Fix non-deterministic openapi spec

v0.128.0 introduced non-deterministic openapi spec schema naming in
the case of multiple pydantic models with the same name.

Commit [e300630](e300630551 (diff-1086603fdd56511aafd1d279396b142b803e48164327148e6de26cef4cdaed81L504))
removed the check for conflicting names.

The component names two classes named `User` would randomly be either

```
User
tests__test_duplicate_model_names_openapi__b__model__User
```

```
tests__test_duplicate_model_names_openapi__a__model__User
User
```

With this change, we reintroduce the conflict check to always use
a hash of the fully qualified names in case of conflict.

fastapi/_compat/v2.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import hashlib
 import re
 import warnings
 from collections.abc import Sequence
@@ -491,10 +492,24 @@ def normalize_name(name: str) -> str:
     return re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9.\-_]", "_", name)
 
 
+def get_long_model_name(model: TypeModelOrEnum) -> str:
+    return f"{model.__qualname__}_{hashlib.sha1(model.__module__.encode()).hexdigest()}"
+
+
 def get_model_name_map(unique_models: TypeModelSet) -> dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str]:
     name_model_map = {}
+    conflicting_names: set[str] = set()
     for model in unique_models:
         model_name = normalize_name(model.__name__)
+        if model_name in conflicting_names:
+            model_name = get_long_model_name(model)
+            name_model_map[model_name] = model
+        elif model_name in name_model_map:
+            conflicting_names.add(model_name)
+            conflicting_model = name_model_map.pop(model_name)
+            name_model_map[get_long_model_name(conflicting_model)] = conflicting_model
+            name_model_map[get_long_model_name(model)] = model
+        else:
             name_model_map[model_name] = model
     return {v: k for k, v in name_model_map.items()}
 

tests/test_duplicate_model_names_openapi/a/model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+class User(BaseModel):
+    a: int

tests/test_duplicate_model_names_openapi/app.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+from tests.test_duplicate_model_names_openapi.a.model import User as UserA
+from tests.test_duplicate_model_names_openapi.b.model import User as UserB
+from tests.test_duplicate_model_names_openapi.c.model import User as UserC
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/a", response_model=UserA)
+def user_a(): ...
+
+
+@app.get("/b", response_model=UserB)
+def user_b(): ...
+
+
+@app.get("/c", response_model=UserC)
+def user_c(): ...

tests/test_duplicate_model_names_openapi/b/model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+class User(BaseModel):
+    b: int

tests/test_duplicate_model_names_openapi/c/model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+class User(BaseModel):
+    c: int

tests/test_duplicate_model_names_openapi/test_duplicate_model_names_openapi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import json
+
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from .app import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+
+    schema = response.json()
+    component_names = schema["components"]["schemas"].keys()
+
+    # Hashed fully qualified names due to conflict
+    assert set(component_names) == {
+        "User_46cbb9d5ba5400ba253a3caa105ccc482d1388ff",
+        "User_42908c96f764fbf5360c1ae9d3a2a96d90d97bef",
+        "User_3c4b81c0ed34bf97eb9b4ac8ced9dc17e0dccbb7",
+    }
+
+    assert schema == {
+        "openapi": "3.1.0",
+        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+        "paths": {
+            "/a": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "User A",
+                    "operationId": "user_a_a_get",
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/User_42908c96f764fbf5360c1ae9d3a2a96d90d97bef"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        }
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/b": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "User B",
+                    "operationId": "user_b_b_get",
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/User_3c4b81c0ed34bf97eb9b4ac8ced9dc17e0dccbb7"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        }
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+            "/c": {
+                "get": {
+                    "summary": "User C",
+                    "operationId": "user_c_c_get",
+                    "responses": {
+                        "200": {
+                            "description": "Successful Response",
+                            "content": {
+                                "application/json": {
+                                    "schema": {
+                                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/User_46cbb9d5ba5400ba253a3caa105ccc482d1388ff"
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                        }
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+        },
+        "components": {
+            "schemas": {
+                "User_3c4b81c0ed34bf97eb9b4ac8ced9dc17e0dccbb7": {
+                    "properties": {"b": {"type": "integer", "title": "B"}},
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": ["b"],
+                    "title": "User",
+                },
+                "User_42908c96f764fbf5360c1ae9d3a2a96d90d97bef": {
+                    "properties": {"a": {"type": "integer", "title": "A"}},
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": ["a"],
+                    "title": "User",
+                },
+                "User_46cbb9d5ba5400ba253a3caa105ccc482d1388ff": {
+                    "properties": {"c": {"type": "integer", "title": "C"}},
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "required": ["c"],
+                    "title": "User",
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    }