<ahref="https://cryptapi.io/"target="_blank"title="CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."><imgsrc="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg"></a>
<ahref="https://platform.sh/try-it-now/?utm_source=fastapi-signup&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=FastAPI-signup-June-2023"target="_blank"title="Build, run and scale your apps on a modern, reliable, and secure PaaS."><imgsrc="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/platform-sh.png"></a>
<ahref="https://www.buildwithfern.com/?utm_source=tiangolo&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=main-badge"target="_blank"title="Fern | SDKs and API docs"><imgsrc="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/fern.svg"></a>
<ahref="https://www.porter.run"target="_blank"title="Deploy FastAPI on AWS with a few clicks"><imgsrc="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/porter.png"></a>
<ahref="https://bump.sh/fastapi?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=sponsor"target="_blank"title="Automate FastAPI documentation generation with Bump.sh"><imgsrc="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/bump-sh.svg"></a>
<ahref="https://github.com/scalar/scalar/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=main-badge"target="_blank"title="Scalar: Beautiful Open-Source API References from Swagger/OpenAPI files"><imgsrc="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/scalar.svg"></a>
<ahref="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi"target="_blank"title="The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas"><imgsrc="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/deta.svg"></a>
<ahref="https://training.talkpython.fm/fastapi-courses"target="_blank"title="FastAPI video courses on demand from people you trust"><imgsrc="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/talkpython.png"></a>
<ahref="https://testdriven.io/courses/tdd-fastapi/"target="_blank"title="Learn to build high-quality web apps with best practices"><imgsrc="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/testdriven.svg"></a>
@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ The key features are:
<ahref="https://databento.com/"target="_blank"title="Pay as you go for market data"><imgsrc="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/databento.svg"></a>
<ahref="https://speakeasyapi.dev?utm_source=fastapi+repo&utm_medium=github+sponsorship"target="_blank"title="SDKs for your API | Speakeasy"><imgsrc="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/speakeasy.png"></a>
<ahref="https://www.svix.com/"target="_blank"title="Svix - Webhooks as a service"><imgsrc="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/svix.svg"></a>
<ahref="https://www.codacy.com/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsors&utm_id=pioneers"target="_blank"title="Take code reviews from hours to minutes"><imgsrc="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/codacy.png"></a>
@ -20,10 +20,9 @@ Some of them also ✨ [**sponsor FastAPI**](../help-fastapi.md#sponsor-the-autho
And it shows their true commitment to FastAPI and its **community** (you), as they not only want to provide you a **good service** but also want to make sure you have a **good and healthy framework**, FastAPI. 🙇
You might want to try their services and follow their guides:
For example, you might want to try <ahref="https://speakeasyapi.dev/?utm_source=fastapi+repo&utm_medium=github+sponsorship"class="external-link"target="_blank">Speakeasy</a>.
@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ Now we create a dependency that returns a new `config.Settings()`.
```
!!! tip
We'll discuss the `@lru_cache()` in a bit.
We'll discuss the `@lru_cache` in a bit.
For now you can assume `get_settings()` is a normal function.
@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ This practice is common enough that it has a name, these environment variables a
But a dotenv file doesn't really have to have that exact filename.
Pydantic has support for reading from these types of files using an external library. You can read more at <ahref="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/settings/#dotenv-env-support"class="external-link"target="_blank">Pydantic Settings: Dotenv (.env) support</a>.
Pydantic has support for reading from these types of files using an external library. You can read more at <ahref="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/pydantic_settings/#dotenv-env-support"class="external-link"target="_blank">Pydantic Settings: Dotenv (.env) support</a>.
!!! tip
For this to work, you need to `pip install python-dotenv`.
@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ def get_settings():
we would create that object for each request, and we would be reading the `.env` file for each request. ⚠️
But as we are using the `@lru_cache()` decorator on top, the `Settings` object will be created only once, the first time it's called. ✔️
But as we are using the `@lru_cache` decorator on top, the `Settings` object will be created only once, the first time it's called. ✔️
=== "Python 3.9+"
@ -415,14 +415,14 @@ Then for any subsequent calls of `get_settings()` in the dependencies for the ne
#### `lru_cache` Technical Details
`@lru_cache()` modifies the function it decorates to return the same value that was returned the first time, instead of computing it again, executing the code of the function every time.
`@lru_cache` modifies the function it decorates to return the same value that was returned the first time, instead of computing it again, executing the code of the function every time.
So, the function below it will be executed once for each combination of arguments. And then the values returned by each of those combinations of arguments will be used again and again whenever the function is called with exactly the same combination of arguments.
For example, if you have a function:
```Python
@lru_cache()
@lru_cache
def say_hi(name: str, salutation: str = "Ms."):
return f"Hello {salutation} {name}"
```
@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ In the case of our dependency `get_settings()`, the function doesn't even take a
That way, it behaves almost as if it was just a global variable. But as it uses a dependency function, then we can override it easily for testing.
`@lru_cache()` is part of `functools` which is part of Python's standard library, you can read more about it in the <ahref="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.lru_cache"class="external-link"target="_blank">Python docs for `@lru_cache()`</a>.
`@lru_cache` is part of `functools` which is part of Python's standard library, you can read more about it in the <ahref="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.lru_cache"class="external-link"target="_blank">Python docs for `@lru_cache`</a>.
## Recap
@ -482,4 +482,4 @@ You can use Pydantic Settings to handle the settings or configurations for your
* By using a dependency you can simplify testing.
* You can use `.env` files with it.
