diff --git a/src/server/plugins/clientTrafficRestriction.ts b/src/server/plugins/clientTrafficRestriction.ts
index 563b9dad..420a0698 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/clientTrafficRestriction.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/clientTrafficRestriction.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import { exec } from '../utils/cmd';
 import { WG_ENV } from '../utils/config';
-import { isIPv6, parseIpAndPort } from '../utils/ip';
+import { parseIpAndPort } from '../utils/ip';
 import type { ClientType } from '#db/repositories/client/types';
+import { isIPv6 } from 'is-ip';
 
 declare module 'nitropack/types' {
   interface NitroRuntimeHooks {
@@ -10,39 +11,47 @@ declare module 'nitropack/types' {
   }
 }
 
-// 客户端流量限制插件
+/**
+ * Client Traffic Restriction Plugin
+ *
+ * This plugin manages iptables/ip6tables rules to restrict client traffic
+ * based on configured allowed IPs. It integrates with wireguard lifecycle hooks.
+ */
 export default defineNitroPlugin(async (nitroApp) => {
   console.log('Client Traffic Restriction Plugin loaded');
 
-  // 生成客户端特定的iptables规则
+  /**
+   * Generates iptables rules for a specific client based on their allowed IPs.
+   *
+   * @param client - The client configuration
+   * @returns Array of iptables command strings
+   */
   const generateClientIptablesRules = (
     client: Omit<ClientType, 'createdAt' | 'updatedAt'>
   ): string[] => {
     const rules: string[] = [];
 
-    // 从客户端IP地址中提取IP（去掉CIDR部分）
+    // Extract IP addresses from client configuration (remove CIDR prefix)
     const clientIp = client.ipv4Address.split('/')[0];
     const clientIpv6 = client.ipv6Address?.split('/')[0];
 
-    // 如果客户端有allowedIps配置，为每个允许的IP生成规则
+    // Generate rules for each allowed IP if configured
     if (client.allowedIps && client.allowedIps.length > 0) {
       client.allowedIps.forEach((allowedIpWithPort) => {
-        // 解析IP地址和端口
         const { ip: allowedIp, port } = parseIpAndPort(allowedIpWithPort);
 
-        // 根据IP版本选择合适的防火墙命令
         if (isIPv6(allowedIp)) {
-          // 仅为IPv6地址生成ip6tables规则
+          // IPv6: generate ip6tables rules
           if (!WG_ENV.DISABLE_IPV6 && clientIpv6) {
             if (port) {
-              // 对于TCP端口
+              // TCP port rules
               rules.push(
                 `ip6tables -A FORWARD -s ${clientIpv6} -d ${allowedIp} -p tcp --dport ${port} -j ACCEPT`
               );
               rules.push(
                 `ip6tables -A FORWARD -d ${clientIpv6} -s ${allowedIp} -p tcp --sport ${port} -j ACCEPT`
               );
-              // 对于UDP端口
+              // UDP port rules
               rules.push(
                 `ip6tables -A FORWARD -s ${clientIpv6} -d ${allowedIp} -p udp --dport ${port} -j ACCEPT`
               );
@@ -50,7 +59,7 @@ export default defineNitroPlugin(async (nitroApp) => {
                 `ip6tables -A FORWARD -d ${clientIpv6} -s ${allowedIp} -p udp --sport ${port} -j ACCEPT`
               );
             } else {
-              // 没有端口限制时的规则
+              // No port restriction - allow all traffic
               rules.push(
                 `ip6tables -A FORWARD -s ${clientIpv6} -d ${allowedIp} -j ACCEPT`
               );
@@ -60,16 +69,16 @@ export default defineNitroPlugin(async (nitroApp) => {
             }
           }
         } else {
-          // 为IPv4地址生成iptables规则
+          // IPv4: generate iptables rules
           if (port) {
-            // 对于TCP端口
+            // TCP port rules
             rules.push(
               `iptables -A FORWARD -s ${clientIp} -d ${allowedIp} -p tcp --dport ${port} -j ACCEPT`
             );
             rules.push(
               `iptables -A FORWARD -d ${clientIp} -s ${allowedIp} -p tcp --sport ${port} -j ACCEPT`
             );
-            // 对于UDP端口
+            // UDP port rules
             rules.push(
               `iptables -A FORWARD -s ${clientIp} -d ${allowedIp} -p udp --dport ${port} -j ACCEPT`
             );
@@ -77,7 +86,7 @@ export default defineNitroPlugin(async (nitroApp) => {
               `iptables -A FORWARD -d ${clientIp} -s ${allowedIp} -p udp --sport ${port} -j ACCEPT`
             );
           } else {
-            // 没有端口限制时的规则
+            // No port restriction - allow all traffic
             rules.push(
               `iptables -A FORWARD -s ${clientIp} -d ${allowedIp} -j ACCEPT`
             );
@@ -88,10 +97,9 @@ export default defineNitroPlugin(async (nitroApp) => {
         }
       });
     } else {
-      // 如果没有配置allowedIps，默认允许访问服务器
+      // Default: allow access to server only when no allowed IPs configured
       const serverIps = ['10.8.0.1/32'];
       serverIps.forEach((serverIp) => {
-        // 这些都是IPv4地址，只生成iptables规则
         rules.push(
           `iptables -A FORWARD -s ${clientIp} -d ${serverIp} -j ACCEPT`
         );
@@ -104,27 +112,30 @@ export default defineNitroPlugin(async (nitroApp) => {
     return rules;
   };
 
