## Latest changes

* Fix `DOCTYPE` in HTML files generated for Swagger UI and ReDoc. PR [#537](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/537) by [@Trim21](https://github.com/Trim21).
* Fix handling `4XX` responses overriding default `422` validation error responses. PR [#517](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/517) by [@tsouvarev](https://github.com/tsouvarev).
* Fix typo in documentation for [Simple HTTP Basic Auth](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/http-basic-auth/#simple-http-basic-auth). PR [#514](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/514) by [@prostomarkeloff](https://github.com/prostomarkeloff).
* Fix incorrect documentation example in [first steps](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/first-steps/). PR [#511](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/511) by [@IgnatovFedor](https://github.com/IgnatovFedor).
* Add support for Swagger UI [initOauth](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/blob/master/docs/usage/oauth2.md) settings with the parameter `swagger_ui_init_oauth`. PR [#499](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/499) by [@zamiramir](https://github.com/zamiramir).

## 0.39.0

* Allow path parameters to have default values (e.g. `None`) and discard them instead of raising an error.
    * This allows declaring a parameter like `user_id: str = None` that can be taken from a query parameter, but the same path operation can be included in a router with a path `/users/{user_id}`, in which case will be taken from the path and will be required.
    * PR [#464](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/464) by [@jonathanunderwood](https://github.com/jonathanunderwood).
* Add support for setting a `default_response_class` in the `FastAPI` instance or in `include_router`. Initial PR [#467](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/467) by [@toppk](https://github.com/toppk).
* Add support for type annotations using strings and `from __future__ import annotations`. PR [#451](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/451) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).

## 0.38.1

* Fix incorrect `Request` class import. PR [#493](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/493) by [@kamalgill](https://github.com/kamalgill).

## 0.38.0

* Add recent articles to [External Links](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/external-links/) and recent opinions. PR [#490](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/490).
* Upgrade support range for Starlette to include `0.12.8`. The new range is `>=0.11.1,<=0.12.8"`. PR [#477](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/477) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
* Upgrade support to Pydantic version 0.32.2 and update internal code to use it (breaking change). PR [#463](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/463) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).

## 0.37.0

* Add support for custom route classes for advanced use cases. PR [#468](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/468) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
* Allow disabling Google fonts in ReDoc. PR [#481](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/481) by [@b1-luettje](https://github.com/b1-luettje).
* Fix security issue: when returning a sub-class of a response model and using `skip_defaults` it could leak information. PR [#485](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/485) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
* Enable tests for Python 3.8-dev. PR [#465](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/465) by [@Jamim](https://github.com/Jamim).
* Add support and tests for Pydantic dataclasses in `response_model`. PR [#454](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/454) by [@dconathan](https://github.com/dconathan).
* Fix typo in OAuth2 JWT tutorial. PR [#447](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/447) by [@pablogamboa](https://github.com/pablogamboa).
* Use the `media_type` parameter in `Body()` params to set the media type in OpenAPI for `requestBody`. PR [#439](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/439) by [@divums](https://github.com/divums).
* Add article [Deploying a scikit-learn model with ONNX and FastAPI](https://medium.com/@nico.axtmann95/deploying-a-scikit-learn-model-with-onnx-und-fastapi-1af398268915) by [https://www.linkedin.com/in/nico-axtmann](Nico Axtmann). PR [#438](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/438) by [@naxty](https://github.com/naxty).
* Allow setting custom `422` (validation error) response/schema in OpenAPI.
    * And use media type from response class instead of fixed `application/json` (the default).
    * PR [#437](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/437) by [@divums](https://github.com/divums).
* Fix using `"default"` extra response with status codes at the same time. PR [#489](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/489).
* Allow additional responses to use status code ranges (like `5XX` and `4XX`) and `"default"`. PR [#435](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/435) by [@divums](https://github.com/divums).

