diff --git a/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml b/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml index d283ef9f7..b43aba01d 100644 --- a/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml +++ b/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml @@ -17,3 +17,4 @@ nl: 4701 uz: 4883 sv: 5146 he: 5157 +ta: 5434 diff --git a/.github/actions/people/app/main.py b/.github/actions/people/app/main.py index 1455d01ca..31756a5fc 100644 --- a/.github/actions/people/app/main.py +++ b/.github/actions/people/app/main.py @@ -260,6 +260,7 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings): input_token: SecretStr input_standard_token: SecretStr github_repository: str + httpx_timeout: int = 30 def get_graphql_response( @@ -270,9 +271,10 @@ def get_graphql_response( response = httpx.post( github_graphql_url, headers=headers, + timeout=settings.httpx_timeout, json={"query": query, "variables": variables, "operationName": "Q"}, ) - if not response.status_code == 200: + if response.status_code != 200: logging.error(f"Response was not 200, after: {after}") logging.error(response.text) raise RuntimeError(response.text) @@ -431,7 +433,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__": ) authors = {**issue_authors, **pr_authors} maintainers_logins = {"tiangolo"} - bot_names = {"codecov", "github-actions"} + bot_names = {"codecov", "github-actions", "pre-commit-ci", "dependabot"} maintainers = [] for login in maintainers_logins: user = authors[login] diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml b/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml index 0d666b82a..3052ec1e2 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml @@ -23,17 +23,14 @@ jobs: with: path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }} key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-docs-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-v03 - - name: Install Flit - if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' - run: python3.7 -m pip install flit - name: Install docs extras if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' - run: python3.7 -m flit install --deps production --extras doc + run: pip install .[doc] - name: Install Material for MkDocs Insiders if: ( github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false ) && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' run: pip install git+https://${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git - name: Build Docs - run: python3.7 ./scripts/docs.py build-all + run: python ./scripts/docs.py build-all - name: Zip docs run: bash ./scripts/zip-docs.sh - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3 @@ -41,7 +38,7 @@ jobs: name: docs-zip path: ./docs.zip - name: Deploy to Netlify - uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.2.3 + uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.2.4 with: publish-dir: './site' production-branch: master diff --git a/.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml b/.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml index 9e71a461a..15c59d4bd 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs: steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v3 - name: Download Artifact Docs - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.21.1 + uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.24.0 with: github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} workflow: build-docs.yml @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs: rm -f docs.zip - name: Deploy to Netlify id: netlify - uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.2.3 + uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.2.4 with: publish-dir: './site' production-deploy: false diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml index 02846cefd..fe4c5ee86 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/publish.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/publish.yml @@ -17,23 +17,21 @@ jobs: - name: Set up Python uses: actions/setup-python@v4 with: - python-version: "3.6" + python-version: "3.7" - uses: actions/cache@v3 id: cache with: path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }} key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-publish - - name: Install Flit + - name: Install build dependencies if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' - run: pip install flit - - name: Install Dependencies - if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' - run: flit install --symlink + run: pip install build + - name: Build distribution + run: python -m build - name: Publish - env: - FLIT_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.FLIT_USERNAME }} - FLIT_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.FLIT_PASSWORD }} - run: bash scripts/publish.sh + uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.5.1 + with: + password: ${{ secrets.PYPI_API_TOKEN }} - name: Dump GitHub context env: GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} diff --git a/.github/workflows/smokeshow.yml b/.github/workflows/smokeshow.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..606633a99 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/workflows/smokeshow.yml @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +name: Smokeshow + +on: + workflow_run: + workflows: [Test] + types: [completed] + +permissions: + statuses: write + +jobs: + smokeshow: + if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }} + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + + steps: + - uses: actions/setup-python@v4 + with: + python-version: '3.9' + + - run: pip install smokeshow + + - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2 + with: + workflow: test.yml + commit: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }} + + - run: smokeshow upload coverage-html + env: + SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_STATUS_DESCRIPTION: Coverage {coverage-percentage} + SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_COVERAGE_THRESHOLD: 100 + SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_CONTEXT: coverage + SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} + SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_PR_HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }} + SMOKESHOW_AUTH_KEY: ${{ secrets.SMOKESHOW_AUTH_KEY }} diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml index 14dc141d9..7f87be700 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/test.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs: runs-on: ubuntu-latest strategy: matrix: - python-version: ["3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10"] + python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"] fail-fast: false steps: @@ -26,16 +26,48 @@ jobs: with: path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }} key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-test-v02 - - name: Install Flit - if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' - run: pip install flit - name: Install Dependencies if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' - run: flit install --symlink + run: pip install -e .[all,dev,doc,test] - name: Lint - if: ${{ matrix.python-version != '3.6' }} run: bash scripts/lint.sh + - run: mkdir coverage - name: Test run: bash scripts/test.sh - - name: Upload coverage - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3 + env: + COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage.${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }} + CONTEXT: ${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }} + - name: Store coverage files + uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3 + with: + name: coverage + path: coverage + coverage-combine: + needs: [test] + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v3 + + - uses: actions/setup-python@v4 + with: + python-version: '3.8' + + - name: Get coverage files + uses: actions/download-artifact@v3 + with: + name: coverage + path: coverage + + - run: pip install coverage[toml] + + - run: ls -la coverage + - run: coverage combine coverage + - run: coverage report + - run: coverage html --show-contexts --title "Coverage for ${{ github.sha }}" + + - name: Store coverage HTML + uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3 + with: + name: coverage-html + path: htmlcov diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml index 6944e4a25..bd5b8641a 100644 --- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml +++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml @@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ repos: - id: end-of-file-fixer - id: trailing-whitespace - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade - rev: v2.37.1 + rev: v3.1.0 hooks: - id: pyupgrade args: - --py3-plus - --keep-runtime-typing -- repo: https://github.com/myint/autoflake - rev: v1.4 +- repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/autoflake + rev: v1.7.7 hooks: - id: autoflake args: @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ repos: name: isort (pyi) types: [pyi] - repo: https://github.com/psf/black - rev: 22.6.0 + rev: 22.10.0 hooks: - id: black ci: diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index bcea9fe73..fe0ad49de 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ Test - - Coverage + + Coverage Package version @@ -27,12 +27,11 @@ --- -FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. +FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.7+ based on standard Python type hints. The key features are: * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). - * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * * **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. @@ -47,9 +46,9 @@ The key features are: - + + - @@ -113,7 +112,7 @@ If you are building a CLI app to be ## Requirements -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.7+ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: @@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi -You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. +You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn.
@@ -329,7 +328,7 @@ You do that with standard modern Python types. You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. -Just standard **Python 3.6+**. +Just standard **Python 3.7+**. For example, for an `int`: diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md index 322f95f62..db412cf2c 100644 --- a/SECURITY.md +++ b/SECURITY.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Learn more about it below. 👇 ## Versions -The latest versions of FastAPI are supported. +The latest version of FastAPI is supported. You are encouraged to [write tests](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/) for your application and update your FastAPI version frequently after ensuring that your tests are passing. This way you will benefit from the latest features, bug fixes, and **security fixes**. diff --git a/docs/az/docs/index.md b/docs/az/docs/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3129f9dc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/az/docs/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,466 @@ + +{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!} + + +

+ FastAPI +

+

+ FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production +

+

+ + Test + + + Coverage + + + Package version + +

+ +--- + +**Documentation**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com + +**Source Code**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi + +--- + +FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. + +The key features are: + +* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). + +* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * +* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * +* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. +* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs. +* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs. +* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation. +* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: OpenAPI (previously known as Swagger) and JSON Schema. + +* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications. + +## Sponsors + + + +{% if sponsors %} +{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} + +{% endfor -%} +{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + + + +Other sponsors + +## Opinions + +"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._" + +
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
+ +--- + +"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_" + +
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
+ +--- + +"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_" + +
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
+ +--- + +"_I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!_" + +
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
+ +--- + +"_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._" + +
Timothy Crosley - Hug creator (ref)
+ +--- + +"_If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]_" + +"_We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]_" + +
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI founders - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref)
+ +--- + +## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs + + + +If you are building a CLI app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out **Typer**. + +**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀 + +## Requirements + +Python 3.7+ + +FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: + +* Starlette for the web parts. +* Pydantic for the data parts. + +## Installation + +
+ +```console +$ pip install fastapi + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## Example + +### Create it + +* Create a file `main.py` with: + +```Python +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +
+Or use async def... + +If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`: + +```Python hl_lines="9 14" +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +async def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +**Note**: + +If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about `async` and `await` in the docs. + +
+ +### Run it + +Run the server with: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +
+About the command uvicorn main:app --reload... + +The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to: + +* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module"). +* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`. +* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development. + +
+ +### Check it + +Open your browser at http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. + +You will see the JSON response as: + +```JSON +{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} +``` + +You already created an API that: + +* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`. +* Both _paths_ take `GET` operations (also known as HTTP _methods_). +* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`. +* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`. + +### Interactive API docs + +Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by Swagger UI): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### Alternative API docs + +And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by ReDoc): + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +## Example upgrade + +Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request. + +Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic. + +```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + is_offer: Optional[bool] = None + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above). + +### Interactive API docs upgrade + +Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body: + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) + +* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) + +### Alternative API docs upgrade + +And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body: + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### Recap + +In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters. + +You do that with standard modern Python types. + +You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. + +Just standard **Python 3.6+**. + +For example, for an `int`: + +```Python +item_id: int +``` + +or for a more complex `Item` model: + +```Python +item: Item +``` + +...and with that single declaration you get: + +* Editor support, including: + * Completion. + * Type checks. +* Validation of data: + * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid. + * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects. +* Conversion of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from: + * JSON. + * Path parameters. + * Query parameters. + * Cookies. + * Headers. + * Forms. + * Files. +* Conversion of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON): + * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc). + * `datetime` objects. + * `UUID` objects. + * Database models. + * ...and many more. +* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces: + * Swagger UI. + * ReDoc. + +--- + +Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will: + +* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests. +* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests. + * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error. +* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests. + * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional. + * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`). +* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON: + * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`. + * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`. + * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present. + * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects. +* Convert from and to JSON automatically. +* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by: + * Interactive documentation systems. + * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages. +* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly. + +--- + +We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works. + +Try changing the line with: + +```Python + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +...from: + +```Python + ... "item_name": item.name ... +``` + +...to: + +```Python + ... "item_price": item.price ... +``` + +...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +For a more complete example including more features, see the Tutorial - User Guide. + +**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes: + +* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**. +* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`. +* A very powerful and easy to use **Dependency Injection** system. +* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth. +* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic). +* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: + * **WebSockets** + * **GraphQL** + * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` + * **CORS** + * **Cookie Sessions** + * ...and more. + +## Performance + +Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as one of the fastest Python frameworks available, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*) + +To understand more about it, see the section Benchmarks. + +## Optional Dependencies + +Used by Pydantic: + +* ujson - for faster JSON "parsing". +* email_validator - for email validation. + +Used by Starlette: + +* requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. +* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. +* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`. +* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. +* pyyaml - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI). +* graphene - Required for `GraphQLApp` support. +* ujson - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`. + +Used by FastAPI / Starlette: + +* uvicorn - for the server that loads and serves your application. +* orjson - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`. + +You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`. + +## License + +This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. diff --git a/docs/az/mkdocs.yml b/docs/az/mkdocs.yml index 90ee0bb82..d549f37a3 100644 --- a/docs/az/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/az/mkdocs.yml @@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/de/docs/features.md b/docs/de/docs/features.md index d99ade402..f825472a9 100644 --- a/docs/de/docs/features.md +++ b/docs/de/docs/features.md @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Hierdurch werden Sie nie wieder einen falschen Schlüsselnamen benutzen und spar ### Kompakt -FastAPI nutzt für alles sinnvolle **Standard-Einstellungen**, welche optional überall konfiguriert werden können. Alle Parameter können ganz genau an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst werden, sodass sie genau die API definieren können, die sie brauchen. +FastAPI nutzt für alles sensible **Standard-Einstellungen**, welche optional überall konfiguriert werden können. Alle Parameter können ganz genau an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst werden, sodass sie genau die API definieren können, die sie brauchen. Aber standardmäßig, **"funktioniert einfach"** alles. @@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ Die gesamte Validierung übernimmt das etablierte und robuste **Pydantic**. ### Sicherheit und Authentifizierung -Sicherheit und Authentifizierung integriert. Ohne einen Kompromiss aufgrund einer Datenbank oder den Datenentitäten. +Integrierte Sicherheit und Authentifizierung. Ohne Kompromisse bei Datenbanken oder Datenmodellen. -Unterstützt alle von OpenAPI definierten Sicherheitsschemata, hierzu gehören: +Unterstützt werden alle von OpenAPI definierten Sicherheitsschemata, hierzu gehören: * HTTP Basis Authentifizierung. * **OAuth2** (auch mit **JWT Zugriffstokens**). Schauen Sie sich hierzu dieses Tutorial an: [OAuth2 mit JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. @@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ FastAPI enthält ein extrem einfaches, aber extrem mächtiges eines der schnellsten Python frameworks, auf Augenhöhe mit **NodeJS** und **Go**. +* Stark beeindruckende Performanz. Es ist eines der schnellsten Python Frameworks, auf Augenhöhe mit **NodeJS** und **Go**. * **WebSocket**-Unterstützung. * Hintergrundaufgaben im selben Prozess. * Ereignisse für das Starten und Herunterfahren. @@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ Mit **FastAPI** bekommen Sie alle Funktionen von **Pydantic** (da FastAPI für d * In Vergleichen ist Pydantic schneller als jede andere getestete Bibliothek. * Validierung von **komplexen Strukturen**: * Benutzung von hierachischen Pydantic Schemata, Python `typing`’s `List` und `Dict`, etc. - * Validierungen erlauben klare und einfache Datenschemadefinition, überprüft und dokumentiert als JSON Schema. + * Validierungen erlauben eine klare und einfache Datenschemadefinition, überprüft und dokumentiert als JSON Schema. * Sie können stark **verschachtelte JSON** Objekte haben und diese sind trotzdem validiert und annotiert. * **Erweiterbar**: - * Pydantic erlaubt die Definition von eigenen Datentypen oder Sie können die Validierung mit einer `validator` dekorierten Methode erweitern.. + * Pydantic erlaubt die Definition von eigenen Datentypen oder sie können die Validierung mit einer `validator` dekorierten Methode erweitern. * 100% Testabdeckung. diff --git a/docs/de/docs/index.md b/docs/de/docs/index.md index 929754462..07f51b1be 100644 --- a/docs/de/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/de/docs/index.md @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ If you are building a CLI app to be ## Requirements -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.7+ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/de/mkdocs.yml b/docs/de/mkdocs.yml index 6009dd2fe..8c3c42b5f 100644 --- a/docs/de/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/de/mkdocs.yml @@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/en/data/external_links.yml b/docs/en/data/external_links.yml index 4a5791a43..934c5842b 100644 --- a/docs/en/data/external_links.yml +++ b/docs/en/data/external_links.yml @@ -1,5 +1,13 @@ articles: english: + - author: WayScript + author_link: https://www.wayscript.com + link: https://blog.wayscript.com/fast-api-quickstart/ + title: Quickstart Guide to Build and Host Responsive APIs with Fast API and WayScript + - author: New Relic + author_link: https://newrelic.com + link: https://newrelic.com/instant-observability/fastapi/e559ec64-f765-4470-a15f-1901fcebb468 + title: How to monitor FastAPI application performance using Python agent - author: Jean-Baptiste Rocher author_link: https://hashnode.com/@jibrocher link: https://dev.indooroutdoor.io/series/fastapi-react-poll-app @@ -212,6 +220,10 @@ articles: author_link: https://twitter.com/MantoshMukul link: https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/guide/tutorials/fastapi-aws-kubernetes/ title: Developing FastAPI Application using K8s & AWS + - author: KrishNa + author_link: https://medium.com/@krishnardt365 + link: https://medium.com/@krishnardt365/fastapi-docker-and-postgres-91943e71be92 + title: Fastapi, Docker(Docker compose) and Postgres german: - author: Nico Axtmann author_link: https://twitter.com/_nicoax diff --git a/docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml b/docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml index 6c1efcbbd..3d0b37dac 100644 --- a/docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml +++ b/docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml @@ -1,34 +1,25 @@ sponsors: -- - login: github - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9919?v=4 - url: https://github.com/github +- - login: jina-ai + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/60539444?v=4 + url: https://github.com/jina-ai - - login: Doist avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2565372?v=4 url: https://github.com/Doist - login: cryptapi avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/44925437?u=61369138589bc7fee6c417f3fbd50fbd38286cc4&v=4 url: https://github.com/cryptapi - - login: BLUE-DEVIL1134 - 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login: acnebs count: 22 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9054108?u=c27e50269f1ef8ea950cc6f0268c8ec5cebbe9c9&v=4 @@ -129,10 +137,6 @@ experts: count: 19 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24581770?v=4 url: https://github.com/retnikt -- login: odiseo0 - count: 19 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/87550035?u=ab724eae71c3fe1cf81e8dc76e73415da926ef7d&v=4 - url: https://github.com/odiseo0 - login: Hultner count: 18 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2669034?u=115e53df959309898ad8dc9443fbb35fee71df07&v=4 @@ -157,6 +161,10 @@ experts: count: 16 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/39515546?u=ec35139777597cdbbbddda29bf8b9d4396b429a9&v=4 url: https://github.com/waynerv +- login: yinziyan1206 + count: 16 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/37829370?v=4 + url: https://github.com/yinziyan1206 - login: dstlny count: 16 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/41964673?u=9f2174f9d61c15c6e3a4c9e3aeee66f711ce311f&v=4 @@ -171,7 +179,7 @@ experts: url: https://github.com/hellocoldworld - 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url: https://github.com/odiseo0 -- login: jonatasoli + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/50829834?u=a48610bf1bffaa9c75d03228926e2eb08a2e24ee&v=4 + url: https://github.com/mbroton +- login: yinziyan1206 count: 3 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/26334101?u=071c062d2861d3dd127f6b4a5258cd8ef55d4c50&v=4 - url: https://github.com/jonatasoli + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/37829370?v=4 + url: https://github.com/yinziyan1206 top_contributors: - login: waynerv count: 25 @@ -236,9 +228,17 @@ top_contributors: avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35119617?u=58ed2a45798a4339700e2f62b2e12e6e54bf0396&v=4 url: https://github.com/dmontagu - login: jaystone776 - count: 15 + count: 16 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/11191137?u=299205a95e9b6817a43144a48b643346a5aac5cc&v=4 url: https://github.com/jaystone776 +- login: Kludex + count: 15 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7353520?u=62adc405ef418f4b6c8caa93d3eb8ab107bc4927&v=4 + url: https://github.com/Kludex +- login: dependabot + count: 14 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/in/29110?v=4 + url: https://github.com/apps/dependabot - login: euri10 count: 13 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1104190?u=321a2e953e6645a7d09b732786c7a8061e0f8a8b&v=4 @@ -247,10 +247,6 @@ top_contributors: count: 12 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/11489395?u=4adb6986bf3debfc2b8216ae701f2bd47d73da7d&v=4 url: https://github.com/mariacamilagl -- login: Kludex - count: 11 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7353520?u=62adc405ef418f4b6c8caa93d3eb8ab107bc4927&v=4 - url: https://github.com/Kludex - login: Smlep count: 10 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16785985?v=4 @@ -267,6 +263,14 @@ top_contributors: count: 7 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9651103?u=95db33927bbff1ed1c07efddeb97ac2ff33068ed&v=4 url: https://github.com/hard-coders +- login: rjNemo + count: 7 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/56785022?u=d5c3a02567c8649e146fcfc51b6060ccaf8adef8&v=4 + url: https://github.com/rjNemo +- login: pre-commit-ci + count: 6 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/in/68672?v=4 + url: https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci - login: wshayes count: 5 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/365303?u=07ca03c5ee811eb0920e633cc3c3db73dbec1aa5&v=4 @@ -279,21 +283,25 @@ top_contributors: count: 5 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1175560?v=4 url: https://github.com/Attsun1031 -- login: dependabot +- login: ComicShrimp count: 5 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/in/29110?v=4 - url: https://github.com/apps/dependabot + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43503750?u=f440bc9062afb3c43b9b9c6cdfdcfe31d58699ef&v=4 + url: https://github.com/ComicShrimp - login: jekirl count: 4 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2546697?u=a027452387d85bd4a14834e19d716c99255fb3b7&v=4 url: https://github.com/jekirl +- login: samuelcolvin + count: 4 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4039449?u=807390ba9cfe23906c3bf8a0d56aaca3cf2bfa0d&v=4 + url: https://github.com/samuelcolvin - login: jfunez count: 4 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/805749?v=4 url: https://github.com/jfunez - 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count: 18 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/61513630?u=320e43fe4dc7bc6efc64e9b8f325f8075634fd20&v=4 - url: https://github.com/lsglucas -- login: JarroVGIT - count: 18 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13659033?u=e8bea32d07a5ef72f7dde3b2079ceb714923ca05&v=4 - url: https://github.com/JarroVGIT +- login: rjNemo + count: 17 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/56785022?u=d5c3a02567c8649e146fcfc51b6060ccaf8adef8&v=4 + url: https://github.com/rjNemo +- login: Smlep + count: 17 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16785985?v=4 + url: https://github.com/Smlep - login: zy7y count: 17 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/67154681?u=5d634834cc514028ea3f9115f7030b99a1f4d5a4&v=4 @@ -396,14 +416,6 @@ top_reviewers: count: 16 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/52768429?u=6a3aa15277406520ad37f6236e89466ed44bc5b8&v=4 url: https://github.com/SwftAlpc -- login: rjNemo - count: 16 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/56785022?u=d5c3a02567c8649e146fcfc51b6060ccaf8adef8&v=4 - url: https://github.com/rjNemo -- login: Smlep - count: 16 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16785985?v=4 - url: https://github.com/Smlep - login: DevDae count: 16 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/87962045?u=08e10fa516e844934f4b3fc7c38b33c61697e4a1&v=4 @@ -416,6 +428,10 @@ top_reviewers: count: 15 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/63476957?u=6c86e59b48e0394d4db230f37fc9ad4d7e2c27c7&v=4 url: https://github.com/delhi09 +- login: odiseo0 + count: 14 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/87550035?u=16f9255804161c6ff3c8b7ef69848f0126bcd405&v=4 + url: https://github.com/odiseo0 - login: sh0nk count: 13 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6478810?u=af15d724875cec682ed8088a86d36b2798f981c0&v=4 @@ -424,6 +440,10 @@ top_reviewers: count: 12 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31848542?u=efb5b45b55584450507834f279ce48d4d64dea2f&v=4 url: https://github.com/RunningIkkyu +- login: LorhanSohaky + count: 11 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16273730?u=095b66f243a2cd6a0aadba9a095009f8aaf18393&v=4 + url: https://github.com/LorhanSohaky - login: solomein-sv count: 11 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46193920?u=46acfb4aeefb1d7b9fdc5a8cbd9eb8744683c47a&v=4 @@ -440,13 +460,13 @@ top_reviewers: count: 10 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7887703?v=4 url: https://github.com/maoyibo -- login: odiseo0 +- login: ComicShrimp count: 10 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/87550035?u=ab724eae71c3fe1cf81e8dc76e73415da926ef7d&v=4 - url: https://github.com/odiseo0 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43503750?u=f440bc9062afb3c43b9b9c6cdfdcfe31d58699ef&v=4 + url: https://github.com/ComicShrimp - login: graingert count: 9 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/413772?v=4 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/413772?u=64b77b6aa405c68a9c6bcf45f84257c66eea5f32&v=4 url: https://github.com/graingert - login: PandaHun count: 9 @@ -460,6 +480,10 @@ top_reviewers: count: 9 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/69092910?u=4ac58eab99bd37d663f3d23551df96d4fbdbf760&v=4 url: https://github.com/bezaca +- login: izaguerreiro + count: 8 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2241504?v=4 + url: https://github.com/izaguerreiro - login: raphaelauv count: 8 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10202690?u=e6f86f5c0c3026a15d6b51792fa3e532b12f1371&v=4 @@ -472,10 +496,6 @@ top_reviewers: count: 8 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5690226?v=4 url: https://github.com/rogerbrinkmann -- login: ComicShrimp - count: 8 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43503750?u=b3e4d9a14d9a65d429ce62c566aef73178b7111d&v=4 - url: https://github.com/ComicShrimp - login: NinaHwang count: 8 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/79563565?u=1741703bd6c8f491503354b363a86e879b4c1cab&v=4 @@ -488,6 +508,10 @@ top_reviewers: count: 7 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22691749?u=4795b880e13ca33a73e52fc0ef7dc9c60c8fce47&v=4 url: https://github.com/Serrones +- login: jovicon + count: 7 + avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/21287303?u=b049eac3e51a4c0473c2efe66b4d28a7d8f2b572&v=4 + url: https://github.com/jovicon - login: ryuckel count: 7 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/36391432?u=094eec0cfddd5013f76f31e55e56147d78b19553&v=4 @@ -496,19 +520,3 @@ top_reviewers: count: 7 avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/8245071?u=b3afd005f9e4bf080c219ef61a592b3a8004b764&v=4 url: https://github.com/NastasiaSaby -- login: Mause - count: 7 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1405026?v=4 - url: https://github.com/Mause -- login: wakabame - count: 7 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35513518?v=4 - url: https://github.com/wakabame -- login: AlexandreBiguet - count: 7 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1483079?u=ff926455cd4cab03c6c49441aa5dc2b21df3e266&v=4 - url: https://github.com/AlexandreBiguet -- login: krocdort - count: 7 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34248814?v=4 - url: https://github.com/krocdort diff --git a/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml b/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml index 7aa50b111..749f528c5 100644 --- a/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml +++ b/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ gold: - - url: https://bit.ly/3PjOZqc - title: "DiscoArt: Create compelling Disco Diffusion artworks in just one line" - img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina-ai.png + - url: https://bit.ly/3dmXC5S + title: The data structure for unstructured multimodal data + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/docarray.svg + - url: https://bit.ly/3JJ7y5C + title: Build cross-modal and multimodal applications on the cloud + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina2.svg - url: https://cryptapi.io/ title: "CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway." img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg - - url: https://app.imgwhale.xyz/ - title: The ultimate solution to unlimited and forever cloud storage. - img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/imgwhale.svg - url: https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python title: Help us migrate doist to FastAPI img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/doist.svg diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md index 5d136da41..dca5f6a98 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Each of those response `dict`s can have a key `model`, containing a Pydantic mod For example, to declare another response with a status code `404` and a Pydantic model `Message`, you can write: -```Python hl_lines="18 23" +```Python hl_lines="18 22" {!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py!} ``` diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md index d5116233f..e34f48f17 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md @@ -26,13 +26,23 @@ The important difference for us is that with HTTPX we are not limited to synchro ## Example -For a simple example, let's consider the following `main.py` module: +For a simple example, let's consider a file structure similar to the one described in [Bigger Applications](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and [Testing](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank}: + +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│   ├── main.py +│   └── test_main.py +``` + +The file `main.py` would have: ```Python {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/main.py!} ``` -The `test_main.py` module that contains the tests for `main.py` could look like this now: +The file `test_main.py` would have the tests for `main.py`, it could look like this now: ```Python {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/test_main.py!} diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md index 546adad2a..ce2619e8d 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md @@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ For example, if you are squeezing performance, you can install and use `orjson`, but with some custom settings not used in the included `ORJSONResponse` class. + +Let's say you want it to return indented and formatted JSON, so you want to use the orjson option `orjson.OPT_INDENT_2`. + +You could create a `CustomORJSONResponse`. The main thing you have to do is create a `Response.render(content)` method that returns the content as `bytes`: + +```Python hl_lines="9-14 17" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py!} +``` + +Now instead of returning: + +```json +{"message": "Hello World"} +``` + +...this response will return: + +```json +{ + "message": "Hello World" +} +``` + +Of course, you will probably find much better ways to take advantage of this than formatting JSON. 😉 + ## Default response class When creating a **FastAPI** class instance or an `APIRouter` you can specify which response class to use by default. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md index 80a063bb8..72daca06a 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ But FastAPI also supports using internal support for `dataclasses`. +This is still supported thanks to **Pydantic**, as it has internal support for `dataclasses`. So, even with the code above that doesn't use Pydantic explicitly, FastAPI is using Pydantic to convert those standard dataclasses to Pydantic's own flavor of dataclasses. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md index 138c90dd7..656ddbb3f 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ It will have a *path operation* that will receive an `Invoice` body, and a query This part is pretty normal, most of the code is probably already familiar to you: -```Python hl_lines="10-14 37-54" +```Python hl_lines="9-13 36-53" {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} ``` @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ So we are going to use that same knowledge to document how the *external API* sh First create a new `APIRouter` that will contain one or more callbacks. -```Python hl_lines="5 26" +```Python hl_lines="3 25" {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} ``` @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ It should look just like a normal FastAPI *path operation*: * It should probably have a declaration of the body it should receive, e.g. `body: InvoiceEvent`. * And it could also have a declaration of the response it should return, e.g. `response_model=InvoiceEventReceived`. -```Python hl_lines="17-19 22-23 29-33" +```Python hl_lines="16-18 21-22 28-32" {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} ``` @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ At this point you have the *callback path operation(s)* needed (the one(s) that Now use the parameter `callbacks` in *your API's path operation decorator* to pass the attribute `.routes` (that's actually just a `list` of routes/*path operations*) from that callback router: -```Python hl_lines="36" +```Python hl_lines="35" {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} ``` diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md index 6c589cd9a..90c516808 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md @@ -34,13 +34,19 @@ Here's a more complete example. Use a dependency to check if the username and password are correct. -For this, use the Python standard module `secrets` to check the username and password: +For this, use the Python standard module `secrets` to check the username and password. -```Python hl_lines="1 11-13" +`secrets.compare_digest()` needs to take `bytes` or a `str` that only contains ASCII characters (the ones in English), this means it wouldn't work with characters like `á`, as in `Sebastián`. + +To handle that, we first convert the `username` and `password` to `bytes` encoding them with UTF-8. + +Then we can use `secrets.compare_digest()` to ensure that `credentials.username` is `"stanleyjobson"`, and that `credentials.password` is `"swordfish"`. + +```Python hl_lines="1 11-21" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!} ``` -This will ensure that `credentials.username` is `"stanleyjobson"`, and that `credentials.password` is `"swordfish"`. This would be similar to: +This would be similar to: ```Python if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"): @@ -102,6 +108,6 @@ That way, using `secrets.compare_digest()` in your application code, it will be After detecting that the credentials are incorrect, return an `HTTPException` with a status code 401 (the same returned when no credentials are provided) and add the header `WWW-Authenticate` to make the browser show the login prompt again: -```Python hl_lines="15-19" +```Python hl_lines="23-27" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!} ``` diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md index 878ad37dd..0e9bc5b06 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md @@ -2,6 +2,20 @@ You can use WebSockets with **FastAPI**. +## Install `WebSockets` + +First you need to install `WebSockets`: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install websockets + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ ## WebSockets client ### In production diff --git a/docs/en/docs/alternatives.md b/docs/en/docs/alternatives.md index 68aa3150d..bcd406bf9 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/alternatives.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/alternatives.md @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ That's why when talking about version 2.0 it's common to say "Swagger", and for There are several Flask REST frameworks, but after investing the time and work into investigating them, I found that many are discontinued or abandoned, with several standing issues that made them unfit. -### Marshmallow +### Marshmallow One of the main features needed by API systems is data "serialization" which is taking data from the code (Python) and converting it into something that can be sent through the network. For example, converting an object containing data from a database into a JSON object. Converting `datetime` objects into strings, etc. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/async.md b/docs/en/docs/async.md index 71f2e7502..6f34a9c9c 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/async.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/async.md @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ async def read_results(): --- -If you are using a third party library that communicates with something (a database, an API, the file system, etc) and doesn't have support for using `await`, (this is currently the case for most database libraries), then declare your *path operation functions* as normally, with just `def`, like: +If you are using a third party library that communicates with something (a database, an API, the file system, etc.) and doesn't have support for using `await`, (this is currently the case for most database libraries), then declare your *path operation functions* as normally, with just `def`, like: ```Python hl_lines="2" @app.get('/') @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ If you just don't know, use normal `def`. --- -**Note**: you can mix `def` and `async def` in your *path operation functions* as much as you need and define each one using the best option for you. FastAPI will do the right thing with them. +**Note**: You can mix `def` and `async def` in your *path operation functions* as much as you need and define each one using the best option for you. FastAPI will do the right thing with them. Anyway, in any of the cases above, FastAPI will still work asynchronously and be extremely fast. @@ -102,87 +102,117 @@ To see the difference, imagine the following story about burgers: ### Concurrent Burgers - +You go with your crush to get fast food, you stand in line while the cashier takes the orders from the people in front of you. 😍 -You go with your crush 😍 to get fast food 🍔, you stand in line while the cashier 💁 takes the orders from the people in front of you. + -Then it's your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers 🍔 for your crush 😍 and you. +Then it's your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers for your crush and you. 🍔🍔 -You pay 💸. + + +The cashier says something to the cook in the kitchen so they know they have to prepare your burgers (even though they are currently preparing the ones for the previous clients). + + + +You pay. 💸 + +The cashier gives you the number of your turn. -The cashier 💁 says something to the cook in the kitchen 👨‍🍳 so they know they have to prepare your burgers 🍔 (even though they are currently preparing the ones for the previous clients). + -The cashier 💁 gives you the number of your turn. +While you are waiting, you go with your crush and pick a table, you sit and talk with your crush for a long time (as your burgers are very fancy and take some time to prepare). -While you are waiting, you go with your crush 😍 and pick a table, you sit and talk with your crush 😍 for a long time (as your burgers are very fancy and take some time to prepare ✨🍔✨). +As you are sitting at the table with your crush, while you wait for the burgers, you can spend that time admiring how awesome, cute and smart your crush is ✨😍✨. -As you are sitting at the table with your crush 😍, while you wait for the burgers 🍔, you can spend that time admiring how awesome, cute and smart your crush is ✨😍✨. + -While waiting and talking to your crush 😍, from time to time, you check the number displayed on the counter to see if it's your turn already. +While waiting and talking to your crush, from time to time, you check the number displayed on the counter to see if it's your turn already. -Then at some point, it finally is your turn. You go to the counter, get your burgers 🍔 and come back to the table. +Then at some point, it finally is your turn. You go to the counter, get your burgers and come back to the table. -You and your crush 😍 eat the burgers 🍔 and have a nice time ✨. + + +You and your crush eat the burgers and have a nice time. ✨ + + + +!!! info + Beautiful illustrations by Ketrina Thompson. 🎨 --- Imagine you are the computer / program 🤖 in that story. -While you are at the line, you are just idle 😴, waiting for your turn, not doing anything very "productive". But the line is fast because the cashier 💁 is only taking the orders (not preparing them), so that's fine. +While you are at the line, you are just idle 😴, waiting for your turn, not doing anything very "productive". But the line is fast because the cashier is only taking the orders (not preparing them), so that's fine. -Then, when it's your turn, you do actual "productive" work 🤓, you process the menu, decide what you want, get your crush's 😍 choice, pay 💸, check that you give the correct bill or card, check that you are charged correctly, check that the order has the correct items, etc. +Then, when it's your turn, you do actual "productive" work, you process the menu, decide what you want, get your crush's choice, pay, check that you give the correct bill or card, check that you are charged correctly, check that the order has the correct items, etc. -But then, even though you still don't have your burgers 🍔, your work with the cashier 💁 is "on pause" ⏸, because you have to wait 🕙 for your burgers to be ready. +But then, even though you still don't have your burgers, your work with the cashier is "on pause" ⏸, because you have to wait 🕙 for your burgers to be ready. -But as you go away from the counter and sit at the table with a number for your turn, you can switch 🔀 your attention to your crush 😍, and "work" ⏯ 🤓 on that. Then you are again doing something very "productive" 🤓, as is flirting with your crush 😍. +But as you go away from the counter and sit at the table with a number for your turn, you can switch 🔀 your attention to your crush, and "work" ⏯ 🤓 on that. Then you are again doing something very "productive" as is flirting with your crush 😍. -Then the cashier 💁 says "I'm finished with doing the burgers" 🍔 by putting your number on the counter's display, but you don't jump like crazy immediately when the displayed number changes to your turn number. You know no one will steal your burgers 🍔 because you have the number of your turn, and they have theirs. +Then the cashier 💁 says "I'm finished with doing the burgers" by putting your number on the counter's display, but you don't jump like crazy immediately when the displayed number changes to your turn number. You know no one will steal your burgers because you have the number of your turn, and they have theirs. -So you wait for your crush 😍 to finish the story (finish the current work ⏯ / task being processed 🤓), smile gently and say that you are going for the burgers ⏸. +So you wait for your crush to finish the story (finish the current work ⏯ / task being processed 🤓), smile gently and say that you are going for the burgers ⏸. -Then you go to the counter 🔀, to the initial task that is now finished ⏯, pick the burgers 🍔, say thanks and take them to the table. That finishes that step / task of interaction with the counter ⏹. That in turn, creates a new task, of "eating burgers" 🔀 ⏯, but the previous one of "getting burgers" is finished ⏹. +Then you go to the counter 🔀, to the initial task that is now finished ⏯, pick the burgers, say thanks and take them to the table. That finishes that step / task of interaction with the counter ⏹. That in turn, creates a new task, of "eating burgers" 🔀 ⏯, but the previous one of "getting burgers" is finished ⏹. ### Parallel Burgers Now let's imagine these aren't "Concurrent Burgers", but "Parallel Burgers". -You go with your crush 😍 to get parallel fast food 🍔. +You go with your crush to get parallel fast food. + +You stand in line while several (let's say 8) cashiers that at the same time are cooks take the orders from the people in front of you. -You stand in line while several (let's say 8) cashiers that at the same time are cooks 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳 take the orders from the people in front of you. +Everyone before you is waiting for their burgers to be ready before leaving the counter because each of the 8 cashiers goes and prepares the burger right away before getting the next order. -Everyone before you is waiting 🕙 for their burgers 🍔 to be ready before leaving the counter because each of the 8 cashiers goes and prepares the burger right away before getting the next order. + -Then it's finally your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers 🍔 for your crush 😍 and you. +Then it's finally your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers for your crush and you. You pay 💸. -The cashier goes to the kitchen 👨‍🍳. + -You wait, standing in front of the counter 🕙, so that no one else takes your burgers 🍔 before you do, as there are no numbers for turns. +The cashier goes to the kitchen. -As you and your crush 😍 are busy not letting anyone get in front of you and take your burgers whenever they arrive 🕙, you cannot pay attention to your crush 😞. +You wait, standing in front of the counter 🕙, so that no one else takes your burgers before you do, as there are no numbers for turns. -This is "synchronous" work, you are "synchronized" with the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳. You have to wait 🕙 and be there at the exact moment that the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finishes the burgers 🍔 and gives them to you, or otherwise, someone else might take them. + -Then your cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finally comes back with your burgers 🍔, after a long time waiting 🕙 there in front of the counter. +As you and your crush are busy not letting anyone get in front of you and take your burgers whenever they arrive, you cannot pay attention to your crush. 😞 -You take your burgers 🍔 and go to the table with your crush 😍. +This is "synchronous" work, you are "synchronized" with the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳. You have to wait 🕙 and be there at the exact moment that the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finishes the burgers and gives them to you, or otherwise, someone else might take them. -You just eat them, and you are done 🍔 ⏹. + -There was not much talk or flirting as most of the time was spent waiting 🕙 in front of the counter 😞. +Then your cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finally comes back with your burgers, after a long time waiting 🕙 there in front of the counter. + + + +You take your burgers and go to the table with your crush. + +You just eat them, and you are done. ⏹ + + + +There was not much talk or flirting as most of the time was spent waiting 🕙 in front of the counter. 😞 + +!!! info + Beautiful illustrations by Ketrina Thompson. 🎨 --- -In this scenario of the parallel burgers, you are a computer / program 🤖 with two processors (you and your crush 😍), both waiting 🕙 and dedicating their attention ⏯ to be "waiting on the counter" 🕙 for a long time. +In this scenario of the parallel burgers, you are a computer / program 🤖 with two processors (you and your crush), both waiting 🕙 and dedicating their attention ⏯ to be "waiting on the counter" 🕙 for a long time. -The fast food store has 8 processors (cashiers/cooks) 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳. While the concurrent burgers store might have had only 2 (one cashier and one cook) 💁 👨‍🍳. +The fast food store has 8 processors (cashiers/cooks). While the concurrent burgers store might have had only 2 (one cashier and one cook). -But still, the final experience is not the best 😞. +But still, the final experience is not the best. 😞 --- -This would be the parallel equivalent story for burgers 🍔. +This would be the parallel equivalent story for burgers. 🍔 For a more "real life" example of this, imagine a bank. @@ -208,11 +238,7 @@ This "waiting" 🕙 is measured in microseconds, but still, summing it all, it's That's why it makes a lot of sense to use asynchronous ⏸🔀⏯ code for web APIs. -Most of the existing popular Python frameworks (including Flask and Django) were created before the new asynchronous features in Python existed. So, the ways they can be deployed support parallel execution and an older form of asynchronous execution that is not as powerful as the new capabilities. - -Even though the main specification for asynchronous web Python (ASGI) was developed at Django, to add support for WebSockets. - -That kind of asynchronicity is what made NodeJS popular (even though NodeJS is not parallel) and that's the strength of Go as a programming language. +This kind of asynchronicity is what made NodeJS popular (even though NodeJS is not parallel) and that's the strength of Go as a programming language. And that's the same level of performance you get with **FastAPI**. @@ -238,7 +264,7 @@ You could have turns as in the burgers example, first the living room, then the It would take the same amount of time to finish with or without turns (concurrency) and you would have done the same amount of work. -But in this case, if you could bring the 8 ex-cashier/cooks/now-cleaners 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳, and each one of them (plus you) could take a zone of the house to clean it, you could do all the work in **parallel**, with the extra help, and finish much sooner. +But in this case, if you could bring the 8 ex-cashier/cooks/now-cleaners, and each one of them (plus you) could take a zone of the house to clean it, you could do all the work in **parallel**, with the extra help, and finish much sooner. In this scenario, each one of the cleaners (including you) would be a processor, doing their part of the job. @@ -371,23 +397,23 @@ All that is what powers FastAPI (through Starlette) and what makes it have such These are very technical details of how **FastAPI** works underneath. - If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead. + If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc.) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead. ### Path operation functions When you declare a *path operation function* with normal `def` instead of `async def`, it is run in an external threadpool that is then awaited, instead of being called directly (as it would block the server). -If you are coming from another async framework that does not work in the way described above and you are used to define trivial compute-only *path operation functions* with plain `def` for a tiny performance gain (about 100 nanoseconds), please note that in **FastAPI** the effect would be quite opposite. In these cases, it's better to use `async def` unless your *path operation functions* use code that performs blocking I/O. +If you are coming from another async framework that does not work in the way described above and you are used to defining trivial compute-only *path operation functions* with plain `def` for a tiny performance gain (about 100 nanoseconds), please note that in **FastAPI** the effect would be quite opposite. In these cases, it's better to use `async def` unless your *path operation functions* use code that performs blocking I/O. Still, in both situations, chances are that **FastAPI** will [still be faster](/#performance){.internal-link target=_blank} than (or at least comparable to) your previous framework. ### Dependencies -The same applies for dependencies. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool. +The same applies for [dependencies](/tutorial/dependencies/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool. ### Sub-dependencies -You can have multiple dependencies and sub-dependencies requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread (from the threadpool) instead of being "awaited". +You can have multiple dependencies and [sub-dependencies](/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank} requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread (from the threadpool) instead of being "awaited". ### Other utility functions diff --git a/docs/en/docs/contributing.md b/docs/en/docs/contributing.md index 648c472fe..58a363220 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/contributing.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/contributing.md @@ -84,58 +84,36 @@ To check it worked, use: If it shows the `pip` binary at `env/bin/pip` then it worked. 🎉 - - -!!! tip - Every time you install a new package with `pip` under that environment, activate the environment again. - - This makes sure that if you use a terminal program installed by that package (like `flit`), you use the one from your local environment and not any other that could be installed globally. - -### Flit - -**FastAPI** uses Flit to build, package and publish the project. - -After activating the environment as described above, install `flit`: +Make sure you have the latest pip version on your virtual environment to avoid errors on the next steps:
```console -$ pip install flit +$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip ---> 100% ```
-Now re-activate the environment to make sure you are using the `flit` you just installed (and not a global one). - -And now use `flit` to install the development dependencies: - -=== "Linux, macOS" - -
- - ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --symlink +!!! tip + Every time you install a new package with `pip` under that environment, activate the environment again. - ---> 100% - ``` + This makes sure that if you use a terminal program installed by that package, you use the one from your local environment and not any other that could be installed globally. -
+### pip -=== "Windows" +After activating the environment as described above: - If you are on Windows, use `--pth-file` instead of `--symlink`: - -
+
- ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --pth-file +```console +$ pip install -e ."[dev,doc,test]" - ---> 100% - ``` +---> 100% +``` -
+
It will install all the dependencies and your local FastAPI in your local environment. @@ -143,7 +121,7 @@ It will install all the dependencies and your local FastAPI in your local enviro If you create a Python file that imports and uses FastAPI, and run it with the Python from your local environment, it will use your local FastAPI source code. -And if you update that local FastAPI source code, as it is installed with `--symlink` (or `--pth-file` on Windows), when you run that Python file again, it will use the fresh version of FastAPI you just edited. +And if you update that local FastAPI source code, as it is installed with `-e`, when you run that Python file again, it will use the fresh version of FastAPI you just edited. That way, you don't have to "install" your local version to be able to test every change. @@ -161,7 +139,7 @@ $ bash scripts/format.sh It will also auto-sort all your imports. -For it to sort them correctly, you need to have FastAPI installed locally in your environment, with the command in the section above using `--symlink` (or `--pth-file` on Windows). +For it to sort them correctly, you need to have FastAPI installed locally in your environment, with the command in the section above using `-e`. ## Docs diff --git a/docs/en/docs/css/custom.css b/docs/en/docs/css/custom.css index 226ca2b11..066b51725 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/css/custom.css +++ b/docs/en/docs/css/custom.css @@ -139,3 +139,8 @@ code { .md-content__inner h1 { direction: ltr !important; } + +.illustration { + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; +} diff --git a/docs/en/docs/features.md b/docs/en/docs/features.md index e4672d532..02bb3ac1f 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/features.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/features.md @@ -195,6 +195,6 @@ With **FastAPI** you get all of **Pydantic**'s features (as FastAPI is based on * Use of hierarchical Pydantic models, Python `typing`’s `List` and `Dict`, etc. * And validators allow complex data schemas to be clearly and easily defined, checked and documented as JSON Schema. * You can have deeply **nested JSON** objects and have them all validated and annotated. -* **Extendible**: +* **Extensible**: * Pydantic allows custom data types to be defined or you can extend validation with methods on a model decorated with the validator decorator. * 100% test coverage. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-01.png b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-01.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0e77d3fc Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-01.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-02.png 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b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/docarray.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/jina-top-banner.svg b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/jina-top-banner.svg new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b62cd619 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/jina-top-banner.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/jina2.svg b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/jina2.svg new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a48677ba --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/jina2.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/index.md b/docs/en/docs/index.md index 17163ba01..1ad9c7606 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/index.md @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ Test - - Coverage + + Coverage Package version @@ -27,12 +27,11 @@ --- -FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. +FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.7+ based on standard Python type hints. The key features are: * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). - * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * * **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. @@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ If you are building a CLI app to be ## Requirements -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.7+ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: @@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. +You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn.
