diff --git a/fastapi/routing.py b/fastapi/routing.py
index 457481e32..d720119df 100644
--- a/fastapi/routing.py
+++ b/fastapi/routing.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import asyncio
 import dataclasses
 import email.message
+import functools
 import inspect
 import json
 from contextlib import AsyncExitStack, asynccontextmanager
@@ -21,6 +22,8 @@ from typing import (
     Union,
 )
 
+import anyio
+from anyio import CapacityLimiter
 from fastapi import params
 from fastapi._compat import (
     ModelField,
@@ -165,8 +168,11 @@ async def serialize_response(
         if is_coroutine:
             value, errors_ = field.validate(response_content, {}, loc=("response",))
         else:
-            value, errors_ = await run_in_threadpool(
-                field.validate, response_content, {}, loc=("response",)
+            # Run without a capacity limit for similar reasons as marked in fastapi/concurrency.py
+            exit_limiter = CapacityLimiter(1)
+            validate_func = functools.partial(field.validate, loc=("response",))
+            value, errors_ = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(
+                validate_func, response_content, {}, limiter=exit_limiter
             )
         if isinstance(errors_, list):
             errors.extend(errors_)
diff --git a/tests/test_depends_deadlock.py b/tests/test_depends_deadlock.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..268ae316e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_depends_deadlock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import asyncio
+import threading
+import time
+from typing import Generator
+
+import httpx
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+# Dummy pydantic model
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    id: int
+
+
+# Mutex, acting as our "connection pool" for a database for example
+mutex_db_connection_pool = threading.Lock()
+
+
+# Simulate a database class that uses a connection pool to manage
+# active clients for a db. The client needs to perform blocking
+# calls to connect and disconnect from the db
+class MyDB:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.lock_acquired = False
+
+    def connect(self):
+        mutex_db_connection_pool.acquire()
+        self.lock_acquired = True
+        # Sleep to simulate some blocking IO like connecting to a db
+        time.sleep(0.001)
+
+    def disconnect(self):
+        if self.lock_acquired:
+            # Use a sleep to simulate some blocking IO such as a db disconnect
+            time.sleep(0.001)
+            mutex_db_connection_pool.release()
+            self.lock_acquired = False
+
+
+# Simulate getting a connection to a database from a connection pool
+# using the mutex to act as this limited resource
+def get_db() -> Generator[MyDB, None, None]:
+    my_db = MyDB()
+    try:
+        yield my_db
+    finally:
+        my_db.disconnect()
+
+
+# An endpoint that uses Depends for resource management and also includes
+# a response_model definition would previously deadlock in the validation
+# of the model and the cleanup of the Depends
+@app.get("/deadlock", response_model=Item)
+def get_deadlock(db: MyDB = Depends(get_db)):
+    db.connect()
+    return Item(name="foo", id=1)
+
+
+# Fire off 100 requests in parallel(ish) in order to create contention
+# over the shared resource (simulating a fastapi server that interacts with
+# a database connection pool). After the patch, each thread on the server is
+# able to free the resource without deadlocking, allowing each request to
+# be handled timely
+def test_depends_deadlock_patch():
+    async def make_request(client: httpx.AsyncClient):
+        await client.get("/deadlock")
+
+    async def run_requests():
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(app=app, base_url="http://testserver") as aclient:
+            tasks = [make_request(aclient) for _ in range(100)]
+            await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+
+    asyncio.run(run_requests())