diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/__init__.py b/tests/benchmarks/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/test_general_performance.py b/tests/benchmarks/test_general_performance.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0fc44fed5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/test_general_performance.py
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+import json
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+
+class ItemIn(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    value: int
+
+
+class ItemOut(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    value: int
+    dep: int
+
+
+class LargeIn(BaseModel):
+    items: List[Dict[str, Any]]
+    metadata: Dict[str, Any]
+
+
+class LargeOut(BaseModel):
+    items: List[Dict[str, Any]]
+    metadata: Dict[str, Any]
+
+
+LARGE_ITEMS: List[Dict[str, Any]] = [
+    {
+        "id": i,
+        "name": f"item-{i}",
+        "values": list(range(25)),
+        "meta": {
+            "active": True,
+            "group": i % 10,
+            "tag": f"t{i % 5}",
+        },
+    }
+    for i in range(300)
+]
+
+LARGE_METADATA: Dict[str, Any] = {
+    "source": "benchmark",
+    "version": 1,
+    "flags": {"a": True, "b": False, "c": True},
+    "notes": ["x" * 50, "y" * 50, "z" * 50],
+}
+
+LARGE_PAYLOAD: Dict[str, Any] = {"items": LARGE_ITEMS, "metadata": LARGE_METADATA}
+
+
+def dep_a():
+    return 40
+
+
+def dep_b(a: Annotated[int, Depends(dep_a)]):
+    return a + 2
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def app() -> FastAPI:
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    @app.post("/sync/validated", response_model=ItemOut)
+    def sync_validated(item: ItemIn, dep: Annotated[int, Depends(dep_b)]):
+        return ItemOut(name=item.name, value=item.value, dep=dep)
+
+    @app.get("/sync/dict-no-response-model")
+    def sync_dict_no_response_model():
+        return {"name": "foo", "value": 123}
+
+    @app.get("/sync/dict-with-response-model", response_model=ItemOut)
+    def sync_dict_with_response_model(
+        dep: Annotated[int, Depends(dep_b)],
+    ):
+        return {"name": "foo", "value": 123, "dep": dep}
+
+    @app.get("/sync/model-no-response-model")
+    def sync_model_no_response_model(dep: Annotated[int, Depends(dep_b)]):
+        return ItemOut(name="foo", value=123, dep=dep)
+
+    @app.get("/sync/model-with-response-model", response_model=ItemOut)
+    def sync_model_with_response_model(dep: Annotated[int, Depends(dep_b)]):
+        return ItemOut(name="foo", value=123, dep=dep)
+
+    @app.post("/async/validated", response_model=ItemOut)
+    async def async_validated(
+        item: ItemIn,
+        dep: Annotated[int, Depends(dep_b)],
+    ):
+        return ItemOut(name=item.name, value=item.value, dep=dep)
+
+    @app.post("/sync/large-receive")
+    def sync_large_receive(payload: LargeIn):
+        return {"received": len(payload.items)}
+
+    @app.post("/async/large-receive")
+    async def async_large_receive(payload: LargeIn):
+        return {"received": len(payload.items)}
+
+    @app.get("/sync/large-dict-no-response-model")
+    def sync_large_dict_no_response_model():
+        return LARGE_PAYLOAD
+
+    @app.get("/sync/large-dict-with-response-model", response_model=LargeOut)
+    def sync_large_dict_with_response_model():
+        return LARGE_PAYLOAD
+
+    @app.get("/sync/large-model-no-response-model")
+    def sync_large_model_no_response_model():
+        return LargeOut(items=LARGE_ITEMS, metadata=LARGE_METADATA)
+
+    @app.get("/sync/large-model-with-response-model", response_model=LargeOut)
+    def sync_large_model_with_response_model():
+        return LargeOut(items=LARGE_ITEMS, metadata=LARGE_METADATA)
+
+    @app.get("/async/large-dict-no-response-model")
+    async def async_large_dict_no_response_model():
+        return LARGE_PAYLOAD
+
+    @app.get("/async/large-dict-with-response-model", response_model=LargeOut)
+    async def async_large_dict_with_response_model():
+        return LARGE_PAYLOAD
+
+    @app.get("/async/large-model-no-response-model")
+    async def async_large_model_no_response_model():
+        return LargeOut(items=LARGE_ITEMS, metadata=LARGE_METADATA)
+
+    @app.get("/async/large-model-with-response-model", response_model=LargeOut)
+    async def async_large_model_with_response_model():
+        return LargeOut(items=LARGE_ITEMS, metadata=LARGE_METADATA)
+
+    @app.get("/async/dict-no-response-model")
+    async def async_dict_no_response_model():
+        return {"name": "foo", "value": 123}
+
+    @app.get("/async/dict-with-response-model", response_model=ItemOut)
+    async def async_dict_with_response_model(
+        dep: Annotated[int, Depends(dep_b)],
+    ):
+        return {"name": "foo", "value": 123, "dep": dep}
+
+    @app.get("/async/model-no-response-model")
+    async def async_model_no_response_model(
+        dep: Annotated[int, Depends(dep_b)],
+    ):
+        return ItemOut(name="foo", value=123, dep=dep)
+
+    @app.get("/async/model-with-response-model", response_model=ItemOut)
+    async def async_model_with_response_model(
+        dep: Annotated[int, Depends(dep_b)],
+    ):
+        return ItemOut(name="foo", value=123, dep=dep)
+
+    return app
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def client(app: FastAPI) -> Iterator[TestClient]:
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        yield client
+
+
+def _bench_get(benchmark, client: TestClient, path: str) -> Tuple[int, bytes]:
+    warmup = client.get(path)
+    assert warmup.status_code == 200
+
+    def do_request() -> Tuple[int, bytes]:
+        response = client.get(path)
+        return response.status_code, response.content
+
+    return benchmark(do_request)
+
+
+def _bench_post_json(
+    benchmark, client: TestClient, path: str, json: Dict[str, Any]
+) -> Tuple[int, bytes]:
+    warmup = client.post(path, json=json)
+    assert warmup.status_code == 200
+
+    def do_request() -> Tuple[int, bytes]:
+        response = client.post(path, json=json)
+        return response.status_code, response.content
+
+    return benchmark(do_request)
+
+
+def test_sync_receiving_validated_pydantic_model(benchmark, client: TestClient) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_post_json(
