplémentaires
Si vous souhaitez renvoyer des codes HTTP supplémentaires en plus du code principal, vous pouvez le faire en renvoyant directement une `Response`, comme une `JSONResponse`, et en définissant directement le code HTTP supplémentaire.
Par exemple, disons que vous voulez avoir un *chemin d'accès* qui permet de mettre à jour les éléments et renvoie les codes HTTP 200 "OK" en cas de succès.
Mais vous voulez aussi qu'il accepte de nouveaux éléments. Et lorsque les éléments n'existaient pas auparavant, il les crée et renvoie un code HTTP de 201 "Créé".
Pour y parvenir, importez `JSONResponse` et renvoyez-y directement votre contenu, en définissant le `status_code` que vous souhaitez :
```Python hl_lines="4 25"
{!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!}
```
!!! Attention
Lorsque vous renvoyez une `Response` directement, comme dans l'exemple ci-dessus, elle sera renvoyée directement.
Elle ne sera pas sérialisée avec un modèle.
Assurez-vous qu'il contient les données souhaitées et que les valeurs soient dans un format JSON valides (si vous utilisez une `JSONResponse`).
!!! note "Détails techniques"
Vous pouvez également utiliser `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.
Pour plus de commodités, **FastAPI** fournit les objets `starlette.responses` sous forme d'un alias accessible par `fastapi.responses`. Mais la plupart des réponses disponibles proviennent directement de Starlette. Il en est de même avec l'objet `statut`.
## Documents OpenAPI et API
Si vous renvoyez directement des codes HTTP et des réponses supplémentaires, ils ne seront pas inclus dans le schéma OpenAPI (la documentation de l'API), car FastAPI n'a aucun moyen de savoir à l'avance ce que vous allez renvoyer.
Mais vous pouvez documenter cela dans votre code, en utilisant : [Réponses supplémentaires dans OpenAPI](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

4
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@ -205,10 +205,6 @@ Cette "attente" 🕙 se mesure en microsecondes, mais tout de même, en cumulé
C'est pourquoi il est logique d'utiliser du code asynchrone ⏸🔀⏯ pour des APIs web. C'est pourquoi il est logique d'utiliser du code asynchrone ⏸🔀⏯ pour des APIs web.
La plupart des frameworks Python existants (y compris Flask et Django) ont été créés avant que les nouvelles fonctionnalités asynchrones de Python n'existent. Donc, les façons dont ils peuvent être déployés supportent l'exécution parallèle et une ancienne forme d'exécution asynchrone qui n'est pas aussi puissante que les nouvelles fonctionnalités de Python.
Et cela, bien que les spécifications principales du web asynchrone en Python (ou ASGI) ont été développées chez Django, pour ajouter le support des WebSockets.
Ce type d'asynchronicité est ce qui a rendu NodeJS populaire (bien que NodeJS ne soit pas parallèle) et c'est la force du Go en tant que langage de programmation. Ce type d'asynchronicité est ce qui a rendu NodeJS populaire (bien que NodeJS ne soit pas parallèle) et c'est la force du Go en tant que langage de programmation.
Et c'est le même niveau de performance que celui obtenu avec **FastAPI**. Et c'est le même niveau de performance que celui obtenu avec **FastAPI**.

245
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@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
# Déployer FastAPI sur Deta
Dans cette section, vous apprendrez à déployer facilement une application **FastAPI** sur <a href="https://www.deta.
sh/?ref=fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Deta</a> en utilisant le plan tarifaire gratuit. 🎁
Cela vous prendra environ **10 minutes**.
!!! info
<a href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Deta</a> sponsorise **FastAPI**. 🎉
## Une application **FastAPI** de base
* Créez un répertoire pour votre application, par exemple `./fastapideta/` et déplacez-vous dedans.
### Le code FastAPI
* Créer un fichier `main.py` avec :
```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/")
def read_root():
return {"Hello": "World"}
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int):
return {"item_id": item_id}
```
### Dépendances
Maintenant, dans le même répertoire, créez un fichier `requirements.txt` avec :
```text
fastapi
```
!!! tip "Astuce"
Il n'est pas nécessaire d'installer Uvicorn pour déployer sur Deta, bien qu'il soit probablement souhaitable de l'installer localement pour tester votre application.
### Structure du répertoire
Vous aurez maintenant un répertoire `./fastapideta/` avec deux fichiers :
```
.
└── main.py
└── requirements.txt
```
## Créer un compte gratuit sur Deta
Créez maintenant un <a href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">compte gratuit
sur Deta</a>, vous avez juste besoin d'une adresse email et d'un mot de passe.
Vous n'avez même pas besoin d'une carte de crédit.
## Installer le CLI (Interface en Ligne de Commande)
Une fois que vous avez votre compte, installez le <abbr title="Command Line Interface application">CLI</abbr> de Deta :
=== "Linux, macOS"
<div class="termy">
```console
$ curl -fsSL https://get.deta.dev/cli.sh | sh
```
</div>
=== "Windows PowerShell"
<div class="termy">
```console
$ iwr https://get.deta.dev/cli.ps1 -useb | iex
```
</div>
Après l'avoir installé, ouvrez un nouveau terminal afin que la nouvelle installation soit détectée.
Dans un nouveau terminal, confirmez qu'il a été correctement installé avec :
<div class="termy">
```console
$ deta --help
Deta command line interface for managing deta micros.
Complete documentation available at https://docs.deta.sh
Usage:
deta [flags]
deta [command]
Available Commands:
auth Change auth settings for a deta micro
...
```
</div>
!!! tip "Astuce"
Si vous rencontrez des problèmes pour installer le CLI, consultez la <a href="https://docs.deta. sh/docs/micros/getting_started?ref=fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">documentation officielle de Deta (en anglais)</a>.
## Connexion avec le CLI
Maintenant, connectez-vous à Deta depuis le CLI avec :
<div class="termy">
```console
$ deta login
Please, log in from the web page. Waiting..
Logged in successfully.
```
</div>
Cela ouvrira un navigateur web et permettra une authentification automatique.
## Déployer avec Deta
Ensuite, déployez votre application avec le CLI de Deta :
<div class="termy">
```console
$ deta new
Successfully created a new micro
// Notice the "endpoint" 🔍
{
"name": "fastapideta",
"runtime": "python3.7",
"endpoint": "https://qltnci.deta.dev",
"visor": "enabled",
"http_auth": "enabled"
}
Adding dependencies...
---> 100%
Successfully installed fastapi-0.61.1 pydantic-1.7.2 starlette-0.13.6
```
</div>
Vous verrez un message JSON similaire à :
```JSON hl_lines="4"
{
"name": "fastapideta",
"runtime": "python3.7",
"endpoint": "https://qltnci.deta.dev",
"visor": "enabled",
"http_auth": "enabled"
}
```
!!! tip "Astuce"
Votre déploiement aura une URL `"endpoint"` différente.
## Vérifiez
Maintenant, dans votre navigateur ouvrez votre URL `endpoint`. Dans l'exemple ci-dessus, c'était
`https://qltnci.deta.dev`, mais la vôtre sera différente.
Vous verrez la réponse JSON de votre application FastAPI :
```JSON
{
"Hello": "World"
}
```
Et maintenant naviguez vers `/docs` dans votre API, dans l'exemple ci-dessus ce serait `https://qltnci.deta.dev/docs`.
Vous verrez votre documentation comme suit :
<img src="/img/deployment/deta/image01.png">
## Activer l'accès public
Par défaut, Deta va gérer l'authentification en utilisant des cookies pour votre compte.
Mais une fois que vous êtes prêt, vous pouvez le rendre public avec :
<div class="termy">
```console
$ deta auth disable
Successfully disabled http auth
```
</div>
Maintenant, vous pouvez partager cette URL avec n'importe qui et ils seront en mesure d'accéder à votre API. 🚀
## HTTPS
Félicitations ! Vous avez déployé votre application FastAPI sur Deta ! 🎉 🍰
Remarquez également que Deta gère correctement HTTPS pour vous, vous n'avez donc pas à vous en occuper et pouvez être sûr que vos clients auront une connexion cryptée sécurisée. ✅ 🔒
## Vérifiez le Visor
À partir de l'interface graphique de votre documentation (dans une URL telle que `https://qltnci.deta.dev/docs`)
envoyez une requête à votre *opération de chemin* `/items/{item_id}`.
Par exemple avec l'ID `5`.
Allez maintenant sur <a href="https://web.deta.sh/" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://web.deta.sh</a>.
Vous verrez qu'il y a une section à gauche appelée <abbr title="ça vient de Micro(server)">"Micros"</abbr> avec chacune de vos applications.
Vous verrez un onglet avec "Details", et aussi un onglet "Visor", allez à l'onglet "Visor".
Vous pouvez y consulter les requêtes récentes envoyées à votre application.
Vous pouvez également les modifier et les relancer.
<img src="/img/deployment/deta/image02.png">
## En savoir plus
À un moment donné, vous voudrez probablement stocker certaines données pour votre application d'une manière qui
persiste dans le temps. Pour cela, vous pouvez utiliser <a href="https://docs.deta.sh/docs/base/py_tutorial?ref=fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Deta Base</a>, il dispose également d'un généreux **plan gratuit**.
Vous pouvez également en lire plus dans la <a href="https://docs.deta.sh?ref=fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">documentation Deta</a>.

