🎨 Format files with pre-commit and Ruff (#611)

src/backend/app/alembic/env.py

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 import os
+from logging.config import fileConfig
 
 from alembic import context
 from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config, pool
-from logging.config import fileConfig
 
 # this is the Alembic Config object, which provides
 # access to the values within the .ini file in use.
@@ -69,7 +67,9 @@ def run_migrations_online():
     configuration = config.get_section(config.config_ini_section)
     configuration["sqlalchemy.url"] = get_url()
     connectable = engine_from_config(
-        configuration, prefix="sqlalchemy.", poolclass=pool.NullPool,
+        configuration,
+        prefix="sqlalchemy.",
+        poolclass=pool.NullPool,
     )
 
     with connectable.connect() as connection:

src/backend/app/alembic/versions/e2412789c190_initialize_models.py

@@ -5,13 +5,12 @@ Revises:
 Create Date: 2023-11-24 22:55:43.195942
 
 """
-from alembic import op
 import sqlalchemy as sa
 import sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes
-
+from alembic import op
 
 # revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
-revision = 'e2412789c190'
+revision = "e2412789c190"
 down_revision = None
 branch_labels = None
 depends_on = None
@@ -19,30 +18,37 @@ depends_on = None
 
 def upgrade():
     # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
-    op.create_table('user',
-    sa.Column('email', sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False),
-    sa.Column('is_active', sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
-    sa.Column('is_superuser', sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
-    sa.Column('full_name', sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=True),
-    sa.Column('id', sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
-    sa.Column('hashed_password', sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False),
-    sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('id')
+    op.create_table(
+        "user",
+        sa.Column("email", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("is_active", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("is_superuser", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("full_name", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            "hashed_password", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False
+        ),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id"),
     )
-    op.create_index(op.f('ix_user_email'), 'user', ['email'], unique=True)
-    op.create_table('item',
-    sa.Column('description', sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=True),
-    sa.Column('id', sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
-    sa.Column('title', sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False),
-    sa.Column('owner_id', sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
-    sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(['owner_id'], ['user.id'], ),
-    sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('id')
+    op.create_index(op.f("ix_user_email"), "user", ["email"], unique=True)
+    op.create_table(
+        "item",
+        sa.Column("description", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("title", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("owner_id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ["owner_id"],
+            ["user.id"],
+        ),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id"),
     )
     # ### end Alembic commands ###
 
 
 def downgrade():
     # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
-    op.drop_table('item')
-    op.drop_index(op.f('ix_user_email'), table_name='user')
-    op.drop_table('user')
+    op.drop_table("item")
+    op.drop_index(op.f("ix_user_email"), table_name="user")
+    op.drop_table("user")
     # ### end Alembic commands ###

src/backend/app/api/api_v1/endpoints/items.py

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from typing import Any
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException
-from sqlmodel import select, func
+from sqlmodel import func, select
 
 from app.api.deps import CurrentUser, SessionDep
-from app.models import Item, ItemCreate, ItemOut, ItemUpdate, Message, ItemsOut
+from app.models import Item, ItemCreate, ItemOut, ItemsOut, ItemUpdate, Message
 
 router = APIRouter()
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def read_items(
 
     if current_user.is_superuser:
         statement = select(Item).offset(skip).limit(limit)
-        items =  session.exec(statement).all()
+        items = session.exec(statement).all()
     else:
         statement = (
             select(Item)

src/backend/app/api/api_v1/endpoints/users.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-from typing import Any, List
+from typing import Any
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException
-from sqlmodel import select, func
+from sqlmodel import func, select
 
 from app import crud
 from app.api.deps import (
@@ -28,9 +28,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 
 
 @router.get(
-    "/",
-    dependencies=[Depends(get_current_active_superuser)],
-    response_model=UsersOut
+    "/", dependencies=[Depends(get_current_active_superuser)], response_model=UsersOut
 )
 def read_users(session: SessionDep, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100) -> Any:
     """

src/backend/app/api/deps.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-from typing import Annotated, Generator
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from typing import Annotated
 
 from fastapi import Depends, HTTPException, status
 from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer

src/backend/app/core/config.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import secrets
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any
 
 from pydantic import AnyHttpUrl, BaseSettings, EmailStr, HttpUrl, PostgresDsn, validator
 
