Merge 3797c3ca61 into 1b3bea8b6b

docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/api-key.md

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+# API Key Authentication
+
+There are many ways to handle security, authentication and authorization.
+
+But let's imagine that you have your **backend** API and you want to have a simple way to authenticate requests using an **API key** in an HTTP header.
+
+This is very common for APIs that provide services to other applications or microservices.
+
+## API Key in Header
+
+FastAPI provides `APIKeyHeader` to handle API key authentication using HTTP headers.
+
+Let's look at how to implement this:
+
+{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial_api_key_header.py *}
+
+## What it does
+
+When you create an instance of `APIKeyHeader`:
+
+```Python
+api_key_header = APIKeyHeader(name=API_KEY_NAME, auto_error=False)
+```
+
+* `name`: The name of the HTTP header that will contain the API key
+* `auto_error`: If `True` (default), FastAPI will automatically return an error if the header is missing. If `False`, the dependency will return `None` when the header is missing.
+
+## The dependency
+
+When you use `api_key_header` as a dependency:
+
+```Python
+def verify_api_key(api_key: str = Security(api_key_header)):
+```
+
+FastAPI will:
+
+1. Look for a header with the name you specified (in this case `X-API-Key`)
+2. Extract the value from that header
+3. Pass it as the `api_key` parameter to your function
+
+## Verification logic
+
+In the `verify_api_key` function:
+
+* We check if the API key is present
+* We verify that it matches our expected value
+* If invalid, we raise an `HTTPException` with status code 401
+* If valid, we return the API key (or could return user information)
+
+## Using the protected endpoint
+
+To access the protected endpoint, clients need to include the API key in the request header:
+
+```bash
+curl -H "X-API-Key: your-secret-api-key" http://localhost:8000/protected
+```
+
+Without the header:
+```bash
+curl http://localhost:8000/protected
+# Returns: 401 Unauthorized
+```
+
+With an invalid API key:
+```bash
+curl -H "X-API-Key: wrong-key" http://localhost:8000/protected
+# Returns: 401 Unauthorized
+```
+
+## Interactive documentation
+
+When you go to `/docs`, you will see that your endpoints are marked as requiring authentication, and there's a way to set the API key for testing:
+
+1. Click the "Authorize" button
+2. Enter your API key in the `APIKeyHeader` field
+3. Click "Authorize"
+4. Now you can test the protected endpoints directly from the docs
+
+## Multiple API Key methods
+
+You can also combine different authentication methods. FastAPI provides:
+
+* `APIKeyQuery`: API key in a query parameter
+* `APIKeyHeader`: API key in an HTTP header (shown above)
+* `APIKeyCookie`: API key in a cookie
+
+You can use them individually or combine them for more flexible authentication.
+
+## Real-world considerations
+
+In a production environment, you should:
+
+1. **Store API keys securely**: Use environment variables or a secure key management system
+2. **Use strong API keys**: Generate long, random strings
+3. **Implement key rotation**: Allow keys to be updated periodically
+4. **Add rate limiting**: Prevent abuse of your API
+5. **Log access**: Monitor who is using your API and how
+6. **Use HTTPS**: Always encrypt traffic containing API keys
+
+## Next steps
+
+This is a basic example of API key authentication. For more complex scenarios, you might want to:
+
+* Store API keys in a database with associated user information
+* Implement different permission levels for different keys
+* Add expiration dates to API keys
+* Combine API key authentication with other methods like OAuth2

docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/index.md

@@ -103,4 +103,10 @@ FastAPI provides several tools for each of these security schemes in the `fastap
 
 In the next chapters you will see how to add security to your API using those tools provided by **FastAPI**.
 
+You will learn about:
+
+* **API Key Authentication**: Simple authentication using API keys in headers, query parameters, or cookies
+* **OAuth2 with Password (and hashing), Bearer with JWT tokens**: Full OAuth2 implementation with JWT tokens
+* **Login system**: How to create a complete login system
+
 And you will also see how it gets automatically integrated into the interactive documentation system.