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@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
# À propos de HTTPS
Il est facile de penser que HTTPS peut simplement être "activé" ou non.
Mais c'est beaucoup plus complexe que cela.
!!! tip
Si vous êtes pressé ou si cela ne vous intéresse pas, passez aux sections suivantes pour obtenir des instructions étape par étape afin de tout configurer avec différentes techniques.
Pour apprendre les bases du HTTPS, du point de vue d'un utilisateur, consultez <a href="https://howhttps.works/"
class="external-link" target="_blank">https://howhttps.works/</a>.
Maintenant, du point de vue d'un développeur, voici plusieurs choses à avoir en tête en pensant au HTTPS :
* Pour le HTTPS, le serveur a besoin de "certificats" générés par une tierce partie.
* Ces certificats sont en fait acquis auprès de la tierce partie, et non "générés".
* Les certificats ont une durée de vie.
* Ils expirent.
* Puis ils doivent être renouvelés et acquis à nouveau auprès de la tierce partie.
* Le cryptage de la connexion se fait au niveau du protocole TCP.
* C'est une couche en dessous de HTTP.
* Donc, le certificat et le traitement du cryptage sont faits avant HTTP.
* TCP ne connaît pas les "domaines", seulement les adresses IP.
* L'information sur le domaine spécifique demandé se trouve dans les données HTTP.
* Les certificats HTTPS "certifient" un certain domaine, mais le protocole et le cryptage se font au niveau TCP, avant de savoir quel domaine est traité.
* Par défaut, cela signifie que vous ne pouvez avoir qu'un seul certificat HTTPS par adresse IP.
* Quelle que soit la taille de votre serveur ou la taille de chacune des applications qu'il contient.
* Il existe cependant une solution à ce problème.
* Il existe une extension du protocole TLS (celui qui gère le cryptage au niveau TCP, avant HTTP) appelée <a
href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication" class="external-link" target="_blank"><abbr
title="Server Name Indication (indication du nom du serveur)">SNI (indication du nom du serveur)</abbr></a>.
* Cette extension SNI permet à un seul serveur (avec une seule adresse IP) d'avoir plusieurs certificats HTTPS et de servir plusieurs domaines/applications HTTPS.
* Pour que cela fonctionne, un seul composant (programme) fonctionnant sur le serveur, écoutant sur l'adresse IP publique, doit avoir tous les certificats HTTPS du serveur.
* Après avoir obtenu une connexion sécurisée, le protocole de communication est toujours HTTP.
* Le contenu est crypté, même s'il est envoyé avec le protocole HTTP.
Il est courant d'avoir un seul programme/serveur HTTP fonctionnant sur le serveur (la machine, l'hôte, etc.) et
gérant toutes les parties HTTPS : envoyer les requêtes HTTP décryptées à l'application HTTP réelle fonctionnant sur
le même serveur (dans ce cas, l'application **FastAPI**), prendre la réponse HTTP de l'application, la crypter en utilisant le certificat approprié et la renvoyer au client en utilisant HTTPS. Ce serveur est souvent appelé un <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS_termination_proxy" class="external-link" target="_blank">Proxy de terminaison TLS</a>.
## Let's Encrypt
Avant Let's Encrypt, ces certificats HTTPS étaient vendus par des tiers de confiance.
Le processus d'acquisition d'un de ces certificats était auparavant lourd, nécessitait pas mal de paperasses et les certificats étaient assez chers.
Mais ensuite, <a href="https://letsencrypt.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Let's Encrypt</a> a été créé.
Il s'agit d'un projet de la Fondation Linux. Il fournit des certificats HTTPS gratuitement. De manière automatisée. Ces certificats utilisent toutes les sécurités cryptographiques standard et ont une durée de vie courte (environ 3 mois), de sorte que la sécurité est en fait meilleure en raison de leur durée de vie réduite.
Les domaines sont vérifiés de manière sécurisée et les certificats sont générés automatiquement. Cela permet également d'automatiser le renouvellement de ces certificats.
L'idée est d'automatiser l'acquisition et le renouvellement de ces certificats, afin que vous puissiez disposer d'un HTTPS sécurisé, gratuitement et pour toujours.

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@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
# Déploiement - Intro
Le déploiement d'une application **FastAPI** est relativement simple.
## Que signifie le déploiement
**Déployer** une application signifie effectuer les étapes nécessaires pour la rendre **disponible pour les
utilisateurs**.
Pour une **API Web**, cela implique normalement de la placer sur une **machine distante**, avec un **programme serveur**
qui offre de bonnes performances, une bonne stabilité, _etc._, afin que vos **utilisateurs** puissent **accéder** à
l'application efficacement et sans interruption ni problème.
Ceci contraste avec les étapes de **développement**, où vous êtes constamment en train de modifier le code, de le casser
et de le réparer, d'arrêter et de redémarrer le serveur de développement, _etc._
## Stratégies de déploiement
Il existe plusieurs façons de procéder, en fonction de votre cas d'utilisation spécifique et des outils que vous
utilisez.
Vous pouvez **déployer un serveur** vous-même en utilisant une combinaison d'outils, vous pouvez utiliser un **service
cloud** qui fait une partie du travail pour vous, ou encore d'autres options possibles.
Je vais vous montrer certains des principaux concepts que vous devriez probablement avoir à l'esprit lors du déploiement
d'une application **FastAPI** (bien que la plupart de ces concepts s'appliquent à tout autre type d'application web).
Vous verrez plus de détails à avoir en tête et certaines des techniques pour le faire dans les sections suivantes. ✨

