Merge b8c4ffab11 into e8a96967dc

client/ca_bundle.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"crypto/x509"
+	_ "embed"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+//go:embed certs/cacert.pem
+var mozillaCABundlePEM []byte
+
+// loadCABundle returns a *x509.CertPool that can verify VK (and any other
+// TLS site) even on platforms where the system certificate store is empty
+// or unavailable — most notably Android apps that ship without /etc/ssl/certs
+// and have no access to the OS cert store.
+//
+// Strategy:
+//  1. Try x509.SystemCertPool(). If it returns a non-empty pool, use it
+//     (this is the normal case on Linux/macOS/Windows desktops and servers).
+//  2. If SystemCertPool is unavailable or empty, fall back to the embedded
+//     Mozilla CA bundle (cacert.pem, the same one curl ships). This contains
+//     every CA in the Mozilla trust program, including HARICA TLS RSA/ECC
+//     Root CA 2021 which VK uses for *.vk.com since mid-2026.
+//  3. Also honor the SSL_CERT_FILE / SSL_CERT_DIR env vars if set, so users
+//     can override on unusual systems.
+//
+// Without this, on Android the tls-client (bogdanfinn) leaves RootCAs == nil,
+// which makes Go fall back to SystemCertPool — and on Android that pool is
+// empty, so every HTTPS request fails with:
+//
+//	tls: failed to verify certificate: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority
+//
+// See: https://github.com/cacggghp/vk-turn-proxy/issues/182 (and follow-ups).
+func loadCABundle() *x509.CertPool {
+	// 1. Honor explicit env overrides first (mirrors crypto/x509 behavior).
+	if file := os.Getenv("SSL_CERT_FILE"); file != "" {
+		if p, err := loadPoolFromFile(file); err == nil && p != nil {
+			log.Printf("[CABundle] using SSL_CERT_FILE=%s", file)
+			return p
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 2. Try the system pool.
+	if sys, err := x509.SystemCertPool(); err == nil && sys != nil && len(sys.Subjects()) > 0 {
+		log.Printf("[CABundle] using system cert pool (%d roots)", len(sys.Subjects()))
+		return sys
+	}
+
+	// 3. Fall back to the embedded Mozilla bundle.
+	pool := x509.NewCertPool()
+	if !pool.AppendCertsFromPEM(mozillaCABundlePEM) {
+		log.Printf("[CABundle] WARNING: embedded Mozilla bundle did not parse; HTTPS will likely fail")
+	} else {
+		log.Printf("[CABundle] using embedded Mozilla CA bundle (%d bytes)", len(mozillaCABundlePEM))
+	}
+	return pool
+}
+
+// loadPoolFromFile loads a PEM file with one or more certificates into a fresh
+// CertPool. Returns nil if the file contained no usable certificates.
+func loadPoolFromFile(path string) (*x509.CertPool, error) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	pool := x509.NewCertPool()
+	if !pool.AppendCertsFromPEM(data) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return pool, nil
+}
+
+// hasHTTPSInsecureEnv returns true if the user explicitly requested skipping
+// TLS verification (useful for debugging MITM proxies or stale CA bundles).
+// This is intentionally NOT exposed as a CLI flag — production should always
+// verify.
+func hasHTTPSInsecureEnv() bool {
+	v := strings.ToLower(os.Getenv("VKTURN_INSECURE_TLS"))
+	return v == "1" || v == "true" || v == "yes"
+}

client/captcha_parse_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+package main
+
+import "testing"
+
+// TestParseVkCaptchaError_NewFormatWithoutCaptchaSid reproduces issue #182.
+//
+// VK started returning a captcha-required error (error_code 14) at the
+// calls.getAnonymousToken step in a NEW shape that only carries:
+//
+//	error_code, error_msg, is_enabled_captcha, redirect_uri
+//
+// and notably NO captcha_sid and NO captcha_img. The previous parser
+// rejected this payload with "missing captcha_sid in captcha error data"
+// and returned nil, so the auth loop never reached the captcha solver and
+// just fell through to the next client_id.
+//
+// After the fix, ParseVkCaptchaError must return a non-nil *VkCaptchaError
+// with RedirectURI + SessionToken populated so both the auto solver and the
+// manual (browser) solver can run.
+func TestParseVkCaptchaError_NewFormatWithoutCaptchaSid(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Shape taken verbatim from the issue #182 log (session_token truncated
+	// for readability but structurally identical to the real payload).
+	errData := map[string]interface{}{
+		"error_code":         float64(14),
+		"error_msg":          "Captcha need",
+		"is_enabled_captcha": true,
+		"redirect_uri":       "https://id.vk.ru/not_robot_captcha?domain=vk.com&session_token=eyJhbGciOiJBMjU2R0NNS1ci.payload.signature&variant=popup&blank=1",
+		"captcha_stid":       "some-stid", // unrelated field, must be ignored
+	}
+
+	got := ParseVkCaptchaError(errData)
+	if got == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil VkCaptchaError for new captcha format, got nil")
+	}
+
+	if got.ErrorCode != 14 {
+		t.Fatalf("ErrorCode = %d, want 14", got.ErrorCode)
+	}
+	if got.ErrorMsg != "Captcha need" {
+		t.Fatalf("ErrorMsg = %q, want %q", got.ErrorMsg, "Captcha need")
+	}
+	if got.RedirectURI == "" {
+		t.Fatal("RedirectURI is empty, expected the not_robot_captcha URL")
+	}
+	if got.SessionToken == "" {
+		t.Fatal("SessionToken is empty, expected it to be parsed from redirect_uri query")
+	}
+	if got.SessionToken != "eyJhbGciOiJBMjU2R0NNS1ci.payload.signature" {
+		t.Fatalf("SessionToken = %q, want the session_token query value", got.SessionToken)
+	}
+	// captcha_sid / captcha_img are absent in the new format and must default
+	// to empty strings (NOT cause the parser to bail out).
+	if got.CaptchaSid != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("CaptchaSid = %q, want empty (not present in new format)", got.CaptchaSid)
+	}
+	if got.CaptchaImg != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("CaptchaImg = %q, want empty (not present in new format)", got.CaptchaImg)
+	}
+
+	if !got.IsCaptchaError() {
+		t.Fatal("IsCaptchaError() = false, want true (new flow is solvable via redirect_uri + session_token)")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestParseVkCaptchaError_LegacyFormatStillWorks ensures the legacy captcha
+// payload (captcha_sid + captcha_img, no redirect_uri) still parses so the
+// manual HTTP captcha path keeps working.
+func TestParseVkCaptchaError_LegacyFormatStillWorks(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	errData := map[string]interface{}{
+		"error_code":  float64(14),
+		"error_msg":   "Captcha need",
+		"captcha_sid": "1234567890",
+		"captcha_img": "https://api.vk.com/captcha.php?sid=1234567890&s=1",
+	}
+
+	got := ParseVkCaptchaError(errData)
+	if got == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil VkCaptchaError for legacy captcha format, got nil")
+	}
+	if got.CaptchaSid != "1234567890" {
+		t.Fatalf("CaptchaSid = %q, want 1234567890", got.CaptchaSid)
+	}
+	if got.CaptchaImg == "" {
+		t.Fatal("CaptchaImg is empty, expected the captcha image URL")
+	}
+	if got.RedirectURI != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("RedirectURI = %q, want empty in legacy flow", got.RedirectURI)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestParseVkCaptchaError_NumericCaptchaSid covers the case where VK returns
+// captcha_sid as a JSON number (unmarshalled into float64).
+func TestParseVkCaptchaError_NumericCaptchaSid(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	errData := map[string]interface{}{
+		"error_code":  float64(14),
+		"error_msg":   "Captcha need",
+		"captcha_sid": float64(9876543210),
+		"captcha_img": "https://api.vk.com/captcha.php?sid=9876543210",
+	}
+
+	got := ParseVkCaptchaError(errData)
+	if got == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil VkCaptchaError, got nil")
+	}
+	if got.CaptchaSid != "9876543210" {
+		t.Fatalf("CaptchaSid = %q, want 9876543210", got.CaptchaSid)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestParseVkCaptchaError_UnsolvableReturnsNil verifies that when none of the
+// solvable fields are present, the parser returns nil so the caller surfaces
+// the raw VK error instead of pretending it can solve a captcha it cannot.
+func TestParseVkCaptchaError_UnsolvableReturnsNil(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	errData := map[string]interface{}{
+		"error_code": float64(14),
+		"error_msg":  "Captcha need",
+		// no redirect_uri, no captcha_sid, no captcha_img
+	}
+
+	if got := ParseVkCaptchaError(errData); got != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil for unsolvable captcha payload, got %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestParseVkCaptchaError_MissingErrorCodeReturnsNil verifies the parser still
+// rejects payloads that don't even identify as a VK API error object.
+func TestParseVkCaptchaError_MissingErrorCodeReturnsNil(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	errData := map[string]interface{}{
+		"error_msg":    "Captcha need",
+		"redirect_uri": "https://id.vk.ru/not_robot_captcha?session_token=x",
+	}
+
+	if got := ParseVkCaptchaError(errData); got != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil when error_code is missing, got %+v", got)
+	}
+}

client/main.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	neturl "net/url"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
+	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ var (
 	isDebug              bool
 	manualCaptcha        bool
 	autoCaptchaSliderPOC bool
+	captchaSolverURL     string // e.g. "http://127.0.0.1:8766" — Playwright-based solver
 )
 
 type captchaSolveMode int
@@ -75,9 +77,33 @@ const (
 	captchaSolveModeAuto captchaSolveMode = iota
 	captchaSolveModeSliderPOC
 	captchaSolveModeManual
+	captchaSolveModePlaywright
 )
 
 func captchaSolveModeForAttempt(attempt int, manualOnly bool, enableSliderPOC bool) (captchaSolveMode, bool) {
+	// If a Playwright solver URL is configured, try it FIRST — it's the only
+	// mode that reliably passes VK's bot detection (because the check request
+	// comes from a real Chromium with a real FingerprintJS visitor_id).
+	// Fall back to the legacy modes if the solver is unreachable / fails.
+	if captchaSolverURL != "" && !manualOnly {
+		switch attempt {
+		case 0:
+			return captchaSolveModePlaywright, true
+		case 1:
+			return captchaSolveModeAuto, true
+		case 2:
+			if enableSliderPOC {
+				return captchaSolveModeSliderPOC, true
+			}
+			return captchaSolveModeManual, true
+		case 3:
+			if enableSliderPOC {
+				return captchaSolveModeManual, true
+			}
+		}
+		return 0, false
+	}
+
 	if manualOnly {
 		return captchaSolveModeManual, attempt == 0
 	}
@@ -107,6 +133,8 @@ func captchaSolveModeLabel(mode captchaSolveMode) string {
 		return "auto captcha slider POC"
 	case captchaSolveModeManual:
 		return "manual captcha"
+	case captchaSolveModePlaywright:
+		return "playwright solver"
 	default:
 		return "captcha"
 	}
@@ -247,6 +275,53 @@ func generateFakeCursor() string {
 	return "[" + strings.Join(points, ",") + "]"
 }
 