@@ -326,7 +325,7 @@ You do that with standard modern Python types. You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. -Just standard **Python 3.6+**. +Just standard **Python 3.7+**. For example, for an `int`: diff --git a/docs/en/docs/python-types.md b/docs/en/docs/python-types.md index 963fcaf1c..3d22ee620 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/python-types.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/python-types.md @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ The syntax using `typing` is **compatible** with all versions, from Python 3.6 t As Python advances, **newer versions** come with improved support for these type annotations and in many cases you won't even need to import and use the `typing` module to declare the type annotations. -If you can chose a more recent version of Python for your project, you will be able to take advantage of that extra simplicity. See some examples below. +If you can choose a more recent version of Python for your project, you will be able to take advantage of that extra simplicity. See some examples below. #### List @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ You can declare that a variable can be any of **several types**, for example, an In Python 3.6 and above (including Python 3.10) you can use the `Union` type from `typing` and put inside the square brackets the possible types to accept. -In Python 3.10 there's also an **alternative syntax** were you can put the possible types separated by a vertical bar (`|`). +In Python 3.10 there's also an **alternative syntax** where you can put the possible types separated by a vertical bar (`|`). === "Python 3.6 and above" @@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ If you are using a Python version below 3.10, here's a tip from my very **subjec Both are equivalent and underneath they are the same, but I would recommend `Union` instead of `Optional` because the word "**optional**" would seem to imply that the value is optional, and it actually means "it can be `None`", even if it's not optional and is still required. -I think `Union[str, SomeType]` is more explicit about what it means. +I think `Union[SomeType, None]` is more explicit about what it means. It's just about the words and names. But those words can affect how you and your teammates think about the code. @@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ These types that take type parameters in square brackets are called **Generic ty === "Python 3.9 and above" - You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brakets and types inside): + You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brackets and types inside): * `list` * `tuple` @@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ These types that take type parameters in square brackets are called **Generic ty === "Python 3.10 and above" - You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brakets and types inside): + You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brackets and types inside): * `list` * `tuple` diff --git a/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md b/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md index 3bf9c27a0..b005a31e7 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md @@ -2,9 +2,357 @@ ## Latest Changes -* 🔧 Update sponsors, Striveworks badge. PR [#5179](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5179) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Update coverage badge to use Samuel Colvin's Smokeshow. PR [#5585](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5585) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.86.0 + +### Features + +* ⬆ Add Python 3.11 to the officially supported versions. PR [#5587](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5587) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ✅ Enable tests for Python 3.11. PR [#4881](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4881) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Fixes + +* 🐛 Close FormData (uploaded files) after the request is done. PR [#5465](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5465) by [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb). + +### Docs + +* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md`. PR [#5584](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5584) by [@vivekashok1221](https://github.com/vivekashok1221). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Update wording in Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#5416](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5416) by [@supercaizehua](https://github.com/supercaizehua). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/deployment/index.md`. PR [#5336](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5336) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). +* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md`. PR [#3846](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3846) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776). + +### Internal + +* 👷 Update FastAPI People to exclude bots: pre-commit-ci, dependabot. PR [#5586](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5586) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🎨 Format OpenAPI JSON in `test_starlette_exception.py`. PR [#5379](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5379) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen). +* 👷 Switch from Codecov to Smokeshow plus pytest-cov to pure coverage for internal tests. PR [#5583](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5583) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5571](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5571) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions). + +## 0.85.2 + +### Docs + +* ✏ Fix grammar and add helpful links to dependencies in `docs/en/docs/async.md`. PR [#5432](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5432) by [@pamelafox](https://github.com/pamelafox). +* ✏ Fix broken link in `alternatives.md`. PR [#5455](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5455) by [@su-shubham](https://github.com/su-shubham). +* ✏ Fix typo in docs about contributing, for compatibility with `pip` in Zsh. PR [#5523](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5523) by [@zhangbo2012](https://github.com/zhangbo2012). +* 📝 Fix typo in docs with examples for Python 3.10 instead of 3.9. PR [#5545](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5545) by [@feliciss](https://github.com/feliciss). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md`. PR [#4934](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4934) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md`. PR [#4971](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4971) by [@Zssaer](https://github.com/Zssaer). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `deployment/deta.md`. PR [#3692](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3692) by [@rjNemo](https://github.com/rjNemo). +* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md`. PR [#5255](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5255) by [@hjlarry](https://github.com/hjlarry). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md`. PR [#4999](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4999) by [@Zssaer](https://github.com/Zssaer). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/wsgi.md`. PR [#4505](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4505) by [@ASpathfinder](https://github.com/ASpathfinder). +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md`. PR [#4111](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4111) by [@lbmendes](https://github.com/lbmendes). +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md`. PR [#4099](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4099) by [@lbmendes](https://github.com/lbmendes). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `deployment/versions.md`. PR [#3690](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3690) by [@rjNemo](https://github.com/rjNemo). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/help-fastapi.md`. PR [#2233](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2233) by [@JulianMaurin](https://github.com/JulianMaurin). +* 🌐 Fix typo in Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md`. PR [#5530](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5530) by [@yuki1sntSnow](https://github.com/yuki1sntSnow). +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md`. PR [#4922](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4922) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes). +* 🔧 Add config for Tamil translations. PR [#5563](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5563) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Internal + +* ⬆ Bump internal dependency mypy from 0.971 to 0.982. PR [#5541](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5541) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump nwtgck/actions-netlify from 1.2.3 to 1.2.4. PR [#5507](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5507) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump internal dependency types-ujson from 5.4.0 to 5.5.0. PR [#5537](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5537) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.23.0 to 2.24.0. PR [#5508](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5508) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Update internal dependency pytest-cov requirement from <4.0.0,>=2.12.0 to >=2.12.0,<5.0.0. PR [#5539](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5539) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5536](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5536) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci). +* 🐛 Fix internal Trio test warnings. PR [#5547](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5547) by [@samuelcolvin](https://github.com/samuelcolvin). +* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5408](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5408) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci). +* ⬆️ Upgrade Typer to include Rich in scripts for docs. PR [#5502](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5502) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🐛 Fix calling `mkdocs` for languages as a subprocess to fix/enable MkDocs Material search plugin. PR [#5501](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5501) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.85.1 + +### Fixes + +* 🐛 Fix support for strings in OpenAPI status codes: `default`, `1XX`, `2XX`, `3XX`, `4XX`, `5XX`. PR [#5187](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5187) by [@JarroVGIT](https://github.com/JarroVGIT). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Add WayScript x FastAPI Tutorial to External Links section. PR [#5407](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5407) by [@moneeka](https://github.com/moneeka). + +### Internal + +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5447](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5447) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions). +* 🔧 Disable Material for MkDocs search plugin. PR [#5495](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5495) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔇 Ignore Trio warning in tests for CI. PR [#5483](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5483) by [@samuelcolvin](https://github.com/samuelcolvin). + +## 0.85.0 + +### Features + +* ⬆ Upgrade version required of Starlette from `0.19.1` to `0.20.4`. Initial PR [#4820](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4820) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). + * This includes several bug fixes in Starlette. +* ⬆️ Upgrade Uvicorn max version in public extras: all. From `>=0.12.0,<0.18.0` to `>=0.12.0,<0.19.0`. PR [#5401](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5401) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Internal + +* ⬆️ Upgrade dependencies for doc and dev internal extras: Typer, Uvicorn. PR [#5400](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5400) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆️ Upgrade test dependencies: Black, HTTPX, databases, types-ujson. PR [#5399](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5399) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆️ Upgrade mypy and tweak internal type annotations. PR [#5398](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5398) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update test dependencies, upgrade Pytest, move dependencies from dev to test. PR [#5396](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5396) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.84.0 + +### Breaking Changes + +This version of FastAPI drops support for Python 3.6. 🔥 Please upgrade to a supported version of Python (3.7 or above), Python 3.6 reached the end-of-life a long time ago. 😅☠ + +* 🔧 Update package metadata, drop support for Python 3.6, move build internals from Flit to Hatch. PR [#5240](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5240) by [@ofek](https://github.com/ofek). + +## 0.83.0 + +🚨 This is probably the last release (or one of the last releases) to support Python 3.6. 🔥 + +Python 3.6 reached the [end-of-life and is no longer supported by Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3615/) since around a year ago. + +You hopefully updated to a supported version of Python a while ago. If you haven't, you really should. + +### Features + +* ✨ Add support in `jsonable_encoder` for include and exclude with dataclasses. PR [#4923](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4923) by [@DCsunset](https://github.com/DCsunset). + +### Fixes + +* 🐛 Fix `RuntimeError` raised when `HTTPException` has a status code with no content. PR [#5365](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5365) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen). +* 🐛 Fix empty reponse body when default `status_code` is empty but the a `Response` parameter with `response.status_code` is set. PR [#5360](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5360) by [@tmeckel](https://github.com/tmeckel). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Update `SECURITY.md`. PR [#5377](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5377) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). + +### Internal + +* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5352](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5352) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci). + +## 0.82.0 + +🚨 This is probably the last release (or one of the last releases) to support Python 3.6. 🔥 + +Python 3.6 reached the [end-of-life and is no longer supported by Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3615/) since around a year ago. + +You hopefully updated to a supported version of Python a while ago. If you haven't, you really should. + +### Features + +* ✨ Export `WebSocketState` in `fastapi.websockets`. PR [#4376](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4376) by [@matiuszka](https://github.com/matiuszka). +* ✨ Support Python internal description on Pydantic model's docstring. PR [#3032](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3032) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). +* ✨ Update `ORJSONResponse` to support non `str` keys and serializing Numpy arrays. PR [#3892](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3892) by [@baby5](https://github.com/baby5). + +### Fixes + +* 🐛 Allow exit code for dependencies with `yield` to always execute, by removing capacity limiter for them, to e.g. allow closing DB connections without deadlocks. PR [#5122](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5122) by [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb). +* 🐛 Fix FastAPI People GitHub Action: set HTTPX timeout for GraphQL query request. PR [#5222](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5222) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen). +* 🐛 Make sure a parameter defined as required is kept required in OpenAPI even if defined as optional in another dependency. PR [#4319](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4319) by [@cd17822](https://github.com/cd17822). +* 🐛 Fix support for path parameters in WebSockets. PR [#3879](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3879) by [@davidbrochart](https://github.com/davidbrochart). + +### Docs + +* ✏ Update Hypercorn link, now pointing to GitHub. PR [#5346](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5346) by [@baconfield](https://github.com/baconfield). +* ✏ Tweak wording in `docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md`. PR [#3698](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3698) by [@pfackeldey](https://github.com/pfackeldey). +* 📝 Add note about Python 3.10 `X | Y` operator in explanation about Response Models. PR [#5307](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5307) by [@MendyLanda](https://github.com/MendyLanda). +* 📝 Add link to New Relic article: "How to monitor FastAPI application performance using Python agent". PR [#5260](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5260) by [@sjyothi54](https://github.com/sjyothi54). +* 📝 Update docs for `ORJSONResponse` with details about improving performance. PR [#2615](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2615) by [@falkben](https://github.com/falkben). +* 📝 Add docs for creating a custom Response class. PR [#5331](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5331) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Add tip about using alias for form data fields. PR [#5329](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5329) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/features.md`. PR [#5315](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5315) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). +* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md`. PR [#4529](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4529) by [@ASpathfinder](https://github.com/ASpathfinder). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md`. PR [#4969](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4969) by [@Zssaer](https://github.com/Zssaer). +* 🌐 Fix MkDocs file line for Portuguese translation of `background-task.md`. PR [#5242](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5242) by [@ComicShrimp](https://github.com/ComicShrimp). + +### Internal + +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5347](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5347) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions). +* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.22.0 to 2.23.0. PR [#5321](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5321) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5318](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5318) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci). +* ✏ Fix a small code highlight line error. PR [#5256](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5256) by [@hjlarry](https://github.com/hjlarry). +* ♻ Internal small refactor, move `operation_id` parameter position in delete method for consistency with the code. PR [#4474](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4474) by [@hiel](https://github.com/hiel). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, disable ImgWhale. PR [#5338](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5338) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.81.0 + +### Features + +* ✨ Add ReDoc `
- + - +
@@ -40,18 +40,24 @@
-
+
+
+ + + + +
{% endblock %} diff --git a/docs/es/docs/index.md b/docs/es/docs/index.md index ef4850b56..aa3fa2228 100644 --- a/docs/es/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/es/docs/index.md @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Si estás construyendo un app de ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/index.md index 9cbdb2727..e3671f381 100644 --- a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/index.md +++ b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Para el tutorial, es posible que quieras instalarlo con todas las dependencias y
```console -$ pip install fastapi[all] +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all] También debes instalar `uvicorn` para que funcione como tu servidor: ``` - pip install uvicorn[standard] + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ``` Y lo mismo para cada una de las dependencias opcionales que quieras utilizar. diff --git a/docs/es/mkdocs.yml b/docs/es/mkdocs.yml index 511ea0255..d1d6215b6 100644 --- a/docs/es/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/es/mkdocs.yml @@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/fa/mkdocs.yml b/docs/fa/mkdocs.yml index 7d74e0407..7c2fe5eab 100644 --- a/docs/fa/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/fa/mkdocs.yml @@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/async.md b/docs/fr/docs/async.md index 71c28b703..db88c4663 100644 --- a/docs/fr/docs/async.md +++ b/docs/fr/docs/async.md @@ -205,10 +205,6 @@ Cette "attente" 🕙 se mesure en microsecondes, mais tout de même, en cumulé C'est pourquoi il est logique d'utiliser du code asynchrone ⏸🔀⏯ pour des APIs web. -La plupart des frameworks Python existants (y compris Flask et Django) ont été créés avant que les nouvelles fonctionnalités asynchrones de Python n'existent. Donc, les façons dont ils peuvent être déployés supportent l'exécution parallèle et une ancienne forme d'exécution asynchrone qui n'est pas aussi puissante que les nouvelles fonctionnalités de Python. - -Et cela, bien que les spécifications principales du web asynchrone en Python (ou ASGI) ont été développées chez Django, pour ajouter le support des WebSockets. - Ce type d'asynchronicité est ce qui a rendu NodeJS populaire (bien que NodeJS ne soit pas parallèle) et c'est la force du Go en tant que langage de programmation. Et c'est le même niveau de performance que celui obtenu avec **FastAPI**. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/deployment/deta.md b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/deta.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cceb7b058 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/deta.md @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +# Déployer FastAPI sur Deta + +Dans cette section, vous apprendrez à déployer facilement une application **FastAPI** sur Deta en utilisant le plan tarifaire gratuit. 🎁 + +Cela vous prendra environ **10 minutes**. + +!!! info + Deta sponsorise **FastAPI**. 🎉 + +## Une application **FastAPI** de base + +* Créez un répertoire pour votre application, par exemple `./fastapideta/` et déplacez-vous dedans. + +### Le code FastAPI + +* Créer un fichier `main.py` avec : + +```Python +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int): + return {"item_id": item_id} +``` + +### Dépendances + +Maintenant, dans le même répertoire, créez un fichier `requirements.txt` avec : + +```text +fastapi +``` + +!!! tip "Astuce" + Il n'est pas nécessaire d'installer Uvicorn pour déployer sur Deta, bien qu'il soit probablement souhaitable de l'installer localement pour tester votre application. + +### Structure du répertoire + +Vous aurez maintenant un répertoire `./fastapideta/` avec deux fichiers : + +``` +. +└── main.py +└── requirements.txt +``` + +## Créer un compte gratuit sur Deta + +Créez maintenant un compte gratuit +sur Deta, vous avez juste besoin d'une adresse email et d'un mot de passe. + +Vous n'avez même pas besoin d'une carte de crédit. + +## Installer le CLI (Interface en Ligne de Commande) + +Une fois que vous avez votre compte, installez le CLI de Deta : + +=== "Linux, macOS" + +
+ + ```console + $ curl -fsSL https://get.deta.dev/cli.sh | sh + ``` + +
+ +=== "Windows PowerShell" + +
+ + ```console + $ iwr https://get.deta.dev/cli.ps1 -useb | iex + ``` + +
+ +Après l'avoir installé, ouvrez un nouveau terminal afin que la nouvelle installation soit détectée. + +Dans un nouveau terminal, confirmez qu'il a été correctement installé avec : + +
+ +```console +$ deta --help + +Deta command line interface for managing deta micros. +Complete documentation available at https://docs.deta.sh + +Usage: + deta [flags] + deta [command] + +Available Commands: + auth Change auth settings for a deta micro + +... +``` + +
+ +!!! tip "Astuce" + Si vous rencontrez des problèmes pour installer le CLI, consultez la documentation officielle de Deta (en anglais). + +## Connexion avec le CLI + +Maintenant, connectez-vous à Deta depuis le CLI avec : + +
+ +```console +$ deta login + +Please, log in from the web page. Waiting.. +Logged in successfully. +``` + +
+ +Cela ouvrira un navigateur web et permettra une authentification automatique. + +## Déployer avec Deta + +Ensuite, déployez votre application avec le CLI de Deta : + +
+ +```console +$ deta new + +Successfully created a new micro + +// Notice the "endpoint" 🔍 + +{ + "name": "fastapideta", + "runtime": "python3.7", + "endpoint": "https://qltnci.deta.dev", + "visor": "enabled", + "http_auth": "enabled" +} + +Adding dependencies... + + +---> 100% + + +Successfully installed fastapi-0.61.1 pydantic-1.7.2 starlette-0.13.6 +``` + +
+ +Vous verrez un message JSON similaire à : + +```JSON hl_lines="4" +{ + "name": "fastapideta", + "runtime": "python3.7", + "endpoint": "https://qltnci.deta.dev", + "visor": "enabled", + "http_auth": "enabled" +} +``` + +!!! tip "Astuce" + Votre déploiement aura une URL `"endpoint"` différente. + +## Vérifiez + +Maintenant, dans votre navigateur ouvrez votre URL `endpoint`. Dans l'exemple ci-dessus, c'était +`https://qltnci.deta.dev`, mais la vôtre sera différente. + +Vous verrez la réponse JSON de votre application FastAPI : + +```JSON +{ + "Hello": "World" +} +``` + +Et maintenant naviguez vers `/docs` dans votre API, dans l'exemple ci-dessus ce serait `https://qltnci.deta.dev/docs`. + +Vous verrez votre documentation comme suit : + + + +## Activer l'accès public + +Par défaut, Deta va gérer l'authentification en utilisant des cookies pour votre compte. + +Mais une fois que vous êtes prêt, vous pouvez le rendre public avec : + +
+ +```console +$ deta auth disable + +Successfully disabled http auth +``` + +
+ +Maintenant, vous pouvez partager cette URL avec n'importe qui et ils seront en mesure d'accéder à votre API. 🚀 + +## HTTPS + +Félicitations ! Vous avez déployé votre application FastAPI sur Deta ! 🎉 🍰 + +Remarquez également que Deta gère correctement HTTPS pour vous, vous n'avez donc pas à vous en occuper et pouvez être sûr que vos clients auront une connexion cryptée sécurisée. ✅ 🔒 + +## Vérifiez le Visor + +À partir de l'interface graphique de votre documentation (dans une URL telle que `https://qltnci.deta.dev/docs`) +envoyez une requête à votre *opération de chemin* `/items/{item_id}`. + +Par exemple avec l'ID `5`. + +Allez maintenant sur https://web.deta.sh. + +Vous verrez qu'il y a une section à gauche appelée "Micros" avec chacune de vos applications. + +Vous verrez un onglet avec "Details", et aussi un onglet "Visor", allez à l'onglet "Visor". + +Vous pouvez y consulter les requêtes récentes envoyées à votre application. + +Vous pouvez également les modifier et les relancer. + + + +## En savoir plus + +À un moment donné, vous voudrez probablement stocker certaines données pour votre application d'une manière qui +persiste dans le temps. Pour cela, vous pouvez utiliser Deta Base, il dispose également d'un généreux **plan gratuit**. + +Vous pouvez également en lire plus dans la documentation Deta. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/deployment/https.md b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/https.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ccf1f847a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/https.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +# À propos de HTTPS + +Il est facile de penser que HTTPS peut simplement être "activé" ou non. + +Mais c'est beaucoup plus complexe que cela. + +!!! tip + Si vous êtes pressé ou si cela ne vous intéresse pas, passez aux sections suivantes pour obtenir des instructions étape par étape afin de tout configurer avec différentes techniques. + +Pour apprendre les bases du HTTPS, du point de vue d'un utilisateur, consultez https://howhttps.works/. + +Maintenant, du point de vue d'un développeur, voici plusieurs choses à avoir en tête en pensant au HTTPS : + +* Pour le HTTPS, le serveur a besoin de "certificats" générés par une tierce partie. + * Ces certificats sont en fait acquis auprès de la tierce partie, et non "générés". +* Les certificats ont une durée de vie. + * Ils expirent. + * Puis ils doivent être renouvelés et acquis à nouveau auprès de la tierce partie. +* Le cryptage de la connexion se fait au niveau du protocole TCP. + * C'est une couche en dessous de HTTP. + * Donc, le certificat et le traitement du cryptage sont faits avant HTTP. +* TCP ne connaît pas les "domaines", seulement les adresses IP. + * L'information sur le domaine spécifique demandé se trouve dans les données HTTP. +* Les certificats HTTPS "certifient" un certain domaine, mais le protocole et le cryptage se font au niveau TCP, avant de savoir quel domaine est traité. +* Par défaut, cela signifie que vous ne pouvez avoir qu'un seul certificat HTTPS par adresse IP. + * Quelle que soit la taille de votre serveur ou la taille de chacune des applications qu'il contient. + * Il existe cependant une solution à ce problème. +* Il existe une extension du protocole TLS (celui qui gère le cryptage au niveau TCP, avant HTTP) appelée SNI (indication du nom du serveur). + * Cette extension SNI permet à un seul serveur (avec une seule adresse IP) d'avoir plusieurs certificats HTTPS et de servir plusieurs domaines/applications HTTPS. + * Pour que cela fonctionne, un seul composant (programme) fonctionnant sur le serveur, écoutant sur l'adresse IP publique, doit avoir tous les certificats HTTPS du serveur. +* Après avoir obtenu une connexion sécurisée, le protocole de communication est toujours HTTP. + * Le contenu est crypté, même s'il est envoyé avec le protocole HTTP. + +Il est courant d'avoir un seul programme/serveur HTTP fonctionnant sur le serveur (la machine, l'hôte, etc.) et +gérant toutes les parties HTTPS : envoyer les requêtes HTTP décryptées à l'application HTTP réelle fonctionnant sur +le même serveur (dans ce cas, l'application **FastAPI**), prendre la réponse HTTP de l'application, la crypter en utilisant le certificat approprié et la renvoyer au client en utilisant HTTPS. Ce serveur est souvent appelé un Proxy de terminaison TLS. + +## Let's Encrypt + +Avant Let's Encrypt, ces certificats HTTPS étaient vendus par des tiers de confiance. + +Le processus d'acquisition d'un de ces certificats était auparavant lourd, nécessitait pas mal de paperasses et les certificats étaient assez chers. + +Mais ensuite, Let's Encrypt a été créé. + +Il s'agit d'un projet de la Fondation Linux. Il fournit des certificats HTTPS gratuitement. De manière automatisée. Ces certificats utilisent toutes les sécurités cryptographiques standard et ont une durée de vie courte (environ 3 mois), de sorte que la sécurité est en fait meilleure en raison de leur durée de vie réduite. + +Les domaines sont vérifiés de manière sécurisée et les certificats sont générés automatiquement. Cela permet également d'automatiser le renouvellement de ces certificats. + +L'idée est d'automatiser l'acquisition et le renouvellement de ces certificats, afin que vous puissiez disposer d'un HTTPS sécurisé, gratuitement et pour toujours. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/deployment/index.md b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e855adfa3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Déploiement - Intro + +Le déploiement d'une application **FastAPI** est relativement simple. + +## Que signifie le déploiement + +**Déployer** une application signifie effectuer les étapes nécessaires pour la rendre **disponible pour les +utilisateurs**. + +Pour une **API Web**, cela implique normalement de la placer sur une **machine distante**, avec un **programme serveur** +qui offre de bonnes performances, une bonne stabilité, _etc._, afin que vos **utilisateurs** puissent **accéder** à +l'application efficacement et sans interruption ni problème. + +Ceci contraste avec les étapes de **développement**, où vous êtes constamment en train de modifier le code, de le casser +et de le réparer, d'arrêter et de redémarrer le serveur de développement, _etc._ + +## Stratégies de déploiement + +Il existe plusieurs façons de procéder, en fonction de votre cas d'utilisation spécifique et des outils que vous +utilisez. + +Vous pouvez **déployer un serveur** vous-même en utilisant une combinaison d'outils, vous pouvez utiliser un **service +cloud** qui fait une partie du travail pour vous, ou encore d'autres options possibles. + +Je vais vous montrer certains des principaux concepts que vous devriez probablement avoir à l'esprit lors du déploiement +d'une application **FastAPI** (bien que la plupart de ces concepts s'appliquent à tout autre type d'application web). + +Vous verrez plus de détails à avoir en tête et certaines des techniques pour le faire dans les sections suivantes. ✨ diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/deployment/versions.md b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/versions.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..136165e9d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/versions.md @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +# À propos des versions de FastAPI + +**FastAPI** est déjà utilisé en production dans de nombreuses applications et systèmes. Et la couverture de test est maintenue à 100 %. Mais son développement est toujours aussi rapide. + +De nouvelles fonctionnalités sont ajoutées fréquemment, des bogues sont corrigés régulièrement et le code est +amélioré continuellement. + +C'est pourquoi les versions actuelles sont toujours `0.x.x`, cela reflète que chaque version peut potentiellement +recevoir des changements non rétrocompatibles. Cela suit les conventions de versionnage sémantique. + +Vous pouvez créer des applications de production avec **FastAPI** dès maintenant (et vous le faites probablement depuis un certain temps), vous devez juste vous assurer que vous utilisez une version qui fonctionne correctement avec le reste de votre code. + +## Épinglez votre version de `fastapi` + +Tout d'abord il faut "épingler" la version de **FastAPI** que vous utilisez à la dernière version dont vous savez +qu'elle fonctionne correctement pour votre application. + +Par exemple, disons que vous utilisez la version `0.45.0` dans votre application. + +Si vous utilisez un fichier `requirements.txt`, vous pouvez spécifier la version avec : + +```txt +fastapi==0.45.0 +``` + +ce qui signifierait que vous utiliseriez exactement la version `0.45.0`. + +Ou vous pourriez aussi l'épingler avec : + +```txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +``` + +cela signifierait que vous utiliseriez les versions `0.45.0` ou supérieures, mais inférieures à `0.46.0`, par exemple, une version `0.45.2` serait toujours acceptée. + +Si vous utilisez un autre outil pour gérer vos installations, comme Poetry, Pipenv, ou autres, ils ont tous un moyen que vous pouvez utiliser pour définir des versions spécifiques pour vos paquets. + +## Versions disponibles + +Vous pouvez consulter les versions disponibles (par exemple, pour vérifier quelle est la dernière version en date) dans les [Notes de version](../release-notes.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## À propos des versions + +Suivant les conventions de versionnage sémantique, toute version inférieure à `1.0.0` peut potentiellement ajouter +des changements non rétrocompatibles. + +FastAPI suit également la convention que tout changement de version "PATCH" est pour des corrections de bogues et +des changements rétrocompatibles. + +!!! tip "Astuce" + Le "PATCH" est le dernier chiffre, par exemple, dans `0.2.3`, la version PATCH est `3`. + +Donc, vous devriez être capable d'épingler une version comme suit : + +```txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +``` + +Les changements non rétrocompatibles et les nouvelles fonctionnalités sont ajoutés dans les versions "MINOR". + +!!! tip "Astuce" + Le "MINOR" est le numéro au milieu, par exemple, dans `0.2.3`, la version MINOR est `2`. + +## Mise à jour des versions FastAPI + +Vous devriez tester votre application. + +Avec **FastAPI** c'est très facile (merci à Starlette), consultez la documentation : [Testing](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} + +Après avoir effectué des tests, vous pouvez mettre à jour la version **FastAPI** vers une version plus récente, et vous assurer que tout votre code fonctionne correctement en exécutant vos tests. + +Si tout fonctionne, ou après avoir fait les changements nécessaires, et que tous vos tests passent, vous pouvez +épingler votre version de `fastapi` à cette nouvelle version récente. + +## À propos de Starlette + +Vous ne devriez pas épingler la version de `starlette`. + +Différentes versions de **FastAPI** utiliseront une version spécifique plus récente de Starlette. + +Ainsi, vous pouvez simplement laisser **FastAPI** utiliser la bonne version de Starlette. + +## À propos de Pydantic + +Pydantic inclut des tests pour **FastAPI** avec ses propres tests, ainsi les nouvelles versions de Pydantic (au-dessus +de `1.0.0`) sont toujours compatibles avec **FastAPI**. + +Vous pouvez épingler Pydantic à toute version supérieure à `1.0.0` qui fonctionne pour vous et inférieure à `2.0.0`. + +Par exemple : + +```txt +pydantic>=1.2.0,<2.0.0 +``` diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/help-fastapi.md b/docs/fr/docs/help-fastapi.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0995721e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/help-fastapi.md @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +# Help FastAPI - Obtenir de l'aide + +Aimez-vous **FastAPI** ? + +Vous souhaitez aider FastAPI, les autres utilisateurs et l'auteur ? + +Ou souhaitez-vous obtenir de l'aide avec le **FastAPI** ? + +Il existe des moyens très simples d'aider (plusieurs ne nécessitent qu'un ou deux clics). + +Il existe également plusieurs façons d'obtenir de l'aide. + +## Star **FastAPI** sur GitHub + +Vous pouvez "star" FastAPI dans GitHub (en cliquant sur le bouton étoile en haut à droite) : https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. ⭐️ + +En ajoutant une étoile, les autres utilisateurs pourront la trouver plus facilement et constater qu'elle a déjà été utile à d'autres. + +## Watch le dépôt GitHub pour les releases + +Vous pouvez "watch" FastAPI dans GitHub (en cliquant sur le bouton "watch" en haut à droite) : https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👀 + +Vous pouvez y sélectionner "Releases only". + +Ainsi, vous recevrez des notifications (dans votre courrier électronique) chaque fois qu'il y aura une nouvelle version de **FastAPI** avec des corrections de bugs et de nouvelles fonctionnalités. + +## Se rapprocher de l'auteur + +Vous pouvez vous rapprocher de moi (Sebastián Ramírez / `tiangolo`), l'auteur. + +Vous pouvez : + +* Me suivre sur **GitHub**. + * Voir d'autres projets Open Source que j'ai créés et qui pourraient vous aider. + * Suivez-moi pour voir quand je crée un nouveau projet Open Source. +* Me suivre sur **Twitter**. + * Dites-moi comment vous utilisez FastAPI (j'adore entendre ça). + * Entendre quand je fais des annonces ou que je lance de nouveaux outils. +* Vous connectez à moi sur **Linkedin**. + * Etre notifié quand je fais des annonces ou que je lance de nouveaux outils (bien que j'utilise plus souvent Twitte 🤷‍♂). +* Lire ce que j’écris (ou me suivre) sur **Dev.to** ou **Medium**. + * Lire d'autres idées, articles, et sur les outils que j'ai créés. + * Suivez-moi pour lire quand je publie quelque chose de nouveau. + +## Tweeter sur **FastAPI** + +Tweetez à propos de **FastAPI** et faites-moi savoir, ainsi qu'aux autres, pourquoi vous aimez ça. 🎉 + +J'aime entendre parler de l'utilisation du **FastAPI**, de ce que vous avez aimé dedans, dans quel projet/entreprise l'utilisez-vous, etc. + +## Voter pour FastAPI + +* Votez pour **FastAPI** sur Slant. +* Votez pour **FastAPI** sur AlternativeTo. +* Votez pour **FastAPI** sur awesome-rest. + +## Aider les autres à résoudre les problèmes dans GitHub + +Vous pouvez voir les problèmes existants et essayer d'aider les autres, la plupart du temps il s'agit de questions dont vous connaissez peut-être déjà la réponse. 🤓 + +## Watch le dépôt GitHub + +Vous pouvez "watch" FastAPI dans GitHub (en cliquant sur le bouton "watch" en haut à droite) : https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👀 + +Si vous sélectionnez "Watching" au lieu de "Releases only", vous recevrez des notifications lorsque quelqu'un crée une nouvelle Issue. + +Vous pouvez alors essayer de les aider à résoudre ces problèmes. + +## Créer une Issue + +Vous pouvez créer une Issue dans le dépôt GitHub, par exemple pour : + +* Poser une question ou s'informer sur un problème. +* Suggérer une nouvelle fonctionnalité. + +**Note** : si vous créez un problème, alors je vais vous demander d'aider aussi les autres. 😉 + +## Créer une Pull Request + +Vous pouvez créer une Pull Request, par exemple : + +* Pour corriger une faute de frappe que vous avez trouvée sur la documentation. +* Proposer de nouvelles sections de documentation. +* Pour corriger une Issue/Bug existant. +* Pour ajouter une nouvelle fonctionnalité. + +## Rejoindre le chat + + + Rejoindre le chat à https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi + + +Rejoignez le chat sur Gitter: https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi. + +Vous pouvez y avoir des conversations rapides avec d'autres personnes, aider les autres, partager des idées, etc. + +Mais gardez à l'esprit que, comme il permet une "conversation plus libre", il est facile de poser des questions trop générales et plus difficiles à répondre, de sorte que vous risquez de ne pas recevoir de réponses. + +Dans les Issues de GitHub, le modèle vous guidera pour écrire la bonne question afin que vous puissiez plus facilement obtenir une bonne réponse, ou même résoudre le problème vous-même avant même de le poser. Et dans GitHub, je peux m'assurer que je réponds toujours à tout, même si cela prend du temps. Je ne peux pas faire cela personnellement avec le chat Gitter. 😅 + +Les conversations dans Gitter ne sont pas non plus aussi facilement consultables que dans GitHub, de sorte que les questions et les réponses peuvent se perdre dans la conversation. + +De l'autre côté, il y a plus de 1000 personnes dans le chat, il y a donc de fortes chances que vous y trouviez quelqu'un à qui parler, presque tout le temps. 😄 + +## Parrainer l'auteur + +Vous pouvez également soutenir financièrement l'auteur (moi) via GitHub sponsors. + +Là, vous pourriez m'offrir un café ☕️ pour me remercier 😄. + +## Sponsoriser les outils qui font fonctionner FastAPI + +Comme vous l'avez vu dans la documentation, FastAPI se tient sur les épaules des géants, Starlette et Pydantic. + +Vous pouvez également parrainer : + +* Samuel Colvin (Pydantic) +* Encode (Starlette, Uvicorn) + +--- + +Merci ! 🚀 diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/history-design-future.md b/docs/fr/docs/history-design-future.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b77664be6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/history-design-future.md @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +# Histoire, conception et avenir + +Il y a quelque temps, un utilisateur de **FastAPI** a demandé : + +> Quelle est l'histoire de ce projet ? Il semble être sorti de nulle part et est devenu génial en quelques semaines [...]. + +Voici un petit bout de cette histoire. + +## Alternatives + +Je crée des API avec des exigences complexes depuis plusieurs années (Machine Learning, systèmes distribués, jobs asynchrones, bases de données NoSQL, etc), en dirigeant plusieurs équipes de développeurs. + +Dans ce cadre, j'ai dû étudier, tester et utiliser de nombreuses alternatives. + +L'histoire de **FastAPI** est en grande partie l'histoire de ses prédécesseurs. + +Comme dit dans la section [Alternatives](alternatives.md){.internal-link target=\_blank} : + +