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@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
# À propos des versions de FastAPI
**FastAPI** est déjà utilisé en production dans de nombreuses applications et systèmes. Et la couverture de test est maintenue à 100 %. Mais son développement est toujours aussi rapide.
De nouvelles fonctionnalités sont ajoutées fréquemment, des bogues sont corrigés régulièrement et le code est
amélioré continuellement.
C'est pourquoi les versions actuelles sont toujours `0.x.x`, cela reflète que chaque version peut potentiellement
recevoir des changements non rétrocompatibles. Cela suit les conventions de <a href="https://semver.org/" class="external-link"
target="_blank">versionnage sémantique</a>.
Vous pouvez créer des applications de production avec **FastAPI** dès maintenant (et vous le faites probablement depuis un certain temps), vous devez juste vous assurer que vous utilisez une version qui fonctionne correctement avec le reste de votre code.
## Épinglez votre version de `fastapi`
Tout d'abord il faut "épingler" la version de **FastAPI** que vous utilisez à la dernière version dont vous savez
qu'elle fonctionne correctement pour votre application.
Par exemple, disons que vous utilisez la version `0.45.0` dans votre application.
Si vous utilisez un fichier `requirements.txt`, vous pouvez spécifier la version avec :
```txt
fastapi==0.45.0
```
ce qui signifierait que vous utiliseriez exactement la version `0.45.0`.
Ou vous pourriez aussi l'épingler avec :
```txt
fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0
```
cela signifierait que vous utiliseriez les versions `0.45.0` ou supérieures, mais inférieures à `0.46.0`, par exemple, une version `0.45.2` serait toujours acceptée.
Si vous utilisez un autre outil pour gérer vos installations, comme Poetry, Pipenv, ou autres, ils ont tous un moyen que vous pouvez utiliser pour définir des versions spécifiques pour vos paquets.
## Versions disponibles
Vous pouvez consulter les versions disponibles (par exemple, pour vérifier quelle est la dernière version en date) dans les [Notes de version](../release-notes.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
## À propos des versions
Suivant les conventions de versionnage sémantique, toute version inférieure à `1.0.0` peut potentiellement ajouter
des changements non rétrocompatibles.
FastAPI suit également la convention que tout changement de version "PATCH" est pour des corrections de bogues et
des changements rétrocompatibles.
!!! tip "Astuce"
Le "PATCH" est le dernier chiffre, par exemple, dans `0.2.3`, la version PATCH est `3`.
Donc, vous devriez être capable d'épingler une version comme suit :
```txt
fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0
```
Les changements non rétrocompatibles et les nouvelles fonctionnalités sont ajoutés dans les versions "MINOR".
!!! tip "Astuce"
Le "MINOR" est le numéro au milieu, par exemple, dans `0.2.3`, la version MINOR est `2`.
## Mise à jour des versions FastAPI
Vous devriez tester votre application.
Avec **FastAPI** c'est très facile (merci à Starlette), consultez la documentation : [Testing](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank}
Après avoir effectué des tests, vous pouvez mettre à jour la version **FastAPI** vers une version plus récente, et vous assurer que tout votre code fonctionne correctement en exécutant vos tests.
Si tout fonctionne, ou après avoir fait les changements nécessaires, et que tous vos tests passent, vous pouvez
épingler votre version de `fastapi` à cette nouvelle version récente.
## À propos de Starlette
Vous ne devriez pas épingler la version de `starlette`.
Différentes versions de **FastAPI** utiliseront une version spécifique plus récente de Starlette.
Ainsi, vous pouvez simplement laisser **FastAPI** utiliser la bonne version de Starlette.
## À propos de Pydantic
Pydantic inclut des tests pour **FastAPI** avec ses propres tests, ainsi les nouvelles versions de Pydantic (au-dessus
de `1.0.0`) sont toujours compatibles avec **FastAPI**.
Vous pouvez épingler Pydantic à toute version supérieure à `1.0.0` qui fonctionne pour vous et inférieure à `2.0.0`.
Par exemple :
```txt
pydantic>=1.2.0,<2.0.0
```