+// generateConnectionRtt produces a realistic Navigator.connection.rtt sample
+// array. Real browsers observe slight per-sample variation around a baseline
+// (e.g. 50ms +/- 5-15ms jitter, occasional spikes). Sending the constant
+// [50,50,50,...] is a known bot fingerprint.
+func generateConnectionRtt(n int) string {
+	if n <= 0 {
+		n = 10
+	}
+	base := 45 + rand.Intn(40) // 45..84 ms baseline
+	parts := make([]string, 0, n)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		// jitter: -10..+30 ms, with occasional spike (+30..+90)
+		jitter := rand.Intn(41) - 10
+		if rand.Intn(8) == 0 { // ~12% chance of a spike
+			jitter += 30 + rand.Intn(60)
+		}
+		val := base + jitter
+		if val < 5 {
+			val = 5
+		}
+		parts = append(parts, strconv.Itoa(val))
+	}
+	return "[" + strings.Join(parts, ",") + "]"
+}
+
+// generateConnectionDownlink produces a realistic Navigator.connection.downlink
+// sample array. Real values are MBps floats with mild variation (e.g. 9.5, 9.6,
+// 9.4, 10.1, ...). Constant [9.5,9.5,...] is a known bot fingerprint.
+func generateConnectionDownlink(n int) string {
+	if n <= 0 {
+		n = 16
+	}
+	// baseline 5.0..15.0 Mbps, one decimal place
+	baseTenths := 50 + rand.Intn(100) // 5.0..14.9
+	parts := make([]string, 0, n)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		// jitter -3..+3 tenths
+		jitter := rand.Intn(7) - 3
+		t := baseTenths + jitter
+		if t < 10 {
+			t = 10 // floor at 1.0 Mbps
+		}
+		parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("%.1f", float64(t)/10.0))
+	}
+	return "[" + strings.Join(parts, ",") + "]"
+}
+
 func getCustomNetDialer() net.Dialer {
 	return net.Dialer{
 		Timeout:   20 * time.Second,
@@ -270,6 +345,56 @@ func getCustomNetDialer() net.Dialer {
 	}
 }
 
+// customResolver is a net.Resolver that uses public DNS servers as fallback.
+// On Android (CGO_ENABLED=0) the system resolver may not work, so we provide
+// a Go-native resolver that queries multiple public DNS servers directly.
+var customResolver = &net.Resolver{
+	PreferGo: true,
+	Dial: func(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
+		var d net.Dialer
+		dnsServers := []string{"77.88.8.8:53", "77.88.8.1:53", "8.8.8.8:53", "8.8.4.4:53", "1.1.1.1:53", "1.0.0.1:53"}
+		var lastErr error
+		for _, dns := range dnsServers {
+			conn, err := d.DialContext(ctx, "udp", dns)
+			if err == nil {
+				return conn, nil
+			}
+			lastErr = err
+		}
+		return nil, lastErr
+	},
+}
+
+// resolveUDPAddr resolves a host:port string to *net.UDPAddr.
+// Works with both IP addresses and domain names.
+// Uses the custom DNS resolver (public DNS fallback) so domain resolution
+// works on Android where the system resolver may be unavailable.
+func resolveUDPAddr(network, address string) (*net.UDPAddr, error) {
+	host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(address)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("split host:port %q: %w", address, err)
+	}
+
+	// If host is already an IP address, skip DNS resolution
+	if ip := net.ParseIP(host); ip != nil {
+		return net.ResolveUDPAddr(network, address)
+	}
+
+	// Resolve domain name using custom resolver (public DNS fallback)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	ips, err := customResolver.LookupIP(ctx, "ip4", host)
+	if err != nil || len(ips) == 0 {
+		// Fallback: try system resolver
+		return net.ResolveUDPAddr(network, address)
+	}
+
+	resolved := net.JoinHostPort(ips[0].String(), port)
+	log.Printf("[DNS] resolved %s → %s", host, ips[0].String())
+	return net.ResolveUDPAddr(network, resolved)
+}
+
 // endregion
 
 // region Automatic Captcha Solver & Authentication
@@ -287,7 +412,7 @@ type VkCaptchaError struct {
 }
 
 func ParseVkCaptchaError(errData map[string]interface{}) *VkCaptchaError {
-	// Extract error_code
+	// Extract error_code (required — identifies this as a VK API error object)
 	codeFloat, ok := errData["error_code"].(float64)
 	if !ok {
 		log.Printf("missing error_code in captcha error data")
@@ -295,48 +420,45 @@ func ParseVkCaptchaError(errData map[string]interface{}) *VkCaptchaError {
 	}
 	code := int(codeFloat)
 
-	// Extract redirect_uri
+	// Extract redirect_uri (optional). Present in the NEW VK captcha flow where
-	RedirectURI, ok := errData["redirect_uri"].(string)
+	// the user/automaton is redirected to https://id.vk.ru/not_robot_captcha?...
-	if !ok {
+	// Absent in the legacy captcha flow (which uses captcha_sid + captcha_img).
-		log.Printf("missing redirect_uri in captcha error data")
+	RedirectURI, _ := errData["redirect_uri"].(string)
-		return nil
-	}
 
-	// Extract captcha_sid
+	// Extract captcha_sid (optional in the new flow, required in the legacy flow).
 	captchaSid, ok := errData["captcha_sid"].(string)
 	if !ok {
 		// try numeric
 		if sidNum, ok2 := errData["captcha_sid"].(float64); ok2 {
 			captchaSid = fmt.Sprintf("%.0f", sidNum)
-		} else {
-			log.Printf("missing captcha_sid in captcha error data")
-			return nil
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Extract captcha_img
+	// Extract captcha_img (optional in the new flow, required in the legacy flow).
-	captchaImg, ok := errData["captcha_img"].(string)
+	captchaImg, _ := errData["captcha_img"].(string)
-	if !ok {
-		log.Printf("missing captcha_img in captcha error data")
-		return nil
-	}
 
-	// Extract error_msg
+	// Extract error_msg (optional — only used for logging/diagnostics).
-	errorMsg, ok := errData["error_msg"].(string)
+	errorMsg, _ := errData["error_msg"].(string)
-	if !ok {
-		log.Printf("missing error_msg in captcha error data")
-		return nil
-	}
 
 	// Extract session token if redirect_uri present
 	var sessionToken string
 	if RedirectURI != "" {
-		if parsed, err := neturl.Parse(RedirectURI); err == nil {
+		parsed, err := neturl.Parse(RedirectURI)
-			sessionToken = parsed.Query().Get("session_token")
+		if err != nil {
-		} else {
 			log.Printf("failed to parse redirect_uri: %v", err)
 			return nil
 		}
+		sessionToken = parsed.Query().Get("session_token")
+	}
+
+	// Require at least one solvable captcha path before returning a result:
+	//   - new flow:  redirect_uri + session_token (solved via not_robot_captcha)
+	//   - legacy flow: captcha_img (manual HTTP) typically paired with captcha_sid
+	// Without any of these, there is nothing the caller can do, so return nil
+	// and let the auth loop surface the raw VK API error.
+	if RedirectURI == "" && sessionToken == "" && captchaImg == "" && captchaSid == "" {
+		log.Printf("no solvable captcha path in error data: %v", errData)
+		return nil
 	}
 
 	// Extract is_sound_captcha_available
@@ -400,22 +522,26 @@ func solveVkCaptcha(ctx context.Context, captchaErr *VkCaptchaError, streamID in
 
 	log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] PoW input: %s, difficulty: %d", streamID, bootstrap.PowInput, bootstrap.Difficulty)
 
-	hash := solvePoW(bootstrap.PowInput, bootstrap.Difficulty)
+	hexHash, nonce, ok := solvePoW(bootstrap.PowInput, bootstrap.Difficulty)
-	log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] PoW solved: hash=%s", streamID, hash)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("PoW solve exhausted nonce budget (input=%s, difficulty=%d)", bootstrap.PowInput, bootstrap.Difficulty)
+	}
+	powResult := formatPoWResult(hexHash, nonce)
+	log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] PoW solved: hash=%s nonce=%d (v2-wrapped, len=%d)", streamID, hexHash, nonce, len(powResult))
 
 	var successToken string
 	if useSliderPOC {
 		successToken, err = callCaptchaNotRobotWithSliderPOC(
 			ctx,
 			captchaErr.SessionToken,
-			hash,
+			powResult,
 			streamID,
 			client,
 			profile,
 			bootstrap.Settings,
 		)
 	} else {
-		successToken, err = callCaptchaNotRobot(ctx, captchaErr.SessionToken, hash, streamID, client, profile)
+		successToken, err = callCaptchaNotRobot(ctx, captchaErr.SessionToken, powResult, streamID, client, profile)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("captchaNotRobot API failed: %w", err)
@@ -459,17 +585,64 @@ func fetchCaptchaBootstrap(ctx context.Context, redirectURI string, client tlscl
 	return parseCaptchaBootstrapHTML(string(body))
 }
 
