diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
index b5d242b..f7c2f5b 100644
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@
 
 # -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
 
-project = 'python-socketio'
-copyright = '2018, Miguel Grinberg'
-author = 'Miguel Grinberg'
+project = "python-socketio"
+copyright = "2018, Miguel Grinberg"
+author = "Miguel Grinberg"
 
 # The short X.Y version
-version = ''
+version = ""
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags
-release = ''
+release = ""
 
 
 # -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
@@ -39,34 +39,34 @@ release = ''
 # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
 # ones.
 extensions = [
-    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
+    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
 ]
 
-autodoc_member_order = 'alphabetical'
+autodoc_member_order = "alphabetical"
 
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-templates_path = ['_templates']
+templates_path = ["_templates"]
 
 # The suffix(es) of source filenames.
 # You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
 #
 # source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
-source_suffix = '.rst'
+source_suffix = ".rst"
 
 # The master toctree document.
-master_doc = 'index'
+master_doc = "index"
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.
 #
 # This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
 # Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
-language = 'en' 
+language = "en"
 
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
 # This pattern also affects html_static_path and html_extra_path.
-exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']
+exclude_patterns = ["_build", "Thumbs.db", ".DS_Store"]
 
 # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
 pygments_style = None
@@ -77,26 +77,25 @@ pygments_style = None
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
 # a list of builtin themes.
 #
-html_theme = 'alabaster'
+html_theme = "alabaster"
 
 # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
 # further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
 # documentation.
 #
 html_theme_options = {
-    'github_user': 'miguelgrinberg',
-    'github_repo': 'python-socketio',
-    'github_banner': True,
-    'github_button': True,
-    'github_type': 'star',
-    'fixed_sidebar': True,
-
+    "github_user": "miguelgrinberg",
+    "github_repo": "python-socketio",
+    "github_banner": True,
+    "github_button": True,
+    "github_type": "star",
+    "fixed_sidebar": True,
 }
 
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ['_static']
+html_static_path = ["_static"]
 
 # Custom sidebar templates, must be a dictionary that maps document names
 # to template names.
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ html_static_path = ['_static']
 # -- Options for HTMLHelp output ---------------------------------------------
 
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
-htmlhelp_basename = 'python-socketiodoc'
+htmlhelp_basename = "python-socketiodoc"
 
 
 # -- Options for LaTeX output ------------------------------------------------
@@ -121,15 +120,12 @@ latex_elements = {
     # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
     #
     # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
-
     # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
     #
     # 'pointsize': '10pt',
-
     # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
     #
     # 'preamble': '',
-
     # Latex figure (float) alignment
     #
     # 'figure_align': 'htbp',
@@ -139,8 +135,13 @@ latex_elements = {
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-    (master_doc, 'python-socketio.tex', 'python-socketio Documentation',
-     'Miguel Grinberg', 'manual'),
+    (
+        master_doc,
+        "python-socketio.tex",
+        "python-socketio Documentation",
+        "Miguel Grinberg",
+        "manual",
+    ),
 ]
 
 
@@ -149,8 +150,7 @@ latex_documents = [
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
 man_pages = [
-    (master_doc, 'python-socketio', 'python-socketio Documentation',
-     [author], 1)
+    (master_doc, "python-socketio", "python-socketio Documentation", [author], 1)
 ]
 
 
@@ -160,9 +160,15 @@ man_pages = [
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
-    (master_doc, 'python-socketio', 'python-socketio Documentation',
-     author, 'python-socketio', 'One line description of project.',
-     'Miscellaneous'),
+    (
+        master_doc,
+        "python-socketio",
+        "python-socketio Documentation",
+        author,
+        "python-socketio",
+        "One line description of project.",
+        "Miscellaneous",
+    ),
 ]
 
 
@@ -181,7 +187,7 @@ epub_title = project
 # epub_uid = ''
 
 # A list of files that should not be packed into the epub file.
-epub_exclude_files = ['search.html']
+epub_exclude_files = ["search.html"]
 
 
 # -- Extension configuration -------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/examples/client/async/fiddle_client.py b/examples/client/async/fiddle_client.py
index 5b43dcc..0659445 100644
--- a/examples/client/async/fiddle_client.py
+++ b/examples/client/async/fiddle_client.py
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ sio = socketio.AsyncClient()
 
 @sio.event
 async def connect():
-    print('connected to server')
+    print("connected to server")
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def disconnect():
-    print('disconnected from server')
+    print("disconnected from server")
 