@@ -14,21 +14,21 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     # BACKEND_CORS_ORIGINS is a JSON-formatted list of origins
     # e.g: '["http://localhost", "http://localhost:4200", "http://localhost:3000", \
     # "http://localhost:8080", "http://local.dockertoolbox.tiangolo.com"]'
-    BACKEND_CORS_ORIGINS: List[AnyHttpUrl] = []
+    BACKEND_CORS_ORIGINS: list[AnyHttpUrl] = []
 
     @validator("BACKEND_CORS_ORIGINS", pre=True)
-    def assemble_cors_origins(cls, v: Union[str, List[str]]) -> Union[List[str], str]:
+    def assemble_cors_origins(cls, v: str | list[str]) -> list[str] | str:
         if isinstance(v, str) and not v.startswith("["):
             return [i.strip() for i in v.split(",")]
-        elif isinstance(v, (list, str)):
+        elif isinstance(v, list | str):
             return v
         raise ValueError(v)
 
     PROJECT_NAME: str
-    SENTRY_DSN: Optional[HttpUrl] = None
+    SENTRY_DSN: HttpUrl | None = None
 
     @validator("SENTRY_DSN", pre=True)
-    def sentry_dsn_can_be_blank(cls, v: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    def sentry_dsn_can_be_blank(cls, v: str) -> str | None:
         if len(v) == 0:
             return None
         return v
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     POSTGRES_USER: str
     POSTGRES_PASSWORD: str
     POSTGRES_DB: str
-    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI: Optional[PostgresDsn] = None
+    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI: PostgresDsn | None = None
 
     @validator("SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI", pre=True)
-    def assemble_db_connection(cls, v: Optional[str], values: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+    def assemble_db_connection(cls, v: str | None, values: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
         if isinstance(v, str):
             return v
         return PostgresDsn.build(
@@ -52,15 +52,15 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
         )
 
     SMTP_TLS: bool = True
-    SMTP_PORT: Optional[int] = None
-    SMTP_HOST: Optional[str] = None
-    SMTP_USER: Optional[str] = None
-    SMTP_PASSWORD: Optional[str] = None
-    EMAILS_FROM_EMAIL: Optional[EmailStr] = None
-    EMAILS_FROM_NAME: Optional[str] = None
+    SMTP_PORT: int | None = None
+    SMTP_HOST: str | None = None
+    SMTP_USER: str | None = None
+    SMTP_PASSWORD: str | None = None
+    EMAILS_FROM_EMAIL: EmailStr | None = None
+    EMAILS_FROM_NAME: str | None = None
 
     @validator("EMAILS_FROM_NAME")
-    def get_project_name(cls, v: Optional[str], values: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    def get_project_name(cls, v: str | None, values: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
         if not v:
             return values["PROJECT_NAME"]
         return v
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     EMAILS_ENABLED: bool = False
 
     @validator("EMAILS_ENABLED", pre=True)
-    def get_emails_enabled(cls, v: bool, values: Dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+    def get_emails_enabled(cls, v: bool, values: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
         return bool(
             values.get("SMTP_HOST")
             and values.get("SMTP_PORT")

src/backend/app/core/security.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import Any, Union
+from typing import Any
 
 from jose import jwt
 from passlib.context import CryptContext
@@ -12,9 +12,7 @@ pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
 ALGORITHM = "HS256"
 
 
-def create_access_token(
-    subject: Union[str, Any], expires_delta: timedelta = None
-) -> str:
+def create_access_token(subject: str | Any, expires_delta: timedelta = None) -> str:
     if expires_delta:
         expire = datetime.utcnow() + expires_delta
     else:

src/backend/app/crud/__init__.py

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
-from .crud_item import item
-from .crud_user import user
-
 # For a new basic set of CRUD operations you could just do
-
 # from .base import CRUDBase
 # from app.models.item import Item
 # from app.schemas.item import ItemCreate, ItemUpdate
-
 # item = CRUDBase[Item, ItemCreate, ItemUpdate](Item)
 from sqlmodel import Session, select
+
 from app.core.security import get_password_hash, verify_password
-from app.models import UserCreate, User
+from app.models import User, UserCreate
+
+from .crud_item import item as item
+from .crud_user import user as user
 