+ +**FastAPI** n'existerait pas sans le travail antérieur d'autres personnes. + +Il y a eu de nombreux outils créés auparavant qui ont contribué à inspirer sa création. + +J'ai évité la création d'un nouveau framework pendant plusieurs années. J'ai d'abord essayé de résoudre toutes les fonctionnalités couvertes par **FastAPI** en utilisant de nombreux frameworks, plug-ins et outils différents. + +Mais à un moment donné, il n'y avait pas d'autre option que de créer quelque chose qui offre toutes ces fonctionnalités, en prenant les meilleures idées des outils précédents, et en les combinant de la meilleure façon possible, en utilisant des fonctionnalités du langage qui n'étaient même pas disponibles auparavant (annotations de type pour Python 3.6+). + +
+ +## Recherche + +En utilisant toutes les alternatives précédentes, j'ai eu la chance d'apprendre de toutes, de prendre des idées, et de les combiner de la meilleure façon que j'ai pu trouver pour moi-même et les équipes de développeurs avec lesquelles j'ai travaillé. + +Par exemple, il était clair que l'idéal était de se baser sur les annotations de type Python standard. + +De plus, la meilleure approche était d'utiliser des normes déjà existantes. + +Ainsi, avant même de commencer à coder **FastAPI**, j'ai passé plusieurs mois à étudier les spécifications d'OpenAPI, JSON Schema, OAuth2, etc. Comprendre leurs relations, leurs similarités et leurs différences. + +## Conception + +Ensuite, j'ai passé du temps à concevoir l'"API" de développeur que je voulais avoir en tant qu'utilisateur (en tant que développeur utilisant FastAPI). + +J'ai testé plusieurs idées dans les éditeurs Python les plus populaires : PyCharm, VS Code, les éditeurs basés sur Jedi. + +D'après la dernière Enquête Développeurs Python, cela couvre environ 80% des utilisateurs. + +Cela signifie que **FastAPI** a été spécifiquement testé avec les éditeurs utilisés par 80% des développeurs Python. Et comme la plupart des autres éditeurs ont tendance à fonctionner de façon similaire, tous ses avantages devraient fonctionner pour pratiquement tous les éditeurs. + +Ainsi, j'ai pu trouver les meilleurs moyens de réduire autant que possible la duplication du code, d'avoir la complétion partout, les contrôles de type et d'erreur, etc. + +Le tout de manière à offrir la meilleure expérience de développement à tous les développeurs. + +## Exigences + +Après avoir testé plusieurs alternatives, j'ai décidé que j'allais utiliser **Pydantic** pour ses avantages. + +J'y ai ensuite contribué, pour le rendre entièrement compatible avec JSON Schema, pour supporter différentes manières de définir les déclarations de contraintes, et pour améliorer le support des éditeurs (vérifications de type, autocomplétion) sur la base des tests effectués dans plusieurs éditeurs. + +Pendant le développement, j'ai également contribué à **Starlette**, l'autre exigence clé. + +## Développement + +Au moment où j'ai commencé à créer **FastAPI** lui-même, la plupart des pièces étaient déjà en place, la conception était définie, les exigences et les outils étaient prêts, et la connaissance des normes et des spécifications était claire et fraîche. + +## Futur + +À ce stade, il est déjà clair que **FastAPI** et ses idées sont utiles pour de nombreuses personnes. + +Elle a été préférée aux solutions précédentes parce qu'elle convient mieux à de nombreux cas d'utilisation. + +De nombreux développeurs et équipes dépendent déjà de **FastAPI** pour leurs projets (y compris moi et mon équipe). + +Mais il y a encore de nombreuses améliorations et fonctionnalités à venir. + +**FastAPI** a un grand avenir devant lui. + +Et [votre aide](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=\_blank} est grandement appréciée. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/index.md b/docs/fr/docs/index.md index f713ee96b..695204458 100644 --- a/docs/fr/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/fr/docs/index.md @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ If you are building a CLI app to be ## Requirements -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.7+ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml b/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml index f790c0299..1c4f45682 100644 --- a/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml @@ -69,10 +69,16 @@ nav: - tutorial/background-tasks.md - async.md - Déploiement: + - deployment/index.md + - deployment/versions.md + - deployment/https.md + - deployment/deta.md - deployment/docker.md - project-generation.md - alternatives.md +- history-design-future.md - external-links.md +- help-fastapi.md markdown_extensions: - toc: permalink: true @@ -90,6 +96,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/he/mkdocs.yml b/docs/he/mkdocs.yml index 532cc5cab..3279099b5 100644 --- a/docs/he/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/he/mkdocs.yml @@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/id/docs/index.md b/docs/id/docs/index.md index 0bb7b55e3..3129f9dc6 100644 --- a/docs/id/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/id/docs/index.md @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ If you are building a CLI app to be ## Requirements -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.7+ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/id/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/id/docs/tutorial/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8fec3c087 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/id/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +# Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna - Pengenalan + +Tutorial ini menunjukan cara menggunakan ***FastAPI*** dengan semua fitur-fiturnya, tahap demi tahap. + +Setiap bagian dibangun secara bertahap dari bagian sebelumnya, tetapi terstruktur untuk memisahkan banyak topik, sehingga kamu bisa secara langsung menuju ke topik spesifik untuk menyelesaikan kebutuhan API tertentu. + +Ini juga dibangun untuk digunakan sebagai referensi yang akan datang. + +Sehingga kamu dapat kembali lagi dan mencari apa yang kamu butuhkan dengan tepat. + +## Jalankan kode + +Semua blok-blok kode dapat dicopy dan digunakan langsung (Mereka semua sebenarnya adalah file python yang sudah teruji). + +Untuk menjalankan setiap contoh, copy kode ke file `main.py`, dan jalankan `uvicorn` dengan: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +**SANGAT disarankan** agar kamu menulis atau meng-copy kode, meng-editnya dan menjalankannya secara lokal. + +Dengan menggunakannya di dalam editor, benar-benar memperlihatkan manfaat dari FastAPI, melihat bagaimana sedikitnya kode yang harus kamu tulis, semua pengecekan tipe, pelengkapan otomatis, dll. + +--- + +## Install FastAPI + +Langkah pertama adalah dengan meng-install FastAPI. + +Untuk tutorial, kamu mungkin hendak meng-instalnya dengan semua pilihan fitur dan dependensinya: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +...yang juga termasuk `uvicorn`, yang dapat kamu gunakan sebagai server yang menjalankan kodemu. + +!!! catatan + Kamu juga dapat meng-instalnya bagian demi bagian. + + Hal ini mungkin yang akan kamu lakukan ketika kamu hendak men-deploy aplikasimu ke tahap produksi: + + ``` + pip install fastapi + ``` + + Juga install `uvicorn` untk menjalankan server" + + ``` + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + ``` + + Dan demikian juga untuk pilihan dependensi yang hendak kamu gunakan. + +## Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan + +Tersedia juga **Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan** yang dapat kamu baca nanti setelah **Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna** ini. + +**Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan**, dibangun atas hal ini, menggunakan konsep yang sama, dan mengajarkan kepadamu beberapa fitur tambahan. + +Tetapi kamu harus membaca terlebih dahulu **Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna** (apa yang sedang kamu baca sekarang). + +Hal ini didesain sehingga kamu dapat membangun aplikasi lengkap dengan hanya **Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna**, dan kemudian mengembangkannya ke banyak cara yang berbeda, tergantung dari kebutuhanmu, menggunakan beberapa ide-ide tambahan dari **Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan**. diff --git a/docs/id/mkdocs.yml b/docs/id/mkdocs.yml index 697ecd4cb..abb31252f 100644 --- a/docs/id/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/id/mkdocs.yml @@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/it/docs/index.md b/docs/it/docs/index.md index 6acf92552..852a5e56e 100644 --- a/docs/it/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/it/docs/index.md @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ If you are building a CLI app to be ## Requirements -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.7+ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/it/mkdocs.yml b/docs/it/mkdocs.yml index 1f1d0016d..532b5bc52 100644 --- a/docs/it/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/it/mkdocs.yml @@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fbd76e96b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +# NoSQL (分散 / ビッグデータ) Databases + +**FastAPI** はあらゆる NoSQLと統合することもできます。 + +ここではドキュメントベースのNoSQLデータベースである**Couchbase**を使用した例を見てみましょう。 + +他にもこれらのNoSQLデータベースを利用することが出来ます: + +* **MongoDB** +* **Cassandra** +* **CouchDB** +* **ArangoDB** +* **ElasticSearch** など。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + **FastAPI**と**Couchbase**を使った公式プロジェクト・ジェネレータがあります。すべて**Docker**ベースで、フロントエンドやその他のツールも含まれています: https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase + +## Couchbase コンポーネントの Import + +まずはImportしましょう。今はその他のソースコードに注意を払う必要はありません。 + +```Python hl_lines="3-5" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## "document type" として利用する定数の定義 + +documentで利用する固定の`type`フィールドを用意しておきます。 + +これはCouchbaseで必須ではありませんが、後々の助けになるベストプラクティスです。 + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## `Bucket` を取得する関数の追加 + +**Couchbase**では、bucketはdocumentのセットで、様々な種類のものがあります。 + +Bucketは通常、同一のアプリケーション内で互いに関係を持っています。 + +リレーショナルデータベースの世界でいう"database"(データベースサーバではなく特定のdatabase)と類似しています。 + +**MongoDB** で例えると"collection"と似た概念です。 + +次のコードでは主に `Bucket` を利用してCouchbaseを操作します。 + +この関数では以下の処理を行います: + +* **Couchbase** クラスタ(1台の場合もあるでしょう)に接続 + * タイムアウトのデフォルト値を設定 +* クラスタで認証を取得 +* `Bucket` インスタンスを取得 + * タイムアウトのデフォルト値を設定 +* 作成した`Bucket`インスタンスを返却 + +```Python hl_lines="12-21" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Pydantic モデルの作成 + +**Couchbase**のdocumentは実際には単にJSONオブジェクトなのでPydanticを利用してモデルに出来ます。 + +### `User` モデル + +まずは`User`モデルを作成してみましょう: + +```Python hl_lines="24-28" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +このモデルは*path operation*に使用するので`hashed_password`は含めません。 + +### `UserInDB` モデル + +それでは`UserInDB`モデルを作成しましょう。 + +こちらは実際にデータベースに保存されるデータを保持します。 + +`User`モデルの持つ全ての属性に加えていくつかの属性を追加するのでPydanticの`BaseModel`を継承せずに`User`のサブクラスとして定義します: + +```Python hl_lines="31-33" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "備考" + データベースに保存される`hashed_password`と`type`フィールドを`UserInDB`モデルに保持させていることに注意してください。 + + しかしこれらは(*path operation*で返却する)一般的な`User`モデルには含まれません + +## user の取得 + +それでは次の関数を作成しましょう: + +* username を取得する +* username を利用してdocumentのIDを生成する +* 作成したIDでdocumentを取得する +* documentの内容を`UserInDB`モデルに設定する + +*path operation関数*とは別に、`username`(またはその他のパラメータ)からuserを取得することだけに特化した関数を作成することで、より簡単に複数の部分で再利用したりユニットテストを追加することができます。 + +```Python hl_lines="36-42" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### f-strings + +`f"userprofile::{username}"` という記載に馴染みがありませんか？これは Python の"f-string"と呼ばれるものです。 + +f-stringの`{}`の中に入れられた変数は、文字列の中に展開/注入されます。 + +### `dict` アンパック + +`UserInDB(**result.value)`という記載に馴染みがありませんか？これは`dict`の"アンパック"と呼ばれるものです。 + +これは`result.value`の`dict`からそのキーと値をそれぞれ取りキーワード引数として`UserInDB`に渡します。 + +例えば`dict`が下記のようになっていた場合: + +```Python +{ + "username": "johndoe", + "hashed_password": "some_hash", +} +``` + +`UserInDB`には次のように渡されます: + +```Python +UserInDB(username="johndoe", hashed_password="some_hash") +``` + +## **FastAPI** コードの実装 + +### `FastAPI` app の作成 + +```Python hl_lines="46" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### *path operation関数*の作成 + +私たちのコードはCouchbaseを呼び出しており、実験的なPython awaitを使用していないので、私たちは`async def`ではなく通常の`def`で関数を宣言する必要があります。 + +また、Couchbaseは単一の`Bucket`オブジェクトを複数のスレッドで使用しないことを推奨していますので、単に直接Bucketを取得して関数に渡すことが出来ます。 + +```Python hl_lines="49-53" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## まとめ + +他のサードパーティ製のNoSQLデータベースを利用する場合でも、そのデータベースの標準ライブラリを利用するだけで利用できます。 + +他の外部ツール、システム、APIについても同じことが言えます。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/contributing.md b/docs/ja/docs/contributing.md index 07e53eeb7..9affea443 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/contributing.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/contributing.md @@ -88,62 +88,29 @@ $ python -m venv env !!! tip "豆知識" この環境で`pip`を使って新しいパッケージをインストールするたびに、仮想環境を再度有効化します。 - これにより、そのパッケージによってインストールされたターミナルのプログラム (`flit`など) を使用する場合、ローカル環境のものを使用し、グローバルにインストールされたものは使用されなくなります。 + これにより、そのパッケージによってインストールされたターミナルのプログラム を使用する場合、ローカル環境のものを使用し、グローバルにインストールされたものは使用されなくなります。 -### Flit +### pip -**FastAPI**はFlit を使って、ビルド、パッケージ化、公開します。 - -上記のように環境を有効化した後、`flit`をインストールします: +上記のように環境を有効化した後:
```console -$ pip install flit +$ pip install -e ."[dev,doc,test]" ---> 100% ```
- -次に、環境を再び有効化して、インストールしたばかりの`flit` (グローバルではない) を使用していることを確認します。 - -そして、`flit`を使用して開発のための依存関係をインストールします: - -=== "Linux, macOS" - -
- - ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --symlink - - ---> 100% - ``` - -
- -=== "Windows" - - Windowsユーザーは、`--symlink`のかわりに`--pth-file`を使用します: - -
- - ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --pth-file - - ---> 100% - ``` - -
- これで、すべての依存関係とFastAPIを、ローカル環境にインストールします。 #### ローカル環境でFastAPIを使う FastAPIをインポートして使用するPythonファイルを作成し、ローカル環境で実行すると、ローカルのFastAPIソースコードが使用されます。 -そして、`--symlink` (Windowsでは` --pth-file`) でインストールされているローカルのFastAPIソースコードを更新した場合、そのPythonファイルを再度実行すると、更新したばかりの新しいバージョンのFastAPIが使用されます。 +そして、`-e` でインストールされているローカルのFastAPIソースコードを更新した場合、そのPythonファイルを再度実行すると、更新したばかりの新しいバージョンのFastAPIが使用されます。 これにより、ローカルバージョンを「インストール」しなくても、すべての変更をテストできます。 @@ -161,7 +128,7 @@ $ bash scripts/format.sh また、すべてのインポートを自動でソートします。 -正しく並べ替えるには、上記セクションのコマンドで `--symlink` (Windowsの場合は` --pth-file`) を使い、FastAPIをローカル環境にインストールしている必要があります。 +正しく並べ替えるには、上記セクションのコマンドで `-e` を使い、FastAPIをローカル環境にインストールしている必要があります。 ### インポートの整形 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/deployment/manually.md b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/manually.md index dd4b568bd..67010a66f 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/deployment/manually.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/manually.md @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
```console - $ pip install uvicorn[standard] + $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/index.md b/docs/ja/docs/index.md index 5fca78a83..177a78786 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/index.md @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ FastAPI は、Pythonの標準である型ヒントに基づいてPython 3.6 以 ## 必要条件 -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.7+ FastAPI は巨人の肩の上に立っています。 @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/index.md index 29fc86f94..a2dd59c9b 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/index.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --reload
```console -$ pip install fastapi[all] +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all] また、サーバーとして動作するように`uvicorn` をインストールします: ``` - pip install uvicorn[standard] + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ``` そして、使用したい依存関係をそれぞれ同様にインストールします。 diff --git a/docs/ja/mkdocs.yml b/docs/ja/mkdocs.yml index d96074ef1..b3f18bbdd 100644 --- a/docs/ja/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/ja/mkdocs.yml @@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ nav: - advanced/additional-status-codes.md - advanced/response-directly.md - advanced/custom-response.md + - advanced/nosql-databases.md - advanced/conditional-openapi.md - async.md - デプロイ: @@ -117,6 +118,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/index.md b/docs/ko/docs/index.md index ec4422994..6d35afc47 100644 --- a/docs/ko/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/ko/docs/index.md @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ FastAPI는 현대적이고, 빠르며(고성능), 파이썬 표준 타입 힌트 ## 요구사항 -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.7+ FastAPI는 거인들의 어깨 위에 서 있습니다: @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/index.md index 622aad1aa..d6db525e8 100644 --- a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/index.md +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --reload
```console -$ pip install fastapi[all] +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml b/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml index 4a576baf2..50931e134 100644 --- a/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml @@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ nav: - tutorial/response-status-code.md - tutorial/request-files.md - tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md + - tutorial/encoder.md markdown_extensions: - toc: permalink: true @@ -85,6 +86,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/nl/docs/index.md b/docs/nl/docs/index.md index fd52f994c..fe55f6c1b 100644 --- a/docs/nl/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/nl/docs/index.md @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ If you are building a CLI app to be ## Requirements -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.7+ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: diff --git a/docs/nl/mkdocs.yml b/docs/nl/mkdocs.yml index 8831571dd..6d46939f9 100644 --- a/docs/nl/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/nl/mkdocs.yml @@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/pl/docs/index.md b/docs/pl/docs/index.md index bbe1b1ad1..671c235a6 100644 --- a/docs/pl/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/pl/docs/index.md @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Jeżeli tworzysz aplikacje CLI< ## Wymagania -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.7+ FastAPI oparty jest na: @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Na serwerze produkcyjnym będziesz także potrzebował serwera ASGI, np. ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/pl/mkdocs.yml b/docs/pl/mkdocs.yml index 982b1a060..1cd129420 100644 --- a/docs/pl/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/pl/mkdocs.yml @@ -78,6 +78,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/contributing.md b/docs/pt/docs/contributing.md index 327b8b607..f95b6f4ec 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/contributing.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/contributing.md @@ -89,61 +89,29 @@ Se ele exibir o binário `pip` em `env/bin/pip` então funcionou. 🎉 !!! tip Toda vez que você instalar um novo pacote com `pip` nesse ambiente, ative o ambiente novamente. - Isso garante que se você usar um programa instalado por aquele pacote (como `flit`), você utilizará aquele de seu ambiente local e não outro que possa estar instalado globalmente. + Isso garante que se você usar um programa instalado por aquele pacote, você utilizará aquele de seu ambiente local e não outro que possa estar instalado globalmente. -### Flit +### pip -**FastAPI** utiliza Flit para construir, empacotar e publicar o projeto. - -Após ativar o ambiente como descrito acima, instale o `flit`: +Após ativar o ambiente como descrito acima:
```console -$ pip install flit +$ pip install -e ."[dev,doc,test]" ---> 100% ```
-Ative novamente o ambiente para ter certeza que você esteja utilizando o `flit` que você acabou de instalar (e não um global). - -E agora use `flit` para instalar as dependências de desenvolvimento: - -=== "Linux, macOS" - -
- - ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --symlink - - ---> 100% - ``` - -
- -=== "Windows" - - Se você está no Windows, use `--pth-file` ao invés de `--symlink`: - -
- - ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --pth-file - - ---> 100% - ``` - -
- Isso irá instalar todas as dependências e seu FastAPI local em seu ambiente local. #### Usando seu FastAPI local Se você cria um arquivo Python que importa e usa FastAPI, e roda com Python de seu ambiente local, ele irá utilizar o código fonte de seu FastAPI local. -E se você atualizar o código fonte do FastAPI local, como ele é instalado com `--symlink` (ou `--pth-file` no Windows), quando você rodar aquele arquivo Python novamente, ele irá utilizar a nova versão do FastAPI que você acabou de editar. +E se você atualizar o código fonte do FastAPI local, como ele é instalado com `-e`, quando você rodar aquele arquivo Python novamente, ele irá utilizar a nova versão do FastAPI que você acabou de editar. Desse modo, você não tem que "instalar" sua versão local para ser capaz de testar cada mudança. @@ -161,7 +129,7 @@ $ bash scripts/format.sh Ele irá organizar também todos os seus imports. -Para que ele organize os imports corretamente, você precisa ter o FastAPI instalado localmente em seu ambiente, com o comando na seção acima usando `--symlink` (ou `--pth-file` no Windows). +Para que ele organize os imports corretamente, você precisa ter o FastAPI instalado localmente em seu ambiente, com o comando na seção acima usando `-e`. ### Formato dos imports diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/deployment.md b/docs/pt/docs/deployment.md index cd820cbd3..2272467fd 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/deployment.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/deployment.md @@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ Você apenas precisa instalar um servidor ASGI compatível como:
```console - $ pip install uvicorn[standard] + $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/index.md b/docs/pt/docs/index.md index b1d0c89f2..ccbb8dba8 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/index.md @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Se você estiver construindo uma aplicação ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac67aa47f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +# Corpo - Múltiplos parâmetros + +Agora que nós vimos como usar `Path` e `Query`, veremos usos mais avançados de declarações no corpo da requisição. + +## Misture `Path`, `Query` e parâmetros de corpo + +Primeiro, é claro, você pode misturar `Path`, `Query` e declarações de parâmetro no corpo da requisição livremente e o **FastAPI** saberá o que fazer. + +E você também pode declarar parâmetros de corpo como opcionais, definindo o valor padrão com `None`: + +=== "Python 3.6 e superiores" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 e superiores" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! nota + Repare que, neste caso, o `item` que seria capturado a partir do corpo é opcional. Visto que ele possui `None` como valor padrão. + +## Múltiplos parâmetros de corpo + +No exemplo anterior, as *operações de rota* esperariam um JSON no corpo contendo os atributos de um `Item`, exemplo: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 +} +``` + +Mas você pode também declarar múltiplos parâmetros de corpo, por exemplo, `item` e `user`: + +=== "Python 3.6 e superiores" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 e superiores" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +Neste caso, o **FastAPI** perceberá que existe mais de um parâmetro de corpo na função (dois parâmetros que são modelos Pydantic). + +Então, ele usará o nome dos parâmetros como chaves (nome dos campos) no corpo, e espera um corpo como: + +```JSON +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + }, + "user": { + "username": "dave", + "full_name": "Dave Grohl" + } +} +``` + +!!! nota + Repare que mesmo que o `item` esteja declarado da mesma maneira que antes, agora é esperado que ele esteja dentro do corpo com uma chave `item`. + + +O **FastAPI** fará a conversão automática a partir da requisição, assim esse parâmetro `item` receberá seu respectivo conteúdo e o mesmo ocorrerá com `user`. + +Ele executará a validação dos dados compostos e irá documentá-los de maneira compatível com o esquema OpenAPI e documentação automática. + +## Valores singulares no corpo + +Assim como existem uma `Query` e uma `Path` para definir dados adicionais para parâmetros de consulta e de rota, o **FastAPI** provê o equivalente para `Body`. + +Por exemplo, extendendo o modelo anterior, você poder decidir por ter uma outra chave `importance` no mesmo corpo, além de `item` e `user`. + +Se você declará-lo como é, porque é um valor singular, o **FastAPI** assumirá que se trata de um parâmetro de consulta. + +Mas você pode instruir o **FastAPI** para tratá-lo como outra chave do corpo usando `Body`: + +=== "Python 3.6 e superiores" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 e superiores" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +Neste caso, o **FastAPI** esperará um corpo como: + +```JSON +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + }, + "user": { + "username": "dave", + "full_name": "Dave Grohl" + }, + "importance": 5 +} +``` + +Mais uma vez, ele converterá os tipos de dados, validar, documentar, etc. + +## Múltiplos parâmetros de corpo e consulta + +Obviamente, você também pode declarar parâmetros de consulta assim que você precisar, de modo adicional a quaisquer parâmetros de corpo. + +Dado que, por padrão, valores singulares são interpretados como parâmetros de consulta, você não precisa explicitamente adicionar uma `Query`, você pode somente: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = None +``` + +Ou como em Python 3.10 e versões superiores: + +```Python +q: str | None = None +``` + +Por exemplo: + +=== "Python 3.6 e superiores" + + ```Python hl_lines="27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 e superiores" + + ```Python hl_lines="26" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! info "Informação" + `Body` também possui todas as validações adicionais e metadados de parâmetros como em `Query`,`Path` e outras que você verá depois. + +## Declare um único parâmetro de corpo indicando sua chave + +Suponha que você tem um único parâmetro de corpo `item`, a partir de um modelo Pydantic `Item`. + +Por padrão, o **FastAPI** esperará que seu conteúdo venha no corpo diretamente. + +Mas se você quiser que ele espere por um JSON com uma chave `item` e dentro dele os conteúdos do modelo, como ocorre ao declarar vários parâmetros de corpo, você pode usar o parâmetro especial de `Body` chamado `embed`: + +```Python +item: Item = Body(embed=True) +``` + +como em: + +=== "Python 3.6 e superiores" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 e superiores" + + ```Python hl_lines="15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +Neste caso o **FastAPI** esperará um corpo como: + +```JSON hl_lines="2" +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + } +} +``` + +ao invés de: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 +} +``` + +## Recapitulando + +Você pode adicionar múltiplos parâmetros de corpo para sua *função de operação de rota*, mesmo que a requisição possa ter somente um único corpo. + +E o **FastAPI** vai manipulá-los, mandar para você os dados corretos na sua função, e validar e documentar o schema correto na *operação de rota*. + +Você também pode declarar valores singulares para serem recebidos como parte do corpo. + +E você pode instruir o **FastAPI** para requisitar no corpo a indicação de chave mesmo quando existe somente um único parâmetro declarado. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97a2e3eac --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ +# Manipulação de erros + +Há diversas situações em que você precisa notificar um erro a um cliente que está utilizando a sua API. + +Esse cliente pode ser um browser com um frontend, o código de outra pessoa, um dispositivo IoT, etc. + +Pode ser que você precise comunicar ao cliente que: + +* O cliente não tem direitos para realizar aquela operação. +* O cliente não tem acesso aquele recurso. +* O item que o cliente está tentando acessar não existe. +* etc. + + +Nesses casos, você normalmente retornaria um **HTTP status code** próximo ao status code na faixa do status code **400** (do 400 ao 499). + +Isso é bastante similar ao caso do HTTP status code 200 (do 200 ao 299). Esses "200" status codes significam que, de algum modo, houve sucesso na requisição. + +Os status codes na faixa dos 400 significam que houve um erro por parte do cliente. + +Você se lembra de todos aqueles erros (e piadas) a respeito do "**404 Not Found**"? + +## Use o `HTTPException` + +Para retornar ao cliente *responses* HTTP com erros, use o `HTTPException`. + +### Import `HTTPException` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Lance o `HTTPException` no seu código. + +`HTTPException`, ao fundo, nada mais é do que a conjunção entre uma exceção comum do Python e informações adicionais relevantes para APIs. + +E porque é uma exceção do Python, você não **retorna** (return) o `HTTPException`, você lança o (raise) no seu código. + +Isso também significa que, se você está escrevendo uma função de utilidade, a qual você está chamando dentro da sua função de operações de caminhos, e você lança o `HTTPException` dentro da função de utilidade, o resto do seu código não será executado dentro da função de operações de caminhos. Ao contrário, o `HTTPException` irá finalizar a requisição no mesmo instante e enviará o erro HTTP oriundo do `HTTPException` para o cliente. + +O benefício de lançar uma exceção em vez de retornar um valor ficará mais evidente na seção sobre Dependências e Segurança. + +Neste exemplo, quando o cliente pede, na requisição, por um item cujo ID não existe, a exceção com o status code `404` é lançada: + +```Python hl_lines="11" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### A response resultante + + +Se o cliente faz uma requisição para `http://example.com/items/foo` (um `item_id` `"foo"`), esse cliente receberá um HTTP status code 200, e uma resposta JSON: + + +``` +{ + "item": "The Foo Wrestlers" +} +``` + +Mas se o cliente faz uma requisição para `http://example.com/items/bar` (ou seja, um não existente `item_id "bar"`), esse cliente receberá um HTTP status code 404 (o erro "não encontrado" — *not found error*), e uma resposta JSON: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": "Item not found" +} +``` + +!!! tip "Dica" + Quando você lançar um `HTTPException`, você pode passar qualquer valor convertível em JSON como parâmetro de `detail`, e não apenas `str`. + + Você pode passar um `dict` ou um `list`, etc. + Esses tipos de dados são manipulados automaticamente pelo **FastAPI** e convertidos em JSON. + + +## Adicione headers customizados + +Há certas situações em que é bastante útil poder adicionar headers customizados no HTTP error. Exemplo disso seria adicionar headers customizados para tipos de segurança. + +Você provavelmente não precisará utilizar esses headers diretamente no seu código. + +Mas caso você precise, para um cenário mais complexo, você pode adicionar headers customizados: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## Instalando manipuladores de exceções customizados + +Você pode adicionar manipuladores de exceção customizados com a mesma seção de utilidade de exceções presentes no Starlette + +Digamos que você tenha uma exceção customizada `UnicornException` que você (ou uma biblioteca que você use) precise lançar (`raise`). + +Nesse cenário, se você precisa manipular essa exceção de modo global com o FastAPI, você pode adicionar um manipulador de exceção customizada com `@app.exception_handler()`. + +```Python hl_lines="5-7 13-18 24" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +Nesse cenário, se você fizer uma requisição para `/unicorns/yolo`, a *operação de caminho* vai lançar (`raise`) o `UnicornException`. + +Essa exceção será manipulada, contudo, pelo `unicorn_exception_handler`. + +Dessa forma você receberá um erro "limpo", com o HTTP status code `418` e um JSON com o conteúdo: + +```JSON +{"message": "Oops! yolo did something. There goes a rainbow..."} +``` + +!!! note "Detalhes Técnicos" + Você também pode usar `from starlette.requests import Request` and `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`. + + **FastAPI** disponibiliza o mesmo `starlette.responses` através do `fastapi.responses` por conveniência ao desenvolvedor. Contudo, a maior parte das respostas disponíveis vem diretamente do Starlette. O mesmo acontece com o `Request`. + +## Sobrescreva o manipulador padrão de exceções + +**FastAPI** tem alguns manipuladores padrão de exceções. + +Esses manipuladores são os responsáveis por retornar o JSON padrão de respostas quando você lança (`raise`) o `HTTPException` e quando a requisição tem dados invalidos. + +Você pode sobrescrever esses manipuladores de exceção com os seus próprios manipuladores. + +## Sobrescreva exceções de validação da requisição + +Quando a requisição contém dados inválidos, **FastAPI** internamente lança para o `RequestValidationError`. + +Para sobrescrevê-lo, importe o `RequestValidationError` e use-o com o `@app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)` para decorar o manipulador de exceções. + +```Python hl_lines="2 14-16" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +Se você for ao `/items/foo`, em vez de receber o JSON padrão com o erro: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "path", + "item_id" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ] +} +``` + +você receberá a versão em texto: + +``` +1 validation error +path -> item_id + value is not a valid integer (type=type_error.integer) +``` + +### `RequestValidationError` vs `ValidationError` + +!!! warning "Aviso" + Você pode pular estes detalhes técnicos caso eles não sejam importantes para você neste momento. + +`RequestValidationError` é uma subclasse do `ValidationError` existente no Pydantic. + +**FastAPI** faz uso dele para que você veja o erro no seu log, caso você utilize um modelo de Pydantic em `response_model`, e seus dados tenham erro. + +Contudo, o cliente ou usuário não terão acesso a ele. Ao contrário, o cliente receberá um "Internal Server Error" com o HTTP status code `500`. + +E assim deve ser porque seria um bug no seu código ter o `ValidationError` do Pydantic na sua *response*, ou em qualquer outro lugar do seu código (que não na requisição do cliente). + +E enquanto você conserta o bug, os clientes / usuários não deveriam ter acesso às informações internas do erro, porque, desse modo, haveria exposição de uma vulnerabilidade de segurança. + +Do mesmo modo, você pode sobreescrever o `HTTPException`. + +Por exemplo, você pode querer retornar uma *response* em *plain text* ao invés de um JSON para os seguintes erros: + +```Python hl_lines="3-4 9-11 22" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +!!! note "Detalhes Técnicos" + Você pode usar `from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse`. + + **FastAPI** disponibiliza o mesmo `starlette.responses` como `fastapi.responses`, como conveniência a você, desenvolvedor. Contudo, a maior parte das respostas disponíveis vem diretamente do Starlette. + + +### Use o body do `RequestValidationError`. + +O `RequestValidationError` contém o `body` que ele recebeu de dados inválidos. + +Você pode utilizá-lo enquanto desenvolve seu app para conectar o *body* e debugá-lo, e assim retorná-lo ao usuário, etc. + +Tente enviar um item inválido como este: + +```JSON +{ + "title": "towel", + "size": "XL" +} +``` + +Você receberá uma *response* informando-o de que a data é inválida, e contendo o *body* recebido: + +```JSON hl_lines="12-15" +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "body", + "size" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ], + "body": { + "title": "towel", + "size": "XL" + } +} +``` + +#### O `HTTPException` do FastAPI vs o `HTTPException` do Starlette. + +O **FastAPI** tem o seu próprio `HTTPException`. + +E a classe de erro `HTTPException` do **FastAPI** herda da classe de erro do `HTTPException` do Starlette. + +A diferença entre os dois é a de que o `HTTPException` do **FastAPI** permite que você adicione *headers* que serão incluídos nas *responses*. + +Esses *headers* são necessários/utilizados internamente pelo OAuth 2.0 e também por outras utilidades de segurança. + +Portanto, você pode continuar lançando o `HTTPException` do **FastAPI** normalmente no seu código. + +Porém, quando você registrar um manipulador de exceção, você deve registrá-lo através do `HTTPException` do Starlette. + +Dessa forma, se qualquer parte do código interno, extensão ou plug-in do Starlette lançar o `HTTPException`, o seu manipulador de exceção poderá capturar esse lançamento e tratá-lo. + +```Python +from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException +``` + +### Re-use os manipulares de exceção do **FastAPI** + +Se você quer usar a exceção em conjunto com o mesmo manipulador de exceção *default* do **FastAPI**, você pode importar e re-usar esses manipuladores de exceção do `fastapi.exception_handlers`: + +```Python hl_lines="2-5 15 21" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +Nesse exemplo você apenas imprime (`print`) o erro com uma mensagem expressiva. Mesmo assim, dá para pegar a ideia. Você pode usar a exceção e então apenas re-usar o manipulador de exceção *default*. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/header-params.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/header-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..94ee784cd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/header-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +# Parâmetros de Cabeçalho + +Você pode definir parâmetros de Cabeçalho da mesma maneira que define paramêtros com `Query`, `Path` e `Cookie`. + +## importe `Header` + +Primeiro importe `Header`: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +## Declare parâmetros de `Header` + +Então declare os paramêtros de cabeçalho usando a mesma estrutura que em `Path`, `Query` e `Cookie`. + +O primeiro valor é o valor padrão, você pode passar todas as validações adicionais ou parâmetros de anotação: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! note "Detalhes Técnicos" + `Header` é uma classe "irmã" de `Path`, `Query` e `Cookie`. Ela também herda da mesma classe em comum `Param`. + + Mas lembre-se que quando você importa `Query`, `Path`, `Header`, e outras de `fastapi`, elas são na verdade funções que retornam classes especiais. + +!!! info + Para declarar headers, você precisa usar `Header`, caso contrário, os parâmetros seriam interpretados como parâmetros de consulta. + +## Conversão automática + +`Header` tem algumas funcionalidades a mais em relação a `Path`, `Query` e `Cookie`. + +A maioria dos cabeçalhos padrão são separados pelo caractere "hífen", também conhecido como "sinal de menos" (`-`). + +Mas uma variável como `user-agent` é inválida em Python. + +Portanto, por padrão, `Header` converterá os caracteres de nomes de parâmetros de sublinhado (`_`) para hífen (`-`) para extrair e documentar os cabeçalhos. + +Além disso, os cabeçalhos HTTP não diferenciam maiúsculas de minúsculas, portanto, você pode declará-los com o estilo padrão do Python (também conhecido como "snake_case"). + +Portanto, você pode usar `user_agent` como faria normalmente no código Python, em vez de precisar colocar as primeiras letras em maiúsculas como `User_Agent` ou algo semelhante. + +Se por algum motivo você precisar desabilitar a conversão automática de sublinhados para hífens, defina o parâmetro `convert_underscores` de `Header` para `False`: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! warning "Aviso" + Antes de definir `convert_underscores` como `False`, lembre-se de que alguns proxies e servidores HTTP não permitem o uso de cabeçalhos com sublinhados. + +## Cabeçalhos duplicados + +É possível receber cabeçalhos duplicados. Isso significa, o mesmo cabeçalho com vários valores. + +Você pode definir esses casos usando uma lista na declaração de tipo. + +Você receberá todos os valores do cabeçalho duplicado como uma `list` Python. + +Por exemplo, para declarar um cabeçalho de `X-Token` que pode aparecer mais de uma vez, você pode escrever: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +Se você se comunicar com essa *operação de caminho* enviando dois cabeçalhos HTTP como: + +``` +X-Token: foo +X-Token: bar +``` + +A resposta seria como: + +```JSON +{ + "X-Token values": [ + "bar", + "foo" + ] +} +``` + +## Recapitulando + +Declare cabeçalhos com `Header`, usando o mesmo padrão comum que utiliza-se em `Query`, `Path` e `Cookie`. + +E não se preocupe com sublinhados em suas variáveis, FastAPI cuidará da conversão deles. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/index.md index f93fd8d75..b1abd32bc 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/index.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Para o tutorial, você deve querer instalá-lo com todas as dependências e recu
