diff --git a/fastapi/encoders.py b/fastapi/encoders.py
index f35e4c6767..643a11adca 100644
--- a/fastapi/encoders.py
+++ b/fastapi/encoders.py
@@ -242,19 +242,23 @@ def jsonable_encoder(
         exclude = set(exclude)  # type: ignore[assignment]  # ty: ignore[invalid-assignment]
     if isinstance(obj, BaseModel):
         if custom_encoder:
+            encoded_values: dict[int, Any] = {}
+            no_encoder = object()
 
-            def custom_encoder_fallback(value: Any) -> Any:
+            def custom_encode(value: Any) -> Any:
                 if type(value) in custom_encoder:
-                    encoded_value = custom_encoder[type(value)](value)
-                else:
-                    for encoder_type, encoder_instance in custom_encoder.items():
-                        if isinstance(value, encoder_type):
-                            encoded_value = encoder_instance(value)
-                            break
-                    else:
-                        raise TypeError(
-                            f"Object of type {type(value).__name__} is not JSON serializable"
-                        )
+                    return custom_encoder[type(value)](value)
+                for encoder_type, encoder_instance in custom_encoder.items():
+                    if isinstance(value, encoder_type):
+                        return encoder_instance(value)
+                return no_encoder
+
+            def jsonable_custom_encoded(value: Any) -> Any:
+                encoded_value = custom_encode(value)
+                if encoded_value is no_encoder:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"Object of type {type(value).__name__} is not JSON serializable"
+                    )
                 return jsonable_encoder(
                     encoded_value,
                     by_alias=by_alias,
@@ -265,6 +269,11 @@ def jsonable_encoder(
                     sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
                 )
 
+            def custom_encoder_fallback(value: Any) -> Any:
+                encoded_value = jsonable_custom_encoded(value)
+                encoded_values[id(value)] = encoded_value
+                return encoded_value
+
             obj_dict = obj.__pydantic_serializer__.to_python(
                 obj,
                 mode="json",
@@ -276,6 +285,27 @@ def jsonable_encoder(
                 exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
                 fallback=custom_encoder_fallback,
             )
+            for field_name, field in type(obj).model_fields.items():
+                value = getattr(obj, field_name)
+                encoded_value = encoded_values.get(id(value), no_encoder)
+                if encoded_value is no_encoder:
+                    encoded_value = custom_encode(value)
+                    if encoded_value is no_encoder:
+                        continue
+                    encoded_value = jsonable_encoder(
+                        encoded_value,
+                        by_alias=by_alias,
+                        exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                        exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                        exclude_none=exclude_none,
+                        custom_encoder=custom_encoder,
+                        sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
+                    )
+                field_key = field_name
+                if by_alias:
+                    field_key = field.serialization_alias or field.alias or field_name
+                if field_key in obj_dict:
+                    obj_dict[field_key] = encoded_value
             return jsonable_encoder(
                 obj_dict,
                 exclude_none=exclude_none,
diff --git a/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py b/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py
index ebb7814bfc..0e68332422 100644
--- a/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py
+++ b/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py
@@ -285,18 +285,36 @@ def test_custom_encoder_model_field_uses_caller_options():
 
 
 def test_custom_encoder_model_field_does_not_encode_field_names():
+    class ModelWithString(BaseModel):
+        value: str
+
+    assert jsonable_encoder(
+        ModelWithString(value="encoded"),
+        custom_encoder={str: str.upper},
+    ) == {"value": "ENCODED"}
+
+
+def test_custom_encoder_model_field_applies_to_known_field_types():
     class CustomValue:
         pass
 
+    class NestedModel(BaseModel):
+        value: int
+
     class ModelWithCustomValue(BaseModel):
         model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
 
         value: CustomValue
+        nested: NestedModel
 
     assert jsonable_encoder(
-        ModelWithCustomValue(value=CustomValue()),
-        custom_encoder={CustomValue: lambda _: "encoded", str: str.upper},
-    ) == {"value": "ENCODED"}
+        ModelWithCustomValue(value=CustomValue(), nested=NestedModel(value=1)),
+        custom_encoder={
+            CustomValue: lambda _: "encoded",
+            NestedModel: lambda _: "nested",
+            str: str.upper,
+        },
+    ) == {"value": "ENCODED", "nested": "NESTED"}
 
 
 def test_custom_enum_encoders():