 
 def create_user(*, session: Session, user_create: UserCreate) -> User:
@@ -30,9 +29,9 @@ def get_user_by_email(*, session: Session, email: str) -> User | None:
 
 
 def authenticate(*, session: Session, email: str, password: str) -> User | None:
-    user = get_user_by_email(session=session, email=email)
-    if not user:
+    db_user = get_user_by_email(session=session, email=email)
+    if not db_user:
         return None
-    if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
+    if not verify_password(password, db_user.hashed_password):
         return None
-    return user
+    return db_user

src/backend/app/crud/base.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Generic, List, Optional, Type, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar
 
 from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ UpdateSchemaType = TypeVar("UpdateSchemaType", bound=BaseModel)
 
 
 class CRUDBase(Generic[ModelType, CreateSchemaType, UpdateSchemaType]):
-    def __init__(self, model: Type[ModelType]):
+    def __init__(self, model: type[ModelType]):
         """
         CRUD object with default methods to Create, Read, Update, Delete (CRUD).
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class CRUDBase(Generic[ModelType, CreateSchemaType, UpdateSchemaType]):
         """
         self.model = model
 
-    def get(self, db: Session, id: Any) -> Optional[ModelType]:
+    def get(self, db: Session, id: Any) -> ModelType | None:
         return db.query(self.model).filter(self.model.id == id).first()
 
     def create(self, db: Session, *, obj_in: CreateSchemaType) -> ModelType:
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class CRUDBase(Generic[ModelType, CreateSchemaType, UpdateSchemaType]):
         db: Session,
         *,
         db_obj: ModelType,
-        obj_in: Union[UpdateSchemaType, Dict[str, Any]]
+        obj_in: UpdateSchemaType | dict[str, Any],
     ) -> ModelType:
         obj_data = jsonable_encoder(db_obj)
         if isinstance(obj_in, dict):

src/backend/app/crud/crud_item.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from typing import List
-
 from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ class CRUDItem(CRUDBase[Item, ItemCreate, ItemUpdate]):
 
     def get_multi_by_owner(
         self, db: Session, *, owner_id: int, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100
-    ) -> List[Item]:
+    ) -> list[Item]:
         return (
             db.query(self.model)
             .filter(Item.owner_id == owner_id)

src/backend/app/crud/crud_user.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any
 
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from app.schemas.user import UserCreate, UserUpdate
 
 
 class CRUDUser(CRUDBase[User, UserCreate, UserUpdate]):
-    def get_by_email(self, db: Session, *, email: str) -> Optional[User]:
+    def get_by_email(self, db: Session, *, email: str) -> User | None:
         return db.query(User).filter(User.email == email).first()
 
     def create(self, db: Session, *, obj_in: UserCreate) -> User:
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class CRUDUser(CRUDBase[User, UserCreate, UserUpdate]):
         return db_obj
 
     def update(
-        self, db: Session, *, db_obj: User, obj_in: Union[UserUpdate, Dict[str, Any]]
+        self, db: Session, *, db_obj: User, obj_in: UserUpdate | dict[str, Any]
     ) -> User:
         if isinstance(obj_in, dict):
             update_data = obj_in
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class CRUDUser(CRUDBase[User, UserCreate, UserUpdate]):
             update_data["hashed_password"] = hashed_password
         return super().update(db, db_obj=db_obj, obj_in=update_data)
 
-    def authenticate(self, db: Session, *, email: str, password: str) -> Optional[User]:
+    def authenticate(self, db: Session, *, email: str, password: str) -> User | None:
         user = self.get_by_email(db, email=email)
         if not user:
             return None

src/backend/app/models.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from typing import Union
-
 from pydantic import EmailStr
 from sqlmodel import Field, Relationship, SQLModel
 
@@ -9,7 +7,7 @@ class UserBase(SQLModel):
     email: EmailStr = Field(unique=True, index=True)
     is_active: bool = True
     is_superuser: bool = False
-    full_name: Union[str, None] = None
+    full_name: str | None = None
 