```console -$ pip install fastapi[all] +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all] Também instale o `uvicorn` para funcionar como servidor: ``` - pip install uvicorn[standard] + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ``` E o mesmo para cada dependência opcional que você quiser usar. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f478fd190 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +# Parâmetros da Rota e Validações Numéricas + +Do mesmo modo que você pode declarar mais validações e metadados para parâmetros de consulta com `Query`, você pode declarar os mesmos tipos de validações e metadados para parâmetros de rota com `Path`. + +## Importe `Path` + +Primeiro, importe `Path` de `fastapi`: + +=== "Python 3.6 e superiores" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 e superiores" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +## Declare metadados + +Você pode declarar todos os parâmetros da mesma maneira que na `Query`. + +Por exemplo para declarar um valor de metadado `title` para o parâmetro de rota `item_id` você pode digitar: + +=== "Python 3.6 e superiores" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 e superiores" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! note "Nota" + Um parâmetro de rota é sempre obrigatório, como se fizesse parte da rota. + + Então, você deve declará-lo com `...` para marcá-lo como obrigatório. + + Mesmo que você declare-o como `None` ou defina um valor padrão, isso não teria efeito algum, o parâmetro ainda seria obrigatório. + +## Ordene os parâmetros de acordo com sua necessidade + +Suponha que você queira declarar o parâmetro de consulta `q` como uma `str` obrigatória. + +E você não precisa declarar mais nada em relação a este parâmetro, então você não precisa necessariamente usar `Query`. + +Mas você ainda precisa usar `Path` para o parâmetro de rota `item_id`. + +O Python irá acusar se você colocar um elemento com um valor padrão definido antes de outro que não tenha um valor padrão. + +Mas você pode reordená-los, colocando primeiro o elemento sem o valor padrão (o parâmetro de consulta `q`). + +Isso não faz diferença para o **FastAPI**. Ele vai detectar os parâmetros pelos seus nomes, tipos e definições padrão (`Query`, `Path`, etc), sem se importar com a ordem. + +Então, você pode declarar sua função assim: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## Ordene os parâmetros de a acordo com sua necessidade, truques + +Se você quiser declarar o parâmetro de consulta `q` sem um `Query` nem um valor padrão, e o parâmetro de rota `item_id` usando `Path`, e definí-los em uma ordem diferente, Python tem um pequeno truque na sintaxe para isso. + +Passe `*`, como o primeiro parâmetro da função. + +O Python não vai fazer nada com esse `*`, mas ele vai saber que a partir dali os parâmetros seguintes deverão ser chamados argumentos nomeados (pares chave-valor), também conhecidos como kwargs. Mesmo que eles não possuam um valor padrão. + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## Validações numéricas: maior que ou igual + +Com `Query` e `Path` (e outras que você verá mais tarde) você pode declarar restrições numéricas. + +Aqui, com `ge=1`, `item_id` precisará ser um número inteiro maior que ("`g`reater than") ou igual ("`e`qual") a 1. + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## Validações numéricas: maior que e menor que ou igual + +O mesmo se aplica para: + +* `gt`: maior que (`g`reater `t`han) +* `le`: menor que ou igual (`l`ess than or `e`qual) + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +## Validações numéricas: valores do tipo float, maior que e menor que + +Validações numéricas também funcionam para valores do tipo `float`. + +Aqui é onde se torna importante a possibilidade de declarar gt e não apenas ge. Com isso você pode especificar, por exemplo, que um valor deve ser maior que `0`, ainda que seja menor que `1`. + +Assim, `0.5` seria um valor válido. Mas `0.0` ou `0` não seria. + +E o mesmo para lt. + +```Python hl_lines="11" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +## Recapitulando + +Com `Query`, `Path` (e outras que você ainda não viu) você pode declarar metadados e validações de texto do mesmo modo que com [Parâmetros de consulta e validações de texto](query-params-str-validations.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +E você também pode declarar validações numéricas: + +* `gt`: maior que (`g`reater `t`han) +* `ge`: maior que ou igual (`g`reater than or `e`qual) +* `lt`: menor que (`l`ess `t`han) +* `le`: menor que ou igual (`l`ess than or `e`qual) + +!!! info "Informação" + `Query`, `Path` e outras classes que você verá a frente são subclasses de uma classe comum `Param`. + + Todas elas compartilham os mesmos parâmetros para validação adicional e metadados que você viu. + +!!! note "Detalhes Técnicos" + Quando você importa `Query`, `Path` e outras de `fastapi`, elas são na verdade funções. + + Que quando chamadas, retornam instâncias de classes de mesmo nome. + + Então, você importa `Query`, que é uma função. E quando você a chama, ela retorna uma instância de uma classe também chamada `Query`. + + Estas funções são assim (ao invés de apenas usar as classes diretamente) para que seu editor não acuse erros sobre seus tipos. + + Dessa maneira você pode user seu editor e ferramentas de desenvolvimento sem precisar adicionar configurações customizadas para ignorar estes erros. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..189724396 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,224 @@ +# Parâmetros de Consulta + +Quando você declara outros parâmetros na função que não fazem parte dos parâmetros da rota, esses parâmetros são automaticamente interpretados como parâmetros de "consulta". + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +A consulta é o conjunto de pares chave-valor que vai depois de `?` na URL, separado pelo caractere `&`. + +Por exemplo, na URL: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 +``` + +...os parâmetros da consulta são: + +* `skip`: com o valor `0` +* `limit`: com o valor `10` + +Como eles são parte da URL, eles são "naturalmente" strings. + +Mas quando você declara eles com os tipos do Python (no exemplo acima, como `int`), eles são convertidos para aquele tipo e validados em relação a ele. + +Todo o processo que era aplicado para parâmetros de rota também é aplicado para parâmetros de consulta: + +* Suporte do editor (obviamente) +* "Parsing" de dados +* Validação de dados +* Documentação automática + +## Valores padrão + +Como os parâmetros de consulta não são uma parte fixa da rota, eles podem ser opcionais e podem ter valores padrão. + +No exemplo acima eles tem valores padrão de `skip=0` e `limit=10`. + +Então, se você for até a URL: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/ +``` + +Seria o mesmo que ir para: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 +``` + +Mas, se por exemplo você for para: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=20 +``` + +Os valores dos parâmetros na sua função serão: + +* `skip=20`: Por que você definiu isso na URL +* `limit=10`: Por que esse era o valor padrão + +## Parâmetros opcionais + +Da mesma forma, você pode declarar parâmetros de consulta opcionais, definindo o valor padrão para `None`: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +Nesse caso, o parâmetro da função `q` será opcional, e `None` será o padrão. + +!!! check "Verificar" + Você também pode notar que o **FastAPI** é esperto o suficiente para perceber que o parâmetro da rota `item_id` é um parâmetro da rota, e `q` não é, portanto, `q` é o parâmetro de consulta. + + +## Conversão dos tipos de parâmetros de consulta + +Você também pode declarar tipos `bool`, e eles serão convertidos: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +Nesse caso, se você for para: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=1 +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=True +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=true +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=on +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes +``` + +ou qualquer outra variação (tudo em maiúscula, primeira letra em maiúscula, etc), a sua função vai ver o parâmetro `short` com um valor `bool` de `True`. Caso contrário `False`. + +## Múltiplos parâmetros de rota e consulta + +Você pode declarar múltiplos parâmetros de rota e parâmetros de consulta ao mesmo tempo, o **FastAPI** vai saber o quê é o quê. + +E você não precisa declarar eles em nenhuma ordem específica. + +Eles serão detectados pelo nome: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="8 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="6 8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +## Parâmetros de consulta obrigatórios + +Quando você declara um valor padrão para parâmetros que não são de rota (até agora, nós vimos apenas parâmetros de consulta), então eles não são obrigatórios. + +Caso você não queira adicionar um valor específico mas queira apenas torná-lo opcional, defina o valor padrão como `None`. + +Porém, quando você quiser fazer com que o parâmetro de consulta seja obrigatório, você pode simplesmente não declarar nenhum valor como padrão. + +```Python hl_lines="6-7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +Aqui o parâmetro de consulta `needy` é um valor obrigatório, do tipo `str`. + +Se você abrir no seu navegador a URL: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item +``` + +... sem adicionar o parâmetro obrigatório `needy`, você verá um erro como: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "query", + "needy" + ], + "msg": "field required", + "type": "value_error.missing" + } + ] +} +``` + +Como `needy` é um parâmetro obrigatório, você precisaria defini-lo na URL: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item?needy=sooooneedy +``` + +...isso deve funcionar: + +```JSON +{ + "item_id": "foo-item", + "needy": "sooooneedy" +} +``` + +E claro, você pode definir alguns parâmetros como obrigatórios, alguns possuindo um valor padrão, e outros sendo totalmente opcionais: + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006_py310.py!} + ``` +Nesse caso, existem 3 parâmetros de consulta: + +* `needy`, um `str` obrigatório. +* `skip`, um `int` com o valor padrão `0`. +* `limit`, um `int` opcional. + +!!! tip "Dica" + Você também poderia usar `Enum` da mesma forma que com [Path Parameters](path-params.md#predefined-values){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6c1b0e75 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +# Dados do formulário + +Quando você precisar receber campos de formulário ao invés de JSON, você pode usar `Form`. + +!!! info "Informação" + Para usar formulários, primeiro instale `python-multipart`. + + Ex: `pip install python-multipart`. + +## Importe `Form` + +Importe `Form` de `fastapi`: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Declare parâmetros de `Form` + +Crie parâmetros de formulário da mesma forma que você faria para `Body` ou `Query`: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Por exemplo, em uma das maneiras que a especificação OAuth2 pode ser usada (chamada "fluxo de senha"), é necessário enviar um `username` e uma `password` como campos do formulário. + +A spec exige que os campos sejam exatamente nomeados como `username` e `password` e sejam enviados como campos de formulário, não JSON. + +Com `Form` você pode declarar os mesmos metadados e validação que com `Body` (e `Query`, `Path`, `Cookie`). + +!!! info "Informação" + `Form` é uma classe que herda diretamente de `Body`. + +!!! tip "Dica" + Para declarar corpos de formulário, você precisa usar `Form` explicitamente, porque sem ele os parâmetros seriam interpretados como parâmetros de consulta ou parâmetros de corpo (JSON). + +## Sobre "Campos de formulário" + +A forma como os formulários HTML (`
`) enviam os dados para o servidor normalmente usa uma codificação "especial" para esses dados, é diferente do JSON. + +O **FastAPI** fará a leitura desses dados no lugar certo em vez de JSON. + +!!! note "Detalhes técnicos" + Os dados dos formulários são normalmente codificados usando o "tipo de mídia" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`. + + Mas quando o formulário inclui arquivos, ele é codificado como `multipart/form-data`. Você lerá sobre como lidar com arquivos no próximo capítulo. + + Se você quiser ler mais sobre essas codificações e campos de formulário, vá para o MDN web docs para POST. + +!!! warning "Aviso" + Você pode declarar vários parâmetros `Form` em uma *operação de caminho*, mas não pode declarar campos `Body` que espera receber como JSON, pois a solicitação terá o corpo codificado usando `application/x-www- form-urlencoded` em vez de `application/json`. + + Esta não é uma limitação do **FastAPI**, é parte do protocolo HTTP. + +## Recapitulando + +Use `Form` para declarar os parâmetros de entrada de dados de formulário. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2df17d4ea --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +# Código de status de resposta + +Da mesma forma que você pode especificar um modelo de resposta, você também pode declarar o código de status HTTP usado para a resposta com o parâmetro `status_code` em qualquer uma das *operações de caminho*: + +* `@app.get()` +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` +* etc. + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "Nota" + Observe que `status_code` é um parâmetro do método "decorador" (get, post, etc). Não da sua função de *operação de caminho*, como todos os parâmetros e corpo. + +O parâmetro `status_code` recebe um número com o código de status HTTP. + +!!! info "Informação" + `status_code` também pode receber um `IntEnum`, como o do Python `http.HTTPStatus`. + +Dessa forma: + +* Este código de status será retornado na resposta. +* Será documentado como tal no esquema OpenAPI (e, portanto, nas interfaces do usuário): + + + +!!! note "Nota" + Alguns códigos de resposta (consulte a próxima seção) indicam que a resposta não possui um corpo. + + O FastAPI sabe disso e produzirá documentos OpenAPI informando que não há corpo de resposta. + +## Sobre os códigos de status HTTP + +!!! note "Nota" + Se você já sabe o que são códigos de status HTTP, pule para a próxima seção. + +Em HTTP, você envia um código de status numérico de 3 dígitos como parte da resposta. + +Esses códigos de status têm um nome associado para reconhecê-los, mas o importante é o número. + +Resumidamente: + + +* `100` e acima são para "Informações". Você raramente os usa diretamente. As respostas com esses códigos de status não podem ter um corpo. +* **`200`** e acima são para respostas "Bem-sucedidas". Estes são os que você mais usaria. + * `200` é o código de status padrão, o que significa que tudo estava "OK". + * Outro exemplo seria `201`, "Criado". É comumente usado após a criação de um novo registro no banco de dados. + * Um caso especial é `204`, "Sem Conteúdo". Essa resposta é usada quando não há conteúdo para retornar ao cliente e, portanto, a resposta não deve ter um corpo. +* **`300`** e acima são para "Redirecionamento". As respostas com esses códigos de status podem ou não ter um corpo, exceto `304`, "Não modificado", que não deve ter um. +* **`400`** e acima são para respostas de "Erro do cliente". Este é o segundo tipo que você provavelmente mais usaria. + * Um exemplo é `404`, para uma resposta "Não encontrado". + * Para erros genéricos do cliente, você pode usar apenas `400`. +* `500` e acima são para erros do servidor. Você quase nunca os usa diretamente. Quando algo der errado em alguma parte do código do seu aplicativo ou servidor, ele retornará automaticamente um desses códigos de status. + +!!! tip "Dica" + Para saber mais sobre cada código de status e qual código serve para quê, verifique o MDN documentação sobre códigos de status HTTP. + +## Atalho para lembrar os nomes + +Vamos ver o exemplo anterior novamente: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`201` é o código de status para "Criado". + +Mas você não precisa memorizar o que cada um desses códigos significa. + +Você pode usar as variáveis de conveniência de `fastapi.status`. + +```Python hl_lines="1 6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Eles são apenas uma conveniência, eles possuem o mesmo número, mas dessa forma você pode usar o autocomplete do editor para encontrá-los: + + + +!!! note "Detalhes técnicos" + Você também pode usar `from starlette import status`. + + **FastAPI** fornece o mesmo `starlette.status` como `fastapi.status` apenas como uma conveniência para você, o desenvolvedor. Mas vem diretamente da Starlette. + + +## Alterando o padrão + +Mais tarde, no [Guia do usuário avançado](../advanced/response-change-status-code.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, você verá como retornar um código de status diferente do padrão que você está declarando aqui. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ed07d1c96 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ +# Segurança - Primeiros Passos + +Vamos imaginar que você tem a sua API **backend** em algum domínio. + +E você tem um **frontend** em outro domínio ou em um path diferente no mesmo domínio (ou em uma aplicação mobile). + +E você quer uma maneira de o frontend autenticar o backend, usando um **username** e **senha**. + +Nós podemos usar o **OAuth2** junto com o **FastAPI**. + +Mas, vamos poupar-lhe o tempo de ler toda a especificação apenas para achar as pequenas informações que você precisa. + +Vamos usar as ferramentas fornecidas pela **FastAPI** para lidar com segurança. + +## Como Parece + +Vamos primeiro usar o código e ver como funciona, e depois voltaremos para entender o que está acontecendo. + +## Crie um `main.py` +Copie o exemplo em um arquivo `main.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Execute-o + +!!! informação + Primeiro, instale `python-multipart`. + + Ex: `pip install python-multipart`. + + Isso ocorre porque o **OAuth2** usa "dados de um formulário" para mandar o **username** e **senha**. + +Execute esse exemplo com: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +## Verifique-o + +Vá até a documentação interativa em: http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +Você verá algo deste tipo: + + + +!!! marque o "botão de Autorizar!" + Você já tem um novo "botão de autorizar!". + + E seu *path operation* tem um pequeno cadeado no canto superior direito que você pode clicar. + +E se você clicar, você terá um pequeno formulário de autorização para digitar o `username` e `senha` (e outros campos opcionais): + + + +!!! nota + Não importa o que você digita no formulário, não vai funcionar ainda. Mas nós vamos chegar lá. + +Claro que este não é o frontend para os usuários finais, mas é uma ótima ferramenta automática para documentar interativamente toda sua API. + +Pode ser usado pelo time de frontend (que pode ser você no caso). + +Pode ser usado por aplicações e sistemas third party (de terceiros). + +E também pode ser usada por você mesmo, para debugar, checar e testar a mesma aplicação. + +## O Fluxo da `senha` + +Agora vamos voltar um pouco e entender o que é isso tudo. + +O "fluxo" da `senha` é um dos caminhos ("fluxos") definidos no OAuth2, para lidar com a segurança e autenticação. + +OAuth2 foi projetado para que o backend ou a API pudesse ser independente do servidor que autentica o usuário. + +Mas nesse caso, a mesma aplicação **FastAPI** irá lidar com a API e a autenticação. + +Então, vamos rever de um ponto de vista simplificado: + +* O usuário digita o `username` e a `senha` no frontend e aperta `Enter`. +* O frontend (rodando no browser do usuário) manda o `username` e a `senha` para uma URL específica na sua API (declarada com `tokenUrl="token"`). +* A API checa aquele `username` e `senha`, e responde com um "token" (nós não implementamos nada disso ainda). + * Um "token" é apenas uma string com algum conteúdo que nós podemos utilizar mais tarde para verificar o usuário. + * Normalmente, um token é definido para expirar depois de um tempo. + * Então, o usuário terá que se logar de novo depois de um tempo. + * E se o token for roubado, o risco é menor. Não é como se fosse uma chave permanente que vai funcionar para sempre (na maioria dos casos). + * O frontend armazena aquele token temporariamente em algum lugar. + * O usuário clica no frontend para ir à outra seção daquele frontend do aplicativo web. + * O frontend precisa buscar mais dados daquela API. + * Mas precisa de autenticação para aquele endpoint em específico. + * Então, para autenticar com nossa API, ele manda um header de `Autorização` com o valor `Bearer` mais o token. + * Se o token contém `foobar`, o conteúdo do header de `Autorização` será: `Bearer foobar`. + +## **FastAPI**'s `OAuth2PasswordBearer` + +**FastAPI** fornece várias ferramentas, em diferentes níveis de abstração, para implementar esses recursos de segurança. + +Neste exemplo, nós vamos usar o **OAuth2** com o fluxo de **Senha**, usando um token **Bearer**. Fazemos isso usando a classe `OAuth2PasswordBearer`. + +!!! informação + Um token "bearer" não é a única opção. + + Mas é a melhor no nosso caso. + + E talvez seja a melhor para a maioria dos casos, a não ser que você seja um especialista em OAuth2 e saiba exatamente o porquê de existir outras opções que se adequam melhor às suas necessidades. + + Nesse caso, **FastAPI** também fornece as ferramentas para construir. + +Quando nós criamos uma instância da classe `OAuth2PasswordBearer`, nós passamos pelo parâmetro `tokenUrl` Esse parâmetro contém a URL que o client (o frontend rodando no browser do usuário) vai usar para mandar o `username` e `senha` para obter um token. + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! dica + Esse `tokenUrl="token"` se refere a uma URL relativa que nós não criamos ainda. Como é uma URL relativa, é equivalente a `./token`. + + Porque estamos usando uma URL relativa, se sua API estava localizada em `https://example.com/`, então irá referir-se à `https://example.com/token`. Mas se sua API estava localizada em `https://example.com/api/v1/`, então irá referir-se à `https://example.com/api/v1/token`. + + Usar uma URL relativa é importante para garantir que sua aplicação continue funcionando, mesmo em um uso avançado tipo [Atrás de um Proxy](../../advanced/behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Esse parâmetro não cria um endpoint / *path operation*, mas declara que a URL `/token` vai ser aquela que o client deve usar para obter o token. Essa informação é usada no OpenAPI, e depois na API Interativa de documentação de sistemas. + +Em breve também criaremos o atual path operation. + +!!! informação + Se você é um "Pythonista" muito rigoroso, você pode não gostar do estilo do nome do parâmetro `tokenUrl` em vez de `token_url`. + + Isso ocorre porque está utilizando o mesmo nome que está nas especificações do OpenAPI. Então, se você precisa investigar mais sobre qualquer um desses esquemas de segurança, você pode simplesmente copiar e colar para encontrar mais informações sobre isso. + +A variável `oauth2_scheme` é um instância de `OAuth2PasswordBearer`, mas também é um "callable". + +Pode ser chamada de: + +```Python +oauth2_scheme(some, parameters) +``` + +Então, pode ser usado com `Depends`. + +## Use-o + +Agora você pode passar aquele `oauth2_scheme` em uma dependência com `Depends`. + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Esse dependência vai fornecer uma `str` que é atribuído ao parâmetro `token da *função do path operation* + +A **FastAPI** saberá que pode usar essa dependência para definir um "esquema de segurança" no esquema da OpenAPI (e na documentação da API automática). + +!!! informação "Detalhes técnicos" + **FastAPI** saberá que pode usar a classe `OAuth2PasswordBearer` (declarada na dependência) para definir o esquema de segurança na OpenAPI porque herda de `fastapi.security.oauth2.OAuth2`, que por sua vez herda de `fastapi.security.base.Securitybase`. + + Todos os utilitários de segurança que se integram com OpenAPI (e na documentação da API automática) herdam de `SecurityBase`, é assim que **FastAPI** pode saber como integrá-los no OpenAPI. + +## O que ele faz + +Ele irá e olhará na requisição para aquele header de `Autorização`, verificará se o valor é `Bearer` mais algum token, e vai retornar o token como uma `str` + +Se ele não ver o header de `Autorização` ou o valor não tem um token `Bearer`, vai responder com um código de erro 401 (`UNAUTHORIZED`) diretamente. + +Você nem precisa verificar se o token existe para retornar um erro. Você pode ter certeza de que se a sua função for executada, ela terá um `str` nesse token. + +Você já pode experimentar na documentação interativa: + + + +Não estamos verificando a validade do token ainda, mas isso já é um começo + +## Recapitulando + +Então, em apenas 3 ou 4 linhas extras, você já tem alguma forma primitiva de segurança. diff --git a/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml b/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml index fb95bfe29..3c50cc5f8 100644 --- a/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml @@ -64,13 +64,21 @@ nav: - tutorial/index.md - tutorial/first-steps.md - tutorial/path-params.md + - tutorial/query-params.md - tutorial/body.md + - tutorial/body-multiple-params.md - tutorial/body-fields.md - tutorial/extra-data-types.md - tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md + - tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md - tutorial/cookie-params.md + - tutorial/header-params.md + - tutorial/response-status-code.md + - tutorial/request-forms.md + - tutorial/handling-errors.md - Segurança: - tutorial/security/index.md + - tutorial/background-tasks.md - Guia de Usuário Avançado: - advanced/index.md - Implantação: @@ -100,6 +108,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/deployment/index.md b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4dc4e482e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Развёртывание - Введение + +Развернуть приложение **FastAPI** довольно просто. + +## Да что такое это ваше - "развёртывание"?! + +Термин **развёртывание** (приложения) означает выполнение необходимых шагов, чтобы сделать приложение **доступным для пользователей**. + +Обычно **веб-приложения** размещают на удалённом компьютере с серверной программой, которая обеспечивает хорошую производительность, стабильность и т. д., Чтобы ваши пользователи могли эффективно, беспрерывно и беспроблемно обращаться к приложению. + +Это отличется от **разработки**, когда вы постоянно меняете код, делаете в нём намеренные ошибки и исправляете их, останавливаете и перезапускаете сервер разработки и т. д. + +## Стратегии развёртывания + +В зависимости от вашего конкретного случая, есть несколько способов сделать это. + +Вы можете **развернуть сервер** самостоятельно, используя различные инструменты. Например, можно использовать **облачный сервис**, который выполнит часть работы за вас. Также возможны и другие варианты. + +В этом блоке я покажу вам некоторые из основных концепций, которые вы, вероятно, должны иметь в виду при развертывании приложения **FastAPI** (хотя большинство из них применимо к любому другому типу веб-приложений). + +В последующих разделах вы узнаете больше деталей и методов, необходимых для этого. ✨ diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/deployment/versions.md b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/versions.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91b9038e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/versions.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +# О версиях FastAPI + +**FastAPI** уже используется в продакшене во многих приложениях и системах. Покрытие тестами поддерживается на уровне 100%. Однако его разработка все еще продолжается. + +Часто добавляются новые функции, регулярно исправляются баги, код продолжает постоянно совершенствоваться. + +По указанным причинам текущие версии до сих пор `0.x.x`. Это говорит о том, что каждая версия может содержать обратно несовместимые изменения, следуя соглашению о Семантическом Версионировании. + +Уже сейчас вы можете создавать приложения в продакшене, используя **FastAPI** (и скорее всего так и делаете), главное убедиться в том, что вы используете версию, которая корректно работает с вашим кодом. + +## Закрепите вашу версию `fastapi` + +Первым делом вам следует "закрепить" конкретную последнюю используемую версию **FastAPI**, которая корректно работает с вашим приложением. + +Например, в своём приложении вы используете версию `0.45.0`. + +Если вы используете файл `requirements.txt`, вы можете указать версию следующим способом: + +```txt +fastapi==0.45.0 +``` + +это означает, что вы будете использовать именно версию `0.45.0`. + +Или вы можете закрепить версию следующим способом: + +```txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +``` + +это значит, что вы используете версии `0.45.0` или выше, но меньше чем `0.46.0`. Например, версия `0.45.2` все еще будет подходить. + +Если вы используете любой другой инструмент для управления зависимостями, например Poetry, Pipenv или др., у них у всех имеется способ определения специфической версии для ваших пакетов. + +## Доступные версии + +Вы можете посмотреть доступные версии (например, проверить последнюю на данный момент) в [примечаниях к выпуску](../release-notes.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## О версиях + +Следуя соглашению о Семантическом Версионировании, любые версии ниже `1.0.0` потенциально могут добавить обратно несовместимые изменения. + +FastAPI следует соглашению в том, что любые изменения "ПАТЧ"-версии предназначены для исправления багов и внесения обратно совместимых изменений. + +!!! Подсказка + "ПАТЧ" - это последнее число. Например, в `0.2.3`, ПАТЧ-версия - это `3`. + +Итак, вы можете закрепить версию следующим образом: + +```txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +``` + +Обратно несовместимые изменения и новые функции добавляются в "МИНОРНЫЕ" версии. + +!!! Подсказка + "МИНОРНАЯ" версия - это число в середине. Например, в `0.2.3` МИНОРНАЯ версия - это `2`. + +## Обновление версий FastAPI + +Вам следует добавить тесты для вашего приложения. + +С помощью **FastAPI** это очень просто (благодаря Starlette), см. документацию: [Тестирование](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} + +После создания тестов вы можете обновить свою версию **FastAPI** до более новой. После этого следует убедиться, что ваш код работает корректно, запустив тесты. + +Если все работает корректно, или после внесения необходимых изменений все ваши тесты проходят, только тогда вы можете закрепить вашу новую версию `fastapi`. + +## О Starlette + +Не следует закреплять версию `starlette`. + +Разные версии **FastAPI** будут использовать более новые версии Starlette. + +Так что решение об используемой версии Starlette, вы можете оставить **FastAPI**. + +## О Pydantic + +Pydantic включает свои собственные тесты для **FastAPI**, так что новые версии Pydantic (выше `1.0.0`) всегда совместимы с FastAPI. + +Вы можете закрепить любую версию Pydantic, которая вам подходит, выше `1.0.0` и ниже `2.0.0`. + +Например: + +```txt +pydantic>=1.2.0,<2.0.0 +``` diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/features.md b/docs/ru/docs/features.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0cec4eee2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/features.md @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ +# Основные свойства + +## Основные свойства FastAPI + +**FastAPI** предлагает вам следующее: + +### Использование открытых стандартов + +* OpenAPI для создания API, включая объявления операций пути, параметров, тела запроса, безопасности и т.д. + + +* Автоматическое документирование моделей данных в соответствии с JSON Schema (так как спецификация OpenAPI сама основана на JSON Schema). +* Разработан, придерживаясь этих стандартов, после тщательного их изучения. Эти стандарты изначально включены во фреймфорк, а не являются дополнительной надстройкой. +* Это также позволяет использовать автоматическую **генерацию клиентского кода** на многих языках. + +### Автоматически генерируемая документация + +Интерактивная документация для API и исследования пользовательских веб-интерфейсов. Поскольку этот фреймворк основан на OpenAPI, существует несколько вариантов документирования, 2 из которых включены по умолчанию. + +* Swagger UI, с интерактивным взаимодействием, вызывает и тестирует ваш API прямо из браузера. + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +* Альтернативная документация API в ReDoc. + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### Только современный Python + +Все эти возможности основаны на стандартных **аннотациях типов Python 3.6** (благодаря Pydantic). Не нужно изучать новый синтаксис. Только лишь стандартный современный Python. + +Если вам нужно освежить знания, как использовать аннотации типов в Python (даже если вы не используете FastAPI), выделите 2 минуты и просмотрите краткое руководство: [Введение в аннотации типов Python¶ +](python-types.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Вы пишете на стандартном Python с аннотациями типов: + +```Python +from datetime import date + +from pydantic import BaseModel + +# Объявляем параметр user_id с типом `str` +# и получаем поддержку редактора внутри функции +def main(user_id: str): + return user_id + + +# Модель Pydantic +class User(BaseModel): + id: int + name: str + joined: date +``` + +Это можно использовать так: + +```Python +my_user: User = User(id=3, name="John Doe", joined="2018-07-19") + +second_user_data = { + "id": 4, + "name": "Mary", + "joined": "2018-11-30", +} + +my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data) +``` + +!!! Информация + `**second_user_data` означает: + + Передать ключи и значения словаря `second_user_data`, в качестве аргументов типа "ключ-значение", это эквивалентно: `User(id=4, name="Mary", joined="2018-11-30")` . + +### Поддержка редакторов (IDE) + +Весь фреймворк был продуман так, чтобы быть простым и интуитивно понятным в использовании, все решения были проверены на множестве редакторов еще до начала разработки, чтобы обеспечить наилучшие условия при написании кода. + +В опросе Python-разработчиков было выяснено, что наиболее часто используемой функцией редакторов, является "автодополнение". + +Вся структура **FastAPI** основана на удовлетворении этой возможности. Автодополнение работает везде. + +Вам редко нужно будет возвращаться к документации. + +Вот как ваш редактор может вам помочь: + +* в Visual Studio Code: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +* в PyCharm: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/pycharm-completion.png) + +Вы будете получать автодополнение кода даже там, где вы считали это невозможным раньше. +Как пример, ключ `price` внутри тела JSON (который может быть вложенным), приходящего в запросе. + +Больше никаких неправильных имён ключей, метания по документации или прокручивания кода вверх и вниз, в попытках узнать - использовали вы ранее `username` или `user_name`. + +### Краткость +FastAPI имеет продуманные значения **по умолчанию** для всего, с произвольными настройками везде. Все параметры могут быть тонко подстроены так, чтобы делать то, что вам нужно и определять необходимый вам API. + +Но, по умолчанию, всё это **"и так работает"**. + +### Проверка значений + +* Проверка значений для большинства (или всех?) **типов данных** Python, включая: + * Объекты JSON (`dict`). + * Массивы JSON (`list`) с установленными типами элементов. + * Строковые (`str`) поля с ограничением минимальной и максимальной длины. + * Числа (`int`, `float`) с минимальными и максимальными значениями и т.п. + +* Проверка для более экзотических типов, таких как: + * URL. + * Email. + * UUID. + * ...и другие. + +Все проверки обрабатываются хорошо зарекомендовавшим себя и надежным **Pydantic**. + +### Безопасность и аутентификация + +Встроеные функции безопасности и аутентификации. Без каких-либо компромиссов с базами данных или моделями данных. + +Все схемы безопасности, определённые в OpenAPI, включая: + +* HTTP Basic. +* **OAuth2** (также с **токенами JWT**). Ознакомьтесь с руководством [OAuth2 с JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* Ключи API в: + * Заголовках. + * Параметрах запросов. + * Cookies и т.п. + +Вдобавок все функции безопасности от Starlette (включая **сессионные cookies**). + +Все инструменты и компоненты спроектированы для многократного использования и легко интегрируются с вашими системами, хранилищами данных, реляционными и NoSQL базами данных и т. д. + +### Внедрение зависимостей + +FastAPI включает в себя чрезвычайно простую в использовании, но чрезвычайно мощную систему Внедрения зависимостей. + +* Даже зависимости могут иметь зависимости, создавая иерархию или **"графы" зависимостей**. +* Всё **автоматически обрабатывается** фреймворком. +* Все зависимости могут запрашивать данные из запросов и **дополнять операции пути** ограничениями и автоматической документацией. +* **Автоматическая проверка** даже для параметров *операций пути*, определенных в зависимостях. +* Поддержка сложных систем аутентификации пользователей, **соединений с базами данных** и т.д. +* **Никаких компромиссов** с базами данных, интерфейсами и т.д. Но легкая интеграция со всеми ними. + +### Нет ограничений на "Плагины" + +Или, другими словами, нет сложностей с ними, импортируйте и используйте нужный вам код. + +Любая интеграция разработана настолько простой в использовании (с зависимостями), что вы можете создать "плагин" для своего приложения в пару строк кода, используя ту же структуру и синтаксис, что и для ваших *операций пути*. + +### Проверен + +* 100% покрытие тестами. +* 100% аннотирование типов в кодовой базе. +* Используется в реально работающих приложениях. + +## Основные свойства Starlette + +**FastAPI** основан на Starlette и полностью совместим с ним. Так что, любой дополнительный код Starlette, который у вас есть, будет также работать. + +На самом деле, `FastAPI` - это класс, унаследованный от `Starlette`. Таким образом, если вы уже знаете или используете Starlette, большая часть функционала будет работать так же. + +С **FastAPI** вы получаете все возможности **Starlette** (так как FastAPI это всего лишь Starlette на стероидах): + +* Серьёзно впечатляющая производительность. Это один из самых быстрых фреймворков на Python, наравне с приложениями использующими **NodeJS** или **Go**. +* Поддержка **WebSocket**. +* Фоновые задачи для процессов. +* События запуска и выключения. +* Тестовый клиент построен на библиотеке `requests`. +* **CORS**, GZip, статические файлы, потоковые ответы. +* Поддержка **сессий и cookie**. +* 100% покрытие тестами. +* 100% аннотирование типов в кодовой базе. + +## Особенности и возможности Pydantic + +**FastAPI** основан на Pydantic и полностью совместим с ним. Так что, любой дополнительный код Pydantic, который у вас есть, будет также работать. + +Включая внешние библиотеки, также основанные на Pydantic, такие как: ORM'ы, ODM'ы для баз данных. + +Это также означает, что во многих случаях вы можете передавать тот же объект, который получили из запроса, **непосредственно в базу данных**, так как всё проверяется автоматически. + +И наоборот, во многих случаях вы можете просто передать объект, полученный из базы данных, **непосредственно клиенту**. + +С **FastAPI** вы получаете все возможности **Pydantic** (так как, FastAPI основан на Pydantic, для обработки данных): + +* **Никакой нервотрёпки** : + * Не нужно изучать новых схем в микроязыках. + * Если вы знаете аннотации типов в Python, вы знаете, как использовать Pydantic. +* Прекрасно сочетается с вашими **IDE/linter/мозгом**: + * Потому что структуры данных pydantic - это всего лишь экземпляры классов, определённых вами. Автодополнение, проверка кода, mypy и ваша интуиция - всё будет работать с вашими проверенными данными. +* **Быстродействие**: + * В тестовых замерах Pydantic быстрее, чем все другие проверенные библиотеки. +* Проверка **сложных структур**: + * Использование иерархических моделей Pydantic; `List`, `Dict` и т.п. из модуля `typing` (входит в стандартную библиотеку Python). + * Валидаторы позволяют четко и легко определять, проверять и документировать сложные схемы данных в виде JSON Schema. + * У вас могут быть глубоко **вложенные объекты JSON** и все они будут проверены и аннотированы. +* **Расширяемость**: + * Pydantic позволяет определять пользовательские типы данных или расширять проверку методами модели, с помощью проверочных декораторов. +* 100% покрытие тестами. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/index.md b/docs/ru/docs/index.md index 9a3957d5f..24f547ecc 100644 --- a/docs/ru/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/ru/docs/index.md @@ -1,50 +1,48 @@ - -{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!} - -

FastAPI

- FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production + Готовый к внедрению высокопроизводительный фреймворк, простой в изучении и разработке.