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@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
# Help FastAPI - Obtenir de l'aide
Aimez-vous **FastAPI** ?
Vous souhaitez aider FastAPI, les autres utilisateurs et l'auteur ?
Ou souhaitez-vous obtenir de l'aide avec le **FastAPI** ?
Il existe des moyens très simples d'aider (plusieurs ne nécessitent qu'un ou deux clics).
Il existe également plusieurs façons d'obtenir de l'aide.
## Star **FastAPI** sur GitHub
Vous pouvez "star" FastAPI dans GitHub (en cliquant sur le bouton étoile en haut à droite) : <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>. ⭐️
En ajoutant une étoile, les autres utilisateurs pourront la trouver plus facilement et constater qu'elle a déjà été utile à d'autres.
## Watch le dépôt GitHub pour les releases
Vous pouvez "watch" FastAPI dans GitHub (en cliquant sur le bouton "watch" en haut à droite) : <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>. 👀
Vous pouvez y sélectionner "Releases only".
Ainsi, vous recevrez des notifications (dans votre courrier électronique) chaque fois qu'il y aura une nouvelle version de **FastAPI** avec des corrections de bugs et de nouvelles fonctionnalités.
## Se rapprocher de l'auteur
Vous pouvez vous rapprocher de <a href="https://tiangolo.com" class="external-link" target="_blank">moi (Sebastián Ramírez / `tiangolo`)</a>, l'auteur.
Vous pouvez :
* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Me suivre sur **GitHub**</a>.
* Voir d'autres projets Open Source que j'ai créés et qui pourraient vous aider.
* Suivez-moi pour voir quand je crée un nouveau projet Open Source.
* <a href="https://twitter.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Me suivre sur **Twitter**</a>.
* Dites-moi comment vous utilisez FastAPI (j'adore entendre ça).
* Entendre quand je fais des annonces ou que je lance de nouveaux outils.
* <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vous connectez à moi sur **Linkedin**</a>.
* Etre notifié quand je fais des annonces ou que je lance de nouveaux outils (bien que j'utilise plus souvent Twitte 🤷‍♂).
* Lire ce que j’écris (ou me suivre) sur <a href="https://dev.to/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Dev.to**</a> ou <a href="https://medium.com/@tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Medium**</a>.
* Lire d'autres idées, articles, et sur les outils que j'ai créés.
* Suivez-moi pour lire quand je publie quelque chose de nouveau.
## Tweeter sur **FastAPI**
<a href="https://twitter.com/compose/tweet?text=I'm loving FastAPI because... https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi cc @tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Tweetez à propos de **FastAPI**</a> et faites-moi savoir, ainsi qu'aux autres, pourquoi vous aimez ça. 🎉
J'aime entendre parler de l'utilisation du **FastAPI**, de ce que vous avez aimé dedans, dans quel projet/entreprise l'utilisez-vous, etc.
## Voter pour FastAPI
* <a href="https://www.slant.co/options/34241/~fastapi-review" class="external-link" target="_blank">Votez pour **FastAPI** sur Slant</a>.
* <a href="https://alternativeto.net/software/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Votez pour **FastAPI** sur AlternativeTo</a>.
* <a href="https://github.com/marmelab/awesome-rest/pull/93" class="external-link" target="_blank">Votez pour **FastAPI** sur awesome-rest</a>.
## Aider les autres à résoudre les problèmes dans GitHub
Vous pouvez voir <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues" class="external-link" target="_blank">les problèmes existants</a> et essayer d'aider les autres, la plupart du temps il s'agit de questions dont vous connaissez peut-être déjà la réponse. 🤓
## Watch le dépôt GitHub
Vous pouvez "watch" FastAPI dans GitHub (en cliquant sur le bouton "watch" en haut à droite) : <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>. 👀
Si vous sélectionnez "Watching" au lieu de "Releases only", vous recevrez des notifications lorsque quelqu'un crée une nouvelle Issue.
Vous pouvez alors essayer de les aider à résoudre ces problèmes.
## Créer une Issue
Vous pouvez <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/new/choose" class="external-link" target="_blank">créer une Issue</a> dans le dépôt GitHub, par exemple pour :
* Poser une question ou s'informer sur un problème.
* Suggérer une nouvelle fonctionnalité.
**Note** : si vous créez un problème, alors je vais vous demander d'aider aussi les autres. 😉
## Créer une Pull Request
Vous pouvez <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">créer une Pull Request</a>, par exemple :
* Pour corriger une faute de frappe que vous avez trouvée sur la documentation.
* Proposer de nouvelles sections de documentation.
* Pour corriger une Issue/Bug existant.
* Pour ajouter une nouvelle fonctionnalité.
## Rejoindre le chat
<a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge" target="_blank">
<img src="https://badges.gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Rejoindre le chat à https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi">
</a>
Rejoignez le chat sur Gitter: <a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi</a>.
Vous pouvez y avoir des conversations rapides avec d'autres personnes, aider les autres, partager des idées, etc.
Mais gardez à l'esprit que, comme il permet une "conversation plus libre", il est facile de poser des questions trop générales et plus difficiles à répondre, de sorte que vous risquez de ne pas recevoir de réponses.
Dans les Issues de GitHub, le modèle vous guidera pour écrire la bonne question afin que vous puissiez plus facilement obtenir une bonne réponse, ou même résoudre le problème vous-même avant même de le poser. Et dans GitHub, je peux m'assurer que je réponds toujours à tout, même si cela prend du temps. Je ne peux pas faire cela personnellement avec le chat Gitter. 😅
Les conversations dans Gitter ne sont pas non plus aussi facilement consultables que dans GitHub, de sorte que les questions et les réponses peuvent se perdre dans la conversation.
De l'autre côté, il y a plus de 1000 personnes dans le chat, il y a donc de fortes chances que vous y trouviez quelqu'un à qui parler, presque tout le temps. 😄
## Parrainer l'auteur
Vous pouvez également soutenir financièrement l'auteur (moi) via <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub sponsors</a>.
Là, vous pourriez m'offrir un café ☕️ pour me remercier 😄.
## Sponsoriser les outils qui font fonctionner FastAPI
Comme vous l'avez vu dans la documentation, FastAPI se tient sur les épaules des géants, Starlette et Pydantic.
Vous pouvez également parrainer :
* <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/samuelcolvin" class="external-link" target="_blank">Samuel Colvin (Pydantic)</a>
* <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/encode" class="external-link" target="_blank">Encode (Starlette, Uvicorn)</a>
---
Merci ! 🚀

79
docs/fr/docs/history-design-future.md

@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
# Histoire, conception et avenir
Il y a quelque temps, <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/3#issuecomment-454956920" class="external-link" target="_blank">un utilisateur de **FastAPI** a demandé</a> :
> Quelle est l'histoire de ce projet ? Il semble être sorti de nulle part et est devenu génial en quelques semaines [...].
Voici un petit bout de cette histoire.
## Alternatives
Je crée des API avec des exigences complexes depuis plusieurs années (Machine Learning, systèmes distribués, jobs asynchrones, bases de données NoSQL, etc), en dirigeant plusieurs équipes de développeurs.
Dans ce cadre, j'ai dû étudier, tester et utiliser de nombreuses alternatives.
L'histoire de **FastAPI** est en grande partie l'histoire de ses prédécesseurs.
Comme dit dans la section [Alternatives](alternatives.md){.internal-link target=\_blank} :
<blockquote markdown="1">
**FastAPI** n'existerait pas sans le travail antérieur d'autres personnes.
Il y a eu de nombreux outils créés auparavant qui ont contribué à inspirer sa création.
J'ai évité la création d'un nouveau framework pendant plusieurs années. J'ai d'abord essayé de résoudre toutes les fonctionnalités couvertes par **FastAPI** en utilisant de nombreux frameworks, plug-ins et outils différents.
Mais à un moment donné, il n'y avait pas d'autre option que de créer quelque chose qui offre toutes ces fonctionnalités, en prenant les meilleures idées des outils précédents, et en les combinant de la meilleure façon possible, en utilisant des fonctionnalités du langage qui n'étaient même pas disponibles auparavant (annotations de type pour Python 3.6+).
</blockquote>
## Recherche
En utilisant toutes les alternatives précédentes, j'ai eu la chance d'apprendre de toutes, de prendre des idées, et de les combiner de la meilleure façon que j'ai pu trouver pour moi-même et les équipes de développeurs avec lesquelles j'ai travaillé.
Par exemple, il était clair que l'idéal était de se baser sur les annotations de type Python standard.
De plus, la meilleure approche était d'utiliser des normes déjà existantes.
Ainsi, avant même de commencer à coder **FastAPI**, j'ai passé plusieurs mois à étudier les spécifications d'OpenAPI, JSON Schema, OAuth2, etc. Comprendre leurs relations, leurs similarités et leurs différences.
## Conception
Ensuite, j'ai passé du temps à concevoir l'"API" de développeur que je voulais avoir en tant qu'utilisateur (en tant que développeur utilisant FastAPI).
J'ai testé plusieurs idées dans les éditeurs Python les plus populaires : PyCharm, VS Code, les éditeurs basés sur Jedi.
D'après la dernière <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/research/python-developers-survey-2018/#development-tools" class="external-link" target="_blank">Enquête Développeurs Python</a>, cela couvre environ 80% des utilisateurs.
Cela signifie que **FastAPI** a été spécifiquement testé avec les éditeurs utilisés par 80% des développeurs Python. Et comme la plupart des autres éditeurs ont tendance à fonctionner de façon similaire, tous ses avantages devraient fonctionner pour pratiquement tous les éditeurs.
Ainsi, j'ai pu trouver les meilleurs moyens de réduire autant que possible la duplication du code, d'avoir la complétion partout, les contrôles de type et d'erreur, etc.
Le tout de manière à offrir la meilleure expérience de développement à tous les développeurs.
## Exigences
Après avoir testé plusieurs alternatives, j'ai décidé que j'allais utiliser <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Pydantic**</a> pour ses avantages.
J'y ai ensuite contribué, pour le rendre entièrement compatible avec JSON Schema, pour supporter différentes manières de définir les déclarations de contraintes, et pour améliorer le support des éditeurs (vérifications de type, autocomplétion) sur la base des tests effectués dans plusieurs éditeurs.
Pendant le développement, j'ai également contribué à <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Starlette**</a>, l'autre exigence clé.
## Développement
Au moment où j'ai commencé à créer **FastAPI** lui-même, la plupart des pièces étaient déjà en place, la conception était définie, les exigences et les outils étaient prêts, et la connaissance des normes et des spécifications était claire et fraîche.
## Futur
À ce stade, il est déjà clair que **FastAPI** et ses idées sont utiles pour de nombreuses personnes.
Elle a été préférée aux solutions précédentes parce qu'elle convient mieux à de nombreux cas d'utilisation.
De nombreux développeurs et équipes dépendent déjà de **FastAPI** pour leurs projets (y compris moi et mon équipe).
Mais il y a encore de nombreuses améliorations et fonctionnalités à venir.
**FastAPI** a un grand avenir devant lui.
Et [votre aide](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=\_blank} est grandement appréciée.