-func solvePoW(powInput string, difficulty int) string {
+// solvePoW finds a nonce so that sha256(powInput + str(nonce)) starts with
+// `difficulty` zero characters. Returns (hexHash, nonce, ok).
+//
+// VK's not_robot_captcha.js stores the result as:
+//
+//	window.captchaPowResult = "v2." + btoa(JSON.stringify({ hash, nonce }))
+//
+// so callers must wrap the return value via formatPoWResult() before sending
+// it as the `hash` field of captchaNotRobot.check — sending the bare hex hash
+// is the #1 reason VK's bot detector flags the request as "BOT".
+func solvePoW(powInput string, difficulty int) (string, int, bool) {
 	target := strings.Repeat("0", difficulty)
 	for nonce := 1; nonce <= 10000000; nonce++ {
 		data := powInput + strconv.Itoa(nonce)
 		hash := sha256.Sum256([]byte(data))
 		hexHash := hex.EncodeToString(hash[:])
 		if strings.HasPrefix(hexHash, target) {
-			return hexHash
+			return hexHash, nonce, true
 		}
 	}
-	return ""
+	return "", 0, false
+}
+
+// formatPoWResult wraps (hash, nonce) into the v2.<base64(JSON)> format that
+// VK's not_robot_captcha.js produces. Mirrors:
+//
+//	"v2." + btoa(JSON.stringify({ hash, nonce }))
+//
+// where btoa is RFC 4648 standard base64 (no padding stripping).
+func formatPoWResult(hexHash string, nonce int) string {
+	payload := fmt.Sprintf(`{"hash":%q,"nonce":%d}`, hexHash, nonce)
+	encoded := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(payload))
+	return "v2." + encoded
+}
+
+// captchaDebugInfoHardcoded is the fallback value VK's not_robot_captcha.js
+// sends when window.vk.brlefapmjnpg is undefined:
+//
+//	debug_info: window.vk?.brlefapmjnpg || "4045edac1cb2c18eff209dc09cd5e2e56475a13ed4615413a87618b3c6813f9a"
+//
+// Sending a random MD5 here (the previous behavior) is one of the strongest
+// bot signals VK checks.
+const captchaDebugInfoHardcoded = "4045edac1cb2c18eff209dc09cd5e2e56475a13ed4615413a87618b3c6813f9a"
+
+// formatCaptchaAnswer mirrors VK's not_robot_captcha.js:
+//
+//	answer: $w(JSON.stringify({ value: t }))
+//
+// where $w(s) = btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(s))) — i.e. standard base64
+// of the UTF-8 bytes. For a checkbox-style check, t is the user-event value;
+// passing an empty object matches what the JS sends for a synthetic click.
+func formatCaptchaAnswer(valueJSON string) string {
+	if valueJSON == "" {
+		valueJSON = "{}"
+	}
+	// JSON.stringify({value: t}) — t is already JSON-encoded by caller when needed
+	payload := `{"value":` + valueJSON + `}`
+	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(payload))
 }
 
 func callCaptchaNotRobot(ctx context.Context, sessionToken, hash string, streamID int, client tlsclient.HttpClient, profile Profile) (string, error) {
@@ -519,6 +692,21 @@ func callCaptchaNotRobot(ctx context.Context, sessionToken, hash string, streamI
 
 	baseParams := fmt.Sprintf("session_token=%s&domain=vk.com&adFp=&access_token=", neturl.QueryEscape(sessionToken))
 
+	// Step 0: initSession — VK's not_robot_captcha.js calls this before
+	// settings. Without it the server-side session state is not fully
+	// initialized, which is one of the signals that flags the request as
+	// "BOT" even when everything else looks legitimate.
+	log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] Step 0/4: initSession", streamID)
+	if initResp, err := vkReq("captchaNotRobot.initSession", baseParams); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] Warning: initSession failed: %v (continuing)", streamID, err)
+	} else if respObj, ok := initResp["response"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+		if showType, _ := respObj["show_captcha_type"].(string); showType != "" {
+			log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] initSession: show_captcha_type=%s", streamID, showType)
+		}
+	}
+
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+
 	log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] Step 1/4: settings", streamID)
 	if _, err := vkReq("captchaNotRobot.settings", baseParams); err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("settings failed: %w", err)
@@ -539,14 +727,19 @@ func callCaptchaNotRobot(ctx context.Context, sessionToken, hash string, streamI
 
 	log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] Step 3/4: check", streamID)
 	cursorJSON := generateFakeCursor()
-	answer := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("{}"))
+	// answer = $w(JSON.stringify({value: t})). For checkbox-style checks
+	// t is an empty object, so we wrap {} under "value".
+	answer := formatCaptchaAnswer("{}")
 
-	// Dynamically generate debug_info to avoid static fingerprint bans
+	// debug_info: VK's not_robot_captcha.js sends either window.vk.brlefapmjnpg
-	debugInfoBytes := md5.Sum([]byte(profile.UserAgent + strconv.FormatInt(time.Now().UnixNano(), 10)))
+	// (which we don't have, since we're not running inside the page) or the
-	debugInfo := hex.EncodeToString(debugInfoBytes[:])
+	// hardcoded fallback. Sending a random MD5 here is a strong bot signal.
+	debugInfo := captchaDebugInfoHardcoded
 
-	connectionRtt := "[50,50,50,50,50,50,50,50,50,50]"
+	// Realistic connection telemetry — slight per-sample jitter so the
-	connectionDownlink := "[9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5,9.5]"
+	// array doesn't look like a constant signature.
+	connectionRtt := generateConnectionRtt(10)
+	connectionDownlink := generateConnectionDownlink(16)
 
 	checkData := baseParams + fmt.Sprintf(
 		"&accelerometer=%s&gyroscope=%s&motion=%s&cursor=%s&taps=%s&connectionRtt=%s&connectionDownlink=%s&browser_fp=%s&hash=%s&answer=%s&debug_info=%s",
@@ -561,6 +754,16 @@ func callCaptchaNotRobot(ctx context.Context, sessionToken, hash string, streamI
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("check failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	// Log the raw check response so future debugging is easier. VK returns
+	// {status:"OK|BOT", success_token, show_captcha_type, redirect}.
+	if respObj, ok := checkResp["response"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+		status, _ := respObj["status"].(string)
+		showType, _ := respObj["show_captcha_type"].(string)
+		redirect, _ := respObj["redirect"].(string)
+		log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] check response: status=%s show_captcha_type=%q redirect=%q",
+			streamID, status, showType, redirect)
+	}
+
 	respObj, ok := checkResp["response"].(map[string]interface{})
 	if !ok {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid check response: %v", checkResp)
@@ -816,12 +1019,27 @@ func getTokenChain(ctx context.Context, link string, streamID int, creds VKCrede
 		SecChUaPlatform: `"Windows"`,
 	}
 
-	client, err := tlsclient.NewHttpClient(tlsclient.NewNoopLogger(),
+	clientOpts := []tlsclient.HttpClientOption{
 		tlsclient.WithTimeoutSeconds(20),
 		tlsclient.WithClientProfile(profiles.Chrome_146),
 		tlsclient.WithCookieJar(jar),
 		tlsclient.WithDialer(getCustomNetDialer()),
-	)
+	}
+	// Provide an explicit RootCAs pool. Without it, tls-client falls back
+	// to x509.SystemCertPool() which is empty on Android apps and causes
+	// every HTTPS request to fail with "x509: certificate signed by
+	// unknown authority". loadCABundle() handles system + embedded
+	// Mozilla fallback transparently.
+	if rootPool := loadCABundle(); rootPool != nil {
+		clientOpts = append(clientOpts, tlsclient.WithTransportOptions(
+			&tlsclient.TransportOptions{RootCAs: rootPool},
+		))
+	}
+	if hasHTTPSInsecureEnv() {
+		log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [VK Auth] WARNING: VKTURN_INSECURE_TLS set — skipping TLS verification (debug only!)", streamID)
+		clientOpts = append(clientOpts, tlsclient.WithInsecureSkipVerify())
+	}
+	client, err := tlsclient.NewHttpClient(tlsclient.NewNoopLogger(), clientOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize tls_client: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -936,6 +1154,16 @@ func getTokenChain(ctx context.Context, link string, streamID int, creds VKCrede
 				var solveErr error
 