 
 @sio.event
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ def hello(a, b, c):
 
 
 async def start_server():
-    await sio.connect('http://localhost:5000', auth={'token': 'my-token'})
+    await sio.connect("http://localhost:5000", auth={"token": "my-token"})
     await sio.wait()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     asyncio.run(start_server())
diff --git a/examples/client/async/latency_client.py b/examples/client/async/latency_client.py
index 00d2539..860ba3c 100644
--- a/examples/client/async/latency_client.py
+++ b/examples/client/async/latency_client.py
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ start_timer = None
 async def send_ping():
     global start_timer
     start_timer = time.time()
-    await sio.emit('ping_from_client')
+    await sio.emit("ping_from_client")
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def connect():
-    print('connected to server')
+    print("connected to server")
     await send_ping()
 
 
@@ -23,16 +23,16 @@ async def connect():
 async def pong_from_server():
     global start_timer
     latency = time.time() - start_timer
-    print('latency is {0:.2f} ms'.format(latency * 1000))
+    print("latency is {0:.2f} ms".format(latency * 1000))
     await sio.sleep(1)
     if sio.connected:
         await send_ping()
 
 
 async def start_server():
-    await sio.connect('http://localhost:5000')
+    await sio.connect("http://localhost:5000")
     await sio.wait()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     loop.run_until_complete(start_server())
diff --git a/examples/client/sync/fiddle_client.py b/examples/client/sync/fiddle_client.py
index 50f5e2a..8adb1a1 100644
--- a/examples/client/sync/fiddle_client.py
+++ b/examples/client/sync/fiddle_client.py
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ sio = socketio.Client()
 
 @sio.event
 def connect():
-    print('connected to server')
+    print("connected to server")
 
 
 @sio.event
 def disconnect():
-    print('disconnected from server')
+    print("disconnected from server")
 
 
 @sio.event
@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ def hello(a, b, c):
     print(a, b, c)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sio.connect('http://localhost:5000', auth={'token': 'my-token'})
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sio.connect("http://localhost:5000", auth={"token": "my-token"})
     sio.wait()
diff --git a/examples/client/sync/latency_client.py b/examples/client/sync/latency_client.py
index 0328d10..e00726c 100644
--- a/examples/client/sync/latency_client.py
+++ b/examples/client/sync/latency_client.py
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ start_timer = None
 def send_ping():
     global start_timer
     start_timer = time.time()
-    sio.emit('ping_from_client')
+    sio.emit("ping_from_client")
 
 
 @sio.event
 def connect():
-    print('connected to server')
+    print("connected to server")
     send_ping()
 
 
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ def connect():
 def pong_from_server():
     global start_timer
     latency = time.time() - start_timer
-    print('latency is {0:.2f} ms'.format(latency * 1000))
+    print("latency is {0:.2f} ms".format(latency * 1000))
     sio.sleep(1)
     if sio.connected:
         send_ping()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sio.connect('http://localhost:5000')
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sio.connect("http://localhost:5000")
     sio.wait()
diff --git a/examples/server/aiohttp/app.py b/examples/server/aiohttp/app.py
index cba5193..0817307 100644
--- a/examples/server/aiohttp/app.py
+++ b/examples/server/aiohttp/app.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from aiohttp import web
 
 import socketio
 
-sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode='aiohttp')
+sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="aiohttp")
 app = web.Application()
 sio.attach(app)
 
@@ -13,50 +13,51 @@ async def background_task():
     while True:
         await sio.sleep(10)
         count += 1
-        await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Server generated event'})
+        await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Server generated event"})
 
 
 async def index(request):
-    with open('app.html') as f:
-        return web.Response(text=f.read(), content_type='text/html')
+    with open("app.html") as f:
+        return web.Response(text=f.read(), content_type="text/html")
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def my_event(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']}, room=sid)
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def my_broadcast_event(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']})
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]})
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def join(sid, message):
-    await sio.enter_room(sid, message['room'])
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Entered room: ' + message['room']},
-                   room=sid)
+    await sio.enter_room(sid, message["room"])
+    await sio.emit(
+        "my_response", {"data": "Entered room: " + message["room"]}, room=sid
+    )
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def leave(sid, message):
-    await sio.leave_room(sid, message['room'])
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Left room: ' + message['room']},
-                   room=sid)
+    await sio.leave_room(sid, message["room"])
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Left room: " + message["room"]}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def close_room(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response',
-                   {'data': 'Room ' + message['room'] + ' is closing.'},
-                   room=message['room'])
-    await sio.close_room(message['room'])
+    await sio.emit(
+        "my_response",
+        {"data": "Room " + message["room"] + " is closing."},
+        room=message["room"],
+    )
+    await sio.close_room(message["room"])
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def my_room_event(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']},
-                   room=message['room'])
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]}, room=message["room"])
 