8
docs/fr/docs/index.md

@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be
## Requirements ## Requirements
Python 3.6+ Python 3.7+
FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.u
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
```console ```console
$ pip install uvicorn[standard] $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
---> 100% ---> 100%
``` ```
@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
* **WebSockets** * **WebSockets**
* **GraphQL** * **GraphQL**
* extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
* **CORS** * **CORS**
* **Cookie Sessions** * **Cookie Sessions**
* ...and more. * ...and more.
@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
Used by Starlette: Used by Starlette:
* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. * <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>HTTPX</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
* <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`. * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
* <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

11
docs/fr/mkdocs.yml

@ -67,12 +67,21 @@ nav:
- tutorial/query-params.md - tutorial/query-params.md
- tutorial/body.md - tutorial/body.md
- tutorial/background-tasks.md - tutorial/background-tasks.md
- Guide utilisateur avancé:
- advanced/additional-status-codes.md
- advanced/additional-responses.md
- async.md - async.md
- Déploiement: - Déploiement:
- deployment/index.md
- deployment/versions.md
- deployment/https.md
- deployment/deta.md
- deployment/docker.md - deployment/docker.md
- project-generation.md - project-generation.md
- alternatives.md - alternatives.md
- history-design-future.md
- external-links.md - external-links.md
- help-fastapi.md
markdown_extensions: markdown_extensions:
- toc: - toc:
permalink: true permalink: true
@ -90,6 +99,8 @@ markdown_extensions:
format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format ''
- pymdownx.tabbed: - pymdownx.tabbed:
alternate_style: true alternate_style: true
- attr_list
- md_in_html
extra: extra:
analytics: analytics:
provider: google provider: google

2
docs/he/docs/index.md

@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ item: Item
בשימוש Starlette: בשימוש Starlette:
- <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש ב - `TestClient`. - <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש ב - `TestClient`.
- <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש בברירת המחדל של תצורת הטמפלייטים. - <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש בברירת המחדל של תצורת הטמפלייטים.
- <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - דרוש אם ברצונכם לתמוך ב <abbr title="המרת המחרוזת שמגיעה מבקשת HTTP למידע פייתון">"פרסור"</abbr> טפסים, באצמעות <code dir="ltr">request.form()</code>. - <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - דרוש אם ברצונכם לתמוך ב <abbr title="המרת המחרוזת שמגיעה מבקשת HTTP למידע פייתון">"פרסור"</abbr> טפסים, באצמעות <code dir="ltr">request.form()</code>.
- <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש ב - `SessionMiddleware`. - <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש ב - `SessionMiddleware`.

5
docs/he/mkdocs.yml

@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ nav:
- pt: /pt/ - pt: /pt/
- ru: /ru/ - ru: /ru/
- sq: /sq/ - sq: /sq/
- sv: /sv/
- tr: /tr/ - tr: /tr/
- uk: /uk/ - uk: /uk/
- zh: /zh/ - zh: /zh/
@ -74,6 +75,8 @@ markdown_extensions:
format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format ''
- pymdownx.tabbed: - pymdownx.tabbed:
alternate_style: true alternate_style: true
- attr_list
- md_in_html
extra: extra:
analytics: analytics:
provider: google provider: google
@ -126,6 +129,8 @@ extra:
name: ru - русский язык name: ru - русский язык
- link: /sq/ - link: /sq/
name: sq - shqip name: sq - shqip
- link: /sv/
name: sv - svenska
- link: /tr/ - link: /tr/
name: tr - Türkçe name: tr - Türkçe
- link: /uk/ - link: /uk/

8
docs/id/docs/index.md

@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be
## Requirements ## Requirements
Python 3.6+ Python 3.7+
FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.u
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
```console ```console
$ pip install uvicorn[standard] $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
---> 100% ---> 100%
``` ```
@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
* **WebSockets** * **WebSockets**
* **GraphQL** * **GraphQL**
* extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
* **CORS** * **CORS**
* **Cookie Sessions** * **Cookie Sessions**
* ...and more. * ...and more.
@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
Used by Starlette: Used by Starlette:
* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. * <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
* <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`. * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
* <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

80
docs/id/docs/tutorial/index.md

@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
# Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna - Pengenalan
Tutorial ini menunjukan cara menggunakan ***FastAPI*** dengan semua fitur-fiturnya, tahap demi tahap.
Setiap bagian dibangun secara bertahap dari bagian sebelumnya, tetapi terstruktur untuk memisahkan banyak topik, sehingga kamu bisa secara langsung menuju ke topik spesifik untuk menyelesaikan kebutuhan API tertentu.
Ini juga dibangun untuk digunakan sebagai referensi yang akan datang.
Sehingga kamu dapat kembali lagi dan mencari apa yang kamu butuhkan dengan tepat.
## Jalankan kode
Semua blok-blok kode dapat dicopy dan digunakan langsung (Mereka semua sebenarnya adalah file python yang sudah teruji).
Untuk menjalankan setiap contoh, copy kode ke file `main.py`, dan jalankan `uvicorn` dengan:
<div class="termy">
```console
$ uvicorn main:app --reload
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>: Started reloader process [28720]
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>: Started server process [28722]
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>: Waiting for application startup.
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>: Application startup complete.
```
</div>
**SANGAT disarankan** agar kamu menulis atau meng-copy kode, meng-editnya dan menjalankannya secara lokal.
Dengan menggunakannya di dalam editor, benar-benar memperlihatkan manfaat dari FastAPI, melihat bagaimana sedikitnya kode yang harus kamu tulis, semua pengecekan tipe, pelengkapan otomatis, dll.
---
## Install FastAPI
Langkah pertama adalah dengan meng-install FastAPI.
Untuk tutorial, kamu mungkin hendak meng-instalnya dengan semua pilihan fitur dan dependensinya:
<div class="termy">
```console
$ pip install "fastapi[all]"
---> 100%
```
</div>
...yang juga termasuk `uvicorn`, yang dapat kamu gunakan sebagai server yang menjalankan kodemu.
!!! catatan
Kamu juga dapat meng-instalnya bagian demi bagian.
Hal ini mungkin yang akan kamu lakukan ketika kamu hendak men-deploy aplikasimu ke tahap produksi:
```
pip install fastapi
```
Juga install `uvicorn` untk menjalankan server"
```
pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
```
Dan demikian juga untuk pilihan dependensi yang hendak kamu gunakan.
## Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan
Tersedia juga **Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan** yang dapat kamu baca nanti setelah **Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna** ini.
**Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan**, dibangun atas hal ini, menggunakan konsep yang sama, dan mengajarkan kepadamu beberapa fitur tambahan.
Tetapi kamu harus membaca terlebih dahulu **Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna** (apa yang sedang kamu baca sekarang).
Hal ini didesain sehingga kamu dapat membangun aplikasi lengkap dengan hanya **Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna**, dan kemudian mengembangkannya ke banyak cara yang berbeda, tergantung dari kebutuhanmu, menggunakan beberapa ide-ide tambahan dari **Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan**.