 
 # Properties to receive via API on creation
@@ -20,18 +18,18 @@ class UserCreate(UserBase):
 class UserCreateOpen(SQLModel):
     email: EmailStr
     password: str
-    full_name: Union[str, None] = None
+    full_name: str | None = None
 
 
 # Properties to receive via API on update, all are optional
 class UserUpdate(UserBase):
-    email: Union[EmailStr, None] = None
-    password: Union[str, None] = None
+    email: EmailStr | None = None
+    password: str | None = None
 
 
 class UserUpdateMe(SQLModel):
-    full_name: Union[str, None] = None
-    email: Union[EmailStr, None] = None
+    full_name: str | None = None
+    email: EmailStr | None = None
 
 
 class UpdatePassword(SQLModel):
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@ class UpdatePassword(SQLModel):
 
 # Database model, database table inferred from class name
 class User(UserBase, table=True):
-    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
+    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
     hashed_password: str
     items: list["Item"] = Relationship(back_populates="owner")
 
@@ -59,7 +57,7 @@ class UsersOut(SQLModel):
 # Shared properties
 class ItemBase(SQLModel):
     title: str
-    description: Union[str, None] = None
+    description: str | None = None
 
 
 # Properties to receive on item creation
@@ -69,17 +67,15 @@ class ItemCreate(ItemBase):
 
 # Properties to receive on item update
 class ItemUpdate(ItemBase):
-    title: Union[str, None] = None
+    title: str | None = None
 
 
 # Database model, database table inferred from class name
 class Item(ItemBase, table=True):
-    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
+    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
     title: str
-    owner_id: Union[int, None] = Field(
-        default=None, foreign_key="user.id", nullable=False
-    )
-    owner: Union[User, None] = Relationship(back_populates="items")
+    owner_id: int | None = Field(default=None, foreign_key="user.id", nullable=False)
+    owner: User | None = Relationship(back_populates="items")
 
 
 # Properties to return via API, id is always required
@@ -106,7 +102,7 @@ class Token(SQLModel):
 
 # Contents of JWT token
 class TokenPayload(SQLModel):
-    sub: Union[int, None] = None
+    sub: int | None = None
 
 
 class NewPassword(SQLModel):

src/backend/app/schemas/item.py

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-from typing import Optional
-
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
 
 # Shared properties
 class ItemBase(BaseModel):
-    title: Optional[str] = None
-    description: Optional[str] = None
+    title: str | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
 
 
 # Properties to receive on item creation

src/backend/app/schemas/token.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from typing import Optional
-
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
 
@@ -9,4 +7,4 @@ class Token(BaseModel):
 
 
 class TokenPayload(BaseModel):
-    sub: Optional[int] = None
+    sub: int | None = None

src/backend/app/schemas/user.py

@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
-from typing import Optional
-
 from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr
 
 
 # Shared properties
 class UserBase(BaseModel):
-    email: Optional[EmailStr] = None
-    is_active: Optional[bool] = True
+    email: EmailStr | None = None
+    is_active: bool | None = True
     is_superuser: bool = False
-    full_name: Optional[str] = None
+    full_name: str | None = None
 
 
 # Properties to receive via API on creation
@@ -19,11 +17,11 @@ class UserCreate(UserBase):
 
 # Properties to receive via API on update
 class UserUpdate(UserBase):
-    password: Optional[str] = None
+    password: str | None = None
 
 
 class UserInDBBase(UserBase):
-    id: Optional[int] = None
+    id: int | None = None
 
     class Config:
         orm_mode = True

src/backend/app/tests/api/api_v1/test_celery.py

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-from typing import Dict
-
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 
 from app.core.config import settings
 
 
 def test_celery_worker_test(
-    client: TestClient, superuser_token_headers: Dict[str, str]
+    client: TestClient, superuser_token_headers: dict[str, str]
 ) -> None:
     data = {"message": "test"}
     r = client.post(