 				switch solveMode {
+				case captchaSolveModePlaywright:
+					log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] Using Playwright solver (real Chromium)...", streamID)
+					if captchaErr.RedirectURI != "" {
+						successToken, solveErr = solveCaptchaViaPlaywright(captchaErr.RedirectURI, streamID)
+						if solveErr != nil {
+							log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] Playwright solver failed: %v", streamID, solveErr)
+						}
+					} else {
+						solveErr = fmt.Errorf("no redirect_uri for playwright solver")
+					}
 				case captchaSolveModeAuto:
 					if captchaErr.SessionToken != "" && captchaErr.RedirectURI != "" {
 						successToken, solveErr = solveVkCaptcha(ctx, captchaErr, streamID, client, profile, false)
@@ -1019,8 +1247,16 @@ func getTokenChain(ctx context.Context, link string, streamID int, creds VKCrede
 					data = fmt.Sprintf("vk_join_link=https://vk.com/call/join/%s&name=%s&captcha_key=%s&captcha_sid=%s&access_token=%s",
 						link, escapedName, neturl.QueryEscape(captchaKey), captchaErr.CaptchaSid, token1)
 				} else {
-					data = fmt.Sprintf("vk_join_link=https://vk.com/call/join/%s&name=%s&captcha_key=&captcha_sid=%s&is_sound_captcha=0&success_token=%s&captcha_ts=%s&captcha_attempt=%s&access_token=%s",
+					// New VK captcha flow: success_token was obtained from
-						link, escapedName, captchaErr.CaptchaSid, neturl.QueryEscape(successToken), captchaErr.CaptchaTs, captchaErr.CaptchaAttempt, token1)
+					// id.vk.ru/not_robot_captcha. captcha_sid is absent in this
+					// flow's error payload, so only include it when present to
+					// avoid sending an empty legacy field that could confuse VK.
+					sidPart := ""
+					if captchaErr.CaptchaSid != "" {
+						sidPart = "&captcha_sid=" + captchaErr.CaptchaSid
+					}
+					data = fmt.Sprintf("vk_join_link=https://vk.com/call/join/%s&name=%s&captcha_key=&is_sound_captcha=0&success_token=%s&captcha_ts=%s&captcha_attempt=%s%s&access_token=%s",
+						link, escapedName, neturl.QueryEscape(successToken), captchaErr.CaptchaTs, captchaErr.CaptchaAttempt, sidPart, token1)
 				}
 				continue
 			}
@@ -1529,6 +1765,7 @@ type turnParams struct {
 	link     string
 	udp      bool
 	getCreds getCredsFunc
+	wrapKey  []byte
 }
 
 func oneTurnConnection(ctx context.Context, turnParams *turnParams, peer *net.UDPAddr, conn2 net.PacketConn, streamID int, c chan<- error) {
@@ -1553,7 +1790,7 @@ func oneTurnConnection(ctx context.Context, turnParams *turnParams, peer *net.UD
 	}
 	var turnServerAddr string
 	turnServerAddr = net.JoinHostPort(urlhost, urlport)
-	turnServerUDPAddr, err1 := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", turnServerAddr)
+	turnServerUDPAddr, err1 := resolveUDPAddr("udp", turnServerAddr)
 	if err1 != nil {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve TURN server address: %s", err1)
 		return
@@ -1659,9 +1896,24 @@ func oneTurnConnection(ctx context.Context, turnParams *turnParams, peer *net.UD
 	})
 	var internalPipeAddr atomic.Value
 
+	var wc *wrapConn
+	if len(turnParams.wrapKey) == wrapKeyLen {
+		var wcErr error
+		wc, wcErr = newWrapConn(turnParams.wrapKey, false)
+		if wcErr != nil {
+			log.Printf("[STREAM %d] WRAP init failed: %v", streamID, wcErr)
+			turncancel()
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	go func() {
 		defer turncancel()
 		buf := make([]byte, 1600)
+		var wireBuf []byte
+		if wc != nil {
+			wireBuf = make([]byte, wrapMaxWire(len(buf)))
+		}
 		for {
 			if turnctx.Err() != nil {
 				return
@@ -1676,7 +1928,17 @@ func oneTurnConnection(ctx context.Context, turnParams *turnParams, peer *net.UD
 
 			internalPipeAddr.Store(addr1)
 
-			_, err1 = relayConn.WriteTo(buf[:n], peer)
+			out := buf[:n]
+			if wc != nil {
+				written, wrapErr := wc.wrapInto(wireBuf, out)
+				if wrapErr != nil {
+					log.Printf("[STREAM %d] WRAP failed: %v", streamID, wrapErr)
+					return
+				}
+				out = wireBuf[:written]
+			}
+
+			_, err1 = relayConn.WriteTo(out, peer)
 			if err1 != nil {
 				return
 			}
@@ -1686,7 +1948,12 @@ func oneTurnConnection(ctx context.Context, turnParams *turnParams, peer *net.UD
 	go func() {
 		defer wg.Done()
 		defer turncancel()
-		buf := make([]byte, 1600)
+		readBufLen := 1600
+		if wc != nil {
+			readBufLen = wrapMaxWire(1600)
+		}
+		buf := make([]byte, readBufLen)
+		plain := make([]byte, 1600)
 		for {
 			n, _, err1 := relayConn.ReadFrom(buf)
 			if err1 != nil {
@@ -1698,7 +1965,16 @@ func oneTurnConnection(ctx context.Context, turnParams *turnParams, peer *net.UD
 			}
 
 			if addr, ok := addr1.(net.Addr); ok {
-				if _, err := conn2.WriteTo(buf[:n], addr); err != nil {
+				payload := buf[:n]
+				if wc != nil {
+					m, wrapErr := wc.unwrapPacket(payload, plain)
+					if wrapErr != nil {
+						log.Printf("[STREAM %d] UNWRAP failed: %v (n=%d)", streamID, wrapErr, n)
+						continue
+					}
+					payload = plain[:m]
+				}
+				if _, err := conn2.WriteTo(payload, addr); err != nil {
 					return
 				}
 			}
@@ -1784,6 +2060,13 @@ func oneTurnConnectionLoop(ctx context.Context, turnParams *turnParams, peer *ne
 }
 
 func main() {
+	// Build banner — printed as the very first line so users can confirm
+	// they are running the patched binary (issue #182 captcha fix + Android
+	// TLS/CA-bundle fix). If this line is missing from the log, an older
+	// binary is being launched by the wrapper/app.
+	log.Printf("vk-turn-proxy build: captcha-fix=v2 tls-ca-fix=v1 go=%s (issue#182 + HARICA root CA bundle embedded)",
+		runtime.Version())
+
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	globalAppCancel = cancel
 	defer cancel()
@@ -1812,11 +2095,24 @@ func main() {
 	vlessMode := flag.Bool("vless", false, "VLESS mode: forward TCP connections (for VLESS) instead of UDP packets")
 	debugFlag := flag.Bool("debug", false, "enable debug logging")
 	manualCaptchaFlag := flag.Bool("manual-captcha", false, "skip auto captcha solving, use manual mode immediately")
+	captchaSolverFlag := flag.String("captcha-solver", "", "URL of Playwright-based captcha solver (e.g. http://127.0.0.1:8766). When set, captcha is solved via real headless Chromium, bypassing VK's bot detection. Requires captcha_solver.py running on the host.")
+	wrapMode := flag.Bool("wrap", false, "WRAP mode: SRTP-mimicry AEAD wrap DTLS packets. Peer server must use matching -wrap-key.")
+	wrapKeyHex := flag.String("wrap-key", "", "32-byte hex-encoded shared key for -wrap (64 hex chars)")
+	genWrapKey := flag.Bool("gen-wrap-key", false, "print a fresh 64-character hex key for -wrap-key and exit")
 	flag.Parse()
+
+	if *genWrapKey {
+		key, err := genWrapKeyHex()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Panicf("gen-wrap-key: %v", err)
+		}
+		fmt.Println(key)
+		return
+	}
 	if *peerAddr == "" {
 		log.Panicf("Need peer address!")
 	}
-	peer, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", *peerAddr)
+	peer, err := resolveUDPAddr("udp", *peerAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
@@ -1827,6 +2123,21 @@ func main() {
 	isDebug = *debugFlag
 	manualCaptcha = *manualCaptchaFlag
 	autoCaptchaSliderPOC = !manualCaptcha
+	captchaSolverURL = *captchaSolverFlag
+	if captchaSolverURL != "" {
+		log.Printf("[Captcha] Playwright solver enabled: %s (will be tried first, then fallback to auto/manual)", captchaSolverURL)
+	}
+
+	if *wrapMode && *direct {
+		log.Panicf("-wrap requires DTLS; remove -no-dtls")
+	}
+	wrapKey, err := decodeWrapKey(*wrapMode, *wrapKeyHex)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Panicf("%v", err)
+	}
+	if *wrapMode {
+		log.Printf("WRAP mode enabled: SRTP-mimicry AEAD. Peer server must use matching -wrap-key.")
+	}
 
 	var link string
 	var getCreds getCredsFunc
@@ -1866,6 +2177,7 @@ func main() {
 		link:     link,
 		udp:      *udp,
 		getCreds: getCreds,
+		wrapKey:  wrapKey,
 	}
 
 	if *vlessMode {
@@ -2158,7 +2470,7 @@ func createSmuxSession(ctx context.Context, tp *turnParams, peer *net.UDPAddr, i
 		urlport = tp.port
 	}
 	turnServerAddr := net.JoinHostPort(urlhost, urlport)
-	turnServerUDPAddr, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", turnServerAddr)
+	turnServerUDPAddr, err := resolveUDPAddr("udp", turnServerAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("resolve TURN addr: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -2227,7 +2539,15 @@ func createSmuxSession(ctx context.Context, tp *turnParams, peer *net.UDPAddr, i
 		cleanup()
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("generate cert: %w", err)
 	}
-	dtlsPC := &relayPacketConn{relay: relayConn, peer: peer}
+	var relayWC *wrapConn
+	if len(tp.wrapKey) == wrapKeyLen {
+		relayWC, err = newWrapConn(tp.wrapKey, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			cleanup()
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("wrap init: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	dtlsPC := &relayPacketConn{relay: relayConn, peer: peer, wc: relayWC}
 	dtlsConn, err := dtls.ClientWithOptions(dtlsPC, peer,
 		dtls.WithCertificates(certificate),
 		dtls.WithInsecureSkipVerify(true),
@@ -2274,14 +2594,38 @@ func createSmuxSession(ctx context.Context, tp *turnParams, peer *net.UDPAddr, i
 type relayPacketConn struct {
 	relay net.PacketConn
 	peer  net.Addr
+	wc    *wrapConn
 }
 