2
docs/id/mkdocs.yml

@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ markdown_extensions:
format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format ''
- pymdownx.tabbed: - pymdownx.tabbed:
alternate_style: true alternate_style: true
- attr_list
- md_in_html
extra: extra:
analytics: analytics:
provider: google provider: google

8
docs/it/docs/index.md

@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be
## Requirements ## Requirements
Python 3.6+ Python 3.7+
FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.u
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
```console ```console
$ pip install uvicorn[standard] $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
---> 100% ---> 100%
``` ```
@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
* **WebSockets** * **WebSockets**
* **GraphQL** * **GraphQL**
* extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
* **CORS** * **CORS**
* **Cookie Sessions** * **Cookie Sessions**
* ...and more. * ...and more.
@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
Used by Starlette: Used by Starlette:
* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. * <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
* <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`. * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
* <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

2
docs/it/mkdocs.yml

@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ markdown_extensions:
format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format ''
- pymdownx.tabbed: - pymdownx.tabbed:
alternate_style: true alternate_style: true
- attr_list
- md_in_html
extra: extra:
analytics: analytics:
provider: google provider: google

156
docs/ja/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md

@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
# NoSQL (分散 / ビッグデータ) Databases
**FastAPI** はあらゆる <abbr title="分散データベース (Big Data)や 'Not Only SQL'">NoSQL</abbr>と統合することもできます。
ここでは<abbr title="ここでのドキュメントとは、キーと値を持つJSONオブジェクト(ディクショナリー)をあらわし、これらの値は他のJSONオブジェクトや配列(リスト)、数値、文字列、真偽値などにすることができます。">ドキュメント</abbr>ベースのNoSQLデータベースである**<a href="https://www.couchbase.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Couchbase</a>**を使用した例を見てみましょう。
他にもこれらのNoSQLデータベースを利用することが出来ます:
* **MongoDB**
* **Cassandra**
* **CouchDB**
* **ArangoDB**
* **ElasticSearch** など。
!!! tip "豆知識"
**FastAPI**と**Couchbase**を使った公式プロジェクト・ジェネレータがあります。すべて**Docker**ベースで、フロントエンドやその他のツールも含まれています: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase</a>
## Couchbase コンポーネントの Import
まずはImportしましょう。今はその他のソースコードに注意を払う必要はありません。
```Python hl_lines="3-5"
{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```
## "document type" として利用する定数の定義
documentで利用する固定の`type`フィールドを用意しておきます。
これはCouchbaseで必須ではありませんが、後々の助けになるベストプラクティスです。
```Python hl_lines="9"
{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```
## `Bucket` を取得する関数の追加
**Couchbase**では、bucketはdocumentのセットで、様々な種類のものがあります。
Bucketは通常、同一のアプリケーション内で互いに関係を持っています。
リレーショナルデータベースの世界でいう"database"(データベースサーバではなく特定のdatabase)と類似しています。
**MongoDB** で例えると"collection"と似た概念です。
次のコードでは主に `Bucket` を利用してCouchbaseを操作します。
この関数では以下の処理を行います:
* **Couchbase** クラスタ(1台の場合もあるでしょう)に接続
* タイムアウトのデフォルト値を設定
* クラスタで認証を取得
* `Bucket` インスタンスを取得
* タイムアウトのデフォルト値を設定
* 作成した`Bucket`インスタンスを返却
```Python hl_lines="12-21"
{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```
## Pydantic モデルの作成
**Couchbase**のdocumentは実際には単にJSONオブジェクトなのでPydanticを利用してモデルに出来ます。
### `User` モデル
まずは`User`モデルを作成してみましょう:
```Python hl_lines="24-28"
{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```
このモデルは*path operation*に使用するので`hashed_password`は含めません。
### `UserInDB` モデル
それでは`UserInDB`モデルを作成しましょう。
こちらは実際にデータベースに保存されるデータを保持します。
`User`モデルの持つ全ての属性に加えていくつかの属性を追加するのでPydanticの`BaseModel`を継承せずに`User`のサブクラスとして定義します:
```Python hl_lines="31-33"
{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```
!!! note "備考"
データベースに保存される`hashed_password`と`type`フィールドを`UserInDB`モデルに保持させていることに注意してください。
しかしこれらは(*path operation*で返却する)一般的な`User`モデルには含まれません
## user の取得
それでは次の関数を作成しましょう:
* username を取得する
* username を利用してdocumentのIDを生成する
* 作成したIDでdocumentを取得する
* documentの内容を`UserInDB`モデルに設定する
*path operation関数*とは別に、`username`(またはその他のパラメータ)からuserを取得することだけに特化した関数を作成することで、より簡単に複数の部分で再利用したり<abbr title="コードで書かれた自動テストで、他のコードが正しく動作しているかどうかをチェックするもの。">ユニットテスト</abbr>を追加することができます。
```Python hl_lines="36-42"
{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```
### f-strings
`f"userprofile::{username}"` という記載に馴染みがありませんか?これは Python の"<a href="https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-f-string" class="external-link" target="_blank">f-string</a>"と呼ばれるものです。
f-stringの`{}`の中に入れられた変数は、文字列の中に展開/注入されます。
### `dict` アンパック
`UserInDB(**result.value)`という記載に馴染みがありませんか?<a href="https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-argument" class="external-link" target="_blank">これは`dict`の"アンパック"</a>と呼ばれるものです。
これは`result.value`の`dict`からそのキーと値をそれぞれ取りキーワード引数として`UserInDB`に渡します。
例えば`dict`が下記のようになっていた場合:
```Python
{
"username": "johndoe",
"hashed_password": "some_hash",
}
```
`UserInDB`には次のように渡されます:
```Python
UserInDB(username="johndoe", hashed_password="some_hash")
```
## **FastAPI** コードの実装
### `FastAPI` app の作成
```Python hl_lines="46"
{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```
### *path operation関数*の作成
私たちのコードはCouchbaseを呼び出しており、<a href="https://docs.couchbase.com/python-sdk/2.5/async-programming.html#asyncio-python-3-5" class="external-link" target="_blank">実験的なPython <code>await</code></a>を使用していないので、私たちは`async def`ではなく通常の`def`で関数を宣言する必要があります。
また、Couchbaseは単一の`Bucket`オブジェクトを複数の<abbr title="プログラムによって実行される一連のコードのことで、同時に、または間隔をおいて他のコードも実行されることがあります。">スレッド</abbr>で使用しないことを推奨していますので、単に直接Bucketを取得して関数に渡すことが出来ます。
```Python hl_lines="49-53"
{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```
## まとめ
他のサードパーティ製のNoSQLデータベースを利用する場合でも、そのデータベースの標準ライブラリを利用するだけで利用できます。
他の外部ツール、システム、APIについても同じことが言えます。