* Using `@lru_cache()` lets you avoid reading the dotenv file again and again for each request, while allowing you to override it during testing.
* Using `@lru_cache` lets you avoid reading the dotenv file again and again for each request, while allowing you to override it during testing.
@ -119,8 +119,6 @@ That's why when talking about version 2.0 it's common to say "Swagger", and for
These two were chosen for being fairly popular and stable, but doing a quick search, you could find dozens of additional alternative user interfaces for OpenAPI (that you can use with **FastAPI**).
For example, you could try <ahref="https://www.buildwithfern.com/?utm_source=tiangolo&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=docs-alternatives"class="external-link"target="_blank">Fern</a> which is also a FastAPI sponsor. 😎🎉
### Flask REST frameworks
There are several Flask REST frameworks, but after investing the time and work into investigating them, I found that many are discontinued or abandoned, with several standing issues that made them unfit.
@ -409,11 +409,11 @@ Still, in both situations, chances are that **FastAPI** will [still be faster](/
### Dependencies
The same applies for [dependencies](/tutorial/dependencies/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool.
The same applies for [dependencies](./tutorial/dependencies/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool.
### Sub-dependencies
You can have multiple dependencies and [sub-dependencies](/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank} requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread (from the threadpool) instead of being "awaited".
You can have multiple dependencies and [sub-dependencies](./tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank} requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread (from the threadpool) instead of being "awaited".
* 🔧 Add `CITATION.cff` file for academic citations. PR [#10496](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10496) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Scalar. PR [#10728](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10728) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
### Internal
* 🔧 Update sponsors, remove Fern. PR [#10729](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10729) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Codacy. PR [#10677](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10677) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Reflex. PR [#10676](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10676) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 📝 Update release notes, move and check latest-changes. PR [#10588](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10588) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 👷 Upgrade latest-changes GitHub Action. PR [#10587](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10587) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
## 0.104.1
### Fixes
* 📌 Pin Swagger UI version to 5.9.0 temporarily to handle a bug crashing it in 5.9.1. PR [#10529](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10529) by [@alejandraklachquin](https://github.com/alejandraklachquin).
* This is not really a bug in FastAPI but in Swagger UI, nevertheless pinning the version will work while a solution is found on the [Swagger UI side](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/issues/9337).
### Docs
* 📝 Update data structure and render for external-links. PR [#10495](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10495) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🐛 Fix overriding MKDocs theme lang in hook. PR [#10490](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10490) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* ✏️ Fix link to SPDX license identifier in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/metadata.md`. PR [#10433](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10433) by [@worldworm](https://github.com/worldworm).
* 📝 Update example validation error from Pydantic v1 to match Pydantic v2 in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-params.md`. PR [#10043](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10043) by [@giuliowaitforitdavide](https://github.com/giuliowaitforitdavide).
* ✏️ Fix typos in emoji docs and in some source examples. PR [#10438](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10438) by [@afuetterer](https://github.com/afuetterer).
@ -17,8 +34,24 @@ hide:
* ✏️ Fix typos and rewordings in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md`. PR [#10468](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10468) by [@yogabonito](https://github.com/yogabonito).
* 📝 Update docs, remove references to removed `pydantic.Required` in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md`. PR [#10469](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10469) by [@yogabonito](https://github.com/yogabonito).
* ✏️ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/reference/index.md`. PR [#10467](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10467) by [@tarsil](https://github.com/tarsil).
* 🔥 Drop/close Gitter chat. Questions should go to GitHub Discussions, free conversations to Discord.. PR [#10485](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10485) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🔥 Remove unnecessary duplicated docstrings. PR [#10484](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10484) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
### Internal
* ✏️ Update Pydantic links to dotenv support. PR [#10511](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10511) by [@White-Mask](https://github.com/White-Mask).
* ✏️ Update links in `docs/en/docs/async.md` and `docs/zh/docs/async.md` to make them relative. PR [#10498](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10498) by [@hasnatsajid](https://github.com/hasnatsajid).
* ✏️ Fix links in `docs/em/docs/async.md`. PR [#10507](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10507) by [@hasnatsajid](https://github.com/hasnatsajid).
* ✏️ Fix typo in `docs/em/docs/index.md`, Python 3.8. PR [#10521](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10521) by [@kerriop](https://github.com/kerriop).
* ⬆ Bump pillow from 9.5.0 to 10.1.0. PR [#10446](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10446) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* ⬆ Update mkdocs-material requirement from <9.0.0,>=8.1.4 to >=8.1.4,<10.0.0.PR [#5862](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5862) by[@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* ⬆ Bump mkdocs-material from 9.1.21 to 9.4.7. PR [#10545](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10545) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* 👷 Install MkDocs Material Insiders only when secrets are available, for Dependabot. PR [#10544](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10544) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🔧 Update sponsors badges, Databento. PR [#10519](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10519) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 👷 Adopt Ruff format. PR [#10517](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10517) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🔧 Add `CITATION.cff` file for academic citations. PR [#10496](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10496) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🐛 Fix overriding MKDocs theme lang in hook. PR [#10490](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10490) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 🔥 Drop/close Gitter chat. Questions should go to GitHub Discussions, free conversations to Discord.. PR [#10485](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10485) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
<atitle="Fern | SDKs and API docs"style="display: block; position: relative;"href="https://www.buildwithfern.com/?utm_source=tiangolo&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=top-banner"target="_blank">
Irfanuddin Shafi Ahmed
2 years ago
GitHub