 func (r *relayPacketConn) ReadFrom(b []byte) (int, net.Addr, error) {
-	return r.relay.ReadFrom(b)
+	if r.wc == nil {
+		return r.relay.ReadFrom(b)
+	}
+	buf := make([]byte, wrapMaxWire(len(b)))
+	n, addr, err := r.relay.ReadFrom(buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, addr, err
+	}
+	m, err := r.wc.unwrapPacket(buf[:n], b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, addr, err
+	}
+	return m, addr, nil
 }
 
 func (r *relayPacketConn) WriteTo(b []byte, _ net.Addr) (int, error) {
-	return r.relay.WriteTo(b, r.peer)
+	if r.wc == nil {
+		return r.relay.WriteTo(b, r.peer)
+	}
+	out := make([]byte, wrapMaxWire(len(b)))
+	n, err := r.wc.wrapInto(out, b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if _, err = r.relay.WriteTo(out[:n], r.peer); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return len(b), nil
 }
 
 func (r *relayPacketConn) Close() error                       { return r.relay.Close() }

client/manual_captcha.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"compress/gzip"
 	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -343,6 +344,12 @@ func newCaptchaProxyTransport(dialer *dnsdialer.Dialer) *http.Transport {
 		TLSHandshakeTimeout:   10 * time.Second,
 		ExpectContinueTimeout: 1 * time.Second,
 		ForceAttemptHTTP2:     false,
+		// Use the same CA bundle as the main tls-client (system pool →
+		// embedded Mozilla bundle). Without this, the captcha proxy fails
+		// on Android with "x509: certificate signed by unknown authority"
+		// because HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021 is not in the empty Android
+		// system cert pool.
+		TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{RootCAs: loadCABundle()},
 	}
 	if dialer != nil {
 		transport.DialContext = dialer.DialContext
@@ -615,3 +622,75 @@ func browserOpenCommands(goos string, url string) []browserCommand {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// solveCaptchaViaPlaywright delegates the captcha solving to an external
+// HTTP service (typically the captcha_solver.py Python script shipped in
+// /home/z/my-project/scripts/) that drives a real headless Chromium via
+// Playwright. The Chromium instance produces a real FingerprintJS visitor_id
+// and real behavioral telemetry, which is the only reliable way to pass
+// VK's not_robot_captcha bot detection.
+//
+// API contract:
+//
+//	POST <solverURL>/solve
+//	Body: {"redirect_uri": "https://id.vk.ru/not_robot_captcha?..."}
+//	Response: {"success_token": "...", "elapsed": 8.3}
+//	         or {"error": "...", "elapsed": 8.3}
+//
+// The solver must already be running (e.g. `python3 captcha_solver.py`).
+// Configure via `-captcha-solver http://127.0.0.1:8766` CLI flag.
+func solveCaptchaViaPlaywright(redirectURI string, streamID int) (string, error) {
+	if captchaSolverURL == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no captcha solver URL configured")
+	}
+
+	payload := map[string]string{"redirect_uri": redirectURI}
+	body, err := json.Marshal(payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("marshal solver request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	solveURL := strings.TrimRight(captchaSolverURL, "/") + "/solve"
+	log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] Calling Playwright solver at %s", streamID, solveURL)
+
+	httpClient := &http.Client{Timeout: 60 * time.Second}
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", solveURL, bytes.NewReader(body))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("build solver request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	resp, err := httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("solver HTTP call failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+
+	respBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("read solver response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("solver returned HTTP %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(respBody))
+	}
+
+	var result struct {
+		SuccessToken string  `json:"success_token"`
+		Elapsed      float64 `json:"elapsed"`
+		Error        string  `json:"error"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(respBody, &result); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("parse solver response: %w (body: %s)", err, string(respBody))
+	}
+
+	if result.Error != "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("solver error: %s", result.Error)
+	}
+	if result.SuccessToken == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("solver returned empty success_token")
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] Playwright solver returned success_token (elapsed=%.1fs)", streamID, result.Elapsed)
+	return result.SuccessToken, nil
+}

client/slider_captcha.go

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	captchaDebugInfo      = "1d3e9babfd3a74f4588bf90cf5c30d3e8e89a0e2a4544da8de8bbf4d78a32f5c"
 	sliderCaptchaType     = "slider"
 	defaultSliderAttempts = 4
 )
@@ -132,6 +131,23 @@ func (s *captchaNotRobotSession) requestSettings() (*captchaSettingsResponse, er
 	return parseCaptchaSettingsResponse(resp)
 }
 
+// requestInitSession mirrors VK's not_robot_captcha.js which calls
+// captchaNotRobot.initSession before settings. The response carries captcha_id
+// and content_settings (encrypted per-type config). Calling it sets up
+// server-side session state that the subsequent check expects.
+func (s *captchaNotRobotSession) requestInitSession() {
+	resp, err := s.request("captchaNotRobot.initSession", s.baseValues())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] Warning: initSession failed: %v (continuing)", s.streamID, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if respObj, ok := resp["response"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+		if showType, _ := respObj["show_captcha_type"].(string); showType != "" {
+			log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] initSession: show_captcha_type=%s", s.streamID, showType)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (s *captchaNotRobotSession) requestComponentDone() error {
 	values := s.baseValues()
 	values.Set("browser_fp", s.browserFp)
@@ -185,17 +201,31 @@ func (s *captchaNotRobotSession) requestCheck(cursor string, answer string) (*ca
 	values.Set("motion", "[]")
 	values.Set("cursor", cursor)
 	values.Set("taps", "[]")
-	values.Set("connectionRtt", "[]")
+	// Realistic connection telemetry with jitter (constant arrays are a bot fingerprint).
-	values.Set("connectionDownlink", "[]")
+	values.Set("connectionRtt", generateConnectionRtt(10))
+	values.Set("connectionDownlink", generateConnectionDownlink(16))
 	values.Set("browser_fp", s.browserFp)
 	values.Set("hash", s.hash)
 	values.Set("answer", answer)
-	values.Set("debug_info", captchaDebugInfo)
+	// VK's not_robot_captcha.js sends either window.vk.brlefapmjnpg or the
+	// hardcoded fallback. The previous captchaDebugInfo constant here was a
+	// different hardcoded MD5, which VK treats as a strong bot signal.
+	values.Set("debug_info", captchaDebugInfoHardcoded)
 
 	resp, err := s.request("captchaNotRobot.check", values)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("check failed: %w", err)
 	}
+
+	// Log the raw check response so future debugging is easier.
+	if respObj, ok := resp["response"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+		status, _ := respObj["status"].(string)
+		showType, _ := respObj["show_captcha_type"].(string)
+		redirect, _ := respObj["redirect"].(string)
+		log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] check response: status=%s show_captcha_type=%q redirect=%q",
+			s.streamID, status, showType, redirect)
+	}
+
 	return parseCaptchaCheckResult(resp)
 }
 
@@ -217,6 +247,10 @@ func callCaptchaNotRobotWithSliderPOC(
 ) (string, error) {
 	session := newCaptchaNotRobotSession(ctx, sessionToken, hash, streamID, client, profile)
 
+	log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] Step 0/4: initSession", streamID)
+	session.requestInitSession()
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+
 	log.Printf("[STREAM %d] [Captcha] Step 1/4: settings", streamID)
 	settingsResp, err := session.requestSettings()
 	if err != nil {