186
docs/ja/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
# WebSocket
**FastAPI**で<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API" class="external-link" target="_blank">WebSocket</a>が使用できます。
## `WebSockets`のインストール
まず `WebSockets`のインストールが必要です。
<div class="termy">
```console
$ pip install websockets
---> 100%
```
</div>
## WebSocket クライアント
### 本番環境
本番環境では、React、Vue.js、Angularなどの最新のフレームワークで作成されたフロントエンドを使用しているでしょう。
そして、バックエンドとWebSocketを使用して通信するために、おそらくフロントエンドのユーティリティを使用することになるでしょう。
または、ネイティブコードでWebSocketバックエンドと直接通信するネイティブモバイルアプリケーションがあるかもしれません。
他にも、WebSocketのエンドポイントと通信する方法があるかもしれません。
---
ただし、この例では非常にシンプルなHTML文書といくつかのJavaScriptを、すべてソースコードの中に入れて使用することにします。
もちろん、これは最適な方法ではありませんし、本番環境で使うことはないでしょう。
本番環境では、上記の方法のいずれかの選択肢を採用することになるでしょう。
しかし、これはWebSocketのサーバーサイドに焦点を当て、実用的な例を示す最も簡単な方法です。
```Python hl_lines="2 6-38 41-43"
{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!}
```
## `websocket` を作成する
**FastAPI** アプリケーションで、`websocket` を作成します。
```Python hl_lines="1 46-47"
{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!}
```
!!! note "技術詳細"
`from starlette.websockets import WebSocket` を使用しても構いません.
**FastAPI** は開発者の利便性のために、同じ `WebSocket` を提供します。しかし、こちらはStarletteから直接提供されるものです。
## メッセージの送受信
WebSocketルートでは、 `await` を使ってメッセージの送受信ができます。
```Python hl_lines="48-52"
{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!}
```
バイナリやテキストデータ、JSONデータを送受信できます。
## 試してみる
ファイル名が `main.py` である場合、以下の方法でアプリケーションを実行します。
<div class="termy">
```console
$ uvicorn main:app --reload
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
```
</div>
ブラウザで <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000</a> を開きます。
次のようなシンプルなページが表示されます。
<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image01.png">
入力ボックスにメッセージを入力して送信できます。
<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image02.png">
そして、 WebSocketを使用した**FastAPI**アプリケーションが応答します。
<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image03.png">
複数のメッセージを送信(および受信)できます。
<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image04.png">
そして、これらの通信はすべて同じWebSocket接続を使用します。
## 依存関係
WebSocketエンドポイントでは、`fastapi` から以下をインポートして使用できます。
* `Depends`
* `Security`
* `Cookie`
* `Header`
* `Path`
* `Query`
これらは、他のFastAPI エンドポイント/*path operation* の場合と同じように機能します。
```Python hl_lines="58-65 68-83"
{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py!}
```
!!! info "情報"
WebSocket で `HTTPException` を発生させることはあまり意味がありません。したがって、WebSocketの接続を直接閉じる方がよいでしょう。
クロージングコードは、<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-7.4.1" class="external-link" target="_blank">仕様で定義された有効なコード</a>の中から使用することができます。
将来的には、どこからでも `raise` できる `WebSocketException` が用意され、専用の例外ハンドラを追加できるようになる予定です。これは、Starlette の <a href="https://github.com/encode/starlette/pull/527" class="external-link" target="_blank">PR #527</a> に依存するものです。
### 依存関係を用いてWebSocketsを試してみる
ファイル名が `main.py` である場合、以下の方法でアプリケーションを実行します。
<div class="termy">
```console
$ uvicorn main:app --reload
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
```
</div>
ブラウザで <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000</a> を開きます。
クライアントが設定できる項目は以下の通りです。
* パスで使用される「Item ID」
* クエリパラメータとして使用される「Token」
!!! tip "豆知識"
クエリ `token` は依存パッケージによって処理されることに注意してください。
これにより、WebSocketに接続してメッセージを送受信できます。
<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image05.png">
## 切断や複数クライアントへの対応
WebSocket接続が閉じられると、 `await websocket.receive_text()` は例外 `WebSocketDisconnect` を発生させ、この例のようにキャッチして処理することができます。
```Python hl_lines="81-83"
{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003.py!}
```
試してみるには、
* いくつかのブラウザタブでアプリを開きます。
* それらのタブでメッセージを記入してください。
* そして、タブのうち1つを閉じてください。
これにより例外 `WebSocketDisconnect` が発生し、他のすべてのクライアントは次のようなメッセージを受信します。
```
Client #1596980209979 left the chat
```
!!! tip "豆知識"
上記のアプリは、複数の WebSocket 接続に対してメッセージを処理し、ブロードキャストする方法を示すための最小限のシンプルな例です。
しかし、すべての接続がメモリ内の単一のリストで処理されるため、プロセスの実行中にのみ機能し、単一のプロセスでのみ機能することに注意してください。
もしFastAPIと簡単に統合できて、RedisやPostgreSQLなどでサポートされている、より堅牢なものが必要なら、<a href="https://github.com/encode/broadcaster" class="external-link" target="_blank">encode/broadcaster</a> を確認してください。
## その他のドキュメント
オプションの詳細については、Starletteのドキュメントを確認してください。
* <a href="https://www.starlette.io/websockets/" class="external-link" target="_blank"> `WebSocket` クラス</a>
* <a href="https://www.starlette.io/endpoints/#websocketendpoint" class="external-link" target="_blank">クラスベースのWebSocket処理</a>

45
docs/ja/docs/contributing.md

@ -88,62 +88,29 @@ $ python -m venv env
!!! tip "豆知識" !!! tip "豆知識"
この環境で`pip`を使って新しいパッケージをインストールするたびに、仮想環境を再度有効化します。 この環境で`pip`を使って新しいパッケージをインストールするたびに、仮想環境を再度有効化します。
これにより、そのパッケージによってインストールされたターミナルのプログラム (`flit`など) を使用する場合、ローカル環境のものを使用し、グローバルにインストールされたものは使用されなくなります。 これにより、そのパッケージによってインストールされたターミナルのプログラム を使用する場合、ローカル環境のものを使用し、グローバルにインストールされたものは使用されなくなります。
### Flit ### pip
**FastAPI**は<a href="https://flit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">Flit</a> を使って、ビルド、パッケージ化、公開します。 上記のように環境を有効化した後:
上記のように環境を有効化した後、`flit`をインストールします:
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
```console ```console
$ pip install flit $ pip install -e ."[dev,doc,test]"
---> 100% ---> 100%
``` ```
</div> </div>
次に、環境を再び有効化して、インストールしたばかりの`flit` (グローバルではない) を使用していることを確認します。
そして、`flit`を使用して開発のための依存関係をインストールします:
=== "Linux, macOS"
<div class="termy">
```console
$ flit install --deps develop --symlink
---> 100%
```
</div>
=== "Windows"
Windowsユーザーは、`--symlink`のかわりに`--pth-file`を使用します:
<div class="termy">
```console
$ flit install --deps develop --pth-file
---> 100%
```
</div>
これで、すべての依存関係とFastAPIを、ローカル環境にインストールします。 これで、すべての依存関係とFastAPIを、ローカル環境にインストールします。
#### ローカル環境でFastAPIを使う #### ローカル環境でFastAPIを使う
FastAPIをインポートして使用するPythonファイルを作成し、ローカル環境で実行すると、ローカルのFastAPIソースコードが使用されます。 FastAPIをインポートして使用するPythonファイルを作成し、ローカル環境で実行すると、ローカルのFastAPIソースコードが使用されます。
そして、`--symlink` (Windowsでは` --pth-file`) でインストールされているローカルのFastAPIソースコードを更新した場合、そのPythonファイルを再度実行すると、更新したばかりの新しいバージョンのFastAPIが使用されます。 そして、`-e` でインストールされているローカルのFastAPIソースコードを更新した場合、そのPythonファイルを再度実行すると、更新したばかりの新しいバージョンのFastAPIが使用されます。
これにより、ローカルバージョンを「インストール」しなくても、すべての変更をテストできます。 これにより、ローカルバージョンを「インストール」しなくても、すべての変更をテストできます。
@ -161,7 +128,7 @@ $ bash scripts/format.sh
また、すべてのインポートを自動でソートします。 また、すべてのインポートを自動でソートします。
正しく並べ替えるには、上記セクションのコマンドで `--symlink` (Windowsの場合は` --pth-file`) を使い、FastAPIをローカル環境にインストールしている必要があります。 正しく並べ替えるには、上記セクションのコマンドで `-e` を使い、FastAPIをローカル環境にインストールしている必要があります。
### インポートの整形 ### インポートの整形