## 0.36.0

* Fix implementation for `skip_defaults` when returning a Pydantic model. PR [#422](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/422) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
* Fix OpenAPI generation when using the same dependency in multiple places for the same *path operation*. PR [#417](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/417) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
* Allow having empty paths in *path operations* used with `include_router` and a `prefix`.
    * This allows having a router for `/cats` and all its *path operations*, while having one of them for `/cats`.
    * Now it doesn't have to be only `/cats/` (with a trailing slash).
    * To use it, declare the path in the *path operation* as the empty string (`""`).
    * PR [#415](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/415) by [@vitalik](https://github.com/vitalik).
* Fix mypy error after merging PR #415. PR [#462](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/462).

## 0.35.0

* Fix typo in routing `assert`. PR [#419](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/419) by [@pablogamboa](https://github.com/pablogamboa).
* Fix typo in docs. PR [#411](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/411) by [@bronsen](https://github.com/bronsen).
* Fix parsing a body type declared with `Union`. PR [#400](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/400) by [@koxudaxi](https://github.com/koxudaxi).

## 0.34.0

* Upgrade Starlette supported range to include the latest `0.12.7`. The new range is `0.11.1,<=0.12.7`. PR [#367](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/367) by [@dedsm](https://github.com/dedsm).

* Add test for OpenAPI schema with duplicate models from PR [#333](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/333) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu). PR [#385](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/385).

## 0.33.0

* Upgrade Pydantic version to `0.30.0`. PR [#384](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/384) by [@jekirl](https://github.com/jekirl).

## 0.32.0

* Fix typo in docs for features. PR [#380](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/380) by [@MartinoMensio](https://github.com/MartinoMensio).

* Fix source code `limit` for example in [Query Parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params/). PR [#366](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/366) by [@Smashman](https://github.com/Smashman).

* Update wording in docs about [OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/oauth2-scopes/). PR [#371](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/371) by [@cjw296](https://github.com/cjw296).

* Update docs for `Enum`s to inherit from `str` and improve Swagger UI rendering. PR [#351](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/351).

* Fix regression, add Swagger UI deep linking again. PR [#350](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/350).

* Add test for having path templates in `prefix` of `.include_router`. PR [#349](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/349).

* Add note to docs: [Include the same router multiple times with different `prefix`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-the-same-router-multiple-times-with-different-prefix). PR [#348](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/348).

* Fix OpenAPI/JSON Schema generation for two functions with the same name (in different modules) with the same composite bodies.
    * Composite bodies' IDs are now based on path, not only on route name, as the auto-generated name uses the function names, that can be duplicated in different modules.
    * The same new ID generation applies to response models.
    * This also changes the generated title for those models.
    * Only composite bodies and response models are affected because those are generated dynamically, they don't have a module (a Python file).
    * This also adds the possibility of using `.include_router()` with the same `APIRouter` *multiple*  times, with different prefixes, e.g. `/api/v2` and `/api/latest`, and it will now work correctly.
    * PR [#347](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/347).

## 0.31.0

* Upgrade Pydantic supported version to `0.29.0`.
    * New supported version range is `"pydantic >=0.28,<=0.29.0"`.
    * This adds support for Pydantic [Generic Models](https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/#generic-models), kudos to [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
    * PR [#344](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/344).

## 0.30.1

* Add section in docs about [External Links and Articles](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/external-links/). PR [#341](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/341).

* Remove `Pipfile.lock` from the repository as it is only used by FastAPI contributors (developers of FastAPI itself). See the PR for more details. PR [#340](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/340).

* Update section about [Help FastAPI - Get Help](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/). PR [#339](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/339).

* Refine internal type declarations to improve/remove Mypy errors in users' code. PR [#338](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/338).

* Update and clarify [SQL tutorial with SQLAlchemy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/). PR [#331](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/331) by [@mariacamilagl](https://github.com/mariacamilagl).

* Add SQLite [online viewers to the docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/#interact-with-the-database-directly). PR [#330](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/330) by [@cyrilbois](https://github.com/cyrilbois).