-  // 应用客户端iptables规则
+  /**
+   * Applies all client-specific iptables rules.
+   * Clears existing rules and sets up new ones based on current client configuration.
+   */
   const applyClientIptablesRules = async () => {
     try {
       console.log('Applying client-specific iptables rules...');
 
-      // 获取所有客户端
+      // Fetch all clients from database
       const clients = await Database.clients.getAll();
 
-      // 清空现有的FORWARD链规则
+      // Flush existing FORWARD chain rules
       await exec('iptables -F FORWARD');
       if (!WG_ENV.DISABLE_IPV6) {
         await exec('ip6tables -F FORWARD');
       }
 
-      // 设置FORWARD链默认策略为DROP（阻止所有流量）
+      // Set default FORWARD policy to DROP (block all traffic by default)
       await exec('iptables -P FORWARD DROP');
       if (!WG_ENV.DISABLE_IPV6) {
         await exec('ip6tables -P FORWARD DROP');
       }
 
-      // 为每个启用的客户端生成并应用规则
+      // Generate and apply rules for each enabled client
       const includedClients: string[] = [];
       for (const client of clients) {
         if (!client.enabled) {
@@ -148,6 +159,12 @@ export default defineNitroPlugin(async (nitroApp) => {
     }
   };
 
+  /**
+   * Removes FORWARD chain rules from hook commands.
+   *
+   * @param rule - The hook rule string
+   * @returns Filtered rule string without FORWARD rules
+   */
   const remove_forward_rule = async (rule: string) => {
     try {
       const filteredRules = rule.split(';').filter((line) => {
@@ -160,19 +177,22 @@ export default defineNitroPlugin(async (nitroApp) => {
     return rule;
   };
 
-  // 初始化：移除hooks中的默认FORWARD允许规则
+  /**
+   * Initializes traffic restriction by removing default FORWARD allow rules
+   * from hook commands.
+   */
   const initializeTrafficRestriction = async () => {
     try {
       const hooks = await Database.hooks.get();
 
-      // 移除hooks中的默认FORWARD允许规则
+      // Remove default FORWARD allow rules from hooks
       const updatedHooks = {
         ...hooks,
         postUp: await remove_forward_rule(hooks.postUp),
         postDown: await remove_forward_rule(hooks.postDown),
       };
 
-      // 更新hooks到数据库
+      // Update hooks in database
       await Database.hooks.update(updatedHooks);
       console.log('Removed default FORWARD rules from hooks');
     } catch (error) {
@@ -180,9 +200,8 @@ export default defineNitroPlugin(async (nitroApp) => {
     }
   };
 