 
 @sio.event
@@ -66,16 +67,16 @@ async def disconnect_request(sid):
 
 @sio.event
 async def connect(sid, environ):
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Connected', 'count': 0}, room=sid)
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Connected", "count": 0}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def disconnect(sid):
-    print('Client disconnected')
+    print("Client disconnected")
 
 
-app.router.add_static('/static', 'static')
-app.router.add_get('/', index)
+app.router.add_static("/static", "static")
+app.router.add_get("/", index)
 
 
 async def init_app():
@@ -83,5 +84,5 @@ async def init_app():
     return app
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     web.run_app(init_app())
diff --git a/examples/server/aiohttp/fiddle.py b/examples/server/aiohttp/fiddle.py
index dfde8e1..93c835b 100644
--- a/examples/server/aiohttp/fiddle.py
+++ b/examples/server/aiohttp/fiddle.py
@@ -2,30 +2,30 @@ from aiohttp import web
 
 import socketio
 
-sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode='aiohttp')
+sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="aiohttp")
 app = web.Application()
 sio.attach(app)
 
 
 async def index(request):
-    with open('fiddle.html') as f:
-        return web.Response(text=f.read(), content_type='text/html')
+    with open("fiddle.html") as f:
+        return web.Response(text=f.read(), content_type="text/html")
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def connect(sid, environ, auth):
-    print(f'connected auth={auth} sid={sid}')
-    await sio.emit('hello', (1, 2, {'hello': 'you'}), to=sid)
+    print(f"connected auth={auth} sid={sid}")
+    await sio.emit("hello", (1, 2, {"hello": "you"}), to=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def disconnect(sid):
-    print('disconnected', sid)
+    print("disconnected", sid)
 
 
-app.router.add_static('/static', 'static')
-app.router.add_get('/', index)
+app.router.add_static("/static", "static")
+app.router.add_get("/", index)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     web.run_app(app)
diff --git a/examples/server/aiohttp/latency.py b/examples/server/aiohttp/latency.py
index 7e1f03c..ea11f0c 100644
--- a/examples/server/aiohttp/latency.py
+++ b/examples/server/aiohttp/latency.py
@@ -2,24 +2,24 @@ from aiohttp import web
 
 import socketio
 
-sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode='aiohttp')
+sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="aiohttp")
 app = web.Application()
 sio.attach(app)
 
 
 async def index(request):
-    with open('latency.html') as f:
-        return web.Response(text=f.read(), content_type='text/html')
+    with open("latency.html") as f:
+        return web.Response(text=f.read(), content_type="text/html")
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def ping_from_client(sid):
-    await sio.emit('pong_from_server', room=sid)
+    await sio.emit("pong_from_server", room=sid)
 
 
-app.router.add_static('/static', 'static')
-app.router.add_get('/', index)
+app.router.add_static("/static", "static")
+app.router.add_get("/", index)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     web.run_app(app)
diff --git a/examples/server/asgi/app.py b/examples/server/asgi/app.py
index 36af85f..1947746 100644
--- a/examples/server/asgi/app.py
+++ b/examples/server/asgi/app.py
@@ -4,25 +4,31 @@
 # Admin UI hosted at https://admin.socket.io
 instrument = False
 admin_login = {
-    'username': 'admin',
-    'password': 'python',  # change this to a strong secret for production use!
+    "username": "admin",
+    "password": "python",  # change this to a strong secret for production use!
 }
 
 import uvicorn
 import socketio
 
 sio = socketio.AsyncServer(
-    async_mode='asgi',
-    cors_allowed_origins=None if not instrument else [
-        'http://localhost:5000',
-        'https://admin.socket.io',  # edit the allowed origins if necessary
-    ])
+    async_mode="asgi",
+    cors_allowed_origins=None
+    if not instrument
+    else [
+        "http://localhost:5000",
+        "https://admin.socket.io",  # edit the allowed origins if necessary
+    ],
+)
 if instrument:
     sio.instrument(auth=admin_login)
 
-app = socketio.ASGIApp(sio, static_files={
-    '/': 'app.html',
-})
+app = socketio.ASGIApp(
+    sio,
+    static_files={
+        "/": "app.html",
+    },
+)
 background_task_started = False
 
 
@@ -32,65 +38,66 @@ async def background_task():
     while True:
         await sio.sleep(10)
         count += 1
-        await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Server generated event'})
+        await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Server generated event"})
 
 
-@sio.on('my_event')
+@sio.on("my_event")
 async def test_message(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']}, room=sid)
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]}, room=sid)
 