## 0.30.0

* Add support for Pydantic's ORM mode:
    * Updated documentation about SQL with SQLAlchemy, using Pydantic models with ORM mode, SQLAlchemy models with relations, separation of files, simplification of code and other changes. New docs: [SQL (Relational) Databases](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/).
    * The new support for ORM mode fixes issues/adds features related to ORMs with lazy-loading, hybrid properties, dynamic/getters (using `@property` decorators) and several other use cases.
    * This applies to ORMs like SQLAlchemy, Peewee, Tortoise ORM, GINO ORM and virtually any other.
    * If your *path operations* return an arbitrary object with attributes (e.g. `my_item.name` instead of `my_item["name"]`) AND you use a `response_model`, make sure to update the Pydantic models with `orm_mode = True` as described in the docs (link above).
    * New documentation about receiving plain `dict`s as request bodies: [Bodies of arbitrary `dict`s](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/body-nested-models/#bodies-of-arbitrary-dicts).
    * New documentation about returning arbitrary `dict`s in responses: [Response with arbitrary `dict`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/extra-models/#response-with-arbitrary-dict).
    * **Technical Details**:
        * When declaring a `response_model` it is used directly to generate the response content, from whatever was returned from the *path operation function*.
        * Before this, the return content was first passed through `jsonable_encoder` to ensure it was a "jsonable" object, like a `dict`, instead of an arbitrary object with attributes (like an ORM model). That's why you should make sure to update your Pydantic models for objects with attributes to use `orm_mode = True`.
        * If you don't have a `response_model`, the return object will still be passed through `jsonable_encoder` first.
        * When a `response_model` is declared, the same `response_model` type declaration won't be used as is, it will be "cloned" to create an new one (a cloned Pydantic `Field` with all the submodels cloned as well).
        * This avoids/fixes a potential security issue: as the returned object is passed directly to Pydantic, if the returned object was a subclass of the `response_model` (e.g. you return a `UserInDB` that inherits from `User` but contains extra fields, like `hashed_password`, and `User` is used in the `response_model`), it would still pass the validation (because `UserInDB` is a subclass of `User`) and the object would be returned as-is, including the `hashed_password`. To fix this, the declared `response_model` is cloned, if it is a Pydantic model class (or contains Pydantic model classes in it, e.g. in a `List[Item]`), the Pydantic model class(es) will be a different one (the "cloned" one). So, an object that is a subclass won't simply pass the validation and returned as-is, because it is no longer a sub-class of the cloned `response_model`. Instead, a new Pydantic model object will be created with the contents of the returned object. So, it will be a new object (made with the data from the returned one), and will be filtered by the cloned `response_model`, containing only the declared fields as normally.
    * PR [#322](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/322).

* Remove/clean unused RegEx code in routing. PR [#314](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/314) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).

* Use default response status code descriptions for additional responses. PR [#313](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/313) by [@duxiaoyao](https://github.com/duxiaoyao).

* Upgrade Pydantic support to `0.28`. PR [#320](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/320) by [@jekirl](https://github.com/jekirl).

## 0.29.1

* Fix handling an empty-body request with a required body param. PR [#311](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/311).

* Fix broken link in docs: [Return a Response directly](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-directly/). PR [#306](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/306) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).

* Fix docs discrepancy in docs for [Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). PR [#288](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/288) by [@awiddersheim](https://github.com/awiddersheim).

## 0.29.0

* Add support for declaring a `Response` parameter:
    * This allows declaring:
        * [Response Cookies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-cookies/).
        * [Response Headers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-headers/).
        * An HTTP Status Code different than the default: [Response - Change Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-change-status-code/).
    * All of this while still being able to return arbitrary objects (`dict`, DB model, etc).
    * Update attribution to Hug, for inspiring the `response` parameter pattern.
    * PR [#294](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/294).

## 0.28.0

* Implement dependency cache per request.
    * This avoids calling each dependency multiple times for the same request.
    * This is useful while calling external services, performing costly computation, etc.
    * This also means that if a dependency was declared as a *path operation decorator* dependency, possibly at the router level (with `.include_router()`) and then it is declared again in a specific *path operation*, the dependency will be called only once.
    * The cache can be disabled per dependency declaration, using `use_cache=False` as in `Depends(your_dependency, use_cache=False)`.
    * Updated docs at: [Using the same dependency multiple times](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies/#using-the-same-dependency-multiple-times).
    * PR [#292](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/292).