-  // 注册事件监听器，监听客户端配置保存后的事件
+  // Register event listeners for wireguard lifecycle hooks
   nitroApp.hooks.hook('wireguard:config', applyClientIptablesRules);
-  // 注册启动事件
   nitroApp.hooks.hook('wireguard:start', async () => {
     await initializeTrafficRestriction();
     await applyClientIptablesRules();
diff --git a/src/server/utils/ip.ts b/src/server/utils/ip.ts
index 12dd9d51..dea2a457 100644
--- a/src/server/utils/ip.ts
+++ b/src/server/utils/ip.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Resolver } from 'node:dns/promises';
 import { networkInterfaces } from 'node:os';
 import { stringifyIp } from 'ip-bigint';
+import { isIPv4, isIPv6 } from 'is-ip';
 import type { parseCidr } from 'cidr-tools';
 
 import type { ClientNextIpType } from '#db/repositories/client/types';
@@ -171,43 +172,61 @@ export const cachedGetIpInformation = cacheFunction(getIpInformation, {
   expiry: 15 * 60 * 1000,
 });
 
-// 检查IP地址是否为IPv6
-export const isIPv6 = (ip: string): boolean => {
-  return ip.startsWith('[') || ip.split(':').length > 2;
-};
-
-// 解析IP地址和端口
+/**
+ * Parses an IP address with optional port into its components.
+ * Supports IPv4, IPv6 (with or without brackets), and CIDR notation.
+ *
+ * @param ipWithPort - IP address that may include a port, e.g.:
+ *   - '192.168.1.1:8080' (IPv4 with port)
+ *   - '[2001:db8::1]:8080' (IPv6 with brackets and port)
+ *   - '2001:db8::1:8080' (IPv6 without brackets and port)
+ *   - '10.0.0.1/24' (CIDR notation, returned as-is)
+ * @returns Object containing the IP address and optional port
+ */
 export const parseIpAndPort = (
   ipWithPort: string
 ): { ip: string; port?: string } => {
+  // CIDR notation: return as-is
   if (ipWithPort.includes('/')) {
     return { ip: ipWithPort };
   }
+
   const parts = ipWithPort.split(':');
-  // 如果是IPv6地址（包含多个冒号），则最后一个部分可能是端口
-  if (isIPv6(ipWithPort) && parts.length > 3) {
-    // 检查最后一部分是否是纯数字（端口）
-    const potentialPort = parts[parts.length - 1];
-    let ip = parts.slice(0, -1).join(':');
-    // remove [ ] if exist in ip
-    const matched = /^\[?([0-9a-f:]+)]?$/gi.exec(ip);
-    if (matched) {
-      ip = matched[1];
-    }
 
-    if (/^\d+$/.test(potentialPort)) {
-      return {
-        ip: ip,
-        port: potentialPort,
-      };
-    }
-  } else if (!isIPv6(ipWithPort) && parts.length === 2) {
-    // 对于IPv4地址，格式为 ip:port
+  // Single part: pure IP address without port
+  if (parts.length === 1) {
+    return { ip: ipWithPort };
+  }
+
+  const potentialPort = parts[parts.length - 1];
+
+  // IPv4 with port: exactly 2 parts (ip:port)
+  if (parts.length === 2 && isIPv4(parts[0])) {
     return {
       ip: parts[0],
-      port: parts[1],
+      port: potentialPort,
     };
   }
-  // 如果没有端口，则返回原始IP
+
+  // IPv6 with port: more than 2 parts when split by ':'
+  if (parts.length > 3) {
+    const ip = parts.slice(0, -1).join(':');
+
+    if (isIPv6(ip)) {
+      // Extract IP, removing brackets if present
+      const matched = /^\[?([0-9a-fA-F:]+)]?$/.exec(ip);
+      const cleanIp = matched ? matched[1] : ip;
+
+      // Validate port is numeric
+      if (/^\d+$/.test(potentialPort)) {
+        return {
+          ip: cleanIp,
+          port: potentialPort,
+        };
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Unrecognized format: return original input
   return { ip: ipWithPort };
 };