src/backend/app/tests/api/api_v1/test_items.py

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ def test_create_item(
 ) -> None:
     data = {"title": "Foo", "description": "Fighters"}
     response = client.post(
-        f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/items/", headers=superuser_token_headers, json=data,
+        f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/items/",
+        headers=superuser_token_headers,
+        json=data,
     )
     assert response.status_code == 200
     content = response.json()
@@ -25,7 +27,8 @@ def test_read_item(
 ) -> None:
     item = create_random_item(db)
     response = client.get(
-        f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/items/{item.id}", headers=superuser_token_headers,
+        f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/items/{item.id}",
+        headers=superuser_token_headers,
     )
     assert response.status_code == 200
     content = response.json()

src/backend/app/tests/api/api_v1/test_login.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from typing import Dict
-
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 
 from app.core.config import settings
@@ -18,10 +16,11 @@ def test_get_access_token(client: TestClient) -> None:
 
 
 def test_use_access_token(
-    client: TestClient, superuser_token_headers: Dict[str, str]
+    client: TestClient, superuser_token_headers: dict[str, str]
 ) -> None:
     r = client.post(
-        f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/login/test-token", headers=superuser_token_headers,
+        f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/login/test-token",
+        headers=superuser_token_headers,
     )
     result = r.json()
     assert r.status_code == 200

src/backend/app/tests/api/api_v1/test_users.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from typing import Dict
-
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
@@ -10,7 +8,7 @@ from app.tests.utils.utils import random_email, random_lower_string
 
 
 def test_get_users_superuser_me(
-    client: TestClient, superuser_token_headers: Dict[str, str]
+    client: TestClient, superuser_token_headers: dict[str, str]
 ) -> None:
     r = client.get(f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/users/me", headers=superuser_token_headers)
     current_user = r.json()
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ def test_get_users_superuser_me(
 
 
 def test_get_users_normal_user_me(
-    client: TestClient, normal_user_token_headers: Dict[str, str]
+    client: TestClient, normal_user_token_headers: dict[str, str]
 ) -> None:
     r = client.get(f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/users/me", headers=normal_user_token_headers)
     current_user = r.json()
@@ -38,7 +36,9 @@ def test_create_user_new_email(
     password = random_lower_string()
     data = {"email": username, "password": password}
     r = client.post(
-        f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/users/", headers=superuser_token_headers, json=data,
+        f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/users/",
+        headers=superuser_token_headers,
+        json=data,
     )
     assert 200 <= r.status_code < 300
     created_user = r.json()
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ def test_get_existing_user(
     user = crud.user.create(db, obj_in=user_in)
     user_id = user.id
     r = client.get(
-        f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/users/{user_id}", headers=superuser_token_headers,
+        f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/users/{user_id}",
+        headers=superuser_token_headers,
     )
     assert 200 <= r.status_code < 300
     api_user = r.json()
@@ -75,7 +76,9 @@ def test_create_user_existing_username(
     crud.user.create(db, obj_in=user_in)
     data = {"email": username, "password": password}
     r = client.post(
-        f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/users/", headers=superuser_token_headers, json=data,
+        f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/users/",
+        headers=superuser_token_headers,
+        json=data,
     )
     created_user = r.json()
     assert r.status_code == 400
@@ -83,13 +86,15 @@ def test_create_user_existing_username(
 
 
 def test_create_user_by_normal_user(
-    client: TestClient, normal_user_token_headers: Dict[str, str]
+    client: TestClient, normal_user_token_headers: dict[str, str]
 ) -> None:
     username = random_email()
     password = random_lower_string()
     data = {"email": username, "password": password}
     r = client.post(
-        f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/users/", headers=normal_user_token_headers, json=data,
+        f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/users/",
+        headers=normal_user_token_headers,
+        json=data,
     )
     assert r.status_code == 400
 

src/backend/app/tests/conftest.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Dict, Generator
+from collections.abc import Generator
 
 import pytest
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ def client() -> Generator:
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="module")
-def superuser_token_headers(client: TestClient) -> Dict[str, str]:
+def superuser_token_headers(client: TestClient) -> dict[str, str]:
     return get_superuser_token_headers(client)
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="module")
-def normal_user_token_headers(client: TestClient, db: Session) -> Dict[str, str]:
+def normal_user_token_headers(client: TestClient, db: Session) -> dict[str, str]:
     return authentication_token_from_email(
         client=client, email=settings.EMAIL_TEST_USER, db=db
     )

src/backend/app/tests/utils/item.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from typing import Optional
-
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from app import crud, models
@@ -8,7 +6,7 @@ from app.tests.utils.user import create_random_user
 from app.tests.utils.utils import random_lower_string
 