* Implement dependency overrides for testing.
    * This allows using overrides/mocks of dependencies during tests.
    * New docs: [Testing Dependencies with Overrides](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing-dependencies/).
    * PR [#291](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/291).

## 0.27.2

* Fix path and query parameters receiving `dict` as a valid type. It should be mapped to a body payload. PR [#287](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/287). Updated docs at: [Query parameter list / multiple values with defaults: Using `list`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#using-list).

## 0.27.1

* Fix `auto_error=False` handling in `HTTPBearer` security scheme. Do not `raise` when there's an incorrect `Authorization` header if `auto_error=False`. PR [#282](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/282).

* Fix type declaration of `HTTPException`. PR [#279](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/279).

## 0.27.0

* Fix broken link in docs about OAuth 2.0 with scopes. PR [#275](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/275) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).

* Refactor param extraction using Pydantic `Field`:
    * Large refactor, improvement, and simplification of param extraction from *path operations*.
    * Fix/add support for list *query parameters* with list defaults. New documentation: [Query parameter list / multiple values with defaults](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#query-parameter-list-multiple-values-with-defaults).
    * Add support for enumerations in *path operation* parameters. New documentation: [Path Parameters: Predefined values](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params/#predefined-values).
    * Add support for type annotations using `Optional` as in `param: Optional[str] = None`. New documentation: [Optional type declarations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params/#optional-type-declarations).
    * PR [#278](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/278).

## 0.26.0

* Separate error handling for validation errors.
    * This will allow developers to customize the exception handlers.
    * Document better how to handle exceptions and use error handlers.
    * Include `RequestValidationError` and `WebSocketRequestValidationError` (this last one will be useful once [encode/starlette#527](https://github.com/encode/starlette/pull/527) or equivalent is merged).
    * New documentation about exceptions handlers:
        * [Install custom exception handlers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/#install-custom-exception-handlers).
        * [Override the default exception handlers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/#override-the-default-exception-handlers).
        * [Re-use **FastAPI's** exception handlers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/#re-use-fastapis-exception-handlers).
    * PR [#273](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/273).

* Fix support for *paths* in *path parameters* without needing explicit `Path(...)`.
    * PR [#256](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/256).
    * Documented in PR [#272](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/272) by [@wshayes](https://github.com/wshayes).
    * New documentation at: [Path Parameters containing paths](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params/#path-parameters-containing-paths).

* Update docs for testing FastAPI. Include using `POST`, sending JSON, testing headers, etc. New documentation: [Testing](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/#testing-extended-example). PR [#271](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/271).

* Fix type declaration of `response_model` to allow generic Python types as `List[Model]`. Mainly to fix `mypy` for users. PR [#266](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/266).

## 0.25.0

* Add support for Pydantic's `include`, `exclude`, `by_alias`.
    * Update documentation: [Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
    * Add docs for: [Body - updates](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/body-updates/), using Pydantic's `skip_defaults`.
    * Add method consistency tests.
    * PR [#264](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/264).

* Add `CONTRIBUTING.md` file to GitHub, to help new contributors. PR [#255](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/255) by [@wshayes](https://github.com/wshayes).

* Add support for Pydantic's `skip_defaults`:
    * There's a new *path operation decorator* parameter `response_model_skip_defaults`.
        * The name of the parameter will most probably change in a future version to `response_skip_defaults`, `model_skip_defaults` or something similar.
    * New [documentation section about using `response_model_skip_defaults`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response-model-encoding-parameters).
    * PR [#248](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/248) by [@wshayes](https://github.com/wshayes).

## 0.24.0

* Add support for WebSockets with dependencies and parameters.
    * Support included for:
        * `Depends`
        * `Security`
        * `Cookie`
        * `Header`
        * `Path`
        * `Query`
        * ...as these are compatible with the WebSockets protocol (e.g. `Body` is not).
    * [Updated documentation for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/websockets/).
    * PR [#178](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/178) by [@jekirl](https://github.com/jekirl).