client/wrap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"crypto/cipher"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/chacha20poly1305"
+)
+
+// Wire format — SRTP-like mimicry:
+//
+//	[12B RTP header | 12B explicit nonce | AEAD ciphertext | 16B tag]
+//
+// RTP header (RFC 3550):
+//
+//	byte 0: 0x80         V=2, P=0, X=0, CC=0
+//	byte 1: 0x6F         M=0, PT=111 (opus, typical voice PT)
+//	byte 2-3: seq16 BE   monotonic, init random
+//	byte 4-7: ts32 BE    monotonic, init random, increments by 960 (20ms @ 48kHz)
+//	byte 8-11: SSRC      random per conn, MSB encodes direction
+//
+// 12B explicit nonce = 4B sessionID || 8B counter (BE). sessionID MSB
+// matches SSRC MSB (direction bit). counter starts at a random uint64.
+// AAD = first 24 bytes (RTP header || nonce).
+//
+// VK TURN appears to forward SRTP-shaped ChannelData on a fast path and
+// drop anomalous payloads. AEAD ciphertext + 16B tag is plausible as
+// AES-GCM SRTP per RFC 7714.
+
+const (
+	wrapKeyLen     = 32
+	wrapRTPHdrLen  = 12
+	wrapNonceLen   = 12
+	wrapTagLen     = 16
+	wrapHeaderLen  = wrapRTPHdrLen + wrapNonceLen // 24
+	wrapOverhead   = wrapHeaderLen + wrapTagLen   // 40
+	wrapRTPVersion = 0x80                         // V=2, P=0, X=0, CC=0
+	wrapRTPPT      = 0x6F                         // M=0, PT=111 (opus)
+	wrapTSStep     = 960                          // 20ms @ 48kHz
+)
+
+type wrapConn struct {
+	aead      cipher.AEAD
+	sessionID [4]byte // 4B prefix for nonce; MSB encodes direction
+	ssrc      [4]byte // SSRC for RTP header; MSB encodes direction
+	counter   atomic.Uint64
+	seq       atomic.Uint32 // RTP sequence (used as uint16)
+	timestamp atomic.Uint32 // RTP timestamp
+}
+
+func newWrapConn(key []byte, isServer bool) (*wrapConn, error) {
+	if len(key) != wrapKeyLen {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wrap: key must be %d bytes (got %d)", wrapKeyLen, len(key))
+	}
+	aead, err := chacha20poly1305.New(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wrap: aead init: %w", err)
+	}
+	w := &wrapConn{aead: aead}
+
+	var rnd [16]byte
+	if _, err := rand.Read(rnd[:]); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wrap: rand init: %w", err)
+	}
+	copy(w.sessionID[:], rnd[0:4])
+	copy(w.ssrc[:], rnd[4:8])
+	if isServer {
+		w.sessionID[0] |= 0x80
+		w.ssrc[0] |= 0x80
+	} else {
+		w.sessionID[0] &^= 0x80
+		w.ssrc[0] &^= 0x80
+	}
+	w.seq.Store(uint32(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(rnd[8:10])))
+	w.timestamp.Store(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(rnd[10:14]))
+
+	var cb [8]byte
+	if _, err := rand.Read(cb[:]); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wrap: counter rand: %w", err)
+	}
+	w.counter.Store(binary.BigEndian.Uint64(cb[:]))
+	return w, nil
+}
+
+// wrapMaxWire returns max wire bytes for a given payload size.
+func wrapMaxWire(payloadLen int) int {
+	return wrapOverhead + payloadLen
+}
+
+func (w *wrapConn) wrapInto(dst, payload []byte) (int, error) {
+	wireLen := wrapOverhead + len(payload)
+	if len(dst) < wireLen {
+		return 0, errors.New("wrap: dst buffer too small")
+	}
+
+	// RTP header.
+	dst[0] = wrapRTPVersion
+	dst[1] = wrapRTPPT
+	seq := uint16(w.seq.Add(1) - 1)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(dst[2:4], seq)
+	ts := w.timestamp.Add(wrapTSStep) - wrapTSStep
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(dst[4:8], ts)
+	copy(dst[8:12], w.ssrc[:])
+
+	// Explicit nonce.
+	noncePos := wrapRTPHdrLen
+	copy(dst[noncePos:noncePos+4], w.sessionID[:])
+	ctr := w.counter.Add(1) - 1
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(dst[noncePos+4:noncePos+wrapNonceLen], ctr)
+
+	nonce := dst[noncePos : noncePos+wrapNonceLen]
+	aad := dst[:wrapHeaderLen]
+	ctPos := wrapHeaderLen
+	copy(dst[ctPos:], payload)
+	w.aead.Seal(dst[ctPos:ctPos], nonce, dst[ctPos:ctPos+len(payload)], aad)
+
+	return wireLen, nil
+}
+
+func (w *wrapConn) unwrapPacket(wire, dst []byte) (int, error) {
+	if len(wire) < wrapOverhead {
+		return 0, errors.New("wrap: packet too short")
+	}
+	nonce := wire[wrapRTPHdrLen : wrapRTPHdrLen+wrapNonceLen]
+	aad := wire[:wrapHeaderLen]
+	ct := wire[wrapHeaderLen:]
+
+	plain, err := w.aead.Open(ct[:0], nonce, ct, aad)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("wrap: AEAD open: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(plain) > len(dst) {
+		return 0, errors.New("wrap: dst buffer too small")
+	}
+	copy(dst[:len(plain)], plain)
+	return len(plain), nil
+}
+
+// --- Helpers ---
+
+func genWrapKeyHex() (string, error) {
+	key := make([]byte, wrapKeyLen)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(key); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("wrap: key gen: %w", err)
+	}
+	return hex.EncodeToString(key), nil
+}
+
+func decodeWrapKey(enabled bool, raw string) ([]byte, error) {
+	if !enabled {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	if raw == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("-wrap requires -wrap-key")
+	}
+	key, err := hex.DecodeString(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("-wrap-key invalid hex: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(key) != wrapKeyLen {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("-wrap-key must decode to %d bytes (got %d)", wrapKeyLen, len(key))
+	}
+	return key, nil
+}

client/wrap_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestWrapConnRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	key := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x42}, wrapKeyLen)
+	payload := []byte("dtls record bytes")
+
+	client, err := newWrapConn(key, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newWrapConn(client): %v", err)
+	}
+	server, err := newWrapConn(key, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newWrapConn(server): %v", err)
+	}
+
+	wire := make([]byte, wrapMaxWire(len(payload)))
+	n, err := client.wrapInto(wire, payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("wrapInto: %v", err)
+	}
+	wire = wire[:n]
+
+	if wire[0] != wrapRTPVersion {
+		t.Fatalf("RTP byte0 = 0x%02X, want 0x%02X", wire[0], wrapRTPVersion)
+	}
+	if wire[1] != wrapRTPPT {
+		t.Fatalf("RTP byte1 (PT) = 0x%02X, want 0x%02X", wire[1], wrapRTPPT)
+	}
+	if bytes.Contains(wire, payload) {
+		t.Fatalf("wrapped packet contains plaintext payload")
+	}
+
+	dst := make([]byte, 1600)
+	m, err := server.unwrapPacket(wire, dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unwrapPacket: %v", err)
+	}
+	if m != len(payload) {
+		t.Fatalf("unwrapped len = %d, want %d", m, len(payload))
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(dst[:m], payload) {
+		t.Fatalf("round trip mismatch: got %q want %q", dst[:m], payload)
+	}
+
+	// Server → Client
+	wire2 := make([]byte, wrapMaxWire(len(payload)))
+	n2, err := server.wrapInto(wire2, payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("server wrapInto: %v", err)
+	}
+	m2, err := client.unwrapPacket(wire2[:n2], dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client unwrapPacket: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(dst[:m2], payload) {
+		t.Fatalf("server→client round trip mismatch")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWrapRTPHeaderProgression(t *testing.T) {
+	key := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x42}, wrapKeyLen)
+	wc, err := newWrapConn(key, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newWrapConn: %v", err)
+	}
+	payload := []byte("x")
+
+	wire1 := make([]byte, wrapMaxWire(len(payload)))
+	n1, err := wc.wrapInto(wire1, payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("wrapInto 1: %v", err)
+	}
+	wire2 := make([]byte, wrapMaxWire(len(payload)))
+	n2, err := wc.wrapInto(wire2, payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("wrapInto 2: %v", err)
+	}
+	if n1 != n2 {
+		t.Fatalf("wire size variance: %d vs %d", n1, n2)
+	}
+
+	seq1 := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(wire1[2:4])
+	seq2 := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(wire2[2:4])
+	if seq2 != seq1+1 {
+		t.Fatalf("seq did not increment: %d → %d", seq1, seq2)
+	}
+
+	ts1 := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(wire1[4:8])
+	ts2 := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(wire2[4:8])
+	if ts2-ts1 != wrapTSStep {
+		t.Fatalf("timestamp step = %d, want %d", ts2-ts1, wrapTSStep)
+	}
+
+	// SSRC stable across packets.
+	if !bytes.Equal(wire1[8:12], wire2[8:12]) {
+		t.Fatalf("SSRC changed between packets")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWrapDirectionBit(t *testing.T) {
+	key := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x42}, wrapKeyLen)
+	client, err := newWrapConn(key, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newWrapConn(client): %v", err)
+	}
+	server, err := newWrapConn(key, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newWrapConn(server): %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if client.sessionID[0]&0x80 != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("client sessionID MSB should be 0, got 0x%02X", client.sessionID[0])
+	}
+	if server.sessionID[0]&0x80 == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("server sessionID MSB should be 1, got 0x%02X", server.sessionID[0])
+	}
+	if client.ssrc[0]&0x80 != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("client SSRC MSB should be 0, got 0x%02X", client.ssrc[0])
+	}
+	if server.ssrc[0]&0x80 == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("server SSRC MSB should be 1, got 0x%02X", server.ssrc[0])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeWrapKeyRequiresValidKeyWhenEnabled(t *testing.T) {
+	if key, err := decodeWrapKey(false, ""); err != nil || key != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("disabled decodeWrapKey = (%v, %v), want (nil, nil)", key, err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := decodeWrapKey(true, ""); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decodeWrapKey accepted empty key")
+	}
+
+	shortHex := strings.Repeat("ab", wrapKeyLen-1)
+	if _, err := decodeWrapKey(true, shortHex); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decodeWrapKey accepted short key")
+	}
+
+	fullHex := strings.Repeat("ab", wrapKeyLen)
+	key, err := decodeWrapKey(true, fullHex)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decodeWrapKey returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(key) != wrapKeyLen {
+		t.Fatalf("decoded key len = %d, want %d", len(key), wrapKeyLen)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUnwrapRejectsShortPacket(t *testing.T) {
+	key := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x42}, wrapKeyLen)
+	wc, err := newWrapConn(key, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newWrapConn: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := wc.unwrapPacket([]byte("short"), make([]byte, 16)); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unwrapPacket accepted short packet")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUnwrapRejectsTamperedPacket(t *testing.T) {
+	key := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x42}, wrapKeyLen)
+	client, err := newWrapConn(key, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newWrapConn(client): %v", err)
+	}
+	server, err := newWrapConn(key, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newWrapConn(server): %v", err)
+	}
+
+	payload := []byte("integrity test")
+	wire := make([]byte, wrapMaxWire(len(payload)))
+	n, err := client.wrapInto(wire, payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("wrapInto: %v", err)
+	}
+	wire = wire[:n]
+
+	// Flip a bit in the ciphertext.
+	wire[wrapHeaderLen+1] ^= 0xFF
+
+	dst := make([]byte, 1600)
+	if _, err := server.unwrapPacket(wire, dst); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unwrapPacket accepted tampered ciphertext")
+	}
+
+	// Re-wrap and tamper RTP header (AAD).
+	n2, _ := client.wrapInto(wire, payload)
+	wire = wire[:n2]
+	wire[8] ^= 0x01 // flip a bit in SSRC
+	if _, err := server.unwrapPacket(wire, dst); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unwrapPacket accepted tampered AAD")
+	}
+}

