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๐ŸŒ Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/history-design-future.md` (#12646)

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# ์—ญ์‚ฌ, ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜
์–ด๋Š ๋‚ , [ํ•œ FastAPI ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/issues/3#issuecomment-454956920)๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
> ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋งŒ์— ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. [...]
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
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## ๋Œ€์•ˆ
์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ๋จธ์‹ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ๋น„๋™๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—…, NoSQL ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ API๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํŒ€์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. **FastAPI**์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์ „์— ๋‚˜์™”๋˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
[๋Œ€์•ˆ](alternatives.md){.internal-link target=_blank} ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ:
> **FastAPI**๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ๋‚˜์™”๋˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
>
> ์ด์ „์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
>
> ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” **FastAPI**๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ์™€ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์ธ, ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
>
> ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” :term:Python 3.6+ ํƒ€์ž… ํžŒํŠธ <type hints>์™€ ๊ฐ™์€, ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์–ธ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
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## ์กฐ์‚ฌ
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ์ €์™€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํŒ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ‘œ์ค€ :term:Python ํƒ€์ž… ํžŒํŠธ <type hints>์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์ƒ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด๋ฏธ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ **FastAPI**์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ OpenAPI, JSON Schema, OAuth2 ๋ช…์„ธ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„, ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
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## ๋””์ž์ธ
๊ทธ ํ›„, **FastAPI** ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž "API"๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
[Python Developer Survey](https://www.jetbrains.com/research/python-developers-survey-2018/#development-tools)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์•ฝ 80%์˜ Python ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ PyCharm, VS Code, Jedi ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํŽธ์ง‘๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŽธ์ง‘๊ธฐ๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, **FastAPI**์˜ ์ด์ ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํŽธ์ง‘๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฝ”๋“œ ์ค‘๋ณต์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ž๋™ ์™„์„ฑ, ํƒ€์ž… ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ์—๋Ÿฌ ํ™•์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
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## ํ•„์š”์กฐ๊ฑด
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•œ ํ›„, [Pydantic](https://docs.pydantic.dev/)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ดํ›„ ์ €๋Š” **Pydantic**์ด JSON Schema์™€ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ํ˜ธํ™˜๋˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œ์•ฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์„ ์–ธ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํŽธ์ง‘๊ธฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์ž๋™ ์™„์„ฑ๊ณผ ํƒ€์ž… ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋˜ํ•œ, ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์š” ํ•„์š”์กฐ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ๋˜ [Starlette](https://www.starlette.io/)์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
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## ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ
**FastAPI**๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ฆˆ์Œ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ •์˜๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ•„์š”์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค€๋น„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‘œ์ค€๊ณผ ๋ช…์„ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
---
## ๋ฏธ๋ž˜
ํ˜„์‹œ์ ์—์„œ **FastAPI**๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์šฉ๋„์— ๋” ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ ํ˜ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋ฏธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์™€ ํŒ€๋“ค์ด **FastAPI**์— ์˜์กดํ•ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (์ €์™€ ์ œ ํŒ€๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค).
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ๊ณผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
**FastAPI**๋Š” ๋ฐ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  [์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋„์›€](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=_blank}์€ ํฐ ํž˜์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
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