* Upgrade the compatible version of Pydantic to `0.26.0`.
    * This includes JSON Schema support for IP address and network objects, bug fixes, and other features.
    * PR [#247](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/247) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).

## 0.23.0

* Upgrade the compatible version of Starlette to `0.12.0`.
    * This includes support for ASGI 3 (the latest version of the standard).
    * It's now possible to use [Starlette's `StreamingResponse`](https://www.starlette.io/responses/#streamingresponse) with iterators, like [file-like](https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-file-like-object) objects (as those returned by `open()`).
    * It's now possible to use the low level utility `iterate_in_threadpool` from `starlette.concurrency` (for advanced scenarios).
    * PR [#243](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/243).

* Add OAuth2 redirect page for Swagger UI. This allows having delegated authentication in the Swagger UI docs. For this to work, you need to add `{your_origin}/docs/oauth2-redirect` to the allowed callbacks in your OAuth2 provider (in Auth0, Facebook, Google, etc).
    * For example, during development, it could be `http://localhost:8000/docs/oauth2-redirect`.
    * Have in mind that this callback URL is independent of whichever one is used by your frontend. You might also have another callback at `https://yourdomain.com/login/callback`.
    * This is only to allow delegated authentication in the API docs with Swagger UI.
    * PR [#198](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/198) by [@steinitzu](https://github.com/steinitzu).

* Make Swagger UI and ReDoc route handlers (*path operations*) be `async` functions instead of lambdas to improve performance. PR [#241](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/241) by [@Trim21](https://github.com/Trim21).

* Make Swagger UI and ReDoc URLs parameterizable, allowing to host and serve local versions of them and have offline docs. PR [#112](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/112) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).

## 0.22.0

* Add support for `dependencies` parameter:
    * A parameter in *path operation decorators*, for dependencies that should be executed but the return value is not important or not used in the *path operation function*.
    * A parameter in the `.include_router()` method of FastAPI applications and routers, to include dependencies that should be executed in each *path operation* in a router.
        * This is useful, for example, to require authentication or permissions in specific group of *path operations*.
        * Different `dependencies` can be applied to different routers.
    * These `dependencies` are run before the normal parameter dependencies. And normal dependencies are run too. They can be combined.
    * Dependencies declared in a router are executed first, then the ones defined in *path operation decorators*, and then the ones declared in normal parameters. They are all combined and executed.
    * All this also supports using `Security` with `scopes` in those `dependencies` parameters, for more advanced OAuth 2.0 security scenarios with scopes.
    * New documentation about [dependencies in *path operation decorators*](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
    * New documentation about [dependencies in the `include_router()` method](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
    * PR [#235](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/235).

* Fix OpenAPI documentation of Starlette URL convertors. Specially useful when using `path` convertors, to take a whole path as a parameter, like `/some/url/{p:path}`. PR [#234](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/234) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).

* Make default parameter utilities exported from `fastapi` be functions instead of classes (the new functions return instances of those classes). To be able to override the return types and fix `mypy` errors in FastAPI's users' code. Applies to `Path`, `Query`, `Header`, `Cookie`, `Body`, `Form`, `File`, `Depends`, and `Security`. PR [#226](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/226) and PR [#231](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/231).

* Separate development scripts `test.sh`, `lint.sh`, and `format.sh`. PR [#232](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/232).

* Re-enable `black` formatting checks for Python 3.7. PR [#229](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/229) by [@zamiramir](https://github.com/zamiramir).

## 0.21.0

* On body parsing errors, raise `from` previous exception, to allow better introspection in logging code. PR [#192](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/195) by [@ricardomomm](https://github.com/ricardomomm).

* Use Python logger named "`fastapi`" instead of root logger. PR [#222](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/222) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).

* Upgrade Pydantic to version 0.25. PR [#225](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/225) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).

* Fix typo in routing. PR [#221](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/221) by [@djlambert](https://github.com/djlambert).

## 0.20.1

* Add typing information to package including file `py.typed`. PR [#209](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/209) by [@meadsteve](https://github.com/meadsteve).