 
-@sio.on('my_broadcast_event')
+@sio.on("my_broadcast_event")
 async def test_broadcast_message(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']})
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]})
 
 
-@sio.on('join')
+@sio.on("join")
 async def join(sid, message):
-    await sio.enter_room(sid, message['room'])
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Entered room: ' + message['room']},
-                   room=sid)
+    await sio.enter_room(sid, message["room"])
+    await sio.emit(
+        "my_response", {"data": "Entered room: " + message["room"]}, room=sid
+    )
 
 
-@sio.on('leave')
+@sio.on("leave")
 async def leave(sid, message):
-    await sio.leave_room(sid, message['room'])
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Left room: ' + message['room']},
-                   room=sid)
+    await sio.leave_room(sid, message["room"])
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Left room: " + message["room"]}, room=sid)
 
 
-@sio.on('close room')
+@sio.on("close room")
 async def close(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response',
-                   {'data': 'Room ' + message['room'] + ' is closing.'},
-                   room=message['room'])
-    await sio.close_room(message['room'])
+    await sio.emit(
+        "my_response",
+        {"data": "Room " + message["room"] + " is closing."},
+        room=message["room"],
+    )
+    await sio.close_room(message["room"])
 
 
-@sio.on('my_room_event')
+@sio.on("my_room_event")
 async def send_room_message(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']},
-                   room=message['room'])
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]}, room=message["room"])
 
 
-@sio.on('disconnect request')
+@sio.on("disconnect request")
 async def disconnect_request(sid):
     await sio.disconnect(sid)
 
 
-@sio.on('connect')
+@sio.on("connect")
 async def test_connect(sid, environ):
     global background_task_started
     if not background_task_started:
         sio.start_background_task(background_task)
         background_task_started = True
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Connected', 'count': 0}, room=sid)
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Connected", "count": 0}, room=sid)
 
 
-@sio.on('disconnect')
+@sio.on("disconnect")
 def test_disconnect(sid):
-    print('Client disconnected')
+    print("Client disconnected")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    uvicorn.run(app, host='127.0.0.1', port=5000)
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    uvicorn.run(app, host="127.0.0.1", port=5000)
diff --git a/examples/server/asgi/fastapi-fiddle.py b/examples/server/asgi/fastapi-fiddle.py
index b6902e0..089a3f2 100644
--- a/examples/server/asgi/fastapi-fiddle.py
+++ b/examples/server/asgi/fastapi-fiddle.py
@@ -6,32 +6,32 @@ import socketio
 import uvicorn
 
 app = FastAPI()
-app.mount('/static', StaticFiles(directory='static'), name='static')
+app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory="static"), name="static")
 
-sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode='asgi')
+sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="asgi")
 combined_asgi_app = socketio.ASGIApp(sio, app)
 
 
-@app.get('/')
+@app.get("/")
 async def index():
-    return FileResponse('fiddle.html')
+    return FileResponse("fiddle.html")
 
 
-@app.get('/hello')
+@app.get("/hello")
 async def hello():
-    return {'message': 'Hello, World!'}
+    return {"message": "Hello, World!"}
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def connect(sid, environ, auth):
-    print(f'connected auth={auth} sid={sid}')
-    await sio.emit('hello', (1, 2, {'hello': 'you'}), to=sid)
+    print(f"connected auth={auth} sid={sid}")
+    await sio.emit("hello", (1, 2, {"hello": "you"}), to=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def disconnect(sid):
-    print('disconnected', sid)
+    print("disconnected", sid)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    uvicorn.run(combined_asgi_app, host='127.0.0.1', port=5000)
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    uvicorn.run(combined_asgi_app, host="127.0.0.1", port=5000)
diff --git a/examples/server/asgi/fiddle.py b/examples/server/asgi/fiddle.py
index 6899ed1..d9c3d8d 100644
--- a/examples/server/asgi/fiddle.py
+++ b/examples/server/asgi/fiddle.py
@@ -3,23 +3,26 @@ import uvicorn
 
 import socketio
 
-sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode='asgi')
-app = socketio.ASGIApp(sio, static_files={
-    '/': 'fiddle.html',
-    '/static': 'static',
-})
+sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="asgi")
+app = socketio.ASGIApp(
+    sio,
+    static_files={
+        "/": "fiddle.html",
+        "/static": "static",
+    },
+)
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def connect(sid, environ, auth):
-    print(f'connected auth={auth} sid={sid}')
-    await sio.emit('hello', (1, 2, {'hello': 'you'}), to=sid)
+    print(f"connected auth={auth} sid={sid}")
+    await sio.emit("hello", (1, 2, {"hello": "you"}), to=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def disconnect(sid):
-    print('disconnected', sid)
+    print("disconnected", sid)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    uvicorn.run(app, host='127.0.0.1', port=5000)
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    uvicorn.run(app, host="127.0.0.1", port=5000)
diff --git a/examples/server/asgi/latency.py b/examples/server/asgi/latency.py
index 3a9d2de..ee25192 100644
--- a/examples/server/asgi/latency.py
+++ b/examples/server/asgi/latency.py
@@ -3,17 +3,20 @@ import uvicorn
 