docs_src/security/tutorial_api_key_header.py

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+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Security, status
+from fastapi.security import APIKeyHeader
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+# Configuration de l'API Key - normalement vous stockeriez cela de manière sécurisée
+API_KEY = "your-secret-api-key"
+API_KEY_NAME = "X-API-Key"
+
+api_key_header = APIKeyHeader(name=API_KEY_NAME, auto_error=False)
+
+
+class User(BaseModel):
+    username: str
+    role: str
+
+
+def verify_api_key(api_key: str = Security(api_key_header)):
+    """
+    Vérifie si l'API key fournie est valide.
+
+    Args:
+        api_key: L'API key extraite de l'en-tête HTTP
+
+    Returns:
+        L'API key si elle est valide
+
+    Raises:
+        HTTPException: Si l'API key est manquante ou invalide
+    """
+    if api_key is None:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="API Key manquante",
+            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "API-Key"},
+        )
+    if api_key != API_KEY:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="API Key invalide",
+            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "API-Key"},
+        )
+    return api_key
+
+
+def get_current_user(api_key: str = Depends(verify_api_key)):
+    """
+    Retourne l'utilisateur actuel basé sur l'API key valide.
+
+    Dans un vrai système, vous feriez une requête à votre base de données
+    pour récupérer l'utilisateur associé à l'API key.
+    """
+    # Simulation d'une recherche d'utilisateur en base
+    return User(username="john_doe", role="admin")
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def public_endpoint():
+    """Point d'accès public - aucune authentification requise."""
+    return {"message": "Ceci est un endpoint public"}
+
+
+@app.get("/protected")
+async def protected_endpoint(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)):
+    """
+    Point d'accès protégé - nécessite une API key valide.
+
+    Pour tester cet endpoint:
+    curl -H "X-API-Key: your-secret-api-key" http://localhost:8000/protected
+    """
+    return {
+        "message": f"Bonjour {current_user.username}!",
+        "user_role": current_user.role,
+        "protected_data": "Données sensibles accessibles uniquement avec une API key valide",
+    }
+
+
+@app.get("/users/me")
+async def read_current_user(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)):
+    """Récupère les informations de l'utilisateur actuel."""
+    return current_user

docs_src/security/tutorial_api_key_simple.py

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+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
+from fastapi.security import APIKeyHeader
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+API_KEY = "your-secret-api-key"
+
+api_key_header = APIKeyHeader(name="X-API-Key")
+
+
+def verify_api_key(api_key: str = Depends(api_key_header)):
+    if api_key != API_KEY:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, detail="Invalid API Key"
+        )
+    return api_key
+
+
+@app.get("/protected")
+def read_protected_data(api_key: str = Depends(verify_api_key)):
+    return {"message": "This is protected data", "api_key": api_key}

tests/test_tutorial_api_key_header.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from docs_src.security.tutorial_api_key_header import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_public_endpoint():
+    """Test que l'endpoint public fonctionne sans authentification."""
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "Ceci est un endpoint public"}
+
+
+def test_protected_endpoint_with_valid_api_key():
+    """Test de l'endpoint protégé avec une API key valide."""
+    response = client.get("/protected", headers={"X-API-Key": "your-secret-api-key"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    data = response.json()
+    assert "message" in data
+    assert "john_doe" in data["message"]
+    assert data["user_role"] == "admin"
+    assert "protected_data" in data
+
+
+def test_protected_endpoint_without_api_key():
+    """Test de l'endpoint protégé sans API key."""
+    response = client.get("/protected")
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "API Key manquante"}
+
+
+def test_protected_endpoint_with_invalid_api_key():
+    """Test de l'endpoint protégé avec une API key invalide."""
+    response = client.get("/protected", headers={"X-API-Key": "wrong-key"})
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "API Key invalide"}
+
+
+def test_users_me_endpoint_with_valid_api_key():
+    """Test de l'endpoint /users/me avec une API key valide."""
+    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"X-API-Key": "your-secret-api-key"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["username"] == "john_doe"
+    assert data["role"] == "admin"
+
+
+def test_users_me_endpoint_without_api_key():
+    """Test de l'endpoint /users/me sans API key."""
+    response = client.get("/users/me")
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    """Test que le schéma OpenAPI inclut bien la sécurité API Key."""
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+
+    openapi_schema = response.json()
+
+    # Vérifier que le composant de sécurité API Key est présent
+    assert "components" in openapi_schema
+    assert "securitySchemes" in openapi_schema["components"]
+
+    security_schemes = openapi_schema["components"]["securitySchemes"]
+
+    # Rechercher le scheme APIKeyHeader
+    api_key_scheme = None
+    for _scheme_name, scheme_data in security_schemes.items():
+        if scheme_data.get("type") == "apiKey" and scheme_data.get("in") == "header":
+            api_key_scheme = scheme_data
+            break
+
+    assert api_key_scheme is not None
+    assert api_key_scheme["name"] == "X-API-Key"
+
+    # Vérifier que les endpoints protégés ont bien la sécurité définie
+    paths = openapi_schema["paths"]
+
+    # L'endpoint /protected devrait avoir de la sécurité
+    protected_endpoint = paths["/protected"]["get"]
+    assert "security" in protected_endpoint
+
+    # L'endpoint public ne devrait pas avoir de sécurité
+    public_endpoint = paths["/"]["get"]
+    assert "security" not in public_endpoint or public_endpoint.get("security") == []