* Add FastAPI bot for Gitter. To automatically announce new releases. PR [#189](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/189).

## 0.20.0

* Upgrade OAuth2:
    * Upgrade Password flow using Bearer tokens to use the correct HTTP status code 401 `UNAUTHORIZED`, with `WWW-Authenticate` headers.
    * Update, simplify, and improve all the [security docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/intro/).
    * Add new `scope_str` to `SecurityScopes` and update docs: [OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/oauth2-scopes/).
    * Update docs, images, tests.
    * PR [#188](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/188).

* Include [Hypercorn](https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn) as an alternative ASGI server in the docs. PR [#187](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/187).

* Add docs for [Static Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/static-files/) and [Templates](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/templates/). PR [#186](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/186).

* Add docs for handling [Response Cookies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-cookies/) and [Response Headers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-headers/). PR [#185](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/185).

* Fix typos in docs. PR [#176](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/176) by [@chdsbd](https://github.com/chdsbd).

## 0.19.0

* Rename _path operation decorator_ parameter `content_type` to `response_class`. PR [#183](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/183).

* Add docs:
    * How to use the `jsonable_encoder` in [JSON compatible encoder](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/encoder/).
    * How to [Return a Response directly](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-directly/).
    * Update how to use a [Custom Response Class](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/custom-response/).
    * PR [#184](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/184).

## 0.18.0

* Add docs for [HTTP Basic Auth](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/custom-response/). PR [#177](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/177).

* Upgrade HTTP Basic Auth handling with automatic headers (automatic browser login prompt). PR [#175](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/175).

* Update dependencies for security. PR [#174](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/174).

* Add docs for [Middleware](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/middleware/). PR [#173](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/173).

## 0.17.0

* Make Flit publish from CI. PR [#170](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/170).

* Add documentation about handling [CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/cors/). PR [#169](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/169).

* By default, encode by alias. This allows using Pydantic `alias` parameters working by default. PR [#168](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/168).

## 0.16.0

* Upgrade _path operation_ `doctsring` parsing to support proper Markdown descriptions. New documentation at [Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#description-from-docstring). PR [#163](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/163).

* Refactor internal usage of Pydantic to use correct data types. PR [#164](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/164).

* Upgrade Pydantic to version `0.23`. PR [#160](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/160) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).

* Fix typo in Tutorial about Extra Models. PR [#159](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/159) by [@danielmichaels](https://github.com/danielmichaels).

* Fix [Query Parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params/) URL examples in docs. PR [#157](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/157) by [@hayata-yamamoto](https://github.com/hayata-yamamoto).

## 0.15.0

* Add support for multiple file uploads (as a single form field). New docs at: [Multiple file uploads](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-files/#multiple-file-uploads). PR [#158](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/158).

* Add docs for: [Additional Status Codes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/additional-status-codes/). PR [#156](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/156).

## 0.14.0

* Improve automatically generated names of path operations in OpenAPI (in API docs). A function `read_items` instead of having a generated name "Read Items Get" will have "Read Items". PR [#155](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/155).

* Add docs for: [Testing **FastAPI**](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/). PR [#151](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/151).

* Update `/docs` Swagger UI to enable deep linking. This allows sharing the URL pointing directly to the path operation documentation in the docs. PR [#148](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/148) by [@wshayes](https://github.com/wshayes).

* Update development dependencies, `Pipfile.lock`. PR [#150](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/150).

* Include Falcon and Hug in: [Alternatives, Inspiration and Comparisons](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/alternatives/).

## 0.13.0

* Improve/upgrade OAuth2 scopes support with `SecurityScopes`:
    * `SecurityScopes` can be declared as a parameter like `Request`, to get the scopes of all super-dependencies/dependants.
    * Improve `Security` handling, merging scopes when declaring `SecurityScopes`.
    * Allow using `SecurityBase` (like `OAuth2`) classes with `Depends` and still document them. `Security` now is needed only to declare `scopes`.
    * Updated docs about: [OAuth2 with Password (and hashing), Bearer with JWT tokens](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt/).
    * New docs about: [OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/oauth2-scopes/).
    * PR [#141](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/141).