+        benchmark,
+        client,
+        "/sync/validated",
+        json={"name": "foo", "value": 123},
+    )
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == b'{"name":"foo","value":123,"dep":42}'
+
+
+def test_sync_return_dict_without_response_model(benchmark, client: TestClient) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(benchmark, client, "/sync/dict-no-response-model")
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == b'{"name":"foo","value":123}'
+
+
+def test_sync_return_dict_with_response_model(benchmark, client: TestClient) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(benchmark, client, "/sync/dict-with-response-model")
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == b'{"name":"foo","value":123,"dep":42}'
+
+
+def test_sync_return_model_without_response_model(
+    benchmark, client: TestClient
+) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(benchmark, client, "/sync/model-no-response-model")
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == b'{"name":"foo","value":123,"dep":42}'
+
+
+def test_sync_return_model_with_response_model(benchmark, client: TestClient) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(benchmark, client, "/sync/model-with-response-model")
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == b'{"name":"foo","value":123,"dep":42}'
+
+
+def test_async_receiving_validated_pydantic_model(
+    benchmark, client: TestClient
+) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_post_json(
+        benchmark, client, "/async/validated", json={"name": "foo", "value": 123}
+    )
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == b'{"name":"foo","value":123,"dep":42}'
+
+
+def test_async_return_dict_without_response_model(
+    benchmark, client: TestClient
+) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(benchmark, client, "/async/dict-no-response-model")
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == b'{"name":"foo","value":123}'
+
+
+def test_async_return_dict_with_response_model(benchmark, client: TestClient) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(benchmark, client, "/async/dict-with-response-model")
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == b'{"name":"foo","value":123,"dep":42}'
+
+
+def test_async_return_model_without_response_model(
+    benchmark, client: TestClient
+) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(benchmark, client, "/async/model-no-response-model")
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == b'{"name":"foo","value":123,"dep":42}'
+
+
+def test_async_return_model_with_response_model(benchmark, client: TestClient) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(
+        benchmark, client, "/async/model-with-response-model"
+    )
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == b'{"name":"foo","value":123,"dep":42}'
+
+
+def test_sync_receiving_large_payload(benchmark, client: TestClient) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_post_json(
+        benchmark,
+        client,
+        "/sync/large-receive",
+        json=LARGE_PAYLOAD,
+    )
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == b'{"received":300}'
+
+
+def test_async_receiving_large_payload(benchmark, client: TestClient) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_post_json(
+        benchmark,
+        client,
+        "/async/large-receive",
+        json=LARGE_PAYLOAD,
+    )
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == b'{"received":300}'
+
+
+def _expected_large_payload_json_bytes() -> bytes:
+    return json.dumps(
+        LARGE_PAYLOAD,
+        ensure_ascii=False,
+        allow_nan=False,
+        separators=(",", ":"),
+    ).encode("utf-8")
+
+
+def test_sync_return_large_dict_without_response_model(
+    benchmark, client: TestClient
+) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(
+        benchmark, client, "/sync/large-dict-no-response-model"
+    )
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == _expected_large_payload_json_bytes()
+
+
+def test_sync_return_large_dict_with_response_model(
+    benchmark, client: TestClient
+) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(
+        benchmark, client, "/sync/large-dict-with-response-model"
+    )
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == _expected_large_payload_json_bytes()
+
+
+def test_sync_return_large_model_without_response_model(
+    benchmark, client: TestClient
+) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(
+        benchmark, client, "/sync/large-model-no-response-model"
+    )
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == _expected_large_payload_json_bytes()
+
+
+def test_sync_return_large_model_with_response_model(
+    benchmark, client: TestClient
+) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(
+        benchmark, client, "/sync/large-model-with-response-model"
+    )
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == _expected_large_payload_json_bytes()
+
+
+def test_async_return_large_dict_without_response_model(
+    benchmark, client: TestClient
+) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(
+        benchmark, client, "/async/large-dict-no-response-model"
+    )
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == _expected_large_payload_json_bytes()
+
+
+def test_async_return_large_dict_with_response_model(
+    benchmark, client: TestClient
+) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(
+        benchmark, client, "/async/large-dict-with-response-model"
+    )
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == _expected_large_payload_json_bytes()
+
+
+def test_async_return_large_model_without_response_model(
+    benchmark, client: TestClient
+) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(
+        benchmark, client, "/async/large-model-no-response-model"
+    )
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == _expected_large_payload_json_bytes()
+
+
+def test_async_return_large_model_with_response_model(
+    benchmark, client: TestClient
+) -> None:
+    status_code, body = _bench_get(
+        benchmark, client, "/async/large-model-with-response-model"
+    )
+    assert status_code == 200
+    assert body == _expected_large_payload_json_bytes()