- - Build Status + + Test - Coverage + Coverage - Package version + Package version + + + Supported Python versions

--- -**Documentation**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com +**Документация**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com -**Source Code**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi +**Исходный код**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi --- -FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. - -The key features are: +FastAPI — это современный, быстрый (высокопроизводительный) веб-фреймворк для создания API используя Python 3.6+, в основе которого лежит стандартная аннотация типов Python. -* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). +Ключевые особенности: -* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * -* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * -* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. -* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs. -* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs. -* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation. -* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: OpenAPI (previously known as Swagger) and JSON Schema. +* **Скорость**: Очень высокая производительность, на уровне **NodeJS** и **Go** (благодаря Starlette и Pydantic). [Один из самых быстрых фреймворков Python](#_10). +* **Быстрота разработки**: Увеличьте скорость разработки примерно на 200–300%. * +* **Меньше ошибок**: Сократите примерно на 40% количество ошибок, вызванных человеком (разработчиком). * +* **Интуитивно понятный**: Отличная поддержка редактора. Автозавершение везде. Меньше времени на отладку. +* **Лёгкость**: Разработан так, чтобы его было легко использовать и осваивать. Меньше времени на чтение документации. +* **Краткость**: Сведите к минимуму дублирование кода. Каждый объявленный параметр - определяет несколько функций. Меньше ошибок. +* **Надежность**: Получите готовый к работе код. С автоматической интерактивной документацией. +* **На основе стандартов**: Основан на открытых стандартах API и полностью совместим с ними: OpenAPI (ранее известном как Swagger) и JSON Schema. -* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications. +* оценка на основе тестов внутренней команды разработчиков, создающих производственные приложения. -## Sponsors +## Спонсоры @@ -59,66 +57,66 @@ The key features are: -Other sponsors +Другие спонсоры -## Opinions +## Отзывы -"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._" +"_В последнее время я много где использую **FastAPI**. [...] На самом деле я планирую использовать его для всех **сервисов машинного обучения моей команды в Microsoft**. Некоторые из них интегрируются в основной продукт **Windows**, а некоторые — в продукты **Office**._"
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
--- -"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_" +"_Мы использовали библиотеку **FastAPI** для создания сервера **REST**, к которому можно делать запросы для получения **прогнозов**. [для Ludwig]_"
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
--- -"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_" +"_**Netflix** рада объявить о выпуске опенсорсного фреймворка для оркестровки **антикризисного управления**: **Dispatch**! [создана с помощью **FastAPI**]_"
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
--- -"_I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!_" +"_Я в полном восторге от **FastAPI**. Это так весело!_"
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
--- -"_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._" +"_Честно говоря, то, что вы создали, выглядит очень солидно и отполировано. Во многих смыслах я хотел, чтобы **Hug** был именно таким — это действительно вдохновляет, когда кто-то создаёт такое._"
Timothy Crosley - Hug creator (ref)
--- -"_If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]_" +"_Если вы хотите изучить какой-нибудь **современный фреймворк** для создания REST API, ознакомьтесь с **FastAPI** [...] Он быстрый, лёгкий и простой в изучении [...]_" -"_We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]_" +"_Мы перешли на **FastAPI** для наших **API** [...] Я думаю, вам тоже понравится [...]_"
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI founders - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref)
--- -## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs +## **Typer**, интерфейс командной строки для FastAPI -If you are building a CLI app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out **Typer**. +Если вы создаете приложение CLI для использования в терминале вместо веб-API, ознакомьтесь с **Typer**. -**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀 +**Typer** — младший брат FastAPI. И он предназначен для использования в качестве **интерфейса командной строки для FastAPI**. ⌨️ 🚀 -## Requirements +## Зависимости -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.7+ -FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: +FastAPI стоит на плечах гигантов: -* Starlette for the web parts. -* Pydantic for the data parts. +* Starlette для части связанной с вебом. +* Pydantic для части связанной с данными. -## Installation +## Установка
@@ -130,23 +128,23 @@ $ pip install fastapi
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. +Вам также понадобится сервер ASGI для производства, такой как Uvicorn или Hypercorn.
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ```
-## Example +## Пример -### Create it +### Создание -* Create a file `main.py` with: +* Создайте файл `main.py` со следующим содержимым: ```Python from typing import Union @@ -167,9 +165,9 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): ```
-Or use async def... +Или используйте async def... -If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`: +Если ваш код использует `async` / `await`, используйте `async def`: ```Python hl_lines="9 14" from typing import Union @@ -189,15 +187,15 @@ async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` -**Note**: +**Примечание**: -If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about `async` and `await` in the docs. +Если вы не знаете, проверьте раздел _"Торопитесь?"_ в документации об `async` и `await`.
-### Run it +### Запуск -Run the server with: +Запустите сервер с помощью:
@@ -214,54 +212,54 @@ INFO: Application startup complete.
-About the command uvicorn main:app --reload... +О команде uvicorn main:app --reload... -The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to: +Команда `uvicorn main:app` относится к: -* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module"). -* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`. -* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development. +* `main`: файл `main.py` (модуль Python). +* `app`: объект, созданный внутри `main.py` с помощью строки `app = FastAPI()`. +* `--reload`: перезапуск сервера после изменения кода. Делайте это только во время разработки.
-### Check it +### Проверка -Open your browser at http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. +Откройте браузер на http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. -You will see the JSON response as: +Вы увидите следующий JSON ответ: ```JSON {"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} ``` -You already created an API that: +Вы уже создали API, который: -* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`. -* Both _paths_ take `GET` operations (also known as HTTP _methods_). -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`. -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`. +* Получает HTTP-запросы по _путям_ `/` и `/items/{item_id}`. +* И первый и второй _путь_ используют `GET` операции (также известные как HTTP _методы_). +* _путь_ `/items/{item_id}` имеет _параметр пути_ `item_id`, который должен быть `int`. +* _путь_ `/items/{item_id}` имеет необязательный `str` _параметр запроса_ `q`. -### Interactive API docs +### Интерактивная документация по API -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. +Перейдите на http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. -You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by Swagger UI): +Вы увидите автоматическую интерактивную документацию API (предоставленную Swagger UI): ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) -### Alternative API docs +### Альтернативная документация по API -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. +А теперь перейдите на http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. -You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by ReDoc): +Вы увидите альтернативную автоматическую документацию (предоставленную ReDoc): ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) -## Example upgrade +## Пример обновления -Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request. +Теперь измените файл `main.py`, чтобы получить тело ответа из `PUT` запроса. -Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic. +Объявите тело, используя стандартную типизацию Python, спасибо Pydantic. ```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" from typing import Union @@ -293,174 +291,173 @@ def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ``` -The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above). +Сервер должен перезагрузиться автоматически (потому что вы добавили `--reload` к команде `uvicorn` выше). -### Interactive API docs upgrade +### Интерактивное обновление документации API -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. +Перейдите на http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. -* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body: +* Интерактивная документация API будет автоматически обновляться, включая новое тело: ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) -* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API: +* Нажмите на кнопку "Try it out", это позволит вам заполнить параметры и напрямую взаимодействовать с API: ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) -* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen: +* Затем нажмите кнопку "Execute", пользовательский интерфейс свяжется с вашим API, отправит параметры, получит результаты и отобразит их на экране: ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) -### Alternative API docs upgrade +### Альтернативное обновление документации API -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. +А теперь перейдите на http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. -* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body: +* Альтернативная документация также будет отражать новый параметр и тело запроса: ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) -### Recap +### Подведём итоги -In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters. +Таким образом, вы объявляете **один раз** типы параметров, тело и т. д. в качестве параметров функции. -You do that with standard modern Python types. +Вы делаете это испльзуя стандартную современную типизацию Python. -You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. +Вам не нужно изучать новый синтаксис, методы или классы конкретной библиотеки и т. д. -Just standard **Python 3.6+**. +Только стандартный **Python 3.6+**. -For example, for an `int`: +Например, для `int`: ```Python item_id: int ``` -or for a more complex `Item` model: +или для более сложной модели `Item`: ```Python item: Item ``` -...and with that single declaration you get: +... и с этим единственным объявлением вы получаете: -* Editor support, including: - * Completion. - * Type checks. -* Validation of data: - * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid. - * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Conversion of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from: +* Поддержка редактора, в том числе: + * Автозавершение. + * Проверка типов. +* Валидация данных: + * Автоматические и четкие ошибки, когда данные недействительны. + * Проверка даже для глубоко вложенных объектов JSON. +* Преобразование входных данных: поступающие из сети в объекты Python с соблюдением типов. Чтение из: * JSON. - * Path parameters. - * Query parameters. + * Параметров пути. + * Параметров запроса. * Cookies. - * Headers. - * Forms. - * Files. -* Conversion of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON): - * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc). - * `datetime` objects. - * `UUID` objects. - * Database models. - * ...and many more. -* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces: + * Заголовков. + * Форм. + * Файлов. +* Преобразование выходных данных: преобразование объектов Python в данные передаваемые по сети интернет (такие как JSON): + * Преобразование типов Python (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, и т.д.). + * Объекты `datetime`. + * Объекты `UUID`. + * Модели баз данных. + * ...и многое другое. +* Автоматическая интерактивная документация по API, включая 2 альтернативных пользовательских интерфейса: * Swagger UI. * ReDoc. --- -Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will: - -* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests. -* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests. - * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error. -* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests. - * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional. - * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`). -* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON: - * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`. - * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`. - * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present. - * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Convert from and to JSON automatically. -* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by: - * Interactive documentation systems. - * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages. -* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly. +Возвращаясь к предыдущему примеру кода, **FastAPI** будет: + +* Проверять наличие `item_id` в пути для запросов `GET` и `PUT`. +* Проверять, что `item_id` имеет тип `int` для запросов `GET` и `PUT`. + * Если это не так, клиент увидит полезную чёткую ошибку. +* Проверять, есть ли необязательный параметр запроса с именем `q` (например, `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) для `GET` запросов. + * Поскольку параметр `q` объявлен с `= None`, он является необязательным. + * Без `None` он был бы необходим (как тело в случае с `PUT`). +* Для `PUT` запросов к `/items/{item_id}` читать тело как JSON: + * Проверять, что у него есть обязательный атрибут `name`, который должен быть `str`. + * Проверять, что у него есть обязательный атрибут `price`, который должен быть `float`. + * Проверять, что у него есть необязательный атрибут `is_offer`, который должен быть `bool`, если он присутствует. + * Все это также будет работать для глубоко вложенных объектов JSON. +* Преобразовывать из и в JSON автоматически. +* Документировать с помощью OpenAPI все, что может быть использовано: + * Системы интерактивной документации. + * Системы автоматической генерации клиентского кода для многих языков. +* Обеспечит 2 интерактивных веб-интерфейса документации напрямую. --- -We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works. +Мы только немного копнули поверхность, но вы уже поняли, как все это работает. -Try changing the line with: +Попробуйте изменить строку с помощью: ```Python return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ``` -...from: +...из: ```Python ... "item_name": item.name ... ``` -...to: +...в: ```Python ... "item_price": item.price ... ``` -...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types: +... и посмотрите, как ваш редактор будет автоматически заполнять атрибуты и узнавать их типы: ![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) -For a more complete example including more features, see the Tutorial - User Guide. +Более полный пример с дополнительными функциями см. в Учебное руководство - Руководство пользователя. -**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes: +**Осторожно, спойлер**: руководство пользователя включает в себя: -* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**. -* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`. -* A very powerful and easy to use **Dependency Injection** system. -* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth. -* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic). -* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: - * **WebSockets** - * **GraphQL** - * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` +* Объявление **параметров** из других мест, таких как: **заголовки**, **cookies**, **поля формы** и **файлы**. +* Как установить **ограничительные проверки** такие как `maximum_length` или `regex`. +* Очень мощная и простая в использовании система **внедрения зависимостей**. +* Безопасность и аутентификация, включая поддержку **OAuth2** с **токенами JWT** и **HTTP Basic** аутентификацию. +* Более продвинутые (но столь же простые) методы объявления **глубоко вложенных моделей JSON** (спасибо Pydantic). +* **GraphQL** интеграция с Strawberry и другими библиотеками. +* Множество дополнительных функций (благодаря Starlette), таких как: + * **Веб-сокеты** + * очень простые тесты на основе `requests` и `pytest` * **CORS** - * **Cookie Sessions** - * ...and more. + * **Cookie сеансы(сессии)** + * ...и многое другое. -## Performance +## Производительность -Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as one of the fastest Python frameworks available, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*) +Независимые тесты TechEmpower показывают приложения **FastAPI**, работающие под управлением Uvicorn, как один из самых быстрых доступных фреймворков Python, уступающий только самим Starlette и Uvicorn (используемых внутри FastAPI). (*) -To understand more about it, see the section Benchmarks. +Чтобы узнать больше об этом, см. раздел Тесты производительности. -## Optional Dependencies +## Необязательные зависимости -Used by Pydantic: +Используется Pydantic: -* ujson - for faster JSON "parsing". -* email_validator - for email validation. +* ujson - для более быстрого JSON "парсинга". +* email_validator - для проверки электронной почты. -Used by Starlette: +Используется Starlette: -* requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. -* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. -* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`. -* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. -* pyyaml - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI). -* graphene - Required for `GraphQLApp` support. -* ujson - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`. +* requests - Обязательно, если вы хотите использовать `TestClient`. +* jinja2 - Обязательно, если вы хотите использовать конфигурацию шаблона по умолчанию. +* python-multipart - Обязательно, если вы хотите поддерживать форму "парсинга" с помощью `request.form()`. +* itsdangerous - Обязательно, для поддержки `SessionMiddleware`. +* pyyaml - Обязательно, для поддержки `SchemaGenerator` Starlette (возможно, вам это не нужно с FastAPI). +* ujson - Обязательно, если вы хотите использовать `UJSONResponse`. -Used by FastAPI / Starlette: +Используется FastAPI / Starlette: -* uvicorn - for the server that loads and serves your application. -* orjson - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`. +* uvicorn - сервер, который загружает и обслуживает ваше приложение. +* orjson - Обязательно, если вы хотите использовать `ORJSONResponse`. -You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`. +Вы можете установить все это с помощью `pip install "fastapi[all]"`. -## License +## Лицензия -This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. +Этот проект распространяется на условиях лицензии MIT. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e608f6c8f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +# Фоновые задачи + +Вы можете создавать фоновые задачи, которые будут выполнятся *после* возвращения ответа сервером. + +Это может быть полезно для функций, которые должны выполниться после получения запроса, но ожидание их выполнения необязательно для пользователя. + +К примеру: + +* Отправка писем на почту после выполнения каких-либо действий: + * Т.к. соединение с почтовым сервером и отправка письма идут достаточно "долго" (несколько секунд), вы можете отправить ответ пользователю, а отправку письма выполнить в фоне. +* Обработка данных: + * К примеру, если вы получаете файл, который должен пройти через медленный процесс, вы можете отправить ответ "Accepted" (HTTP 202) и отправить работу с файлом в фон. + +## Использование класса `BackgroundTasks` + +Сначала импортируйте `BackgroundTasks`, потом добавьте в функцию параметр с типом `BackgroundTasks`: + +```Python hl_lines="1 13" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +**FastAPI** создаст объект класса `BackgroundTasks` для вас и запишет его в параметр. + +## Создание функции для фоновой задачи + +Создайте функцию, которую хотите запустить в фоне. + +Это совершенно обычная функция, которая может принимать параметры. + +Она может быть как асинхронной `async def`, так и обычной `def` функцией, **FastAPI** знает, как правильно ее выполнить. + +В нашем примере фоновая задача будет вести запись в файл (симулируя отправку письма). + +Так как операция записи не использует `async` и `await`, мы определим ее как обычную `def`: + +```Python hl_lines="6-9" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Добавление фоновой задачи + +Внутри функции вызовите метод `.add_task()` у объекта *background tasks* и передайте ему функцию, которую хотите выполнить в фоне: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`.add_task()` принимает следующие аргументы: + +* Функцию, которая будет выполнена в фоне (`write_notification`). Обратите внимание, что передается объект функции, без скобок. +* Любое упорядоченное количество аргументов, которые принимает функция (`email`). +* Любое количество именованных аргументов, которые принимает функция (`message="some notification"`). + +## Встраивание зависимостей + +Класс `BackgroundTasks` также работает с системой встраивания зависимостей, вы можете определить `BackgroundTasks` на разных уровнях: как параметр функции, как завимость, как подзависимость и так далее. + +**FastAPI** знает, что нужно сделать в каждом случае и как переиспользовать тот же объект `BackgroundTasks`, так чтобы все фоновые задачи собрались и запустились вместе в фоне: + +=== "Python 3.6 и выше" + + ```Python hl_lines="13 15 22 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 и выше" + + ```Python hl_lines="11 13 20 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +В этом примере сообщения будут записаны в `log.txt` *после* того, как ответ сервера был отправлен. + +Если бы в запросе была очередь `q`, она бы первой записалась в `log.txt` фоновой задачей (потому что вызывается в зависимости `get_query`). + +После другая фоновая задача, которая была сгенерирована в функции, запишет сообщение из параметра `email`. + +## Технические детали + +Класс `BackgroundTasks` основан на `starlette.background`. + +Он интегрирован в FastAPI, так что вы можете импортировать его прямо из `fastapi` и избежать случайного импорта `BackgroundTask` (без `s` на конце) из `starlette.background`. + +При использовании `BackgroundTasks` (а не `BackgroundTask`), вам достаточно только определить параметр функции с типом `BackgroundTasks` и **FastAPI** сделает все за вас, также как при использовании объекта `Request`. + +Вы все равно можете использовать `BackgroundTask` из `starlette` в FastAPI, но вам придется самостоятельно создавать объект фоновой задачи и вручную обработать `Response` внутри него. + +Вы можете подробнее изучить его в Официальной документации Starlette для BackgroundTasks. + +## Предостережение + +Если вам нужно выполнить тяжелые вычисления в фоне, которым необязательно быть запущенными в одном процессе с приложением **FastAPI** (к примеру, вам не нужны обрабатываемые переменные или вы не хотите делиться памятью процесса и т.д.), вы можете использовать более серьезные инструменты, такие как Celery. + +Их тяжелее настраивать, также им нужен брокер сообщений наподобие RabbitMQ или Redis, но зато они позволяют вам запускать фоновые задачи в нескольких процессах и даже на нескольких серверах. + +Для примера, посмотрите [Project Generators](../project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, там есть проект с уже настроенным Celery. + +Но если вам нужен доступ к общим переменным и объектам вашего **FastAPI** приложения или вам нужно выполнять простые фоновые задачи (наподобие отправки письма из примера) вы можете просто использовать `BackgroundTasks`. + +## Резюме + +Для создания фоновых задач вам необходимо импортировать `BackgroundTasks` и добавить его в функцию, как параметр с типом `BackgroundTasks`. diff --git a/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml b/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml index 2eb8eb935..f35ee968c 100644 --- a/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml @@ -58,7 +58,16 @@ nav: - tr: /tr/ - uk: /uk/ - zh: /zh/ +- features.md +- fastapi-people.md +- python-types.md +- Учебник - руководство пользователя: + - tutorial/background-tasks.md - async.md +- Развёртывание: + - deployment/index.md + - deployment/versions.md +- external-links.md markdown_extensions: - toc: permalink: true @@ -76,6 +85,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/sq/docs/index.md b/docs/sq/docs/index.md index 29f92e020..e799ff8d5 100644 --- a/docs/sq/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/sq/docs/index.md @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ If you are building a CLI app to be ## Requirements -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.7+ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/sq/mkdocs.yml b/docs/sq/mkdocs.yml index 1d8d9d04e..b07f3bc63 100644 --- a/docs/sq/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/sq/mkdocs.yml @@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/sv/docs/index.md b/docs/sv/docs/index.md index fd52f994c..fe55f6c1b 100644 --- a/docs/sv/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/sv/docs/index.md @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ If you are building a CLI app to be ## Requirements -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.7+ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: diff --git a/docs/sv/mkdocs.yml b/docs/sv/mkdocs.yml index 4606c9349..3332d232d 100644 --- a/docs/sv/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/sv/mkdocs.yml @@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/index.md b/docs/tr/docs/index.md index 5693029b5..73caa6d61 100644 --- a/docs/tr/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/tr/docs/index.md @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ Eğer API yerine komut satırı uygulaması ## Gereksinimler -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.7+ FastAPI iki devin omuzları üstünde duruyor: @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Uygulamanı kullanılabilir hale getirmek için ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/tr/mkdocs.yml b/docs/tr/mkdocs.yml index bf66edd68..e29d25936 100644 --- a/docs/tr/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/tr/mkdocs.yml @@ -78,6 +78,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/uk/docs/index.md b/docs/uk/docs/index.md index 29f92e020..e799ff8d5 100644 --- a/docs/uk/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/uk/docs/index.md @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ If you are building a CLI app to be ## Requirements -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.7+ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/uk/mkdocs.yml b/docs/uk/mkdocs.yml index 3b8475907..711328771 100644 --- a/docs/uk/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/uk/mkdocs.yml @@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e53c5319 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +# 响应Cookies + +## 使用 `Response` 参数 + +你可以在 *路径函数* 中定义一个类型为 `Response`的参数，这样你就可以在这个临时响应对象中设置cookie了。 + +```Python hl_lines="1 8-9" +{!../../../docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +而且你还可以根据你的需要响应不同的对象，比如常用的 `dict`，数据库model等。 + +如果你定义了 `response_model`，程序会自动根据`response_model`来过滤和转换你响应的对象。 + +**FastAPI** 会使用这个 *临时* 响应对象去装在这些cookies信息 (同样还有headers和状态码等信息), 最终会将这些信息和通过`response_model`转化过的数据合并到最终的响应里。 + +你也可以在depend中定义`Response`参数，并设置cookie和header。 + +## 直接响应 `Response` + +你还可以在直接响应`Response`时直接创建cookies。 + +你可以参考[Return a Response Directly](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}来创建response + +然后设置Cookies，并返回： + +```Python hl_lines="10-12" +{!../../../docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 需要注意，如果你直接反馈一个response对象，而不是使用`Response`入参，FastAPI则会直接反馈你封装的response对象。 + + 所以你需要确保你响应数据类型的正确性，如：你可以使用`JSONResponse`来兼容JSON的场景。 + + 同时，你也应当仅反馈通过`response_model`过滤过的数据。 + +### 更多信息 + +!!! note "技术细节" + 你也可以使用`from starlette.responses import Response` 或者 `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`。 + + 为了方便开发者，**FastAPI** 封装了相同数据类型，如`starlette.responses` 和 `fastapi.responses`。不过大部分response对象都是直接引用自Starlette。 + + 因为`Response`对象可以非常便捷的设置headers和cookies，所以 **FastAPI** 同时也封装了`fastapi.Response`。 + +如果你想查看所有可用的参数和选项，可以参考 Starlette帮助文档 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/wsgi.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/wsgi.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad71280fc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/wsgi.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# 包含 WSGI - Flask，Django，其它 + +您可以挂载多个 WSGI 应用，正如您在 [Sub Applications - Mounts](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, [Behind a Proxy](./behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 中所看到的那样。 + +为此, 您可以使用 `WSGIMiddleware` 来包装你的 WSGI 应用，如：Flask，Django，等等。 + +## 使用 `WSGIMiddleware` + +您需要导入 `WSGIMiddleware`。 + +然后使用该中间件包装 WSGI 应用（例如 Flask）。 + +之后将其挂载到某一个路径下。 + +```Python hl_lines="2-3 22" +{!../../../docs_src/wsgi/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 检查 + +现在，所有定义在 `/v1/` 路径下的请求将会被 Flask 应用处理。 + +其余的请求则会被 **FastAPI** 处理。 + +如果您使用 Uvicorn 运行应用实例并且访问 http://localhost:8000/v1/，您将会看到由 Flask 返回的响应： + +```txt +Hello, World from Flask! +``` + +并且如果您访问 http://localhost:8000/v2，您将会看到由 FastAPI 返回的响应： + +```JSON +{ + "message": "Hello World" +} +``` diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/contributing.md b/docs/zh/docs/contributing.md index 95500d12b..36c3631c4 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/contributing.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/contributing.md @@ -88,61 +88,29 @@ $ python -m venv env !!! tip 每一次你在该环境下使用 `pip` 安装了新软件包时，请再次激活该环境。 - 这样可以确保你在使用由该软件包安装的终端程序（如 `flit`）时使用的是当前虚拟环境中的程序，而不是其他的可能是全局安装的程序。 + 这样可以确保你在使用由该软件包安装的终端程序时使用的是当前虚拟环境中的程序，而不是其他的可能是全局安装的程序。 -### Flit +### pip -**FastAPI** 使用 Flit 来构建、打包和发布项目。 - -如上所述激活环境后，安装 `flit`： +如上所述激活环境后：
```console -$ pip install flit +$ pip install -e ."[dev,doc,test]" ---> 100% ```
-现在重新激活环境，以确保你正在使用的是刚刚安装的 `flit`（而不是全局环境的）。 - -然后使用 `flit` 来安装开发依赖： - -=== "Linux, macOS" - -
- - ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --symlink - - ---> 100% - ``` - -
- -=== "Windows" - - If you are on Windows, use `--pth-file` instead of `--symlink`: - -
- - ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --pth-file - - ---> 100% - ``` - -
- 这将在虚拟环境中安装所有依赖和本地版本的 FastAPI。 #### 使用本地 FastAPI 如果你创建一个导入并使用 FastAPI 的 Python 文件，然后使用虚拟环境中的 Python 运行它，它将使用你本地的 FastAPI 源码。 -并且如果你更改该本地 FastAPI 的源码，由于它是通过 `--symlink` （或 Windows 上的 `--pth-file`）安装的，当你再次运行那个 Python 文件，它将使用你刚刚编辑过的最新版本的 FastAPI。 +并且如果你更改该本地 FastAPI 的源码，由于它是通过 `-e` 安装的，当你再次运行那个 Python 文件，它将使用你刚刚编辑过的最新版本的 FastAPI。 这样，你不必再去重新"安装"你的本地版本即可测试所有更改。 @@ -160,7 +128,7 @@ $ bash scripts/format.sh 它还会自动对所有导入代码进行整理。 -为了使整理正确进行，你需要在当前环境中安装本地的 FastAPI，即在运行上述段落中的命令时添加 `--symlink`（或 Windows 上的 `--pth-file`）。 +为了使整理正确进行，你需要在当前环境中安装本地的 FastAPI，即在运行上述段落中的命令时添加 `-e`。 ### 格式化导入 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/index.md b/docs/zh/docs/index.md index 797032c86..3898beaee 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/index.md @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/python-types.md b/docs/zh/docs/python-types.md index 67a1612f0..6cdb4b588 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/python-types.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/python-types.md @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ John Doe 这表示： -* 变量 `items_t` 是一个 `tuple`，其中的每个元素都是 `int` 类型。 +* 变量 `items_t` 是一个 `tuple`，其中的前两个元素都是 `int` 类型, 最后一个元素是 `str` 类型。 * 变量 `items_s` 是一个 `set`，其中的每个元素都是 `bytes` 类型。 #### 字典 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5813272ee --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ +# 类作为依赖项 + +在深入探究 **依赖注入** 系统之前，让我们升级之前的例子。 + +## 来自前一个例子的`dict` + +在前面的例子中, 我们从依赖项 ("可依赖对象") 中返回了一个 `dict`: + +=== "Python 3.6 以及 以上" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 以及以上" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +但是后面我们在路径操作函数的参数 `commons` 中得到了一个 `dict`。 + +我们知道编辑器不能为 `dict` 提供很多支持(比如补全)，因为编辑器不知道 `dict` 的键和值类型。 + +对此，我们可以做的更好... + +## 什么构成了依赖项？ + +到目前为止，您看到的依赖项都被声明为函数。 + +但这并不是声明依赖项的唯一方法(尽管它可能是更常见的方法)。 + +关键因素是依赖项应该是 "可调用对象"。 + +Python 中的 "**可调用对象**" 是指任何 Python 可以像函数一样 "调用" 的对象。 + +所以，如果你有一个对象 `something` (可能*不是*一个函数)，你可以 "调用" 它(执行它)，就像： + +```Python +something() +``` + +或者 + +```Python +something(some_argument, some_keyword_argument="foo") +``` + +这就是 "可调用对象"。 + +## 类作为依赖项 + +您可能会注意到，要创建一个 Python 类的实例，您可以使用相同的语法。 + +举个例子: + +```Python +class Cat: + def __init__(self, name: str): + self.name = name + + +fluffy = Cat(name="Mr Fluffy") +``` + +在这个例子中, `fluffy` 是一个 `Cat` 类的实例。 + +为了创建 `fluffy`，你调用了 `Cat` 。 + +所以，Python 类也是 **可调用对象**。 + +因此，在 **FastAPI** 中，你可以使用一个 Python 类作为一个依赖项。 + +实际上 FastAPI 检查的是它是一个 "可调用对象"（函数，类或其他任何类型）以及定义的参数。 + +如果您在 **FastAPI** 中传递一个 "可调用对象" 作为依赖项，它将分析该 "可调用对象" 的参数，并以处理路径操作函数的参数的方式来处理它们。包括子依赖项。 + +这也适用于完全没有参数的可调用对象。这与不带参数的路径操作函数一样。 + +所以，我们可以将上面的依赖项 "可依赖对象" `common_parameters` 更改为类 `CommonQueryParams`: + +=== "Python 3.6 以及 以上" + + ```Python hl_lines="11-15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 以及 以上" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +注意用于创建类实例的 `__init__` 方法： + +=== "Python 3.6 以及 以上" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 以及 以上" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +...它与我们以前的 `common_parameters` 具有相同的参数： + +=== "Python 3.6 以及 以上" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 以及 以上" + + ```Python hl_lines="6" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +这些参数就是 **FastAPI** 用来 "处理" 依赖项的。 + +在两个例子下，都有： + +* 一个可选的 `q` 查询参数，是 `str` 类型。 +* 一个 `skip` 查询参数，是 `int` 类型，默认值为 `0`。 +* 一个 `limit` 查询参数，是 `int` 类型，默认值为 `100`。 + +在两个例子下，数据都将被转换、验证、在 OpenAPI schema 上文档化，等等。 + +## 使用它 + +现在，您可以使用这个类来声明你的依赖项了。 + +=== "Python 3.6 以及 以上" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 以及 以上" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +**FastAPI** 调用 `CommonQueryParams` 类。这将创建该类的一个 "实例"，该实例将作为参数 `commons` 被传递给你的函数。 + +## 类型注解 vs `Depends` + +注意，我们在上面的代码中编写了两次`CommonQueryParams`： + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +最后的 `CommonQueryParams`: + +```Python +... = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +...实际上是 **Fastapi** 用来知道依赖项是什么的。 + +FastAPI 将从依赖项中提取声明的参数，这才是 FastAPI 实际调用的。 + +--- + +在本例中，第一个 `CommonQueryParams` ： + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams ... +``` + +...对于 **FastAPI** 没有任何特殊的意义。FastAPI 不会使用它进行数据转换、验证等 (因为对于这，它使用 `= Depends(CommonQueryParams)`)。 + +你实际上可以只这样编写: + +```Python +commons = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +..就像: + +=== "Python 3.6 以及 以上" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 以及 以上" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +但是声明类型是被鼓励的，因为那样你的编辑器就会知道将传递什么作为参数 `commons` ，然后它可以帮助你完成代码，类型检查，等等： + + + +## 快捷方式 + +但是您可以看到，我们在这里有一些代码重复了，编写了`CommonQueryParams`两次： + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +**FastAPI** 为这些情况提供了一个快捷方式，在这些情况下，依赖项 *明确地* 是一个类，**FastAPI** 将 "调用" 它来创建类本身的一个实例。 + +对于这些特定的情况，您可以跟随以下操作： + +不是写成这样： + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +...而是这样写: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends() +``` + +您声明依赖项作为参数的类型，并使用 `Depends()` 作为该函数的参数的 "默认" 值(在 `=` 之后)，而在 `Depends()` 中没有任何参数，而不是在 `Depends(CommonQueryParams)` 编写完整的类。 + +同样的例子看起来像这样： + +=== "Python 3.6 以及 以上" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 以及 以上" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +... **FastAPI** 会知道怎么处理。 + +!!! tip + 如果这看起来更加混乱而不是更加有帮助，那么请忽略它，你不*需要*它。 + + 这只是一个快捷方式。因为 **FastAPI** 关心的是帮助您减少代码重复。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb813940c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# JSON 兼容编码器 + +在某些情况下，您可能需要将数据类型（如Pydantic模型）转换为与JSON兼容的数据类型（如`dict`、`list`等）。 + +比如，如果您需要将其存储在数据库中。 + +对于这种要求， **FastAPI**提供了`jsonable_encoder()`函数。 + +## 使用`jsonable_encoder` + +让我们假设你有一个数据库名为`fake_db`，它只能接收与JSON兼容的数据。 + +例如，它不接收`datetime`这类的对象，因为这些对象与JSON不兼容。 + +因此，`datetime`对象必须将转换为包含ISO格式化的`str`类型对象。 + +同样，这个数据库也不会接收Pydantic模型（带有属性的对象），而只接收`dict`。 + +对此你可以使用`jsonable_encoder`。 + +它接收一个对象，比如Pydantic模型，并会返回一个JSON兼容的版本： + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="5 22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +在这个例子中，它将Pydantic模型转换为`dict`，并将`datetime`转换为`str`。 + +调用它的结果后就可以使用Python标准编码中的`json.dumps()`。 + +这个操作不会返回一个包含JSON格式（作为字符串）数据的庞大的`str`。它将返回一个Python标准数据结构（例如`dict`），其值和子值都与JSON兼容。 + +!!! note + `jsonable_encoder`实际上是FastAPI内部用来转换数据的。但是它在许多其他场景中也很有用。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/index.md index 36495ec0b..6093caeb6 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/index.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --reload