## 0.12.1

* Fix bug: handling additional `responses` in `APIRouter.include_router()`. PR [#140](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/140).

* Fix typo in SQL tutorial. PR [#138](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/138) by [@mostaphaRoudsari](https://github.com/mostaphaRoudsari).

* Fix typos in section about nested models and OAuth2 with JWT. PR [#127](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/127) by [@mmcloud](https://github.com/mmcloud).

## 0.12.0

* Add additional `responses` parameter to _path operation decorators_ to extend responses in OpenAPI (and API docs).
    * It also allows extending existing responses generated from `response_model`, declare other media types (like images), etc.
    * The new documentation is here: [Additional Responses](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/additional-responses/).
    * `responses` can also be added to `.include_router()`, the updated docs are here: [Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#add-some-custom-tags-and-responses).
    * PR [#97](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/97) originally initiated by [@barsi](https://github.com/barsi).
* Update `scripts/test-cov-html.sh` to allow passing extra parameters like `-vv`, for development.

## 0.11.0

* Add `auto_error` parameter to security utility functions. Allowing them to be optional. Also allowing to have multiple alternative security schemes that are then checked in a single dependency instead of each one verifying and returning the error to the client automatically when not satisfied. PR [#134](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/134).

* Update [SQL Tutorial](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/#create-a-middleware-to-handle-sessions) to close database sessions even when there are exceptions. PR [#89](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/89) by [@alexiri](https://github.com/alexiri).

* Fix duplicate dependency in `pyproject.toml`. PR [#128](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/128) by [@zxalif](https://github.com/zxalif).

## 0.10.3

* Add Gitter chat, badge, links, etc. [https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi](https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi) . PR [#117](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/117).

* Add docs about [Extending OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/extending-openapi/). PR [#126](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/126).

* Make Travis run Ubuntu Xenial (newer version) and Python 3.7 instead of Python 3.7-dev. PR [#92](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/92) by [@blueyed](https://github.com/blueyed).

* Fix duplicated param variable creation. PR [#123](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/123) by [@yihuang](https://github.com/yihuang).

* Add note in [Response Model docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/) about why using a function parameter instead of a function return type annotation. PR [#109](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/109) by [@JHSaunders](https://github.com/JHSaunders).

* Fix event docs (startup/shutdown) function name. PR [#105](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/105) by [@stratosgear](https://github.com/stratosgear).

## 0.10.2

* Fix OpenAPI (JSON Schema) for declarations of Python `Union` (JSON Schema `additionalProperties`). PR [#121](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/121).

* Update [Background Tasks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/) with a note on Celery.

* Document response models using unions and lists, updated at: [Extra Models](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/extra-models/). PR [#108](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/108).

## 0.10.1

* Add docs and tests for [encode/databases](https://github.com/encode/databases). New docs at: [Async SQL (Relational) Databases](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/async-sql-databases/). PR [#107](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/107).

## 0.10.0

* Add support for Background Tasks in _path operation functions_ and dependencies. New documentation about [Background Tasks is here](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/). PR [#103](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/103).

* Add support for `.websocket_route()` in `APIRouter`. PR [#100](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/100) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).

* New docs section about [Events: startup - shutdown](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/events/). PR [#99](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/99).

## 0.9.1

* Document receiving [Multiple values with the same query parameter](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#query-parameter-list-multiple-values) and [Duplicate headers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/header-params/#duplicate-headers). PR [#95](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/95).

## 0.9.0

* Upgrade compatible Pydantic version to `0.21.0`. PR [#90](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/90).

* Add documentation for: [Application Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/application-configuration/).

* Fix typo in docs. PR [#76](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/76) by [@matthewhegarty](https://github.com/matthewhegarty).

* Fix link in "Deployment" to "Bigger Applications".

## 0.8.0

* Make development scripts executable. PR [#76](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/76) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).

* Add support for adding `tags` in `app.include_router()`. PR [#55](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/55) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10). Documentation updated in the section: [Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/).

