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REQUIRED_NONE_ENHANCEMENT.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Users often want to create APIs where:
 3. Validation rules still apply when the parameter is not None
 
 The existing documentation shows either:
-- Optional parameters: `param: str | None = None` 
+- Optional parameters: `param: str | None = None`
 - Required parameters: `param: str`
 
 But doesn't clearly demonstrate the middle ground: **required but nullable**.
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ async def read_items(
     # Handle explicit None case
     if q == "null":
         q = None
-    
+
     if q is not None:
         # Filter logic here
         return {"items": [...], "filtered_by": q}
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ async def read_items(
 ### Key Points
 
 1. **No default value** - Makes the parameter required
-2. **Union[str, None]** - Allows both string and None values  
+2. **Union[str, None]** - Allows both string and None values
 3. **Handle "null" string** - Convert string "null" to Python None
 4. **Validation applies** - min_length=3 still enforced for non-None values
 
 ### Usage Examples
 
 ```bash
-# ✅ Valid - searches for "python" 
+# ✅ Valid - searches for "python"
 GET /items/?q=python
 
 # ✅ Valid - explicitly no filtering (null converted to None)
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ GET /items/?q=ab
 - `tutorial016_required_can_be_none_py310.py` - Simple demonstration
 - `tutorial016_required_can_be_none_an.py` - Compatible with older Python versions
 
-### Comprehensive Example  
+### Comprehensive Example
 - `tutorial017_comprehensive_required_none_py310.py` - Advanced patterns including:
   - Multiple required parameters with different types
   - Custom validation and error handling
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ GET /items/?q=ab
 ## Why This Enhancement Matters
 
 1. **Addresses Real User Need** - Issue #12419 shows this is a genuine pain point
-2. **Fills Documentation Gap** - Current docs don't cover this specific pattern  
+2. **Fills Documentation Gap** - Current docs don't cover this specific pattern
 3. **Provides Working Code** - Complete, tested examples ready to use
 4. **Shows Best Practices** - Error handling, validation, and API design patterns
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ All examples include comprehensive test coverage showing:
 This enhancement connects to existing FastAPI documentation:
 - Query Parameters tutorial
 - Parameter validation
-- Request validation and error handling  
+- Request validation and error handling
 - Type hints and annotations
 
 The examples follow FastAPI's established patterns while addressing the specific "required but nullable" use case.
@@ -109,4 +109,4 @@ Expected to help:
 - Developers migrating from other frameworks with different parameter semantics
 - API designers needing explicit null/empty state handling
 
-This addresses a frequently asked question and provides clear, working solutions with comprehensive examples.
+This addresses a frequently asked question and provides clear, working solutions with comprehensive examples.

docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial016_required_can_be_none_an.py

@@ -7,29 +7,27 @@ app = FastAPI()
 
 
 @app.get("/items/")
-async def read_items(
-    q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3)] = ...
-):
+async def read_items(q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3)] = ...):
     """
     Example of a required query parameter that can be None.
-    
+
     The parameter 'q' is required (must be provided by the client)
     but can explicitly be set to None by passing "null" as string.
-    
+
     - If q is provided and valid: returns items filtered by q
     - If q is "null": treats it as None and returns all items
     - If q is missing: returns 422 validation error (required parameter)
     - If q is too short: returns 422 validation error (min_length=3)
     """
     results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
-    
+
     # Handle explicit None case
     if q == "null":
         q = None
-    
+
     if q is not None:
         results.update({"q": q, "filtered": True})
     else:
         results.update({"q": None, "filtered": False})
-    
-    return results
+
+    return results

docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial016_required_can_be_none_py310.py

@@ -6,29 +6,27 @@ app = FastAPI()
 
 
 @app.get("/items/")
-async def read_items(
-    q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3)]
-):
+async def read_items(q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3)]):
     """
     Example of a required query parameter that can be None.
-    
+
     The parameter 'q' is required (must be provided by the client)
     but can explicitly be set to None by passing "null" as string.
-    
+
     - If q is provided and valid: returns items filtered by q
     - If q is "null": treats it as None and returns all items
     - If q is missing: returns 422 validation error (required parameter)
     - If q is too short: returns 422 validation error (min_length=3)
     """
     results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
-    
+
     # Handle explicit None case
     if q == "null":
         q = None
-    
+
     if q is not None:
         results.update({"q": q, "filtered": True})