 
-def create_random_item(db: Session, *, owner_id: Optional[int] = None) -> models.Item:
+def create_random_item(db: Session, *, owner_id: int | None = None) -> models.Item:
     if owner_id is None:
         user = create_random_user(db)
         owner_id = user.id

src/backend/app/tests/utils/user.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from typing import Dict
-
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
@@ -12,7 +10,7 @@ from app.tests.utils.utils import random_email, random_lower_string
 
 def user_authentication_headers(
     *, client: TestClient, email: str, password: str
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
+) -> dict[str, str]:
     data = {"username": email, "password": password}
 
     r = client.post(f"{settings.API_V1_STR}/login/access-token", data=data)
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ def create_random_user(db: Session) -> User:
 
 def authentication_token_from_email(
     *, client: TestClient, email: str, db: Session
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
+) -> dict[str, str]:
     """
     Return a valid token for the user with given email.
 

src/backend/app/tests/utils/utils.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import random
 import string
-from typing import Dict
 
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ def random_email() -> str:
     return f"{random_lower_string()}@{random_lower_string()}.com"
 
 
-def get_superuser_token_headers(client: TestClient) -> Dict[str, str]:
+def get_superuser_token_headers(client: TestClient) -> dict[str, str]:
     login_data = {
         "username": settings.FIRST_SUPERUSER,
         "password": settings.FIRST_SUPERUSER_PASSWORD,

src/backend/app/utils.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+from typing import Any
 
 import emails
 from emails.template import JinjaTemplate
@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@ def send_email(
     email_to: str,
     subject_template: str = "",
     html_template: str = "",
-    environment: Dict[str, Any] = {},
+    environment: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
 ) -> None:
+    current_environment = environment or {}
     assert settings.EMAILS_ENABLED, "no provided configuration for email variables"
     message = emails.Message(
         subject=JinjaTemplate(subject_template),
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ def send_email(
         smtp_options["user"] = settings.SMTP_USER
     if settings.SMTP_PASSWORD:
         smtp_options["password"] = settings.SMTP_PASSWORD
-    response = message.send(to=email_to, render=environment, smtp=smtp_options)
+    response = message.send(to=email_to, render=current_environment, smtp=smtp_options)
     logging.info(f"send email result: {response}")
 
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ def send_test_email(email_to: str) -> None:
         email_to=email_to,
         subject_template=subject,
         html_template=template_str,
-        environment={"project_name": settings.PROJECT_NAME, "email": email_to},
+        current_environment={"project_name": settings.PROJECT_NAME, "email": email_to},
     )
 
 
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ def send_reset_password_email(email_to: str, email: str, token: str) -> None:
         email_to=email_to,
         subject_template=subject,
         html_template=template_str,
-        environment={
+        current_environment={
             "project_name": settings.PROJECT_NAME,
             "username": email,
             "email": email_to,
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ def send_new_account_email(email_to: str, username: str, password: str) -> None:
         email_to=email_to,
         subject_template=subject,
         html_template=template_str,
-        environment={
+        current_environment={
             "project_name": settings.PROJECT_NAME,
             "username": username,
             "password": password,
@@ -93,12 +94,14 @@ def generate_password_reset_token(email: str) -> str:
     expires = now + delta
     exp = expires.timestamp()
     encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(
-        {"exp": exp, "nbf": now, "sub": email}, settings.SECRET_KEY, algorithm="HS256",
+        {"exp": exp, "nbf": now, "sub": email},
+        settings.SECRET_KEY,
+        algorithm="HS256",
     )
     return encoded_jwt
 
 
-def verify_password_reset_token(token: str) -> Optional[str]:
+def verify_password_reset_token(token: str) -> str | None:
     try:
         decoded_token = jwt.decode(token, settings.SECRET_KEY, algorithms=["HS256"])
         return decoded_token["email"]