deploy/vk-captcha-solver.service

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=vk-turn-proxy captcha solver (Playwright + headless Chromium)
+After=network-online.target
+Wants=network-online.target
+
+[Service]
+Type=simple
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/python3 /root/captcha_solver.py --listen 127.0.0.1:8766
+Restart=on-failure
+RestartSec=5
+StandardOutput=journal
+StandardError=journal
+TasksMax=256
+LimitNOFILE=4096
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target

scripts/captcha_solver.py

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+vk-turn-proxy captcha solver — local HTTP server that uses Playwright + headless
+Chromium to solve VK's not_robot_captcha and return a success_token.
+
+Run:
+    pip install playwright requests
+    playwright install chromium
+    python3 captcha_solver.py [--listen 127.0.0.1:8766]
+
+HTTP API:
+    POST /solve
+        Body (JSON): {"redirect_uri": "https://id.vk.ru/not_robot_captcha?..."}
+        Response (JSON): {"success_token": "...", "elapsed": 8.3}
+                         or {"error": "...", "elapsed": 8.3}
+
+The Go vk-turn-proxy client can be configured (via -captcha-solver flag) to
+call this server instead of trying to solve captcha inline. This bypasses
+VK's bot detection because the captchaNotRobot.check request comes from a
+real Chromium browser with a real FingerprintJS visitor_id.
+
+Note: Chromium must be installed via `playwright install chromium`.
+"""
+import argparse
+import json
+import re
+import random
+import time
+import threading
+from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
+from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
+
+UA = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/146.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
+
+# Reuse a single browser instance across requests (Chromium startup is ~500ms)
+_browser_lock = threading.Lock()
+_browser = None
+_playwright_ctx = None
+
+
+def get_browser():
+    global _browser, _playwright_ctx
+    with _browser_lock:
+        if _browser is None:
+            _playwright_ctx = sync_playwright().start()
+            _browser = _playwright_ctx.chromium.launch(
+                headless=True,
+                args=["--no-sandbox", "--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled"],
+            )
+        return _browser
+
+
+def solve_captcha(redirect_uri: str, timeout: float = 30.0) -> dict:
+    """Load the captcha page in Chromium, click the checkbox, return success_token."""
+    start = time.time()
+    success_token = {"value": None, "error": None}
+
+    browser = get_browser()
+    context = browser.new_context(
+        user_agent=UA,
+        viewport={"width": 1920, "height": 1080},
+        locale="en-US",
+        extra_http_headers={
+            "sec-ch-ua": '"Chromium";v="146", "Not A(Brand";v="24", "Google Chrome";v="146"',
+            "sec-ch-ua-mobile": "?0",
+            "sec-ch-ua-platform": '"Windows"',
+        },
+    )
+    context.add_init_script("""
+        Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {get: () => undefined});
+        Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'languages', {get: () => ['en-US', 'en']});
+        Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'plugins', {get: () => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]});
+        window.chrome = {runtime: {}};
+    """)
+    page = context.new_page()
+
+    def on_response(response):
+        if "captchaNotRobot.check" in response.url:
+            try:
+                data = response.json()
+                if data.get("response", {}).get("success_token"):
+                    success_token["value"] = data["response"]["success_token"]
+            except Exception as e:
+                success_token["error"] = f"response parse: {e}"
+
+    page.on("response", on_response)
+
+    try:
+        page.goto(redirect_uri, wait_until="networkidle", timeout=20000)
+        checkbox = page.wait_for_selector("#not-robot-captcha-checkbox", timeout=10000)
+        box = checkbox.bounding_box()
+        target_x = box["x"] + box["width"] / 2
+        target_y = box["y"] + box["height"] / 2
+
+        # Realistic mouse path (cubic bezier)
+        start_x = random.randint(100, 400)
+        start_y = random.randint(100, 400)
+        steps = 40
+        for i in range(steps):
+            t = i / (steps - 1)
+            cp1x = start_x + random.uniform(50, 200)
+            cp1y = start_y + random.uniform(50, 200)
+            cp2x = target_x - random.uniform(20, 100)
+            cp2y = target_y - random.uniform(20, 100)
+            x = (1-t)**3 * start_x + 3*(1-t)**2*t * cp1x + 3*(1-t)*t**2 * cp2x + t**3 * target_x
+            y = (1-t)**3 * start_y + 3*(1-t)**2*t * cp1y + 3*(1-t)*t**2 * cp2y + t**3 * target_y
+            page.mouse.move(x, y)
+            page.wait_for_timeout(20)
+
+        page.wait_for_timeout(300)
+        page.mouse.click(target_x, target_y)
+
+        # Wait for success_token
+        deadline = time.time() + timeout
+        while time.time() < deadline and not success_token["value"] and not success_token["error"]:
+            page.wait_for_timeout(100)
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        success_token["error"] = str(e)
+    finally:
+        context.close()
+
+    elapsed = time.time() - start
+    if success_token["value"]:
+        return {"success_token": success_token["value"], "elapsed": round(elapsed, 1)}
+    return {"error": success_token["error"] or "no success_token received", "elapsed": round(elapsed, 1)}
+
+
+class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    def log_message(self, format, *args):
+        # Log to stdout with timestamp
+        print(f"[{time.strftime('%H:%M:%S')}] {args[0]}")
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        if self.path == "/health":
+            self._json(200, {"ok": True, "engine": "playwright"})
+        else:
+            self._json(404, {"error": "not found"})
+
+    def do_POST(self):
+        if self.path != "/solve":
+            self._json(404, {"error": "not found"})
+            return
+        try:
+            length = int(self.headers.get("Content-Length", 0))
+            body = self.rfile.read(length).decode("utf-8")
+            req = json.loads(body) if body else {}
+        except Exception as e:
+            self._json(400, {"error": f"bad request: {e}"})
+            return
+
+        redirect_uri = req.get("redirect_uri", "")
+        if not redirect_uri:
+            self._json(400, {"error": "missing redirect_uri"})
+            return
+
+        print(f"[/solve] redirect_uri={redirect_uri[:80]}...")
+        result = solve_captcha(redirect_uri)
+        print(f"[/solve] result: token={'OK' if result.get('success_token') else 'FAIL'} elapsed={result.get('elapsed')}s")
+        self._json(200, result)
+
+    def _json(self, code, obj):
+        body = json.dumps(obj).encode("utf-8")
+        self.send_response(code)
+        self.send_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(body)))
+        self.end_headers()
+        self.wfile.write(body)
+
+
+def main():
+    ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    ap.add_argument("--listen", default="127.0.0.1:8766", help="listen address")
+    args = ap.parse_args()
+
+    # Warm up the browser instance
+    print("[init] warming up Chromium...")
+    get_browser()
+    print("[init] ready")
+
+    host, port = args.listen.split(":")
+    # IMPORTANT: use plain HTTPServer (single-threaded), NOT ThreadingHTTPServer.
+    # Playwright's sync API uses greenlets that are pinned to a single thread —
+    # calling browser.new_context() from a worker thread raises
+    # "greenlet.error: Cannot switch to a different thread". Serializing all
+    # requests on the main thread is fine because captcha solving is rare
+    # (once per ~10 minutes per stream) and takes ~8s.
+    from http.server import HTTPServer
+    srv = HTTPServer((host, int(port)), Handler)
+    srv.daemon_threads = False
+    print(f"[listen] http://{args.listen} (single-threaded)")
+    print("[listen] POST /solve with {\"redirect_uri\": \"...\"} to solve captcha")
+    try:
+        srv.serve_forever()
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("\n[shutdown]")
+        if _browser:
+            _browser.close()
+        if _playwright_ctx:
+            _playwright_ctx.stop()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

server/main.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -19,12 +21,70 @@ import (
 	"github.com/xtaci/smux"
 )
 
+// customResolver uses public DNS servers as fallback for domain resolution.
+var customResolver = &net.Resolver{
+	PreferGo: true,
+	Dial: func(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
+		var d net.Dialer
+		dnsServers := []string{"77.88.8.8:53", "77.88.8.1:53", "8.8.8.8:53", "8.8.4.4:53", "1.1.1.1:53", "1.0.0.1:53"}
+		var lastErr error
+		for _, dns := range dnsServers {
+			conn, err := d.DialContext(ctx, "udp", dns)
+			if err == nil {
+				return conn, nil
+			}
+			lastErr = err
+		}
+		return nil, lastErr
+	},
+}
+
+// resolveUDPAddr resolves a host:port string to *net.UDPAddr.
+// Works with both IP addresses and domain names.
+func resolveUDPAddr(network, address string) (*net.UDPAddr, error) {
+	host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(address)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("split host:port %q: %w", address, err)
+	}
+
+	// If host is already an IP address, skip DNS resolution
+	if ip := net.ParseIP(host); ip != nil {
+		return net.ResolveUDPAddr(network, address)
+	}
+
+	// Resolve domain name using custom resolver (public DNS fallback)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	ips, err := customResolver.LookupIP(ctx, "ip4", host)
+	if err != nil || len(ips) == 0 {
+		// Fallback: try system resolver
+		return net.ResolveUDPAddr(network, address)
+	}
+
+	resolved := net.JoinHostPort(ips[0].String(), port)
+	log.Printf("[DNS] resolved %s → %s", host, ips[0].String())
+	return net.ResolveUDPAddr(network, resolved)
+}
+
 func main() {
 	listen := flag.String("listen", "0.0.0.0:56000", "listen on ip:port")
 	connect := flag.String("connect", "", "connect to ip:port")
 	vlessMode := flag.Bool("vless", false, "VLESS mode: forward TCP connections (for VLESS) instead of UDP packets")
+	wrapMode := flag.Bool("wrap", false, "WRAP mode: SRTP-mimicry AEAD wrap. Required when client uses -wrap.")
+	wrapKeyHex := flag.String("wrap-key", "", "32-byte hex-encoded shared key for -wrap (64 hex chars)")
+	genWrapKey := flag.Bool("gen-wrap-key", false, "print a fresh 64-character hex key for -wrap-key and exit")
 	flag.Parse()
 