```console -$ pip install fastapi[all] +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all] 并且安装`uvicorn`来作为服务器： ``` - pip install uvicorn[standard] + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ``` 然后对你想使用的每个可选依赖项也执行相同的操作。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md index 0b2b9446a..070074839 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ q: str 代替： ```Python -q: str = None +q: Union[str, None] = None ``` 但是现在我们正在用 `Query` 声明它，例如： @@ -113,17 +113,51 @@ q: str = None q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3) ``` -因此，当你在使用 `Query` 且需要声明一个值是必需的时，可以将 `...` 用作第一个参数值： +因此，当你在使用 `Query` 且需要声明一个值是必需的时，只需不声明默认参数： ```Python hl_lines="7" {!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006.py!} ``` +### 使用省略号(`...`)声明必需参数 + +有另一种方法可以显式的声明一个值是必需的，即将默认参数的默认值设为 `...` ： + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b.py!} +``` + !!! info 如果你之前没见过 `...` 这种用法：它是一个特殊的单独值，它是 Python 的一部分并且被称为「省略号」。 + Pydantic 和 FastAPI 使用它来显式的声明需要一个值。 这将使 **FastAPI** 知道此查询参数是必需的。 +### 使用`None`声明必需参数 + +你可以声明一个参数可以接收`None`值，但它仍然是必需的。这将强制客户端发送一个值，即使该值是`None`。 + +为此，你可以声明`None`是一个有效的类型，并仍然使用`default=...`： + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + Pydantic 是 FastAPI 中所有数据验证和序列化的核心，当你在没有设默认值的情况下使用 `Optional` 或 `Union[Something, None]` 时，它具有特殊行为，你可以在 Pydantic 文档中阅读有关必需可选字段的更多信息。 + +### 使用Pydantic中的`Required`代替省略号(`...`) + +如果你觉得使用 `...` 不舒服，你也可以从 Pydantic 导入并使用 `Required`： + +```Python hl_lines="2 8" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 请记住，在大多数情况下，当你需要某些东西时，可以简单地省略 `default` 参数，因此你通常不必使用 `...` 或 `Required` + + ## 查询参数列表 / 多个值 当你使用 `Query` 显式地定义查询参数时，你还可以声明它去接收一组值，或换句话来说，接收多个值。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md index 25657d93b..e18d6fc9f 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md @@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ 不过，很多情况下，`UploadFile` 更好用。 -## 含 `UploadFile` 的 `File` 参数 +## 含 `UploadFile` 的文件参数 -定义 `File` 参数时使用 `UploadFile`： +定义文件参数时使用 `UploadFile`： ```Python hl_lines="12" {!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!} @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ contents = myfile.file.read() !!! note "`async` 技术细节" - 使用 `async` 方法时，**FastAPI** 在线程池中执行文件方法，并 `awiat` 操作完成。 + 使用 `async` 方法时，**FastAPI** 在线程池中执行文件方法，并 `await` 操作完成。 !!! note "Starlette 技术细节" @@ -120,6 +120,30 @@ contents = myfile.file.read() 这不是 **FastAPI** 的问题，而是 HTTP 协议的规定。 +## 可选文件上传 + +您可以通过使用标准类型注解并将 None 作为默认值的方式将一个文件参数设为可选: + +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 带有额外元数据的 `UploadFile` + +您也可以将 `File()` 与 `UploadFile` 一起使用，例如，设置额外的元数据: + +```Python hl_lines="13" +{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py!} +``` + ## 多文件上传 FastAPI 支持同时上传多个文件。 @@ -128,19 +152,20 @@ FastAPI 支持同时上传多个文件。 上传多个文件时，要声明含 `bytes` 或 `UploadFile` 的列表（`List`）： -```Python hl_lines="10 15" -{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" -接收的也是含 `bytes` 或 `UploadFile` 的列表（`list`）。 + ```Python hl_lines="10 15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py!} + ``` -!!! note "笔记" +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" - 注意，截至 2019 年 4 月 14 日，Swagger UI 不支持在同一个表单字段中上传多个文件。详见 #4276 和 #3641. + ```Python hl_lines="8 13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` - 不过，**FastAPI** 已通过 OpenAPI 标准与之兼容。 +接收的也是含 `bytes` 或 `UploadFile` 的列表（`list`）。 - 因此，只要 Swagger UI 或任何其他支持 OpenAPI 的工具支持多文件上传，都将与 **FastAPI** 兼容。 !!! note "技术细节" @@ -148,6 +173,22 @@ FastAPI 支持同时上传多个文件。 `fastapi.responses` 其实与 `starlette.responses` 相同，只是为了方便开发者调用。实际上，大多数 **FastAPI** 的响应都直接从 Starlette 调用。 +### 带有额外元数据的多文件上传 + +和之前的方式一样, 您可以为 `File()` 设置额外参数, 即使是 `UploadFile`: + +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + ## 小结 本节介绍了如何用 `File` 把上传文件声明为（表单数据的）输入参数。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..86c3320ce --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +# 安全 - 第一步 + +假设**后端** API 在某个域。 + +**前端**在另一个域，或（移动应用中）在同一个域的不同路径下。 + +并且，前端要使用后端的 **username** 与 **password** 验证用户身份。 + +固然，**FastAPI** 支持 **OAuth2** 身份验证。 + +但为了节省开发者的时间，不要只为了查找很少的内容，不得不阅读冗长的规范文档。 + +我们建议使用 **FastAPI** 的安全工具。 + +## 概览 + +首先，看看下面的代码是怎么运行的，然后再回过头来了解其背后的原理。 + +## 创建 `main.py` + +把下面的示例代码复制到 `main.py`： + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 运行 + +!!! info "说明" + + 先安装 `python-multipart`。 + + 安装命令： `pip install python-multipart`。 + + 这是因为 **OAuth2** 使用**表单数据**发送 `username` 与 `password`。 + +用下面的命令运行该示例： + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +## 查看文档 + +打开 API 文档： http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs。 + +界面如下图所示： + + + +!!! check "Authorize 按钮！" + + 页面右上角出现了一个「**Authorize**」按钮。 + + *路径操作*的右上角也出现了一个可以点击的小锁图标。 + +点击 **Authorize** 按钮，弹出授权表单，输入 `username` 与 `password` 及其它可选字段： + + + +!!! note "笔记" + + 目前，在表单中输入内容不会有任何反应，后文会介绍相关内容。 + +虽然此文档不是给前端最终用户使用的，但这个自动工具非常实用，可在文档中与所有 API 交互。 + +前端团队（可能就是开发者本人）可以使用本工具。 + +第三方应用与系统也可以调用本工具。 + +开发者也可以用它来调试、检查、测试应用。 + +## 密码流 + +现在，我们回过头来介绍这段代码的原理。 + +`Password` **流**是 OAuth2 定义的，用于处理安全与身份验证的方式（**流**）。 + +OAuth2 的设计目标是为了让后端或 API 独立于服务器验证用户身份。 + +但在本例中，**FastAPI** 应用会处理 API 与身份验证。 + +下面，我们来看一下简化的运行流程： + +- 用户在前端输入 `username` 与`password`，并点击**回车** +- （用户浏览器中运行的）前端把 `username` 与`password` 发送至 API 中指定的 URL（使用 `tokenUrl="token"` 声明） +- API 检查 `username` 与`password`，并用令牌（`Token`） 响应（暂未实现此功能）： + - 令牌只是用于验证用户的字符串 + - 一般来说，令牌会在一段时间后过期 + - 过时后，用户要再次登录 + - 这样一来，就算令牌被人窃取，风险也较低。因为它与永久密钥不同，**在绝大多数情况下**不会长期有效 +- 前端临时将令牌存储在某个位置 +- 用户点击前端，前往前端应用的其它部件 +- 前端需要从 API 中提取更多数据： + - 为指定的端点（Endpoint）进行身份验证 + - 因此，用 API 验证身份时，要发送值为 `Bearer` + 令牌的请求头 `Authorization` + - 假如令牌为 `foobar`，`Authorization` 请求头就是： `Bearer foobar` + +## **FastAPI** 的 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` + +**FastAPI** 提供了不同抽象级别的安全工具。 + +本例使用 **OAuth2** 的 **Password** 流以及 **Bearer** 令牌（`Token`）。为此要使用 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 类。 + +!!! info "说明" + + `Bearer` 令牌不是唯一的选择。 + + 但它是最适合这个用例的方案。 + + 甚至可以说，它是适用于绝大多数用例的最佳方案，除非您是 OAuth2 的专家，知道为什么其它方案更合适。 + + 本例中，**FastAPI** 还提供了构建工具。 + +创建 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 的类实例时，要传递 `tokenUrl` 参数。该参数包含客户端（用户浏览器中运行的前端） 的 URL，用于发送 `username` 与 `password`，并获取令牌。 + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "提示" + + 在此，`tokenUrl="token"` 指向的是暂未创建的相对 URL `token`。这个相对 URL 相当于 `./token`。 + + 因为使用的是相对 URL，如果 API 位于 `https://example.com/`，则指向 `https://example.com/token`。但如果 API 位于 `https://example.com/api/v1/`，它指向的就是`https://example.com/api/v1/token`。 + + 使用相对 URL 非常重要，可以确保应用在遇到[使用代理](../../advanced/behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}这样的高级用例时，也能正常运行。 + +该参数不会创建端点或*路径操作*，但会声明客户端用来获取令牌的 URL `/token` 。此信息用于 OpenAPI 及 API 文档。 + +接下来，学习如何创建实际的路径操作。 + +!!! info "说明" + + 严苛的 **Pythonista** 可能不喜欢用 `tokenUrl` 这种命名风格代替 `token_url`。 + + 这种命名方式是因为要使用与 OpenAPI 规范中相同的名字。以便在深入校验安全方案时，能通过复制粘贴查找更多相关信息。 + +`oauth2_scheme` 变量是 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 的实例，也是**可调用项**。 + +以如下方式调用： + +```Python +oauth2_scheme(some, parameters) +``` + +因此，`Depends` 可以调用 `oauth2_scheme` 变量。 + +### 使用 + +接下来，使用 `Depends` 把 `oauth2_scheme` 传入依赖项。 + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +该依赖项使用字符串（`str`）接收*路径操作函数*的参数 `token` 。 + +**FastAPI** 使用依赖项在 OpenAPI 概图（及 API 文档）中定义**安全方案**。 + +!!! info "技术细节" + + **FastAPI** 使用（在依赖项中声明的）类 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 在 OpenAPI 中定义安全方案，这是因为它继承自 `fastapi.security.oauth2.OAuth2`，而该类又是继承自`fastapi.security.base.SecurityBase`。 + + 所有与 OpenAPI（及 API 文档）集成的安全工具都继承自 `SecurityBase`， 这就是为什么 **FastAPI** 能把它们集成至 OpenAPI 的原因。 + +## 实现的操作 + +FastAPI 校验请求中的 `Authorization` 请求头，核对请求头的值是不是由 `Bearer ` ＋ 令牌组成， 并返回令牌字符串（`str`）。 + +如果没有找到 `Authorization` 请求头，或请求头的值不是 `Bearer ` ＋ 令牌。FastAPI 直接返回 401 错误状态码（`UNAUTHORIZED`）。 + +开发者不需要检查错误信息，查看令牌是否存在，只要该函数能够执行，函数中就会包含令牌字符串。 + +正如下图所示，API 文档已经包含了这项功能： + + + +目前，暂时还没有实现验证令牌是否有效的功能，不过后文很快就会介绍的。 + +## 小结 + +看到了吧，只要多写三四行代码，就可以添加基础的安全表单。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md index 82ef9b897..054198545 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md @@ -1,34 +1,34 @@ -# 使用（哈希）密码和 JWT Bearer 令牌的 OAuth2 +# OAuth2 实现密码哈希与 Bearer JWT 令牌验证 -既然我们已经有了所有的安全流程，就让我们来使用 JWT 令牌和安全哈希密码让应用程序真正地安全吧。 +至此，我们已经编写了所有安全流，本章学习如何使用 JWT 令牌（Token）和安全密码哈希（Hash）实现真正的安全机制。 -你可以在应用程序中真正地使用这些代码，在数据库中保存密码哈希值，等等。 +本章的示例代码真正实现了在应用的数据库中保存哈希密码等功能。 -我们将从上一章结束的位置开始，然后对示例进行扩充。 +接下来，我们紧接上一章，继续完善安全机制。 -## 关于 JWT +## JWT 简介 -JWT 表示 「JSON Web Tokens」。 +JWT 即**JSON 网络令牌**（JSON Web Tokens）。 -它是一个将 JSON 对象编码为密集且没有空格的长字符串的标准。字符串看起来像这样： +JWT 是一种将 JSON 对象编码为没有空格，且难以理解的长字符串的标准。JWT 的内容如下所示： ``` eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiaWF0IjoxNTE2MjM5MDIyfQ.SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c ``` -它没有被加密，因此任何人都可以从字符串内容中还原数据。 +JWT 字符串没有加密，任何人都能用它恢复原始信息。 -但它经过了签名。因此，当你收到一个由你发出的令牌时，可以校验令牌是否真的由你发出。 +但 JWT 使用了签名机制。接受令牌时，可以用签名校验令牌。 -通过这种方式，你可以创建一个有效期为 1 周的令牌。然后当用户第二天使用令牌重新访问时，你知道该用户仍然处于登入状态。 +使用 JWT 创建有效期为一周的令牌。第二天，用户持令牌再次访问时，仍为登录状态。 -一周后令牌将会过期，用户将不会通过认证，必须再次登录才能获得一个新令牌。而且如果用户（或第三方）试图修改令牌以篡改过期时间，你将因为签名不匹配而能够发觉。 +令牌于一周后过期，届时，用户身份验证就会失败。只有再次登录，才能获得新的令牌。如果用户（或第三方）篡改令牌的过期时间，因为签名不匹配会导致身份验证失败。 -如果你想上手体验 JWT 令牌并了解其工作方式，可访问 https://jwt.io。 +如需深入了解 JWT 令牌，了解它的工作方式，请参阅 https://jwt.io。 ## 安装 `python-jose` -我们需要安装 `python-jose` 以在 Python 中生成和校验 JWT 令牌： +安装 `python-jose`，在 Python 中生成和校验 JWT 令牌：
@@ -40,38 +40,39 @@ $ pip install python-jose[cryptography]
-Python-jose 需要一个额外的加密后端。 +Python-jose 需要安装配套的加密后端。 -这里我们使用的是推荐的后端：pyca/cryptography。 +本教程推荐的后端是：pyca/cryptography。 -!!! tip - 本教程曾经使用过 PyJWT。 +!!! tip "提示" - 但是后来更新为使用 Python-jose，因为它提供了 PyJWT 的所有功能，以及之后与其他工具进行集成时你可能需要的一些其他功能。 + 本教程以前使用 PyJWT。 -## 哈希密码 + 但后来换成了 Python-jose，因为 Python-jose 支持 PyJWT 的所有功能，还支持与其它工具集成时可能会用到的一些其它功能。 -「哈希」的意思是：将某些内容（在本例中为密码）转换为看起来像乱码的字节序列（只是一个字符串）。 +## 密码哈希 -每次你传入完全相同的内容（完全相同的密码）时，你都会得到完全相同的乱码。 +**哈希**是指把特定内容（本例中为密码）转换为乱码形式的字节序列（其实就是字符串）。 -但是你不能从乱码转换回密码。 +每次传入完全相同的内容时（比如，完全相同的密码），返回的都是完全相同的乱码。 -### 为什么使用哈希密码 +但这个乱码无法转换回传入的密码。 -如果你的数据库被盗，小偷将无法获得用户的明文密码，只能拿到哈希值。 +### 为什么使用密码哈希 -因此，小偷将无法尝试在另一个系统中使用这些相同的密码（由于许多用户在任何地方都使用相同的密码，因此这很危险）。 +原因很简单，假如数据库被盗，窃贼无法获取用户的明文密码，得到的只是哈希值。 + +这样一来，窃贼就无法在其它应用中使用窃取的密码，要知道，很多用户在所有系统中都使用相同的密码，风险超大）。 ## 安装 `passlib` -PassLib 是一个用于处理哈希密码的很棒的 Python 包。 +Passlib 是处理密码哈希的 Python 包。 -它支持许多安全哈希算法以及配合算法使用的实用程序。 +它支持很多安全哈希算法及配套工具。 -推荐的算法是 「Bcrypt」。 +本教程推荐的算法是 **Bcrypt**。 -因此，安装附带 Bcrypt 的 PassLib： +因此，请先安装附带 Bcrypt 的 PassLib：
@@ -83,46 +84,49 @@ $ pip install passlib[bcrypt]
-!!! tip - 使用 `passlib`，你甚至可以将其配置为能够读取 Django，Flask 的安全扩展或许多其他工具创建的密码。 +!!! tip "提示" + + `passlib` 甚至可以读取 Django、Flask 的安全插件等工具创建的密码。 + + 例如，把 Django 应用的数据共享给 FastAPI 应用的数据库。或利用同一个数据库，可以逐步把应用从 Django 迁移到 FastAPI。 - 因此，你将能够，举个例子，将数据库中来自 Django 应用的数据共享给一个 FastAPI 应用。或者使用同一数据库但逐渐将应用从 Django 迁移到 FastAPI。 + 并且，用户可以同时从 Django 应用或 FastAPI 应用登录。 - 而你的用户将能够同时从 Django 应用或 FastAPI 应用登录。 +## 密码哈希与校验 -## 哈希并校验密码 +从 `passlib` 导入所需工具。 -从 `passlib` 导入我们需要的工具。 +创建用于密码哈希和身份校验的 PassLib **上下文**。 -创建一个 PassLib 「上下文」。这将用于哈希和校验密码。 +!!! tip "提示" -!!! tip - PassLib 上下文还具有使用不同哈希算法的功能，包括仅允许用于校验的已弃用的旧算法等。 + PassLib 上下文还支持使用不同哈希算法的功能，包括只能校验的已弃用旧算法等。 - 例如，你可以使用它来读取和校验由另一个系统（例如Django）生成的密码，但是使用其他算法例如 Bcrypt 生成新的密码哈希值。 + 例如，用它读取和校验其它系统（如 Django）生成的密码，但要使用其它算法，如 Bcrypt，生成新的哈希密码。 - 并同时兼容所有的这些功能。 + 同时，这些功能都是兼容的。 -创建一个工具函数以哈希来自用户的密码。 +接下来，创建三个工具函数，其中一个函数用于哈希用户的密码。 -然后创建另一个工具函数，用于校验接收的密码是否与存储的哈希值匹配。 +第一个函数用于校验接收的密码是否匹配存储的哈希值。 -再创建另一个工具函数用于认证并返回用户。 +第三个函数用于身份验证，并返回用户。 ```Python hl_lines="7 48 55-56 59-60 69-75" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!} ``` -!!! note - 如果你查看新的（伪）数据库 `fake_users_db`，你将看到哈希后的密码现在的样子：`"$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW"`。 +!!! note "笔记" + + 查看新的（伪）数据库 `fake_users_db`，就能看到哈希后的密码：`"$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW"`。 ## 处理 JWT 令牌 导入已安装的模块。 -创建一个随机密钥，该密钥将用于对 JWT 令牌进行签名。 +创建用于 JWT 令牌签名的随机密钥。 -要生成一个安全的随机密钥，可使用以下命令： +使用以下命令，生成安全的随机密钥：
@@ -134,15 +138,15 @@ $ openssl rand -hex 32
-然后将输出复制到变量 「SECRET_KEY」 中（不要使用示例中的这个）。 +然后，把生成的密钥复制到变量**SECRET_KEY**，注意，不要使用本例所示的密钥。 -创建用于设定 JWT 令牌签名算法的变量 「ALGORITHM」，并将其设置为 `"HS256"`。 +创建指定 JWT 令牌签名算法的变量 **ALGORITHM**，本例中的值为 `"HS256"`。 -创建一个设置令牌过期时间的变量。 +创建设置令牌过期时间的变量。 -定义一个将在令牌端点中用于响应的 Pydantic 模型。 +定义令牌端点响应的 Pydantic 模型。 -创建一个生成新的访问令牌的工具函数。 +创建生成新的访问令牌的工具函数。 ```Python hl_lines="6 12-14 28-30 78-86" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!} @@ -150,11 +154,11 @@ $ openssl rand -hex 32 ## 更新依赖项 -更新 `get_current_user` 以接收与之前相同的令牌，但这次使用的是 JWT 令牌。 +更新 `get_current_user` 以接收与之前相同的令牌，但这里用的是 JWT 令牌。 -解码接收到的令牌，对其进行校验，然后返回当前用户。 +解码并校验接收到的令牌，然后，返回当前用户。 -如果令牌无效，立即返回一个 HTTP 错误。 +如果令牌无效，则直接返回 HTTP 错误。 ```Python hl_lines="89-106" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!} @@ -162,57 +166,57 @@ $ openssl rand -hex 32 ## 更新 `/token` *路径操作* -使用令牌的过期时间创建一个 `timedelta` 对象。 +用令牌过期时间创建 `timedelta` 对象。 -创建一个真实的 JWT 访问令牌并返回它。 +创建并返回真正的 JWT 访问令牌。 ```Python hl_lines="115-128" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!} ``` -### 关于 JWT 「主题」 `sub` 的技术细节 +### JWT `sub` 的技术细节 -JWT 的规范中提到有一个 `sub` 键，值为该令牌的主题。 +JWT 规范还包括 `sub` 键，值是令牌的主题。 -使用它并不是必须的，但这是你放置用户标识的地方，所以我们在示例中使用了它。 +该键是可选的，但要把用户标识放在这个键里，所以本例使用了该键。 -除了识别用户并允许他们直接在你的 API 上执行操作之外，JWT 还可以用于其他事情。 +除了识别用户与许可用户在 API 上直接执行操作之外，JWT 还可能用于其它事情。 -例如，你可以识别一个 「汽车」 或 「博客文章」。 +例如，识别**汽车**或**博客**。 -然后你可以添加关于该实体的权限，比如「驾驶」（汽车）或「编辑」（博客）。 +接着，为实体添加权限，比如**驾驶**（汽车）或**编辑**（博客）。 -然后，你可以将 JWT 令牌交给用户（或机器人），他们可以使用它来执行这些操作（驾驶汽车，或编辑博客文章），甚至不需要有一个账户，只需使用你的 API 为其生成的 JWT 令牌。 +然后，把 JWT 令牌交给用户（或机器人），他们就可以执行驾驶汽车，或编辑博客等操作。无需注册账户，只要有 API 生成的 JWT 令牌就可以。 -使用这样的思路，JWT 可以用于更复杂的场景。 +同理，JWT 可以用于更复杂的场景。 -在这些情况下，几个实体可能有相同的 ID，比如说 `foo`（一个用户 `foo`，一辆车 `foo`，一篇博客文章 `foo`）。 +在这些情况下，多个实体的 ID 可能是相同的，以 ID `foo` 为例，用户的 ID 是 `foo`，车的 ID 是 `foo`，博客的 ID 也是 `foo`。 -因此，为了避免 ID 冲突，当为用户创建 JWT 令牌时，你可以在 `sub` 键的值前加上前缀，例如 `username:`。所以，在这个例子中，`sub` 的值可以是：`username:johndoe`。 +为了避免 ID 冲突，在给用户创建 JWT 令牌时，可以为 `sub` 键的值加上前缀，例如 `username:`。因此，在本例中，`sub` 的值可以是：`username:johndoe`。 -要记住的重点是，`sub` 键在整个应用程序中应该有一个唯一的标识符，而且应该是一个字符串。 +注意，划重点，`sub` 键在整个应用中应该只有一个唯一的标识符，而且应该是字符串。 -## 检查效果 +## 检查 运行服务器并访问文档： http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs。 -你会看到如下用户界面： +可以看到如下用户界面： -像以前一样对应用程序进行认证。 +用与上一章同样的方式实现应用授权。 使用如下凭证： -用户名: `johndoe` -密码: `secret` +用户名: `johndoe` 密码: `secret` + +!!! check "检查" -!!! check - 请注意，代码中没有任何地方记录了明文密码 「`secret`」，我们只保存了其哈希值。 + 注意，代码中没有明文密码**`secret`**，只保存了它的哈希值。 -访问 `/users/me/` 端点，你将获得如下响应： +调用 `/users/me/` 端点，收到下面的响应： ```JSON { @@ -225,41 +229,42 @@ JWT 的规范中提到有一个 `sub` 键，值为该令牌的主题。 -如果你打开开发者工具，将看到数据是如何发送的并且其中仅包含了令牌，只有在第一个请求中发送了密码以校验用户身份并获取该访问令牌，但之后都不会再发送密码： +打开浏览器的开发者工具，查看数据是怎么发送的，而且数据里只包含了令牌，只有验证用户的第一个请求才发送密码，并获取访问令牌，但之后不会再发送密码： -!!! note - 注意请求中的 `Authorization` 首部，其值以 `Bearer` 开头。 +!!! note "笔记" + + 注意，请求中 `Authorization` 响应头的值以 `Bearer` 开头。 -## 使用 `scopes` 的进阶用法 +## `scopes` 高级用法 -OAuth2 具有「作用域」的概念。 +OAuth2 支持**`scopes`**（作用域）。 -你可以使用它们向 JWT 令牌添加一组特定的权限。 +**`scopes`**为 JWT 令牌添加指定权限。 -然后，你可以将此令牌直接提供给用户或第三方，使其在一些限制下与你的 API 进行交互。 +让持有令牌的用户或第三方在指定限制条件下与 API 交互。 -你可以在之后的**进阶用户指南**中了解如何使用它们以及如何将它们集成到 **FastAPI** 中。 +**高级用户指南**中将介绍如何使用 `scopes`，及如何把 `scopes` 集成至 **FastAPI**。 -## 总结 +## 小结 -通过目前你所看到的，你可以使用像 OAuth2 和 JWT 这样的标准来构建一个安全的 **FastAPI** 应用程序。 +至此，您可以使用 OAuth2 和 JWT 等标准配置安全的 **FastAPI** 应用。 -在几乎所有的框架中，处理安全性问题都很容易成为一个相当复杂的话题。 +几乎在所有框架中，处理安全问题很快都会变得非常复杂。 -许多高度简化了安全流程的软件包不得不在数据模型、数据库和可用功能上做出很多妥协。而这些过于简化流程的软件包中，有些其实隐含了安全漏洞。 +有些包为了简化安全流，不得不在数据模型、数据库和功能上做出妥协。而有些过于简化的软件包其实存在了安全隐患。 --- -**FastAPI** 不对任何数据库、数据模型或工具做任何妥协。 +**FastAPI** 不向任何数据库、数据模型或工具做妥协。 -它给了你所有的灵活性来选择最适合你项目的前者。 +开发者可以灵活选择最适合项目的安全机制。 -你可以直接使用许多维护良好且使用广泛的包，如 `passlib` 和 `python-jose`，因为 **FastAPI** 不需要任何复杂的机制来集成外部包。 +还可以直接使用 `passlib` 和 `python-jose` 等维护良好、使用广泛的包，这是因为 **FastAPI** 不需要任何复杂机制，就能集成外部的包。 -但它为你提供了一些工具，在不影响灵活性、健壮性和安全性的前提下，尽可能地简化这个过程。 +而且，**FastAPI** 还提供了一些工具，在不影响灵活、稳定和安全的前提下，尽可能地简化安全机制。 -而且你可以用相对简单的方式使用和实现安全、标准的协议，比如 OAuth2。 +**FastAPI** 还支持以相对简单的方式，使用 OAuth2 等安全、标准的协议。 -你可以在**进阶用户指南**中了解更多关于如何使用 OAuth2 「作用域」的信息，以实现更精细的权限系统，并同样遵循这些标准。带有作用域的 OAuth2 是很多大的认证提供商使用的机制，比如 Facebook、Google、GitHub、微软、Twitter 等，授权第三方应用代表用户与他们的 API 进行交互。 +**高级用户指南**中详细介绍了 OAuth2**`scopes`**的内容，遵循同样的标准，实现更精密的权限系统。OAuth2 的作用域是脸书、谷歌、GitHub、微软、推特等第三方身份验证应用使用的机制，让用户授权第三方应用与 API 交互。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6b354c2b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md @@ -0,0 +1,770 @@ +# SQL (关系型) 数据库 + +**FastAPI**不需要你使用SQL(关系型)数据库。 + +但是您可以使用任何您想要的关系型数据库。 + +在这里，让我们看一个使用着[SQLAlchemy](https://www.sqlalchemy.org/)的示例。 + +您可以很容易地将SQLAlchemy支持任何数据库，像： + +* PostgreSQL +* MySQL +* SQLite +* Oracle +* Microsoft SQL Server，等等其它数据库 + +在此示例中，我们将使用**SQLite**，因为它使用单个文件并且 在Python中具有集成支持。因此，您可以复制此示例并按原样来运行它。 + +稍后，对于您的产品级别的应用程序，您可能会要使用像**PostgreSQL**这样的数据库服务器。 + +!!! tip + 这儿有一个**FastAPI**和**PostgreSQL**的官方项目生成器，全部基于**Docker**，包括前端和更多工具：https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql + +!!! note + 请注意，大部分代码是`SQLAlchemy`的标准代码，您可以用于任何框架。FastAPI特定的代码和往常一样少。 + +## ORMs（对象关系映射） + +**FastAPI**可与任何数据库在任何样式的库中一起与 数据库进行通信。 + +一种常见的模式是使用“ORM”：对象关系映射。 + +ORM 具有在代码和数据库表（“*关系型”）中的**对象**之间转换（“*映射*”）的工具。 + +使用 ORM，您通常会在 SQL 数据库中创建一个代表映射的类，该类的每个属性代表一个列，具有名称和类型。 + +例如，一个类`Pet`可以表示一个 SQL 表`pets`。 + +该类的每个*实例对象都代表数据库中的一行数据。* + +又例如，一个对象`orion_cat`（`Pet`的一个实例）可以有一个属性`orion_cat.type`, 对标数据库中的`type`列。并且该属性的值可以是其它，例如`"cat"`。 + +这些 ORM 还具有在表或实体之间建立关系的工具（比如创建多表关系）。 + +这样，您还可以拥有一个属性`orion_cat.owner`，它包含该宠物所有者的数据，这些数据取自另外一个表。 + +因此，`orion_cat.owner.name`可能是该宠物主人的姓名（来自表`owners`中的列`name`）。 + +它可能有一个像`"Arquilian"`(一种业务逻辑)。 + +当您尝试从您的宠物对象访问它时，ORM 将完成所有工作以从相应的表*所有者那里再获取信息。* + +常见的 ORM 例如：Django-ORM（Django 框架的一部分）、SQLAlchemy ORM（SQLAlchemy 的一部分，独立于框架）和 Peewee（独立于框架）等。 + +在这里，我们将看到如何使用**SQLAlchemy ORM**。 + +以类似的方式，您也可以使用任何其他 ORM。 + +!!! tip + 在文档中也有一篇使用 Peewee 的等效的文章。 + +## 文件结构 + +对于这些示例，假设您有一个名为的目录`my_super_project`，其中包含一个名为的子目录`sql_app`，其结构如下： + +``` +. +└── sql_app + ├── __init__.py + ├── crud.py + ├── database.py + ├── main.py + ├── models.py + └── schemas.py +``` + +该文件`__init__.py`只是一个空文件，但它告诉 Python 其中`sql_app`的所有模块（Python 文件）都是一个包。 + +现在让我们看看每个文件/模块的作用。 + +## 创建 SQLAlchemy 部件 + +让我们涉及到文件`sql_app/database.py`。 + +### 导入 SQLAlchemy 部件 + +```Python hl_lines="1-3" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +### 为 SQLAlchemy 定义数据库 URL地址 + +```Python hl_lines="5-6" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +在这个例子中，我们正在“连接”到一个 SQLite 数据库（用 SQLite 数据库打开一个文件）。 + +该文件将位于文件中的同一目录中`sql_app.db`。 + +这就是为什么最后一部分是`./sql_app.db`. + +如果您使用的是**PostgreSQL**数据库，则只需取消注释该行： + +```Python +SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://user:password@postgresserver/db" +``` + +...并根据您的数据库数据和相关凭据（也适用于 MySQL、MariaDB 或任何其他）对其进行调整。 + +!!! tip + + 如果您想使用不同的数据库，这是就是您必须修改的地方。 + +### 创建 SQLAlchemy 引擎 + +第一步，创建一个 SQLAlchemy的“引擎”。 + +我们稍后会将这个`engine`在其他地方使用。 + +```Python hl_lines="8-10" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +#### 注意 + +参数: + +```Python +connect_args={"check_same_thread": False} +``` + +...仅用于`SQLite`，在其他数据库不需要它。 + +!!! info "技术细节" + + 默认情况下，SQLite 只允许一个线程与其通信，假设有多个线程的话，也只将处理一个独立的请求。 + + 这是为了防止意外地为不同的事物（不同的请求）共享相同的连接。 + + 但是在 FastAPI 中，普遍使用def函数，多个线程可以为同一个请求与数据库交互，所以我们需要使用`connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}`来让SQLite允许这样。 + + 此外，我们将确保每个请求都在依赖项中获得自己的数据库连接会话，因此不需要该默认机制。 + +### 创建一个`SessionLocal`类 + +每个实例`SessionLocal`都会是一个数据库会话。当然该类本身还不是数据库会话。 + +但是一旦我们创建了一个`SessionLocal`类的实例，这个实例将是实际的数据库会话。 + +我们命名它是`SessionLocal`为了将它与我们从 SQLAlchemy 导入的`Session`区别开来。 + +稍后我们将使用`Session`（从 SQLAlchemy 导入的那个）。 + +要创建`SessionLocal`类，请使用函数`sessionmaker`： + +```Python hl_lines="11" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +### 创建一个`Base`类 + +现在我们将使用`declarative_base()`返回一个类。 + +稍后我们将用这个类继承，来创建每个数据库模型或类（ORM 模型）： + +```Python hl_lines="13" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +## 创建数据库模型 + +现在让我们看看文件`sql_app/models.py`。 + +### 用`Base`类来创建 SQLAlchemy 模型 + +我们将使用我们之前创建的`Base`类来创建 SQLAlchemy 模型。 + +!!! tip + SQLAlchemy 使用的“**模型**”这个术语 来指代与数据库交互的这些类和实例。 + + 而 Pydantic 也使用“模型”这个术语 来指代不同的东西，即数据验证、转换以及文档类和实例。 + +从`database`（来自上面的`database.py`文件）导入`Base`。 + +创建从它继承的类。 + +这些类就是 SQLAlchemy 模型。 + +```Python hl_lines="4 7-8 18-19" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py!} +``` + +这个`__tablename__`属性是用来告诉 SQLAlchemy 要在数据库中为每个模型使用的数据库表的名称。 + +### 创建模型属性/列 + +现在创建所有模型（类）属性。 + +这些属性中的每一个都代表其相应数据库表中的一列。 + +我们使用`Column`来表示 SQLAlchemy 中的默认值。 + +我们传递一个 SQLAlchemy “类型”，如`Integer`、`String`和`Boolean`，它定义了数据库中的类型，作为参数。 + +```Python hl_lines="1 10-13 21-24" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py!} +``` + +### 创建关系 + +现在创建关系。 + +为此，我们使用SQLAlchemy ORM提供的`relationship`。 + +这将或多或少会成为一种“神奇”属性，其中表示该表与其他相关的表中的值。 + +```Python hl_lines="2 15 26" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py!} +``` + +当访问 user 中的属性`items`时，如 中`my_user.items`，它将有一个`Item`SQLAlchemy 模型列表（来自`items`表），这些模型具有指向`users`表中此记录的外键。 + +当您访问`my_user.items`时，SQLAlchemy 实际上会从`items`表中的获取一批记录并在此处填充进去。 + +同样，当访问 Item中的属性`owner`时，它将包含表中的`User`SQLAlchemy 模型`users`。使用`owner_id`属性/列及其外键来了解要从`users`表中获取哪条记录。 + +## 创建 Pydantic 模型 + +现在让我们查看一下文件`sql_app/schemas.py`。 + +!!! tip + 为了避免 SQLAlchemy*模型*和 Pydantic*模型*之间的混淆，我们将有`models.py`（SQLAlchemy 模型的文件）和`schemas.py`（ Pydantic 模型的文件）。 + + 这些 Pydantic 模型或多或少地定义了一个“schema”（一个有效的数据形状）。 + + 因此，这将帮助我们在使用两者时避免混淆。 + +### 创建初始 Pydantic*模型*/模式 + +创建一个`ItemBase`和`UserBase`Pydantic*模型*（或者我们说“schema”）以及在创建或读取数据时具有共同的属性。 + +`ItemCreate`为 创建一个`UserCreate`继承自它们的所有属性（因此它们将具有相同的属性），以及创建所需的任何其他数据（属性）。 + +因此在创建时也应当有一个`password`属性。 + +但是为了安全起见，`password`不会出现在其他同类 Pydantic*模型*中，例如用户请求时不应该从 API 返回响应中包含它。 + +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="3 6-8 11-12 23-24 27-28" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="3 6-8 11-12 23-24 27-28" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4-6 9-10 21-22 25-26" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!} + ``` + +#### SQLAlchemy 风格和 Pydantic 风格 + +请注意，SQLAlchemy*模型*使用 `=`来定义属性，并将类型作为参数传递给`Column`，例如： + +```Python +name = Column(String) +``` + +虽然 Pydantic*模型*使用`:` 声明类型，但新的类型注释语法/类型提示是： + +```Python +name: str +``` + +请牢记这一点，这样您在使用`:`还是`=`时就不会感到困惑。 + +### 创建用于读取/返回的Pydantic*模型/模式* + +现在创建当从 API 返回数据时、将在读取数据时使用的Pydantic*模型（schemas）。* + +例如，在创建一个项目之前，我们不知道分配给它的 ID 是什么，但是在读取它时（从 API 返回时）我们已经知道它的 ID。 + +同样，当读取用户时，我们现在可以声明`items`，将包含属于该用户的项目。 + +不仅是这些项目的 ID，还有我们在 Pydantic*模型*中定义的用于读取项目的所有数据：`Item`. + +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-17 31-34" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-17 31-34" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="13-15 29-32" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip + 请注意，读取用户（从 API 返回）时将使用不包括`password`的`User` Pydantic*模型*。 + +### 使用 Pydantic 的`orm_mode` + +现在，在用于查询的 Pydantic*模型*`Item`中`User`，添加一个内部`Config`类。 + +此类[`Config`](https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/model_config/)用于为 Pydantic 提供配置。 + +在`Config`类中，设置属性`orm_mode = True`。 + +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="15 19-20 31 36-37" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="15 19-20 31 36-37" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="13 17-18 29 34-35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip + 请注意，它使用`=`分配一个值，例如： + + `orm_mode = True` + + 它不使用之前的`:`来类型声明。 + + 这是设置配置值，而不是声明类型。 + +Pydantic`orm_mode`将告诉 Pydantic*模型*读取数据，即它不是一个`dict`，而是一个 ORM 模型（或任何其他具有属性的任意对象）。 + +这样，而不是仅仅试图从`dict`上 `id` 中获取值，如下所示： + +```Python +id = data["id"] +``` + +尝试从属性中获取它，如： + +```Python +id = data.id +``` + +有了这个，Pydantic*模型*与 ORM 兼容，您只需在*路径操作*`response_model`的参数中声明它即可。 + +您将能够返回一个数据库模型，它将从中读取数据。 + +#### ORM 模式的技术细节 + +SQLAlchemy 和许多其他默认情况下是“延迟加载”。 + +这意味着，例如，除非您尝试访问包含该数据的属性，否则它们不会从数据库中获取关系数据。 + +例如，访问属性`items`： + +```Python +current_user.items +``` + +将使 SQLAlchemy 转到`items`表并获取该用户的项目，在调用`.items`之前不会去查询数据库。 + +没有`orm_mode`，如果您从*路径操作*返回一个 SQLAlchemy 模型，它不会包含关系数据。 + +即使您在 Pydantic 模型中声明了这些关系，也没有用处。 + +但是在 ORM 模式下，由于 Pydantic 本身会尝试从属性访问它需要的数据（而不是假设为 `dict`），你可以声明你想要返回的特定数据，它甚至可以从 ORM 中获取它。 + +## CRUD工具 + +现在让我们看看文件`sql_app/crud.py`。 + +在这个文件中，我们将编写可重用的函数用来与数据库中的数据进行交互。 + +**CRUD**分别为：**增加**、**查询**、**更改**和**删除**，即增删改查。 + +...虽然在这个例子中我们只是新增和查询。 + +### 读取数据 + +从 `sqlalchemy.orm`中导入`Session`，这将允许您声明`db`参数的类型，并在您的函数中进行更好的类型检查和完成。 + +导入之前的`models`（SQLAlchemy 模型）和`schemas`（Pydantic*模型*/模式）。 + +创建一些实用函数来完成： + +* 通过 ID 和电子邮件查询单个用户。 +* 查询多个用户。 +* 查询多个项目。 + +```Python hl_lines="1 3 6-7 10-11 14-15 27-28" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/crud.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 通过创建仅专用于与数据库交互（获取用户或项目）的函数，独立于*路径操作函数*，您可以更轻松地在多个部分中重用它们，并为它们添加单元测试。 + +### 创建数据 + +现在创建实用程序函数来创建数据。 + +它的步骤是： + +* 使用您的数据创建一个 SQLAlchemy 模型*实例。* +* 使用`add`来将该实例对象添加到您的数据库。 +* 使用`commit`来对数据库的事务提交（以便保存它们）。 +* 使用`refresh`来刷新您的数据库实例（以便它包含来自数据库的任何新数据，例如生成的 ID）。 + +```Python hl_lines="18-24 31-36" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/crud.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + SQLAlchemy 模型`User`包含一个`hashed_password`，它应该是一个包含散列的安全密码。 + + 但由于 API 客户端提供的是原始密码，因此您需要将其提取并在应用程序中生成散列密码。 + + 然后将hashed_password参数与要保存的值一起传递。 + +!!! warning + 此示例不安全，密码未经过哈希处理。 + + 在现实生活中的应用程序中，您需要对密码进行哈希处理，并且永远不要以明文形式保存它们。 + + 有关更多详细信息，请返回教程中的安全部分。 + + 在这里，我们只关注数据库的工具和机制。 + +!!! tip + 这里不是将每个关键字参数传递给Item并从Pydantic模型中读取每个参数，而是先生成一个字典，其中包含Pydantic模型的数据： + + `item.dict()` + + 然后我们将dict的键值对 作为关键字参数传递给 SQLAlchemy `Item`： + + `Item(**item.dict())` + + 然后我们传递 Pydantic模型未提供的额外关键字参数`owner_id`： + + `Item(**item.dict(), owner_id=user_id)` + +## 主**FastAPI**应用程序 + +现在在`sql_app/main.py`文件中 让我们集成和使用我们之前创建的所有其他部分。 + +### 创建数据库表 + +以非常简单的方式创建数据库表： + +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +#### Alembic 注意 + +通常你可能会使用 Alembic，来进行格式化数据库（创建表等）。 + +而且您还可以将 Alembic 用于“迁移”（这是它的主要工作）。 + +“迁移”是每当您更改 SQLAlchemy 模型的结构、添加新属性等以在数据库中复制这些更改、添加新列、新表等时所需的一组步骤。 + +您可以在[Project Generation - Template](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/project-generation/)的模板中找到一个 FastAPI 项目中的 Alembic 示例。具体在[`alembic`代码目录中](https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql/tree/master/%7B%7Bcookiecutter.project_slug%7D%7D/backend/app/alembic/)。 + +### 创建依赖项 + +现在使用我们在`sql_app/database.py`文件中创建的`SessionLocal`来创建依赖项。 + +我们需要每个请求有一个独立的数据库会话/连接（`SessionLocal`），在所有请求中使用相同的会话，然后在请求完成后关闭它。 + +然后将为下一个请求创建一个新会话。 + +为此，我们将创建一个新的依赖项`yield`，正如前面关于[Dependencies with`yield`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield/)的部分中所解释的那样。 + +我们的依赖项将创建一个新的 SQLAlchemy `SessionLocal`，它将在单个请求中使用，然后在请求完成后关闭它。 + +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="13-18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + 我们将`SessionLocal()`请求的创建和处理放在一个`try`块中。 + + 然后我们在finally块中关闭它。 + + 通过这种方式，我们确保数据库会话在请求后始终关闭。即使在处理请求时出现异常。 + + 但是您不能从退出代码中引发另一个异常（在yield之后）。可以查阅 [Dependencies with yield and HTTPException](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield/#dependencies-with-yield-and-httpexception) + +*然后，当在路径操作函数*中使用依赖项时，我们使用`Session`，直接从 SQLAlchemy 导入的类型声明它。 + +*这将为我们在路径操作函数*中提供更好的编辑器支持，因为编辑器将知道`db`参数的类型`Session`： + +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="24 32 38 47 53" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="22 30 36 45 51" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +!!! info "技术细节" + 参数`db`实际上是 type `SessionLocal`，但是这个类（用 创建`sessionmaker()`）是 SQLAlchemy 的“代理” `Session`，所以，编辑器并不真正知道提供了哪些方法。 + + 但是通过将类型声明为Session，编辑器现在可以知道可用的方法（.add()、.query()、.commit()等）并且可以提供更好的支持（比如完成）。类型声明不影响实际对象。 + +### 创建您的**FastAPI** *路径操作* + +现在，到了最后，编写标准的**FastAPI** *路径操作*代码。 + +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="23-28 31-34 37-42 45-49 52-55" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="21-26 29-32 35-40 43-47 50-53" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +我们在依赖项中的每个请求之前利用`yield`创建数据库会话，然后关闭它。 + +所以我们就可以在*路径操作函数*中创建需要的依赖，就能直接获取会话。 + +这样，我们就可以直接从*路径操作函数*内部调用`crud.get_user`并使用该会话，来进行对数据库操作。 + +!!! tip + 请注意，您返回的值是 SQLAlchemy 模型或 SQLAlchemy 模型列表。 + + 但是由于所有路径操作的response_model都使用 Pydantic模型/使用orm_mode模式，因此您的 Pydantic 模型中声明的数据将从它们中提取并返回给客户端，并进行所有正常的过滤和验证。 + +!!! tip + 另请注意，`response_models`应当是标准 Python 类型，例如`List[schemas.Item]`. + + 但是由于它的内容/参数List是一个 使用orm_mode模式的Pydantic模型，所以数据将被正常检索并返回给客户端，所以没有问题。 + +### 关于 `def` 对比 `async def` + +*在这里，我们在路径操作函数*和依赖项中都使用着 SQLAlchemy 模型，它将与外部数据库进行通信。 + +这会需要一些“等待时间”。 + +但是由于 SQLAlchemy 不具有`await`直接使用的兼容性，因此类似于： + +```Python +user = await db.query(User).first() +``` + +...相反，我们可以使用： + +```Python +user = db.query(User).first() +``` + +然后我们应该声明*路径操作函数*和不带 的依赖关系`async def`，只需使用普通的`def`，如下： + +```Python hl_lines="2" +@app.get("/users/{user_id}", response_model=schemas.User) +def read_user(user_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_user = crud.get_user(db, user_id=user_id) + ... +``` + +!!! info + 如果您需要异步连接到关系数据库，请参阅[Async SQL (Relational) Databases](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/advanced/async-sql-databases/) + +!!! note "Very Technical Details" + 如果您很好奇并且拥有深厚的技术知识，您可以在[Async](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/async/#very-technical-details)文档中查看有关如何处理 `async def`于`def`差别的技术细节。 + +## 迁移 + +因为我们直接使用 SQLAlchemy，并且我们不需要任何类型的插件来使用**FastAPI**，所以我们可以直接将数据库迁移至[Alembic](https://alembic.sqlalchemy.org/)进行集成。 + +由于与 SQLAlchemy 和 SQLAlchemy 模型相关的代码位于单独的独立文件中，您甚至可以使用 Alembic 执行迁移，而无需安装 FastAPI、Pydantic 或其他任何东西。 + +同样，您将能够在与**FastAPI**无关的代码的其他部分中使用相同的 SQLAlchemy 模型和实用程序。 + +例如，在具有[Celery](https://docs.celeryq.dev/)、[RQ](https://python-rq.org/)或[ARQ](https://arq-docs.helpmanual.io/)的后台任务工作者中。 + +## 审查所有文件 + +最后回顾整个案例，您应该有一个名为的目录`my_super_project`，其中包含一个名为`sql_app`。 + +`sql_app`中应该有以下文件： + +* `sql_app/__init__.py`：这是一个空文件。 + +* `sql_app/database.py`： + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +* `sql_app/models.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py!} +``` + +* `sql_app/schemas.py`: + +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 及以上版本" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!} + ``` + +* `sql_app/crud.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/crud.py!} +``` + +* `sql_app/main.py`: + +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +## 执行项目 + +您可以复制这些代码并按原样使用它。 + +!!! info + + 事实上，这里的代码只是大多数测试代码的一部分。 + +你可以用 Uvicorn 运行它： + + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn sql_app.main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +打开浏览器进入 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs。 + +您将能够与您的**FastAPI**应用程序交互，从真实数据库中读取数据： + + + +## 直接与数据库交互 + +如果您想独立于 FastAPI 直接浏览 SQLite 数据库（文件）以调试其内容、添加表、列、记录、修改数据等，您可以使用[SQLite 的 DB Browser](https://sqlitebrowser.org/) + +它看起来像这样： + + + +您还可以使用[SQLite Viewer](https://inloop.github.io/sqlite-viewer/)或[ExtendsClass](https://extendsclass.com/sqlite-browser.html)等在线 SQLite 浏览器。 + +## 中间件替代数据库会话 + +如果你不能使用依赖项`yield`——例如，如果你没有使用**Python 3.7**并且不能安装上面提到的**Python 3.6**的“backports” ——你可以在类似的“中间件”中设置会话方法。 + +“中间件”基本功能是一个为每个请求执行的函数在请求之前进行执行相应的代码，以及在请求执行之后执行相应的代码。 + +### 创建中间件 + +我们将添加中间件（只是一个函数）将为每个请求创建一个新的 SQLAlchemy`SessionLocal`，将其添加到请求中，然后在请求完成后关闭它。 + +=== "Python 3.6 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="14-22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/alt_main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 及以上版本" + + ```Python hl_lines="12-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/alt_main.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + 我们将`SessionLocal()`请求的创建和处理放在一个`try`块中。 + + 然后我们在finally块中关闭它。 + + 通过这种方式，我们确保数据库会话在请求后始终关闭，即使在处理请求时出现异常也会关闭。 + +### 关于`request.state` + +`request.state`是每个`Request`对象的属性。它用于存储附加到请求本身的任意对象，例如本例中的数据库会话。您可以在[Starlette 的关于`Request`state](https://www.starlette.io/requests/#other-state)的文档中了解更多信息。 + +对于这种情况下，它帮助我们确保在所有请求中使用单个数据库会话，然后关闭（在中间件中）。 + +### 使用`yield`依赖项与使用中间件的区别 + +在此处添加**中间件**与`yield`的依赖项的作用效果类似，但也有一些区别： + +* 中间件需要更多的代码并且更复杂一些。 +* 中间件必须是一个`async`函数。 + * 如果其中有代码必须“等待”网络，它可能会在那里“阻止”您的应用程序并稍微降低性能。 + * 尽管这里的`SQLAlchemy`工作方式可能不是很成问题。 + * 但是，如果您向等待大量I/O的中间件添加更多代码，则可能会出现问题。 +* *每个*请求都会运行一个中间件。 + * 将为每个请求创建一个连接。 + * 即使处理该请求的*路径操作*不需要数据库。 + +!!! tip + `tyield`当依赖项 足以满足用例时，使用`tyield`依赖项方法会更好。 + +!!! info + `yield`的依赖项是最近刚加入**FastAPI**中的。 + + 所以本教程的先前版本只有带有中间件的示例，并且可能有多个应用程序使用中间件进行数据库会话管理。 diff --git a/docs/zh/mkdocs.yml b/docs/zh/mkdocs.yml index f9bfd6875..f4c3c0ec1 100644 --- a/docs/zh/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/zh/mkdocs.yml @@ -85,18 +85,22 @@ nav: - tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md - tutorial/handling-errors.md - tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md + - tutorial/encoder.md - tutorial/body-updates.md - 依赖项: - tutorial/dependencies/index.md + - tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md - tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md - tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md - tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md - 安全性: - tutorial/security/index.md + - tutorial/security/first-steps.md - tutorial/security/get-current-user.md - tutorial/security/simple-oauth2.md - tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md - tutorial/cors.md + - tutorial/sql-databases.md - tutorial/bigger-applications.md - tutorial/metadata.md - tutorial/debugging.md @@ -106,6 +110,8 @@ nav: - advanced/additional-status-codes.md - advanced/response-directly.md - advanced/custom-response.md + - advanced/response-cookies.md + - advanced/wsgi.md - contributing.md - help-fastapi.md - benchmarks.md @@ -126,6 +132,8 @@ markdown_extensions: format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' - pymdownx.tabbed: alternate_style: true +- attr_list +- md_in_html extra: analytics: provider: google diff --git a/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py index 79dcc2efe..ffa821b91 100644 --- a/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py @@ -19,5 +19,4 @@ app = FastAPI() async def read_item(item_id: str): if item_id == "foo": return {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"} - else: - return JSONResponse(status_code=404, content={"message": "Item not found"}) + return JSONResponse(status_code=404, content={"message": "Item not found"}) diff --git a/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py b/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py index e98460372..95e6ca763 100644 --- a/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py +++ b/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py @@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/", response_class=ORJSONResponse) async def read_items(): - return [{"item_id": "Foo"}] + return ORJSONResponse([{"item_id": "Foo"}]) diff --git a/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py b/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de6b6688e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +from typing import Any + +import orjson +from fastapi import FastAPI, Response + +app = FastAPI() + + +class CustomORJSONResponse(Response): + media_type = "application/json" + + def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes: + assert orjson is not None, "orjson must be installed" + return orjson.dumps(content, option=orjson.OPT_INDENT_2) + + +@app.get("/", response_class=CustomORJSONResponse) +async def main(): + return {"message": "Hello World"} diff --git a/docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py b/docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py index 8e3767744..9a24a4963 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py +++ b/docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/models/{model_name}") async def get_model(model_name: ModelName): - if model_name == ModelName.alexnet: + if model_name is ModelName.alexnet: return {"model_name": model_name, "message": "Deep Learning FTW!"} if model_name.value == "lenet": diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial007.