* Update docs related to Uvicorn to use new `--reload` option from version `0.5.x`. PR [#74](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/74).

* Update `isort` imports and scripts to be compatible with newer versions. PR [#75](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/75).

## 0.7.1

* Update [technical details about `async def` handling](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#path-operation-functions) with respect to previous frameworks. PR [#64](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/64) by [@haizaar](https://github.com/haizaar).

* Add [deployment documentation for Docker in Raspberry Pi](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/deployment/#raspberry-pi-and-other-architectures) and other architectures.

* Trigger Docker images build on Travis CI automatically. PR [#65](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/65).

## 0.7.0

* Add support for `UploadFile` in `File` parameter annotations.
    * This includes a file-like interface.
    * Here's the updated documentation for declaring [`File` parameters with `UploadFile`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-files/#file-parameters-with-uploadfile).
    * And here's the updated documentation for using [`Form` parameters mixed with `File` parameters, supporting `bytes` and `UploadFile`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-forms-and-files/) at the same time.
    * PR [#63](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/63).

## 0.6.4

* Add [technical details about `async def` handling to docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#very-technical-details). PR [#61](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/61).

* Add docs for [Debugging FastAPI applications in editors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/debugging/).

* Clarify [Bigger Applications deployed with Docker](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/deployment/#bigger-applications).

* Fix typos in docs.

* Add section about [History, Design and Future](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/history-design-future/).

* Add docs for using [WebSockets with **FastAPI**](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/websockets/). PR [#62](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/62).

## 0.6.3

* Add Favicons to docs. PR [#53](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/53).

## 0.6.2

* Introduce new project generator based on FastAPI and PostgreSQL: [https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql](https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql). PR [#52](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/52).

* Update [SQL tutorial with SQLAlchemy, using `Depends` to improve editor support and reduce code repetition](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/). PR [#52](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/52).

* Improve middleware naming in tutorial for SQL with SQLAlchemy [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/).

## 0.6.1

* Add docs for GraphQL: [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/graphql/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/graphql/). PR [#48](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/48).

## 0.6.0

* Update SQL with SQLAlchemy tutorial at [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/) using the new official `request.state`. PR [#45](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/45).

* Upgrade Starlette to version `0.11.1` and add required compatibility changes. PR [#44](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/44).

## 0.5.1

* Add section about [helping and getting help with **FastAPI**](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/).

* Add note about [path operations order in docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params/#order-matters).

* Update [section about error handling](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/) with more information and make relation with Starlette error handling utilities more explicit. PR [#41](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/41).

* Add <a href="" target="_blank">Development - Contributing section to the docs</a>. PR [#42](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/42).

## 0.5.0

* Add new `HTTPException` with support for custom headers. With new documentation for handling errors at: [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/). PR [#35](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/35).

* Add [documentation to use Starlette `Request` object](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/using-request-directly/) directly. Check [#25](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/25) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).

* Add issue templates to simplify reporting bugs, getting help, etc: [#34](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/34).

* Update example for the SQLAlchemy tutorial at [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/) using middleware and database session attached to request.

## 0.4.0

* Add `openapi_prefix`, support for reverse proxy and mounting sub-applications. See the docs at [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sub-applications-proxy/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sub-applications-proxy/): [#26](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/26) by [@kabirkhan](https://github.com/kabirkhan).

* Update [docs/tutorial for SQLAlchemy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/) including note about _DB Browser for SQLite_.

## 0.3.0

* Fix/add SQLAlchemy support, including ORM, and update [docs for SQLAlchemy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/): [#30](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/30).

## 0.2.1

* Fix `jsonable_encoder` for Pydantic models with `Config` but without `json_encoders`: [#29](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/29).

## 0.2.0

* Fix typos in Security section: [#24](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/24) by [@kkinder](https://github.com/kkinder).

* Add support for Pydantic custom JSON encoders: [#21](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/21) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).

## 0.1.19

* Upgrade Starlette version to the current latest `0.10.1`: [#17](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/17) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).