+	if *genWrapKey {
+		key := make([]byte, wrapKeyLen)
+		if _, err := rand.Read(key); err != nil {
+			log.Panicf("gen-wrap-key: %v", err)
+		}
+		fmt.Println(hex.EncodeToString(key))
+		return
+	}
+
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
 	signalChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
@@ -37,32 +97,53 @@ func main() {
 		log.Fatalf("Exit...\n")
 	}()
 
-	addr, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", *listen)
+	addr, err := resolveUDPAddr("udp", *listen)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 	if len(*connect) == 0 {
 		log.Panicf("server address is required")
 	}
+	var wrapKey []byte
+	if *wrapMode {
+		if *wrapKeyHex == "" {
+			log.Panicf("-wrap requires -wrap-key")
+		}
+		wrapKey, err = hex.DecodeString(*wrapKeyHex)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Panicf("-wrap-key invalid hex: %v", err)
+		}
+		if len(wrapKey) != wrapKeyLen {
+			log.Panicf("-wrap-key must decode to %d bytes (got %d)", wrapKeyLen, len(wrapKey))
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("Starting server listen=%s connect=%s vless=%t wrap=%t", *listen, *connect, *vlessMode, *wrapMode)
+
 	// Generate a certificate and private key to secure the connection
 	certificate, genErr := selfsign.GenerateSelfSigned()
 	if genErr != nil {
 		panic(genErr)
 	}
 
-	//
+	dtlsOpts := []dtls.ServerOption{
-	// Everything below is the pion-DTLS API! Thanks for using it ❤️.
-	//
-
-	// Connect to a DTLS server
-	listener, err := dtls.ListenWithOptions(
-		"udp",
-		addr,
 		dtls.WithCertificates(certificate),
 		dtls.WithExtendedMasterSecret(dtls.RequireExtendedMasterSecret),
 		dtls.WithCipherSuites(dtls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256),
 		dtls.WithConnectionIDGenerator(dtls.RandomCIDGenerator(8)),
-	)
+	}
+
+	var listener net.Listener
+	if *wrapMode {
+		log.Printf("WRAP mode enabled: listener only accepts clients with matching -wrap-key")
+		wrapListener, werr := listenWrapped(addr, wrapKey)
+		if werr != nil {
+			panic(werr)
+		}
+		listener, err = dtls.NewListenerWithOptions(wrapListener, dtlsOpts...)
+	} else {
+		listener, err = dtls.ListenWithOptions("udp", addr, dtlsOpts...)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}

server/wrap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"crypto/cipher"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	dtlsnet "github.com/pion/dtls/v3/pkg/net"
+	pionudp "github.com/pion/transport/v4/udp"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/chacha20poly1305"
+)
+
+// Wire format is identical to client — see client/wrap.go. Server sets the
+// MSB of sessionID/SSRC; client clears it. RTP header fields are per-conn.
+
+const (
+	wrapKeyLen     = 32
+	wrapRTPHdrLen  = 12
+	wrapNonceLen   = 12
+	wrapTagLen     = 16
+	wrapHeaderLen  = wrapRTPHdrLen + wrapNonceLen
+	wrapOverhead   = wrapHeaderLen + wrapTagLen
+	wrapRTPVersion = 0x80
+	wrapRTPPT      = 0x6F
+	wrapTSStep     = 960
+)
+
+// bufPool eliminates per-packet heap allocation on the hot read/write paths.
+var bufPool = sync.Pool{
+	New: func() any {
+		b := make([]byte, 1600+wrapOverhead)
+		return &b
+	},
+}
+
+// wrapState holds the AEAD instance shared by all connections under one key.
+type wrapState struct {
+	aead cipher.AEAD
+}
+
+func newWrapState(key []byte) (*wrapState, error) {
+	if len(key) != wrapKeyLen {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wrap: key must be %d bytes (got %d)", wrapKeyLen, len(key))
+	}
+	aead, err := chacha20poly1305.New(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wrap: aead init: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &wrapState{aead: aead}, nil
+}
+
+// --- Listener ---
+
+func listenWrapped(addr *net.UDPAddr, key []byte) (dtlsnet.PacketListener, error) {
+	ws, err := newWrapState(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	inner, err := pionudp.Listen("udp", addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wrap: udp listen: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &wrapPacketListener{
+		inner: dtlsnet.PacketListenerFromListener(inner),
+		ws:    ws,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+type wrapPacketListener struct {
+	inner dtlsnet.PacketListener
+	ws    *wrapState
+}
+
+func (l *wrapPacketListener) Accept() (net.PacketConn, net.Addr, error) {
+	pc, addr, err := l.inner.Accept()
+	if err != nil {
+		return pc, addr, err
+	}
+	c := &wrapPacketConn{inner: pc, ws: l.ws}
+
+	var rnd [16]byte
+	if _, err := rand.Read(rnd[:]); err != nil {
+		return nil, addr, fmt.Errorf("wrap: rand init: %w", err)
+	}
+	copy(c.sessionID[:], rnd[0:4])
+	copy(c.ssrc[:], rnd[4:8])
+	c.sessionID[0] |= 0x80
+	c.ssrc[0] |= 0x80
+	c.seq.Store(uint32(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(rnd[8:10])))
+	c.timestamp.Store(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(rnd[10:14]))
+
+	var cb [8]byte
+	if _, err := rand.Read(cb[:]); err != nil {
+		return nil, addr, fmt.Errorf("wrap: counter rand: %w", err)
+	}
+	c.counter.Store(binary.BigEndian.Uint64(cb[:]))
+	return c, addr, nil
+}
+
+func (l *wrapPacketListener) Close() error   { return l.inner.Close() }
+func (l *wrapPacketListener) Addr() net.Addr { return l.inner.Addr() }
+
+// --- Per-peer PacketConn ---
+
+type wrapPacketConn struct {
+	inner     net.PacketConn
+	ws        *wrapState
+	sessionID [4]byte
+	ssrc      [4]byte
+	counter   atomic.Uint64
+	seq       atomic.Uint32
+	timestamp atomic.Uint32
+}
+
+func (c *wrapPacketConn) ReadFrom(p []byte) (int, net.Addr, error) {
+	bp := bufPool.Get().(*[]byte) //nolint:errcheck // pool New always returns *[]byte
+	buf := *bp
+	need := len(p) + wrapOverhead
+	if cap(buf) < need {
+		buf = make([]byte, need)
+		*bp = buf
+	}
+	defer bufPool.Put(bp)
+
+	n, addr, err := c.inner.ReadFrom(buf[:cap(buf)])
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, addr, err
+	}
+	wire := buf[:n]
+	if len(wire) < wrapOverhead {
+		return 0, addr, errors.New("wrap: packet too short")
+	}
+	nonce := wire[wrapRTPHdrLen : wrapRTPHdrLen+wrapNonceLen]
+	aad := wire[:wrapHeaderLen]
+	ct := wire[wrapHeaderLen:]
+
+	plain, err := c.ws.aead.Open(ct[:0], nonce, ct, aad)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, addr, fmt.Errorf("wrap: AEAD open: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(plain) > len(p) {
+		return 0, addr, errors.New("wrap: dst buffer too small")
+	}
+	copy(p[:len(plain)], plain)
+	return len(plain), addr, nil
+}
+
+func (c *wrapPacketConn) WriteTo(p []byte, addr net.Addr) (int, error) {
+	wireLen := wrapOverhead + len(p)
+
+	bp := bufPool.Get().(*[]byte) //nolint:errcheck // pool New always returns *[]byte
+	out := *bp
+	if cap(out) < wireLen {
+		out = make([]byte, wireLen)
+		*bp = out
+	}
+	out = out[:wireLen]
+	defer bufPool.Put(bp)
+
+	// RTP header.
+	out[0] = wrapRTPVersion
+	out[1] = wrapRTPPT
+	seq := uint16(c.seq.Add(1) - 1)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(out[2:4], seq)
+	ts := c.timestamp.Add(wrapTSStep) - wrapTSStep
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(out[4:8], ts)
+	copy(out[8:12], c.ssrc[:])
+
+	noncePos := wrapRTPHdrLen
+	copy(out[noncePos:noncePos+4], c.sessionID[:])
+	ctr := c.counter.Add(1) - 1
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(out[noncePos+4:noncePos+wrapNonceLen], ctr)
+
+	nonce := out[noncePos : noncePos+wrapNonceLen]
+	aad := out[:wrapHeaderLen]
+	ctPos := wrapHeaderLen
+	copy(out[ctPos:], p)
+	c.ws.aead.Seal(out[ctPos:ctPos], nonce, out[ctPos:ctPos+len(p)], aad)
+
+	if _, err := c.inner.WriteTo(out, addr); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
+func (c *wrapPacketConn) Close() error                       { return c.inner.Close() }
+func (c *wrapPacketConn) LocalAddr() net.Addr                { return c.inner.LocalAddr() }
+func (c *wrapPacketConn) SetDeadline(t time.Time) error      { return c.inner.SetDeadline(t) }
+func (c *wrapPacketConn) SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error  { return c.inner.SetReadDeadline(t) }
+func (c *wrapPacketConn) SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error { return c.inner.SetWriteDeadline(t) }