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial007.py index 90b9ac054..790ee10bc 100644 --- a/docs_src/security/tutorial007.py +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial007.py @@ -9,9 +9,17 @@ security = HTTPBasic() def get_current_username(credentials: HTTPBasicCredentials = Depends(security)): - correct_username = secrets.compare_digest(credentials.username, "stanleyjobson") - correct_password = secrets.compare_digest(credentials.password, "swordfish") - if not (correct_username and correct_password): + current_username_bytes = credentials.username.encode("utf8") + correct_username_bytes = b"stanleyjobson" + is_correct_username = secrets.compare_digest( + current_username_bytes, correct_username_bytes + ) + current_password_bytes = credentials.password.encode("utf8") + correct_password_bytes = b"swordfish" + is_correct_password = secrets.compare_digest( + current_password_bytes, correct_password_bytes + ) + if not (is_correct_username and is_correct_password): raise HTTPException( status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, detail="Incorrect email or password", diff --git a/fastapi/__init__.py b/fastapi/__init__.py index e5cdbeb09..a5c7aeb17 100644 --- a/fastapi/__init__.py +++ b/fastapi/__init__.py @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ """FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production""" -__version__ = "0.79.0" +__version__ = "0.86.0" from starlette import status as status diff --git a/fastapi/applications.py b/fastapi/applications.py index 7530ddb9b..61d4582d2 100644 --- a/fastapi/applications.py +++ b/fastapi/applications.py @@ -33,9 +33,10 @@ from fastapi.types import DecoratedCallable from fastapi.utils import generate_unique_id from starlette.applications import Starlette from starlette.datastructures import State -from starlette.exceptions import ExceptionMiddleware, HTTPException +from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException from starlette.middleware import Middleware from starlette.middleware.errors import ServerErrorMiddleware +from starlette.middleware.exceptions import ExceptionMiddleware from starlette.requests import Request from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse, JSONResponse, Response from starlette.routing import BaseRoute @@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): path: str, endpoint: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -331,7 +332,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -434,7 +435,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -489,7 +490,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -544,7 +545,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -599,7 +600,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -635,10 +636,10 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): response_description=response_description, responses=responses, deprecated=deprecated, + operation_id=operation_id, response_model_include=response_model_include, response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude, response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias, - operation_id=operation_id, response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset, response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults, response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none, @@ -654,7 +655,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -709,7 +710,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -764,7 +765,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, @@ -819,7 +820,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, diff --git a/fastapi/concurrency.py b/fastapi/concurrency.py index becac3f33..31b878d5d 100644 --- a/fastapi/concurrency.py +++ b/fastapi/concurrency.py @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -import sys +from contextlib import AsyncExitStack as AsyncExitStack # noqa +from contextlib import asynccontextmanager as asynccontextmanager from typing import AsyncGenerator, ContextManager, TypeVar +import anyio +from anyio import CapacityLimiter from starlette.concurrency import iterate_in_threadpool as iterate_in_threadpool # noqa from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool as run_in_threadpool # noqa from starlette.concurrency import ( # noqa run_until_first_complete as run_until_first_complete, ) -if sys.version_info >= (3, 7): - from contextlib import AsyncExitStack as AsyncExitStack - from contextlib import asynccontextmanager as asynccontextmanager -else: - from contextlib2 import AsyncExitStack as AsyncExitStack # noqa - from contextlib2 import asynccontextmanager as asynccontextmanager # noqa - - _T = TypeVar("_T") @@ -22,11 +17,24 @@ _T = TypeVar("_T") async def contextmanager_in_threadpool( cm: ContextManager[_T], ) -> AsyncGenerator[_T, None]: + # blocking __exit__ from running waiting on a free thread + # can create race conditions/deadlocks if the context manager itself + # has it's own internal pool (e.g. a database connection pool) + # to avoid this we let __exit__ run without a capacity limit + # since we're creating a new limiter for each call, any non-zero limit + # works (1 is arbitrary) + exit_limiter = CapacityLimiter(1) try: yield await run_in_threadpool(cm.__enter__) except Exception as e: - ok: bool = await run_in_threadpool(cm.__exit__, type(e), e, None) + ok = bool( + await anyio.to_thread.run_sync( + cm.__exit__, type(e), e, None, limiter=exit_limiter + ) + ) if not ok: raise e else: - await run_in_threadpool(cm.__exit__, None, None, None) + await anyio.to_thread.run_sync( + cm.__exit__, None, None, None, limiter=exit_limiter + ) diff --git a/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py b/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py index f397e333c..64a6c1276 100644 --- a/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py +++ b/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from typing import ( Callable, Coroutine, Dict, + ForwardRef, List, Mapping, Optional, @@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model from pydantic.error_wrappers import ErrorWrapper from pydantic.errors import MissingError from pydantic.fields import ( + SHAPE_FROZENSET, SHAPE_LIST, SHAPE_SEQUENCE, SHAPE_SET, @@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ from pydantic.fields import ( Undefined, ) from pydantic.schema import get_annotation_from_field_info -from pydantic.typing import ForwardRef, evaluate_forwardref +from pydantic.typing import evaluate_forwardref from pydantic.utils import lenient_issubclass from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool @@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ from starlette.websockets import WebSocket sequence_shapes = { SHAPE_LIST, SHAPE_SET, + SHAPE_FROZENSET, SHAPE_TUPLE, SHAPE_SEQUENCE, SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS, @@ -161,7 +164,6 @@ def get_sub_dependant( ) if security_requirement: sub_dependant.security_requirements.append(security_requirement) - sub_dependant.security_scopes = security_scopes return sub_dependant @@ -278,7 +280,13 @@ def get_dependant( path_param_names = get_path_param_names(path) endpoint_signature = get_typed_signature(call) signature_params = endpoint_signature.parameters - dependant = Dependant(call=call, name=name, path=path, use_cache=use_cache) + dependant = Dependant( + call=call, + name=name, + path=path, + security_scopes=security_scopes, + use_cache=use_cache, + ) for param_name, param in signature_params.items(): if isinstance(param.default, params.Depends): sub_dependant = get_param_sub_dependant( @@ -295,10 +303,7 @@ def get_dependant( assert is_scalar_field( field=param_field ), "Path params must be of one of the supported types" - if isinstance(param.default, params.Path): - ignore_default = False - else: - ignore_default = True + ignore_default = not isinstance(param.default, params.Path) param_field = get_param_field( param=param, param_name=param_name, @@ -421,22 +426,22 @@ def is_coroutine_callable(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> bool: return inspect.iscoroutinefunction(call) if inspect.isclass(call): return False - call = getattr(call, "__call__", None) - return inspect.iscoroutinefunction(call) + dunder_call = getattr(call, "__call__", None) + return inspect.iscoroutinefunction(dunder_call) def is_async_gen_callable(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> bool: if inspect.isasyncgenfunction(call): return True - call = getattr(call, "__call__", None) - return inspect.isasyncgenfunction(call) + dunder_call = getattr(call, "__call__", None) + return inspect.isasyncgenfunction(dunder_call) def is_gen_callable(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> bool: if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(call): return True - call = getattr(call, "__call__", None) - return inspect.isgeneratorfunction(call) + dunder_call = getattr(call, "__call__", None) + return inspect.isgeneratorfunction(dunder_call) async def solve_generator( @@ -495,7 +500,6 @@ async def solve_dependencies( name=sub_dependant.name, security_scopes=sub_dependant.security_scopes, ) - use_sub_dependant.security_scopes = sub_dependant.security_scopes solved_result = await solve_dependencies( request=request, diff --git a/fastapi/encoders.py b/fastapi/encoders.py index 4b7ffe313..6bde9f4ab 100644 --- a/fastapi/encoders.py +++ b/fastapi/encoders.py @@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ def jsonable_encoder( if custom_encoder: encoder.update(custom_encoder) obj_dict = obj.dict( - include=include, # type: ignore # in Pydantic - exclude=exclude, # type: ignore # in Pydantic + include=include, + exclude=exclude, by_alias=by_alias, exclude_unset=exclude_unset, exclude_none=exclude_none, @@ -71,7 +71,18 @@ def jsonable_encoder( sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe, ) if dataclasses.is_dataclass(obj): - return dataclasses.asdict(obj) + obj_dict = dataclasses.asdict(obj) + return jsonable_encoder( + obj_dict, + include=include, + exclude=exclude, + by_alias=by_alias, + exclude_unset=exclude_unset, + exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults, + exclude_none=exclude_none, + custom_encoder=custom_encoder, + sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe, + ) if isinstance(obj, Enum): return obj.value if isinstance(obj, PurePath): @@ -80,6 +91,11 @@ def jsonable_encoder( return obj if isinstance(obj, dict): encoded_dict = {} + allowed_keys = set(obj.keys()) + if include is not None: + allowed_keys &= set(include) + if exclude is not None: + allowed_keys -= set(exclude) for key, value in obj.items(): if ( ( @@ -88,7 +104,7 @@ def jsonable_encoder( or (not key.startswith("_sa")) ) and (value is not None or not exclude_none) - and ((include and key in include) or not exclude or key not in exclude) + and key in allowed_keys ): encoded_key = jsonable_encoder( key, @@ -132,10 +148,10 @@ def jsonable_encoder( if isinstance(obj, classes_tuple): return encoder(obj) - errors: List[Exception] = [] try: data = dict(obj) except Exception as e: + errors: List[Exception] = [] errors.append(e) try: data = vars(obj) @@ -144,6 +160,8 @@ def jsonable_encoder( raise ValueError(errors) return jsonable_encoder( data, + include=include, + exclude=exclude, by_alias=by_alias, exclude_unset=exclude_unset, exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults, diff --git a/fastapi/exception_handlers.py b/fastapi/exception_handlers.py index 2b286d71c..4d7ea5ec2 100644 --- a/fastapi/exception_handlers.py +++ b/fastapi/exception_handlers.py @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError +from fastapi.utils import is_body_allowed_for_status_code from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException from starlette.requests import Request -from starlette.responses import JSONResponse +from starlette.responses import JSONResponse, Response from starlette.status import HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY -async def http_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: HTTPException) -> JSONResponse: +async def http_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: HTTPException) -> Response: headers = getattr(exc, "headers", None) - if headers: - return JSONResponse( - {"detail": exc.detail}, status_code=exc.status_code, headers=headers - ) - else: - return JSONResponse({"detail": exc.detail}, status_code=exc.status_code) + if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(exc.status_code): + return Response(status_code=exc.status_code, headers=headers) + return JSONResponse( + {"detail": exc.detail}, status_code=exc.status_code, headers=headers + ) async def request_validation_exception_handler( diff --git a/fastapi/openapi/docs.py b/fastapi/openapi/docs.py index d6af17a85..bf335118f 100644 --- a/fastapi/openapi/docs.py +++ b/fastapi/openapi/docs.py @@ -106,6 +106,9 @@ def get_redoc_html( + @@ -115,12 +118,14 @@ def get_redoc_html( def get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html() -> HTMLResponse: + # copied from https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/blob/v4.14.0/dist/oauth2-redirect.html html = """ - + - - - + + Swagger UI: OAuth2 Redirect + + + + """ return HTMLResponse(content=html) diff --git a/fastapi/openapi/utils.py b/fastapi/openapi/utils.py index 5d3d95c24..86e15b46d 100644 --- a/fastapi/openapi/utils.py +++ b/fastapi/openapi/utils.py @@ -222,9 +222,18 @@ def get_openapi_path( ) parameters.extend(operation_parameters) if parameters: - operation["parameters"] = list( - {param["name"]: param for param in parameters}.values() - ) + all_parameters = { + (param["in"], param["name"]): param for param in parameters + } + required_parameters = { + (param["in"], param["name"]): param + for param in parameters + if param.get("required") + } + # Make sure required definitions of the same parameter take precedence + # over non-required definitions + all_parameters.update(required_parameters) + operation["parameters"] = list(all_parameters.values()) if method in METHODS_WITH_BODY: request_body_oai = get_openapi_operation_request_body( body_field=route.body_field, model_name_map=model_name_map diff --git a/fastapi/responses.py b/fastapi/responses.py index 6cd793157..88dba96e8 100644 --- a/fastapi/responses.py +++ b/fastapi/responses.py @@ -31,4 +31,6 @@ class ORJSONResponse(JSONResponse): def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes: assert orjson is not None, "orjson must be installed to use ORJSONResponse" - return orjson.dumps(content) + return orjson.dumps( + content, option=orjson.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS | orjson.OPT_SERIALIZE_NUMPY + ) diff --git a/fastapi/routing.py b/fastapi/routing.py index 6f1a8e900..8c0bec5e6 100644 --- a/fastapi/routing.py +++ b/fastapi/routing.py @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import dataclasses import email.message import inspect import json +from contextlib import AsyncExitStack from enum import Enum, IntEnum from typing import ( Any, @@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ async def serialize_response( if is_coroutine: value, errors_ = field.validate(response_content, {}, loc=("response",)) else: - value, errors_ = await run_in_threadpool( # type: ignore[misc] + value, errors_ = await run_in_threadpool( field.validate, response_content, {}, loc=("response",) ) if isinstance(errors_, ErrorWrapper): @@ -190,6 +191,9 @@ def get_request_handler( if body_field: if is_body_form: body = await request.form() + stack = request.scope.get("fastapi_astack") + assert isinstance(stack, AsyncExitStack) + stack.push_async_callback(body.close) else: body_bytes = await request.body() if body_bytes: @@ -209,7 +213,11 @@ def get_request_handler( else: body = body_bytes except json.JSONDecodeError as e: - raise RequestValidationError([ErrorWrapper(e, ("body", e.pos))], body=e.doc) + raise RequestValidationError( + [ErrorWrapper(e, ("body", e.pos))], body=e.doc + ) from e + except HTTPException: + raise except Exception as e: raise HTTPException( status_code=400, detail="There was an error parsing the body" @@ -254,7 +262,7 @@ def get_request_handler( is_coroutine=is_coroutine, ) response = actual_response_class(content, **response_args) - if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(status_code): + if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(response.status_code): response.body = b"" response.headers.raw.extend(sub_response.headers.raw) return response @@ -293,14 +301,14 @@ class APIWebSocketRoute(routing.WebSocketRoute): self.path = path self.endpoint = endpoint self.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name - self.dependant = get_dependant(path=path, call=self.endpoint) + self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path) + self.dependant = get_dependant(path=self.path_format, call=self.endpoint) self.app = websocket_session( get_websocket_app( dependant=self.dependant, dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider, ) ) - self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path) def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> Tuple[Match, Scope]: match, child_scope = super().matches(scope) @@ -315,7 +323,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route): path: str, endpoint: Callable[..., Any], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -409,7 +417,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route): self.description = description or inspect.cleandoc(self.endpoint.__doc__ or "") # if a "form feed" character (page break) is found in the description text, # truncate description text to the content preceding the first "form feed" - self.description = self.description.split("\f")[0] + self.description = self.description.split("\f")[0].strip() response_fields = {} for additional_status_code, response in self.responses.items(): assert isinstance(response, dict), "An additional response must be a dict" @@ -511,7 +519,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): path: str, endpoint: Callable[..., Any], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -592,7 +600,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -787,7 +795,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -843,7 +851,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -899,7 +907,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -955,7 +963,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -1011,7 +1019,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -1067,7 +1075,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -1123,7 +1131,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, @@ -1179,7 +1187,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = None, status_code: Optional[int] = None, tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, diff --git a/fastapi/security/api_key.py b/fastapi/security/api_key.py index adb619077..06a45aebd 100644 --- a/fastapi/security/api_key.py +++ b/fastapi/security/api_key.py @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class APIKeyQuery(APIKeyBase): self.auto_error = auto_error async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> Optional[str]: - api_key: str = request.query_params.get(self.model.name) + api_key = request.query_params.get(self.model.name) if not api_key: if self.auto_error: raise HTTPException( diff --git a/fastapi/security/oauth2.py b/fastapi/security/oauth2.py index 888208c15..653c3010e 100644 --- a/fastapi/security/oauth2.py +++ b/fastapi/security/oauth2.py @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class OAuth2(SecurityBase): flows: Union[OAuthFlowsModel, Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]] = OAuthFlowsModel(), scheme_name: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, - auto_error: Optional[bool] = True + auto_error: bool = True ): self.model = OAuth2Model(flows=flows, description=description) self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__ diff --git a/fastapi/utils.py b/fastapi/utils.py index 887d57c90..b94dacecc 100644 --- a/fastapi/utils.py +++ b/fastapi/utils.py @@ -21,6 +21,16 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING: # pragma: nocover def is_body_allowed_for_status_code(status_code: Union[int, str, None]) -> bool: if status_code is None: return True + # Ref: https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/main/versions/3.1.0.md#patterned-fields-1 + if status_code in { + "default", + "1XX", + "2XX", + "3XX", + "4XX", + "5XX", + }: + return True current_status_code = int(status_code) return not (current_status_code < 200 or current_status_code in {204, 304}) @@ -37,6 +47,8 @@ def get_model_definitions( ) definitions.update(m_definitions) model_name = model_name_map[model] + if "description" in m_schema: + m_schema["description"] = m_schema["description"].split("\f")[0] definitions[model_name] = m_schema return definitions @@ -50,7 +62,7 @@ def create_response_field( type_: Type[Any], class_validators: Optional[Dict[str, Validator]] = None, default: Optional[Any] = None, - required: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = False, + required: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = True, model_config: Type[BaseConfig] = BaseConfig, field_info: Optional[FieldInfo] = None, alias: Optional[str] = None, @@ -87,7 +99,7 @@ def create_cloned_field( ) -> ModelField: # _cloned_types has already cloned types, to support recursive models if cloned_types is None: - cloned_types = dict() + cloned_types = {} original_type = field.type_ if is_dataclass(original_type) and hasattr(original_type, "__pydantic_model__"): original_type = original_type.__pydantic_model__ @@ -140,14 +152,14 @@ def generate_operation_id_for_path( stacklevel=2, ) operation_id = name + path - operation_id = re.sub("[^0-9a-zA-Z_]", "_", operation_id) + operation_id = re.sub(r"\W", "_", operation_id) operation_id = operation_id + "_" + method.lower() return operation_id def generate_unique_id(route: "APIRoute") -> str: operation_id = route.name + route.path_format - operation_id = re.sub("[^0-9a-zA-Z_]", "_", operation_id) + operation_id = re.sub(r"\W", "_", operation_id) assert route.methods operation_id = operation_id + "_" + list(route.methods)[0].lower() return operation_id @@ -161,6 +173,12 @@ def deep_dict_update(main_dict: Dict[Any, Any], update_dict: Dict[Any, Any]) -> and isinstance(value, dict) ): deep_dict_update(main_dict[key], value) + elif ( + key in main_dict + and isinstance(main_dict[key], list) + and isinstance(update_dict[key], list) + ): + main_dict[key] = main_dict[key] + update_dict[key] else: main_dict[key] = value diff --git a/fastapi/websockets.py b/fastapi/websockets.py index bed672acf..55a4ac4a1 100644 --- a/fastapi/websockets.py +++ b/fastapi/websockets.py @@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ from starlette.websockets import WebSocket as WebSocket # noqa from starlette.websockets import WebSocketDisconnect as WebSocketDisconnect # noqa +from starlette.websockets import WebSocketState as WebSocketState # noqa diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml index 5ffdf93ad..a23289fb1 100644 --- a/pyproject.toml +++ b/pyproject.toml @@ -1,12 +1,16 @@ [build-system] -requires = ["flit"] -build-backend = "flit.buildapi" +requires = ["hatchling"] +build-backend = "hatchling.build" -[tool.flit.metadata] -module = "fastapi" -author = "Sebastián Ramírez" -author-email = "tiangolo@gmail.com" -home-page = "https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" +[project] +name = "fastapi" +description = "FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production" +readme = "README.md" +requires-python = ">=3.7" +license = "MIT" +authors = [ + { name = "Sebastián Ramírez", email = "tiangolo@gmail.com" }, +] classifiers = [ "Intended Audience :: Information Technology", "Intended Audience :: System Administrators", @@ -26,48 +30,52 @@ classifiers = [ "Intended Audience :: Developers", "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only", - "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10", + "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11", "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: HTTP Servers", "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP", ] -requires = [ - "starlette==0.19.1", +dependencies = [ + "starlette==0.20.4", "pydantic >=1.6.2,!=1.7,!=1.7.1,!=1.7.2,!=1.7.3,!=1.8,!=1.8.1,<2.0.0", ] -description-file = "README.md" -requires-python = ">=3.6.1" +dynamic = ["version"] -[tool.flit.metadata.urls] +[project.urls] +Homepage = "https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" Documentation = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/" -[tool.flit.metadata.requires-extra] +[project.optional-dependencies] test = [ - "pytest >=6.2.4,<7.0.0", - "pytest-cov >=2.12.0,<4.0.0", - "mypy ==0.910", - "flake8 >=3.8.3,<4.0.0", - "black == 22.3.0", + "pytest >=7.1.3,<8.0.0", + "coverage[toml] >= 6.5.0,<7.0", + "mypy ==0.982", + "flake8 >=3.8.3,<6.0.0", + "black == 22.8.0", "isort >=5.0.6,<6.0.0", "requests >=2.24.0,<3.0.0", - "httpx >=0.14.0,<0.19.0", + "httpx >=0.23.0,<0.24.0", "email_validator >=1.1.1,<2.0.0", - "sqlalchemy >=1.3.18,<1.5.0", + # TODO: once removing databases from tutorial, upgrade SQLAlchemy + # probably when including SQLModel + "sqlalchemy >=1.3.18,<=1.4.41", "peewee >=3.13.3,<4.0.0", - "databases[sqlite] >=0.3.2,<0.6.0", + "databases[sqlite] >=0.3.2,<0.7.0", "orjson >=3.2.1,<4.0.0", "ujson >=4.0.1,!=4.0.2,!=4.1.0,!=4.2.0,!=4.3.0,!=5.0.0,!=5.1.0,<6.0.0", "python-multipart >=0.0.5,<0.0.6", "flask >=1.1.2,<3.0.0", "anyio[trio] >=3.2.1,<4.0.0", + "python-jose[cryptography] >=3.3.0,<4.0.0", + "pyyaml >=5.3.1,<7.0.0", + "passlib[bcrypt] >=1.7.2,<2.0.0", # types - "types-ujson ==4.2.1", + "types-ujson ==5.5.0", "types-orjson ==3.6.2", - "types-dataclasses ==0.6.5; python_version<'3.7'", ] doc = [ "mkdocs >=1.1.2,<2.0.0", @@ -76,15 +84,13 @@ doc = [ "mkdocs-markdownextradata-plugin >=0.1.7,<0.3.0", # TODO: upgrade and enable typer-cli once it supports Click 8.x.x # "typer-cli >=0.0.12,<0.0.13", - "typer >=0.4.1,<0.5.0", + "typer[all] >=0.6.1,<0.7.0", "pyyaml >=5.3.1,<7.0.0", ] dev = [ - "python-jose[cryptography] >=3.3.0,<4.0.0", - "passlib[bcrypt] >=1.7.2,<2.0.0", "autoflake >=1.4.0,<2.0.0", - "flake8 >=3.8.3,<4.0.0", - "uvicorn[standard] >=0.12.0,<0.18.0", + "flake8 >=3.8.3,<6.0.0", + "uvicorn[standard] >=0.12.0,<0.19.0", "pre-commit >=2.17.0,<3.0.0", ] all = [ @@ -96,29 +102,18 @@ all = [ "ujson >=4.0.1,!=4.0.2,!=4.1.0,!=4.2.0,!=4.3.0,!=5.0.0,!=5.1.0,<6.0.0", "orjson >=3.2.1,<4.0.0", "email_validator >=1.1.1,<2.0.0", - "uvicorn[standard] >=0.12.0,<0.18.0", + "uvicorn[standard] >=0.12.0,<0.19.0", ] +[tool.hatch.version] +path = "fastapi/__init__.py" + [tool.isort] profile = "black" known_third_party = ["fastapi", "pydantic", "starlette"] [tool.mypy] -# --strict -disallow_any_generics = true -disallow_subclassing_any = true -disallow_untyped_calls = true -disallow_untyped_defs = true -disallow_incomplete_defs = true -check_untyped_defs = true -disallow_untyped_decorators = true -no_implicit_optional = true -warn_redundant_casts = true -warn_unused_ignores = true -warn_return_any = true -implicit_reexport = false -strict_equality = true -# --strict end +strict = true [[tool.mypy.overrides]] module = "fastapi.concurrency" @@ -142,6 +137,23 @@ filterwarnings = [ # TODO: needed by asyncio in Python 3.9.7 https://bugs.python.org/issue45097, try to remove on 3.9.8 'ignore:The loop argument is deprecated since Python 3\.8, and scheduled for removal in Python 3\.10:DeprecationWarning:asyncio', 'ignore:starlette.middleware.wsgi is deprecated and will be removed in a future release\..*:DeprecationWarning:starlette', - # TODO: remove after dropping support for Python 3.6 - 'ignore:Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.:UserWarning:jose', + # TODO: remove after upgrading HTTPX to a version newer than 0.23.0 + # Including PR: https://github.com/encode/httpx/pull/2309 + "ignore:'cgi' is deprecated:DeprecationWarning", + # For passlib + "ignore:'crypt' is deprecated and slated for removal in Python 3.13:DeprecationWarning", + # see https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/history.html#trio-0-22-0-2022-09-28 + "ignore:You seem to already have a custom.*:RuntimeWarning:trio", + "ignore::trio.TrioDeprecationWarning", + # TODO remove pytest-cov + 'ignore::pytest.PytestDeprecationWarning:pytest_cov', +] + +[tool.coverage.run] +parallel = true +source = [ + "docs_src", + "tests", + "fastapi" ] +context = '${CONTEXT}' diff --git a/scripts/docs.py b/scripts/docs.py index 40569e193..d5fbacf59 100644 --- a/scripts/docs.py +++ b/scripts/docs.py @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ import os import re import shutil +import subprocess from http.server import HTTPServer, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler from multiprocessing import Pool from pathlib import Path @@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ def build_lang( ) current_dir = os.getcwd() os.chdir(build_lang_path) - mkdocs.commands.build.build(mkdocs.config.load_config(site_dir=str(dist_path))) + subprocess.run(["mkdocs", "build", "--site-dir", dist_path], check=True) os.chdir(current_dir) typer.secho(f"Successfully built docs for: {lang}", color=typer.colors.GREEN) @@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ def build_all(): current_dir = os.getcwd() os.chdir(en_docs_path) typer.echo("Building docs for: en") - mkdocs.commands.build.build(mkdocs.config.load_config(site_dir=str(site_path))) + subprocess.run(["mkdocs", "build", "--site-dir", site_path], check=True) os.chdir(current_dir) langs = [] for lang in get_lang_paths(): diff --git a/scripts/test-cov-html.sh b/scripts/test-cov-html.sh index 7957277fc..d1bdfced2 100755 --- a/scripts/test-cov-html.sh +++ b/scripts/test-cov-html.sh @@ -3,4 +3,7 @@ set -e set -x -bash scripts/test.sh --cov-report=html ${@} +bash scripts/test.sh ${@} +coverage combine +coverage report --show-missing +coverage html diff --git a/scripts/test.sh b/scripts/test.sh index d445ca174..62449ea41 100755 --- a/scripts/test.sh +++ b/scripts/test.sh @@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ set -x # Check README.md is up to date python ./scripts/docs.py verify-readme export PYTHONPATH=./docs_src -pytest --cov=fastapi --cov=tests --cov=docs_src --cov-report=term-missing:skip-covered --cov-report=xml tests ${@} +coverage run -m pytest tests ${@} diff --git a/tests/main.py b/tests/main.py index f70496db8..fce665704 100644 --- a/tests/main.py +++ b/tests/main.py @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ import http -from typing import Optional +from typing import FrozenSet, Optional from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query @@ -192,3 +192,8 @@ def get_query_param_required_type(query: int = Query()): @app.get("/enum-status-code", status_code=http.HTTPStatus.CREATED) def get_enum_status_code(): return "foo bar" + + +@app.get("/query/frozenset") +def get_query_type_frozenset(query: FrozenSet[int] = Query(...)): + return ",".join(map(str, sorted(query))) diff --git a/tests/test_additional_responses_router.py b/tests/test_additional_responses_router.py index d2b73058f..fe4956f8f 100644 --- a/tests/test_additional_responses_router.py +++ b/tests/test_additional_responses_router.py @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI from fastapi.testclient import TestClient +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class ResponseModel(BaseModel): + message: str + app = FastAPI() router = APIRouter() @@ -33,6 +39,18 @@ async def c(): return "c" +@router.get( + "/d", + responses={ + "400": {"description": "Error with str"}, + "5XX": {"model": ResponseModel}, + "default": {"model": ResponseModel}, + }, +) +async def d(): + return "d" + + app.include_router(router) openapi_schema = { @@ -81,6 +99,45 @@ openapi_schema = { "operationId": "c_c_get", } }, + "/d": { + "get": { + "responses": { + "400": {"description": "Error with str"}, + "5XX": { + "description": "Server Error", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ResponseModel"} + } + }, + }, + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}}, + }, + "default": { + "description": "Default Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ResponseModel"} + } + }, + }, + }, + "summary": "D", + "operationId": "d_d_get", + } + }, + }, + "components": { + "schemas": { + "ResponseModel": { + "title": "ResponseModel", + "required": ["message"], + "type": "object", + "properties": {"message": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"}}, + } + } }, } @@ -109,3 +166,9 @@ def test_c(): response = client.get("/c") assert response.status_code == 200, response.text assert response.json() == "c" + + +def test_d(): + response = client.get("/d") + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == "d" diff --git a/tests/test_application.py b/tests/test_application.py index d9194c15c..b7d72f9ad 100644 --- a/tests/test_application.py +++ b/tests/test_application.py @@ -1090,6 +1090,41 @@ openapi_schema = { "operationId": "get_enum_status_code_enum_status_code_get", } }, + "/query/frozenset": { + "get": { + "summary": "Get Query Type Frozenset", + "operationId": "get_query_type_frozenset_query_frozenset_get", + "parameters": [ + { + "required": True, + "schema": { + "title": "Query", + "uniqueItems": True, + "type": "array", + "items": {"type": "integer"}, + }, + "name": "query", + "in": "query", + } + ], + "responses": { + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}}, + }, + "422": { + "description": "Validation Error", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError" + } + } + }, + }, + }, + } + }, }, "components": { "schemas": { diff --git a/tests/test_custom_middleware_exception.py b/tests/test_custom_middleware_exception.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d9b81e7c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_custom_middleware_exception.py @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +from pathlib import Path +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI, File, UploadFile +from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +app = FastAPI() + +router = APIRouter() + + +class ContentSizeLimitMiddleware: + """Content size limiting middleware for ASGI applications + Args: + app (ASGI application): ASGI application + max_content_size (optional): the maximum content size allowed in bytes, None for no limit + """ + + def __init__(self, app: APIRouter, max_content_size: Optional[int] = None): + self.app = app + self.max_content_size = max_content_size + + def receive_wrapper(self, receive): + received = 0 + + async def inner(): + nonlocal received + message = await receive() + if message["type"] != "http.request": + return message # pragma: no cover + + body_len = len(message.get("body", b"")) + received += body_len + if received > self.max_content_size: + raise HTTPException( + 422, + detail={ + "name": "ContentSizeLimitExceeded", + "code": 999, + "message": "File limit exceeded", + }, + ) + return message + + return inner + + async def __call__(self, scope, receive, send): + if scope["type"] != "http" or self.max_content_size is None: + await self.app(scope, receive, send) + return + + wrapper = self.receive_wrapper(receive) + await self.app(scope, wrapper, send) + + +@router.post("/middleware") +def run_middleware(file: UploadFile = File(..., description="Big File")): + return {"message": "OK"} + + +app.include_router(router) +app.add_middleware(ContentSizeLimitMiddleware, max_content_size=2**8) + + +client = TestClient(app) + + +def test_custom_middleware_exception(tmp_path: Path): + default_pydantic_max_size = 2**16 + path = tmp_path / "test.txt" + path.write_bytes(b"x" * (default_pydantic_max_size + 1)) + + with client: + with open(path, "rb") as file: + response = client.post("/middleware", files={"file": file}) + assert response.status_code == 422, response.text + assert response.json() == { + "detail": { + "name": "ContentSizeLimitExceeded", + "code": 999, + "message": "File limit exceeded", + } + } + + +def test_custom_middleware_exception_not_raised(tmp_path: Path): + path = tmp_path / "test.txt" + path.write_bytes(b"") + + with client: + with open(path, "rb") as file: + response = client.post("/middleware", files={"file": file}) + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == {"message": "OK"} diff --git a/tests/test_datastructures.py b/tests/test_datastructures.py index 43f1a116c..2e6217d34 100644 --- a/tests/test_datastructures.py +++ b/tests/test_datastructures.py @@ -1,6 +1,10 @@ +from pathlib import Path +from typing import List + import pytest -from fastapi import UploadFile +from fastapi import FastAPI, UploadFile from fastapi.datastructures import Default +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient def test_upload_file_invalid(): @@ -20,3 +24,25 @@ def test_default_placeholder_bool(): placeholder_b = Default("") assert placeholder_a assert not placeholder_b + + +def test_upload_file_is_closed(tmp_path: Path): + path = tmp_path / "test.txt" + path.write_bytes(b"") + app = FastAPI() + + testing_file_store: List[UploadFile] = [] + + @app.post("/uploadfile/") + def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile): + testing_file_store.append(file) + return {"filename": file.filename} + + client = TestClient(app) + with path.open("rb") as file: + response = client.post("/uploadfile/", files={"file": file}) + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == {"filename": "test.txt"} + + assert testing_file_store + assert testing_file_store[0].file.closed diff --git a/tests/test_dependency_cache.py b/tests/test_dependency_cache.py index 65ed7f946..08fb9b74f 100644 --- a/tests/test_dependency_cache.py +++ b/tests/test_dependency_cache.