2
docs/ja/docs/deployment/manually.md

@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
```console ```console
$ pip install uvicorn[standard] $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
---> 100% ---> 100%
``` ```

2
docs/ja/docs/features.md

@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ FastAPIには非常に使いやすく、非常に強力な<abbr title='also know
* **GraphQL**のサポート * **GraphQL**のサポート
* プロセス内バックグラウンドタスク * プロセス内バックグラウンドタスク
* 起動およびシャットダウンイベント * 起動およびシャットダウンイベント
* `requests`に基づいて構築されたテストクライアント * `httpx`に基づいて構築されたテストクライアント
* **CORS**、GZip、静的ファイル、ストリーミング応答 * **CORS**、GZip、静的ファイル、ストリーミング応答
* **セッションとCookie**のサポート * **セッションとCookie**のサポート
* テストカバレッジ100% * テストカバレッジ100%

8
docs/ja/docs/index.md

@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ FastAPI は、Pythonの標準である型ヒントに基づいてPython 3.6 以
## 必要条件 ## 必要条件
Python 3.6+ Python 3.7+
FastAPI は巨人の肩の上に立っています。 FastAPI は巨人の肩の上に立っています。
@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
```console ```console
$ pip install uvicorn[standard] $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
---> 100% ---> 100%
``` ```
@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ item: Item
- 以下のようなたくさんのおまけ機能(Starlette のおかげです): - 以下のようなたくさんのおまけ機能(Starlette のおかげです):
- **WebSockets** - **WebSockets**
- **GraphQL** - **GraphQL**
- `requests``pytest`をもとにした極限に簡単なテスト - `httpx``pytest`をもとにした極限に簡単なテスト
- **CORS** - **CORS**
- **クッキーセッション** - **クッキーセッション**
- ...などなど。 - ...などなど。
@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ Pydantic によって使用されるもの:
Starlette によって使用されるもの: Starlette によって使用されるもの:
- <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - `TestClient`を使用するために必要です。 - <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - `TestClient`を使用するために必要です。
- <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - デフォルトのテンプレート設定を使用する場合は必要です。 - <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - デフォルトのテンプレート設定を使用する場合は必要です。
- <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>`request.form()`からの変換をサポートしたい場合は必要です。 - <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>`request.form()`からの変換をサポートしたい場合は必要です。
- <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - `SessionMiddleware` サポートのためには必要です。 - <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - `SessionMiddleware` サポートのためには必要です。

4
docs/ja/docs/tutorial/index.md

@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --reload
<div class="termy"> <div class="termy">
```console ```console
$ pip install fastapi[all] $ pip install "fastapi[all]"
---> 100% ---> 100%
``` ```
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all]
また、サーバーとして動作するように`uvicorn` をインストールします: また、サーバーとして動作するように`uvicorn` をインストールします:
``` ```
pip install uvicorn[standard] pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
``` ```
そして、使用したい依存関係をそれぞれ同様にインストールします。 そして、使用したい依存関係をそれぞれ同様にインストールします。

8
docs/ja/docs/tutorial/query-params.md

@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=20
同様に、デフォルト値を `None` とすることで、オプショナルなクエリパラメータを宣言できます: 同様に、デフォルト値を `None` とすることで、オプショナルなクエリパラメータを宣言できます:
```Python hl_lines="7" ```Python hl_lines="9"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!} {!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
``` ```
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=20
`bool` 型も宣言できます。これは以下の様に変換されます: `bool` 型も宣言できます。これは以下の様に変換されます:
```Python hl_lines="7" ```Python hl_lines="9"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py!} {!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py!}
``` ```
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes
名前で判別されます: 名前で判別されます:
```Python hl_lines="6 8" ```Python hl_lines="8 10"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py!} {!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py!}
``` ```
@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item?needy=sooooneedy
そして当然、あるパラメータを必須に、別のパラメータにデフォルト値を設定し、また別のパラメータをオプショナルにできます: そして当然、あるパラメータを必須に、別のパラメータにデフォルト値を設定し、また別のパラメータをオプショナルにできます:
```Python hl_lines="7" ```Python hl_lines="10"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!} {!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!}
``` ```

8
docs/ja/docs/tutorial/testing.md

@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
<a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a> のおかげで、**FastAPI** アプリケーションのテストは簡単で楽しいものになっています。 <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a> のおかげで、**FastAPI** アプリケーションのテストは簡単で楽しいものになっています。
<a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a> がベースなので、非常に使いやすく直感的です。 <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a> がベースなので、非常に使いやすく直感的です。
これを使用すると、**FastAPI** と共に <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a> を直接利用できます。 これを使用すると、**FastAPI** と共に <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a> を直接利用できます。
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
`test_` から始まる名前の関数を作成します (これは `pytest` の標準的なコンベンションです)。 `test_` から始まる名前の関数を作成します (これは `pytest` の標準的なコンベンションです)。
`requests` と同じ様に `TestClient` オブジェクトを使用します。 `httpx` と同じ様に `TestClient` オブジェクトを使用します。
チェックしたい Python の標準的な式と共に、シンプルに `assert` 文を記述します。 チェックしたい Python の標準的な式と共に、シンプルに `assert` 文を記述します。
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
{!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py!} {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py!}
``` ```
リクエストに情報を渡せるクライアントが必要で、その方法がわからない場合はいつでも、`requests` での実現方法を検索 (Google) できます。 リクエストに情報を渡せるクライアントが必要で、その方法がわからない場合はいつでも、`httpx` での実現方法を検索 (Google) できます。
テストでも同じことを行います。 テストでも同じことを行います。
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
* *ヘッダー* を渡すには、`headers` パラメータに `dict` を渡します。 * *ヘッダー* を渡すには、`headers` パラメータに `dict` を渡します。
* *cookies* の場合、 `cookies` パラメータに `dict` です。 * *cookies* の場合、 `cookies` パラメータに `dict` です。
(`requests` または `TestClient` を使用して) バックエンドにデータを渡す方法の詳細は、<a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requestsのドキュメント</a>を確認してください。 (`httpx` または `TestClient` を使用して) バックエンドにデータを渡す方法の詳細は、<a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPXのドキュメント</a>を確認してください。
!!! info "情報" !!! info "情報"
`TestClient` は、Pydanticモデルではなく、JSONに変換できるデータを受け取ることに注意してください。 `TestClient` は、Pydanticモデルではなく、JSONに変換できるデータを受け取ることに注意してください。

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