     else:
         results.update({"q": None, "filtered": False})
-    
-    return results
+
+    return results

docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial017_comprehensive_required_none_py310.py

@@ -1,17 +1,15 @@
 from typing import Annotated, Union
 
-from fastapi import FastAPI, Query, HTTPException
+from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
 
 app = FastAPI()
 
 
 @app.get("/items/basic/")
-async def read_items_basic(
-    q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3)]
-):
+async def read_items_basic(q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3)]):
     """
     Basic example: Required query parameter that can be None.
-    
+
     Usage examples:
     - GET /items/basic/?q=test -> filters by "test"
     - GET /items/basic/?q=null -> returns all items (q treated as None)
@@ -19,85 +17,83 @@ async def read_items_basic(
     - GET /items/basic/?q=ab -> 422 error (too short)
     """
     results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
-    
+
     # Handle explicit None case
     if q == "null":
         q = None
-    
+
     if q is not None:
         results.update({"q": q, "filtered": True})
     else:
         results.update({"q": None, "filtered": False})
-    
+
     return results
 
 
 @app.get("/items/advanced/")
 async def read_items_advanced(
     q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3)],
-    include_metadata: Annotated[bool, Query()] = False
+    include_metadata: Annotated[bool, Query()] = False,
 ):
     """
     Advanced example: Multiple required parameters with None handling.
-    
+
     This shows how to handle multiple query parameters where some
     can be None and others have different types.
-    
+
     Usage examples:
     - GET /items/advanced/?q=search&include_metadata=true
-    - GET /items/advanced/?q=null&include_metadata=false  
+    - GET /items/advanced/?q=null&include_metadata=false
     - GET /items/advanced/?q=search (include_metadata defaults to false)
     """
     # Convert "null" string to actual None
     if q == "null":
         q = None
-    
+
     # Simulate database items
     all_items = [
         {"item_id": "Foo", "tags": ["tag1", "tag2"], "active": True},
         {"item_id": "Bar", "tags": ["tag3"], "active": False},
-        {"item_id": "Baz", "tags": ["tag1"], "active": True}
+        {"item_id": "Baz", "tags": ["tag1"], "active": True},
     ]
-    
+
     # Filter items if query is provided
     if q is not None:
         filtered_items = [
-            item for item in all_items 
-            if q.lower() in item["item_id"].lower() or 
-               any(q.lower() in tag.lower() for tag in item["tags"])
+            item
+            for item in all_items
+            if q.lower() in item["item_id"].lower()
+            or any(q.lower() in tag.lower() for tag in item["tags"])
         ]
     else:
         filtered_items = all_items
-    
+
     # Remove metadata if not requested
     if not include_metadata:
-        filtered_items = [
-            {"item_id": item["item_id"]} 
-            for item in filtered_items
-        ]
-    
+        filtered_items = [{"item_id": item["item_id"]} for item in filtered_items]
+
     return {
         "items": filtered_items,
         "query_used": q,
         "total_found": len(filtered_items),
-        "metadata_included": include_metadata
+        "metadata_included": include_metadata,
     }
 
 
 @app.get("/items/validation/")
 async def read_items_with_custom_validation(
-    q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3)]
+    q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3)],
 ):
     """
     Example with custom validation and error handling.
-    
+
     This shows how to add custom business logic validation
     while still using FastAPI's automatic validation.
     """
     # Handle explicit None case
     if q == "null":
         q = None
-    
+
     # Custom validation (after FastAPI's automatic validation)
     if q is not None:
         # Example: Reject certain reserved words
@@ -105,25 +101,29 @@ async def read_items_with_custom_validation(
         if q.lower() in reserved_words:
             raise HTTPException(
                 status_code=400,
-                detail=f"Query '{q}' is a reserved word and cannot be used for searching"
+                detail=f"Query '{q}' is a reserved word and cannot be used for searching",
             )
-        
+
         # Example: Convert to proper search format
         q = q.strip().lower()
-    
+
     results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
-    
+
     if q is not None:
-        results.update({
-            "q": q,
-            "search_performed": True,
-            "note": "Query has been normalized to lowercase"
-        })
+        results.update(
+            {
+                "q": q,
+                "search_performed": True,
+                "note": "Query has been normalized to lowercase",
+            }
+        )
     else:
-        results.update({
-            "q": None,
-            "search_performed": False,
-            "note": "No search query provided (null value received)"
-        })
-    
-    return results
+        results.update(
+            {
+                "q": None,
+                "search_performed": False,
+                "note": "No search query provided (null value received)",
+            }
+        )
+
+    return results