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security from fastapi.testclient import TestClient app = FastAPI() @@ -35,6 +35,19 @@ async def get_sub_counter_no_cache( return {"counter": count, "subcounter": subcount} +@app.get("/scope-counter") +async def get_scope_counter( + count: int = Security(dep_counter), + scope_count_1: int = Security(dep_counter, scopes=["scope"]), + scope_count_2: int = Security(dep_counter, scopes=["scope"]), +): + return { + "counter": count, + "scope_counter_1": scope_count_1, + "scope_counter_2": scope_count_2, + } + + client = TestClient(app) @@ -66,3 +79,13 @@ def test_sub_counter_no_cache(): response = client.get("/sub-counter-no-cache/") assert response.status_code == 200, response.text assert response.json() == {"counter": 4, "subcounter": 3} + + +def test_security_cache(): + counter_holder["counter"] = 0 + response = client.get("/scope-counter/") + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == {"counter": 1, "scope_counter_1": 2, "scope_counter_2": 2} + response = client.get("/scope-counter/") + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == {"counter": 3, "scope_counter_1": 4, "scope_counter_2": 4} diff --git a/tests/test_enforce_once_required_parameter.py b/tests/test_enforce_once_required_parameter.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba8c7353f --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_enforce_once_required_parameter.py @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Query, status +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +app = FastAPI() + + +def _get_client_key(client_id: str = Query(...)) -> str: + return f"{client_id}_key" + + +def _get_client_tag(client_id: Optional[str] = Query(None)) -> Optional[str]: + if client_id is None: + return None + return f"{client_id}_tag" + + +@app.get("/foo") +def foo_handler( + client_key: str = Depends(_get_client_key), + client_tag: Optional[str] = Depends(_get_client_tag), +): + return {"client_id": client_key, "client_tag": client_tag} + + +client = TestClient(app) + +expected_schema = { + "components": { + "schemas": { + "HTTPValidationError": { + "properties": { + "detail": { + "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"}, + "title": "Detail", + "type": "array", + } + }, + "title": "HTTPValidationError", + "type": "object", + }, + "ValidationError": { + "properties": { + "loc": { + "items": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]}, + "title": "Location", + "type": "array", + }, + "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"}, + "type": {"title": "Error " "Type", "type": "string"}, + }, + "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"], + "title": "ValidationError", + "type": "object", + }, + } + }, + "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"}, + "openapi": "3.0.2", + "paths": { + "/foo": { + "get": { + "operationId": "foo_handler_foo_get", + "parameters": [ + { + "in": "query", + "name": "client_id", + "required": True, + "schema": {"title": "Client Id", "type": "string"}, + }, + ], + "responses": { + "200": { + "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}}, + "description": "Successful " "Response", + }, + "422": { + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError" + } + } + }, + "description": "Validation " "Error", + }, + }, + "summary": "Foo Handler", + } + } + }, +} + + +def test_schema(): + response = client.get("/openapi.json") + assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK + actual_schema = response.json() + assert actual_schema == expected_schema + + +def test_get_invalid(): + response = client.get("/foo", params={"client_id": None}) + assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY + + +def test_get_valid(): + response = client.get("/foo", params={"client_id": "bar"}) + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == {"client_id": "bar_key", "client_tag": "bar_tag"} diff --git a/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py b/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py index ed35fd32e..f4fdcf601 100644 --- a/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py +++ b/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +from dataclasses import dataclass from datetime import datetime, timezone from enum import Enum from pathlib import PurePath, PurePosixPath, PureWindowsPath @@ -19,6 +20,12 @@ class Pet: self.name = name +@dataclass +class Item: + name: str + count: int + + class DictablePerson(Person): def __iter__(self): return ((k, v) for k, v in self.__dict__.items()) @@ -93,16 +100,51 @@ def fixture_model_with_path(request): return ModelWithPath(path=request.param("/foo", "bar")) +def test_encode_dict(): + pet = {"name": "Firulais", "owner": {"name": "Foo"}} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet) == {"name": "Firulais", "owner": {"name": "Foo"}} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={"name"}) == {"name": "Firulais"} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={"owner"}) == {"name": "Firulais"} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={}) == {} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={}) == { + "name": "Firulais", + "owner": {"name": "Foo"}, + } + + def test_encode_class(): person = Person(name="Foo") pet = Pet(owner=person, name="Firulais") assert jsonable_encoder(pet) == {"name": "Firulais", "owner": {"name": "Foo"}} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={"name"}) == {"name": "Firulais"} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={"owner"}) == {"name": "Firulais"} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={}) == {} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={}) == { + "name": "Firulais", + "owner": {"name": "Foo"}, + } def test_encode_dictable(): person = DictablePerson(name="Foo") pet = DictablePet(owner=person, name="Firulais") assert jsonable_encoder(pet) == {"name": "Firulais", "owner": {"name": "Foo"}} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={"name"}) == {"name": "Firulais"} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={"owner"}) == {"name": "Firulais"} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={}) == {} + assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={}) == { + "name": "Firulais", + "owner": {"name": "Foo"}, + } + + +def test_encode_dataclass(): + item = Item(name="foo", count=100) + assert jsonable_encoder(item) == {"name": "foo", "count": 100} + assert jsonable_encoder(item, include={"name"}) == {"name": "foo"} + assert jsonable_encoder(item, exclude={"count"}) == {"name": "foo"} + assert jsonable_encoder(item, include={}) == {} + assert jsonable_encoder(item, exclude={}) == {"name": "foo", "count": 100} def test_encode_unsupported(): @@ -144,6 +186,14 @@ def test_encode_model_with_default(): assert jsonable_encoder(model, exclude_unset=True, exclude_defaults=True) == { "foo": "foo" } + assert jsonable_encoder(model, include={"foo"}) == {"foo": "foo"} + assert jsonable_encoder(model, exclude={"bla"}) == {"foo": "foo", "bar": "bar"} + assert jsonable_encoder(model, include={}) == {} + assert jsonable_encoder(model, exclude={}) == { + "foo": "foo", + "bar": "bar", + "bla": "bla", + } def test_custom_encoders(): diff --git a/tests/test_openapi_query_parameter_extension.py b/tests/test_openapi_query_parameter_extension.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d3996f26e --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_openapi_query_parameter_extension.py @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get( + "/", + openapi_extra={ + "parameters": [ + { + "required": False, + "schema": {"title": "Extra Param 1"}, + "name": "extra_param_1", + "in": "query", + }, + { + "required": True, + "schema": {"title": "Extra Param 2"}, + "name": "extra_param_2", + "in": "query", + }, + ] + }, +) +def route_with_extra_query_parameters(standard_query_param: Optional[int] = 50): + return {} + + +client = TestClient(app) + + +openapi_schema = { + "openapi": "3.0.2", + "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"}, + "paths": { + "/": { + "get": { + "summary": "Route With Extra Query Parameters", + "operationId": "route_with_extra_query_parameters__get", + "parameters": [ + { + "required": False, + "schema": { + "title": "Standard Query Param", + "type": "integer", + "default": 50, + }, + "name": "standard_query_param", + "in": "query", + }, + { + "required": False, + "schema": {"title": "Extra Param 1"}, + "name": "extra_param_1", + "in": "query", + }, + { + "required": True, + "schema": {"title": "Extra Param 2"}, + "name": "extra_param_2", + "in": "query", + }, + ], + "responses": { + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}}, + }, + "422": { + "description": "Validation Error", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError" + } + } + }, + }, + }, + } + } + }, + "components": { + "schemas": { + "HTTPValidationError": { + "title": "HTTPValidationError", + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "detail": { + "title": "Detail", + "type": "array", + "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"}, + } + }, + }, + "ValidationError": { + "title": "ValidationError", + "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"], + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "loc": { + "title": "Location", + "type": "array", + "items": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]}, + }, + "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"}, + "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"}, + }, + }, + } + }, +} + + +def test_openapi(): + response = client.get("/openapi.json") + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == openapi_schema + + +def test_get_route(): + response = client.get("/") + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == {} diff --git a/tests/test_orjson_response_class.py b/tests/test_orjson_response_class.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6fe62daf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_orjson_response_class.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient +from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import quoted_name + +app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse) + + +@app.get("/orjson_non_str_keys") +def get_orjson_non_str_keys(): + key = quoted_name(value="msg", quote=False) + return {key: "Hello World", 1: 1} + + +client = TestClient(app) + + +def test_orjson_non_str_keys(): + with client: + response = client.get("/orjson_non_str_keys") + assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello World", "1": 1} diff --git a/tests/test_query.py b/tests/test_query.py index cdbdd1ccd..0c73eb665 100644 --- a/tests/test_query.py +++ b/tests/test_query.py @@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ response_not_valid_int = { ("/query/param-required/int", 422, response_missing), ("/query/param-required/int?query=50", 200, "foo bar 50"), ("/query/param-required/int?query=foo", 422, response_not_valid_int), + ("/query/frozenset/?query=1&query=1&query=2", 200, "1,2"), ], ) def test_get_path(path, expected_status, expected_response): diff --git a/tests/test_repeated_parameter_alias.py b/tests/test_repeated_parameter_alias.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..823f53a95 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_repeated_parameter_alias.py @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query, status +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/{repeated_alias}") +def get_parameters_with_repeated_aliases( + path: str = Path(..., alias="repeated_alias"), + query: str = Query(..., alias="repeated_alias"), +): + return {"path": path, "query": query} + + +client = TestClient(app) + +openapi_schema = { + "components": { + "schemas": { + "HTTPValidationError": { + "properties": { + "detail": { + "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"}, + "title": "Detail", + "type": "array", + } + }, + "title": "HTTPValidationError", + "type": "object", + }, + "ValidationError": { + "properties": { + "loc": { + "items": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]}, + "title": "Location", + "type": "array", + }, + "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"}, + "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"}, + }, + "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"], + "title": "ValidationError", + "type": "object", + }, + } + }, + "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"}, + "openapi": "3.0.2", + "paths": { + "/{repeated_alias}": { + "get": { + "operationId": "get_parameters_with_repeated_aliases__repeated_alias__get", + "parameters": [ + { + "in": "path", + "name": "repeated_alias", + "required": True, + "schema": {"title": "Repeated Alias", "type": "string"}, + }, + { + "in": "query", + "name": "repeated_alias", + "required": True, + "schema": {"title": "Repeated Alias", "type": "string"}, + }, + ], + "responses": { + "200": { + "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}}, + "description": "Successful Response", + }, + "422": { + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError" + } + } + }, + "description": "Validation Error", + }, + }, + "summary": "Get Parameters With Repeated Aliases", + } + } + }, +} + + +def test_openapi_schema(): + response = client.get("/openapi.json") + assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK + actual_schema = response.json() + assert actual_schema == openapi_schema + + +def test_get_parameters(): + response = client.get("/test_path", params={"repeated_alias": "test_query"}) + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == {"path": "test_path", "query": "test_query"} diff --git a/tests/test_reponse_set_reponse_code_empty.py b/tests/test_reponse_set_reponse_code_empty.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..094d54a84 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_reponse_set_reponse_code_empty.py @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +from typing import Any + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Response +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.delete( + "/{id}", + status_code=204, +) +async def delete_deployment( + id: int, + response: Response, +) -> Any: + response.status_code = 400 + return {"msg": "Status overwritten", "id": id} + + +client = TestClient(app) + + +openapi_schema = { + "openapi": "3.0.2", + "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"}, + "paths": { + "/{id}": { + "delete": { + "summary": "Delete Deployment", + "operationId": "delete_deployment__id__delete", + "parameters": [ + { + "required": True, + "schema": {"title": "Id", "type": "integer"}, + "name": "id", + "in": "path", + } + ], + "responses": { + "204": {"description": "Successful Response"}, + "422": { + "description": "Validation Error", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError" + } + } + }, + }, + }, + } + } + }, + "components": { + "schemas": { + "HTTPValidationError": { + "title": "HTTPValidationError", + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "detail": { + "title": "Detail", + "type": "array", + "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"}, + } + }, + }, + "ValidationError": { + "title": "ValidationError", + "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"], + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "loc": { + "title": "Location", + "type": "array", + "items": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]}, + }, + "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"}, + "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"}, + }, + }, + } + }, +} + + +def test_openapi_schema(): + response = client.get("/openapi.json") + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + assert response.json() == openapi_schema + + +def test_dependency_set_status_code(): + response = client.delete("/1") + assert response.status_code == 400 and response.content + assert response.json() == {"msg": "Status overwritten", "id": 1} diff --git a/tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py b/tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py index 5047aeaa4..f07d2c3b8 100644 --- a/tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py +++ b/tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ def query_example_examples( default=None, example="query_overriden", examples={ - "example1": {"summary": "Qeury example 1", "value": "query1"}, + "example1": {"summary": "Query example 1", "value": "query1"}, "example2": {"value": "query2"}, }, ), @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ def header_example_examples( default=None, example="header_overriden", examples={ - "example1": {"summary": "Qeury example 1", "value": "header1"}, + "example1": {"summary": "Query example 1", "value": "header1"}, "example2": {"value": "header2"}, }, ), @@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ def cookie_example_examples( default=None, example="cookie_overriden", examples={ - "example1": {"summary": "Qeury example 1", "value": "cookie1"}, + "example1": {"summary": "Query example 1", "value": "cookie1"}, "example2": {"value": "cookie2"}, }, ), @@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ openapi_schema = { "schema": {"title": "Data", "type": "string"}, "examples": { "example1": { - "summary": "Qeury example 1", + "summary": "Query example 1", "value": "query1", }, "example2": {"value": "query2"}, @@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ openapi_schema = { "schema": {"title": "Data", "type": "string"}, "examples": { "example1": { - "summary": "Qeury example 1", + "summary": "Query example 1", "value": "header1", }, "example2": {"value": "header2"}, @@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ openapi_schema = { "schema": {"title": "Data", "type": "string"}, "examples": { "example1": { - "summary": "Qeury example 1", + "summary": "Query example 1", "value": "cookie1", }, "example2": {"value": "cookie2"}, diff --git a/tests/test_serialize_response_dataclass.py b/tests/test_serialize_response_dataclass.py index e520338ec..1e3bf3b28 100644 --- a/tests/test_serialize_response_dataclass.py +++ b/tests/test_serialize_response_dataclass.py @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ +from dataclasses import dataclass +from datetime import datetime from typing import List, Optional from fastapi import FastAPI from fastapi.testclient import TestClient -from pydantic.dataclasses import dataclass app = FastAPI() @@ -10,54 +11,64 @@ app = FastAPI() @dataclass class Item: name: str + date: datetime price: Optional[float] = None owner_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None @app.get("/items/valid", response_model=Item) def get_valid(): - return {"name": "valid", "price": 1.0} + return {"name": "valid", "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26), "price": 1.0} @app.get("/items/object", response_model=Item) def get_object(): - return Item(name="object", price=1.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3]) + return Item( + name="object", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26), price=1.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3] + ) @app.get("/items/coerce", response_model=Item) def get_coerce(): - return {"name": "coerce", "price": "1.0"} + return {"name": "coerce", "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), "price": "1.0"} @app.get("/items/validlist", response_model=List[Item]) def get_validlist(): return [ - {"name": "foo"}, - {"name": "bar", "price": 1.0}, - {"name": "baz", "price": 2.0, "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3]}, + {"name": "foo", "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26)}, + {"name": "bar", "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26), "price": 1.0}, + { + "name": "baz", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26), + "price": 2.0, + "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3], + }, ] @app.get("/items/objectlist", response_model=List[Item]) def get_objectlist(): return [ - Item(name="foo"), - Item(name="bar", price=1.0), - Item(name="baz", price=2.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3]), + Item(name="foo", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26)), + Item(name="bar", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26), price=1.0), + Item(name="baz", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26), price=2.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3]), ] @app.get("/items/no-response-model/object") def get_no_response_model_object(): - return Item(name="object", price=1.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3]) + return Item( + name="object", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26), price=1.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3] + ) @app.get("/items/no-response-model/objectlist") def get_no_response_model_objectlist(): return [ - Item(name="foo"), - Item(name="bar", price=1.0), - Item(name="baz", price=2.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3]), + Item(name="foo", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26)), + Item(name="bar", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26), price=1.0), + Item(name="baz", date=datetime(2021, 7, 26), price=2.0, owner_ids=[1, 2, 3]), ] @@ -67,28 +78,58 @@ client = TestClient(app) def test_valid(): response = client.get("/items/valid") response.raise_for_status() - assert response.json() == {"name": "valid", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": None} + assert response.json() == { + "name": "valid", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 1.0, + "owner_ids": None, + } def test_object(): response = client.get("/items/object") response.raise_for_status() - assert response.json() == {"name": "object", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3]} + assert response.json() == { + "name": "object", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 1.0, + "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3], + } def test_coerce(): response = client.get("/items/coerce") response.raise_for_status() - assert response.json() == {"name": "coerce", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": None} + assert response.json() == { + "name": "coerce", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 1.0, + "owner_ids": None, + } def test_validlist(): response = client.get("/items/validlist") response.raise_for_status() assert response.json() == [ - {"name": "foo", "price": None, "owner_ids": None}, - {"name": "bar", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": None}, - {"name": "baz", "price": 2.0, "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3]}, + { + "name": "foo", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": None, + "owner_ids": None, + }, + { + "name": "bar", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 1.0, + "owner_ids": None, + }, + { + "name": "baz", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 2.0, + "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3], + }, ] @@ -96,23 +137,58 @@ def test_objectlist(): response = client.get("/items/objectlist") response.raise_for_status() assert response.json() == [ - {"name": "foo", "price": None, "owner_ids": None}, - {"name": "bar", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": None}, - {"name": "baz", "price": 2.0, "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3]}, + { + "name": "foo", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": None, + "owner_ids": None, + }, + { + "name": "bar", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 1.0, + "owner_ids": None, + }, + { + "name": "baz", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 2.0, + "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3], + }, ] def test_no_response_model_object(): response = client.get("/items/no-response-model/object") response.raise_for_status() - assert response.json() == {"name": "object", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3]} + assert response.json() == { + "name": "object", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 1.0, + "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3], + } def test_no_response_model_objectlist(): response = client.get("/items/no-response-model/objectlist") response.raise_for_status() assert response.json() == [ - {"name": "foo", "price": None, "owner_ids": None}, - {"name": "bar", "price": 1.0, "owner_ids": None}, - {"name": "baz", "price": 2.0, "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3]}, + { + "name": "foo", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": None, + "owner_ids": None, + }, + { + "name": "bar", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 1.0, + "owner_ids": None, + }, + { + "name": "baz", + "date": datetime(2021, 7, 26).isoformat(), + "price": 2.0, + "owner_ids": [1, 2, 3], + }, ] diff --git a/tests/test_starlette_exception.py b/tests/test_starlette_exception.py index 859169d3c..418ddff7d 100644 --- a/tests/test_starlette_exception.py +++ b/tests/test_starlette_exception.py @@ -18,6 +18,16 @@ async def read_item(item_id: str): return {"item": items[item_id]} +@app.get("/http-no-body-statuscode-exception") +async def no_body_status_code_exception(): + raise HTTPException(status_code=204) + + +@app.get("/http-no-body-statuscode-with-detail-exception") +async def no_body_status_code_with_detail_exception(): + raise HTTPException(status_code=204, detail="I should just disappear!") + + @app.get("/starlette-items/{item_id}") async def read_starlette_item(item_id: str): if item_id not in items: @@ -31,6 +41,30 @@ openapi_schema = { "openapi": "3.0.2", "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"}, "paths": { + "/http-no-body-statuscode-exception": { + "get": { + "operationId": "no_body_status_code_exception_http_no_body_statuscode_exception_get", + "responses": { + "200": { + "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}}, + "description": "Successful Response", + } + }, + "summary": "No Body Status Code Exception", + } + }, + "/http-no-body-statuscode-with-detail-exception": { + "get": { + "operationId": "no_body_status_code_with_detail_exception_http_no_body_statuscode_with_detail_exception_get", + "responses": { + "200": { + "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}}, + "description": "Successful Response", + } + }, + "summary": "No Body Status Code With Detail Exception", + } + }, "/items/{item_id}": { "get": { "responses": { @@ -154,3 +188,15 @@ def test_get_starlette_item_not_found(): assert response.status_code == 404, response.text assert response.headers.get("x-error") is None assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item not found"} + + +def test_no_body_status_code_exception_handlers(): + response = client.get("/http-no-body-statuscode-exception") + assert response.status_code == 204 + assert not response.content + + +def test_no_body_status_code_with_detail_exception_handlers(): + response = client.get("/http-no-body-statuscode-with-detail-exception") + assert response.status_code == 204 + assert not response.content diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_custom_response/test_tutorial009c.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_custom_response/test_tutorial009c.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23c711abe --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_custom_response/test_tutorial009c.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +from docs_src.custom_response.tutorial009c import app + +client = TestClient(app) + + +def test_get(): + response = client.get("/") + assert response.content == b'{\n "message": "Hello World"\n}' diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_path_operation_advanced_configurations/test_tutorial004.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_path_operation_advanced_configurations/test_tutorial004.py index 456e509d5..3de19833b 100644 --- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_path_operation_advanced_configurations/test_tutorial004.py +++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_path_operation_advanced_configurations/test_tutorial004.py @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ openapi_schema = { }, }, "summary": "Create an item", - "description": "Create an item with all the information:\n\n- **name**: each item must have a name\n- **description**: a long description\n- **price**: required\n- **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this\n- **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item\n", + "description": "Create an item with all the information:\n\n- **name**: each item must have a name\n- **description**: a long description\n- **price**: required\n- **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this\n- **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item", "operationId": "create_item_items__post", "requestBody": { "content": { diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases/test_sql_databases.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases/test_sql_databases.py index 09304ff87..9d03ce61b 100644 --- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases/test_sql_databases.py +++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases/test_sql_databases.py @@ -356,12 +356,6 @@ def test_create_item(client): item_to_check = [it for it in user_data["items"] if it["id"] == item_data["id"]][0] assert item_to_check["title"] == item["title"] assert item_to_check["description"] == item["description"] - response = client.get("/users/1") - assert response.status_code == 200, response.text - user_data = response.json() - item_to_check = [it for it in user_data["items"] if it["id"] == item_data["id"]][0] - assert item_to_check["title"] == item["title"] - assert item_to_check["description"] == item["description"] def test_read_items(client): diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases_peewee/test_sql_databases_peewee.py b/tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases_peewee/test_sql_databases_peewee.py index d28ea5e76..1b4a7b302 100644 --- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases_peewee/test_sql_databases_peewee.py +++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases_peewee/test_sql_databases_peewee.py @@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ from unittest.mock import MagicMock import pytest from fastapi.testclient import TestClient -from ...utils import needs_py37 - openapi_schema = { "openapi": "3.0.2", "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"}, @@ -340,14 +338,12 @@ def client(): test_db.unlink() -@needs_py37 def test_openapi_schema(client): response = client.get("/openapi.json") assert response.status_code == 200, response.text assert response.json() == openapi_schema -@needs_py37 def test_create_user(client): test_user = {"email": "johndoe@example.com", "password": "secret"} response = client.post("/users/", json=test_user) @@ -359,7 +355,6 @@ def test_create_user(client): assert response.status_code == 400, response.text -@needs_py37 def test_get_user(client): response = client.get("/users/1") assert response.status_code == 200, response.text @@ -368,13 +363,11 @@ def test_get_user(client): assert "id" in data -@needs_py37 def test_inexistent_user(client): response = client.get("/users/999") assert response.status_code == 404, response.text -@needs_py37 def test_get_users(client): response = client.get("/users/") assert response.status_code == 200, response.text @@ -386,7 +379,6 @@ def test_get_users(client): time.sleep = MagicMock() -@needs_py37 def test_get_slowusers(client): response = client.get("/slowusers/") assert response.status_code == 200, response.text @@ -395,7 +387,6 @@ def test_get_slowusers(client): assert "id" in data[0] -@needs_py37 def test_create_item(client): item = {"title": "Foo", "description": "Something that fights"} response = client.post("/users/1/items/", json=item) @@ -419,7 +410,6 @@ def test_create_item(client): assert item_to_check["description"] == item["description"] -@needs_py37 def test_read_items(client): response = client.get("/items/") assert response.status_code == 200, response.text diff --git a/tests/test_union_inherited_body.py b/tests/test_union_inherited_body.py index 60b327ebc..9ee981b24 100644 --- a/tests/test_union_inherited_body.py +++ b/tests/test_union_inherited_body.py @@ -4,14 +4,6 @@ from fastapi import FastAPI from fastapi.testclient import TestClient from pydantic import BaseModel -from .utils import needs_py37 - -# In Python 3.6: -# u = Union[ExtendedItem, Item] == __main__.Item - -# But in Python 3.7: -# u = Union[ExtendedItem, Item] == typing.Union[__main__.ExtendedItem, __main__.Item] - app = FastAPI() @@ -118,21 +110,18 @@ inherited_item_openapi_schema = { } -@needs_py37 def test_inherited_item_openapi_schema(): response = client.get("/openapi.json") assert response.status_code == 200, response.text assert response.json() == inherited_item_openapi_schema -@needs_py37 def test_post_extended_item(): response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo", "age": 5}) assert response.status_code == 200, response.text assert response.json() == {"item": {"name": "Foo", "age": 5}} -@needs_py37 def test_post_item(): response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo"}) assert response.status_code == 200, response.text diff --git a/tests/test_validate_response.py b/tests/test_validate_response.py index 45d303e20..62f51c960 100644 --- a/tests/test_validate_response.py +++ b/tests/test_validate_response.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import List, Optional +from typing import List, Optional, Union import pytest from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -19,6 +19,19 @@ def get_invalid(): return {"name": "invalid", "price": "foo"} +@app.get("/items/invalidnone", response_model=Item) +def get_invalid_none(): + return None + + +@app.get("/items/validnone", response_model=Union[Item, None]) +def get_valid_none(send_none: bool = False): + if send_none: + return None + else: + return {"name": "invalid", "price": 3.2} + + @app.get("/items/innerinvalid", response_model=Item) def get_innerinvalid(): return {"name": "double invalid", "price": "foo", "owner_ids": ["foo", "bar"]} @@ -41,6 +54,25 @@ def test_invalid(): client.get("/items/invalid") +def test_invalid_none(): + with pytest.raises(ValidationError): + client.get("/items/invalidnone") + + +def test_valid_none_data(): + response = client.get("/items/validnone") + data = response.json() + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert data == {"name": "invalid", "price": 3.2, "owner_ids": None} + + +def test_valid_none_none(): + response = client.get("/items/validnone", params={"send_none": "true"}) + data = response.json() + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert data is None + + def test_double_invalid(): with pytest.raises(ValidationError): client.get("/items/innerinvalid") diff --git a/tests/test_ws_router.py b/tests/test_ws_router.py index fbca104a2..206d743ba 100644 --- a/tests/test_ws_router.py +++ b/tests/test_ws_router.py @@ -35,6 +35,14 @@ async def routerindex2(websocket: WebSocket): await websocket.close() +@router.websocket("/router/{pathparam:path}") +async def routerindexparams(websocket: WebSocket, pathparam: str, queryparam: str): + await websocket.accept() + await websocket.send_text(pathparam) + await websocket.send_text(queryparam) + await websocket.close() + + async def ws_dependency(): return "Socket Dependency" @@ -106,3 +114,14 @@ def test_router_ws_depends_with_override(): app.dependency_overrides[ws_dependency] = lambda: "Override" with client.websocket_connect("/router-ws-depends/") as websocket: assert websocket.receive_text() == "Override" + + +def test_router_with_params(): + client = TestClient(app) + with client.websocket_connect( + "/router/path/to/file?queryparam=a_query_param" + ) as websocket: + data = websocket.receive_text() + assert data == "path/to/file" + data = websocket.receive_text() + assert data == "a_query_param" diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py index 777bfe81d..5305424c4 100644 --- a/tests/utils.py +++ b/tests/utils.py @@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import sys import pytest -needs_py37 = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info < (3, 7), reason="requires python3.7+") needs_py39 = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info < (3, 9), reason="requires python3.9+") needs_py310 = pytest.mark.skipif( sys.version_info < (3, 10), reason="requires python3.10+"