 import socketio
 
-sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode='asgi')
-app = socketio.ASGIApp(sio, static_files={
-    '/': 'latency.html',
-    '/static': 'static',
-})
+sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="asgi")
+app = socketio.ASGIApp(
+    sio,
+    static_files={
+        "/": "latency.html",
+        "/static": "static",
+    },
+)
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def ping_from_client(sid):
-    await sio.emit('pong_from_server', room=sid)
+    await sio.emit("pong_from_server", room=sid)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    uvicorn.run(app, host='127.0.0.1', port=5000)
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    uvicorn.run(app, host="127.0.0.1", port=5000)
diff --git a/examples/server/asgi/litestar-fiddle.py b/examples/server/asgi/litestar-fiddle.py
index 9cd9a8a..31fe296 100644
--- a/examples/server/asgi/litestar-fiddle.py
+++ b/examples/server/asgi/litestar-fiddle.py
@@ -5,34 +5,36 @@ from litestar.static_files.config import StaticFilesConfig
 import socketio
 import uvicorn
 
-sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode='asgi')
+sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="asgi")
 
 
-@get('/', media_type=MediaType.HTML)
+@get("/", media_type=MediaType.HTML)
 async def index() -> File:
-    return File('fiddle.html', content_disposition_type='inline')
+    return File("fiddle.html", content_disposition_type="inline")
 
 
-@get('/hello')
+@get("/hello")
 async def hello() -> dict:
-    return {'message': 'Hello, World!'}
+    return {"message": "Hello, World!"}
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def connect(sid, environ, auth):
-    print(f'connected auth={auth} sid={sid}')
-    await sio.emit('hello', (1, 2, {'hello': 'you'}), to=sid)
+    print(f"connected auth={auth} sid={sid}")
+    await sio.emit("hello", (1, 2, {"hello": "you"}), to=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def disconnect(sid):
-    print('disconnected', sid)
+    print("disconnected", sid)
 
 
-app = Litestar([index, hello], static_files_config=[
-    StaticFilesConfig('static', directories=['static'])])
+app = Litestar(
+    [index, hello],
+    static_files_config=[StaticFilesConfig("static", directories=["static"])],
+)
 combined_asgi_app = socketio.ASGIApp(sio, app)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    uvicorn.run(combined_asgi_app, host='127.0.0.1', port=5000)
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    uvicorn.run(combined_asgi_app, host="127.0.0.1", port=5000)
diff --git a/examples/server/sanic/app.py b/examples/server/sanic/app.py
index e10d764..b6c0863 100644
--- a/examples/server/sanic/app.py
+++ b/examples/server/sanic/app.py
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ from sanic.response import html
 
 import socketio
 
-sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode='sanic')
-app = Sanic(name='sanic_application')
+sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="sanic")
+app = Sanic(name="sanic_application")
 sio.attach(app)
 
 
@@ -14,56 +14,57 @@ async def background_task():
     while True:
         await sio.sleep(10)
         count += 1
-        await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Server generated event'})
+        await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Server generated event"})
 
 
-@app.listener('before_server_start')
+@app.listener("before_server_start")
 def before_server_start(sanic, loop):
     sio.start_background_task(background_task)
 
 
-@app.route('/')
+@app.route("/")
 async def index(request):
-    with open('app.html') as f:
+    with open("app.html") as f:
         return html(f.read())
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def my_event(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']}, room=sid)
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def my_broadcast_event(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']})
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]})
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def join(sid, message):
-    await sio.enter_room(sid, message['room'])
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Entered room: ' + message['room']},
-                   room=sid)
+    await sio.enter_room(sid, message["room"])
+    await sio.emit(
+        "my_response", {"data": "Entered room: " + message["room"]}, room=sid
+    )
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def leave(sid, message):
-    await sio.leave_room(sid, message['room'])
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Left room: ' + message['room']},
-                   room=sid)
+    await sio.leave_room(sid, message["room"])
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Left room: " + message["room"]}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def close_room(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response',
-                   {'data': 'Room ' + message['room'] + ' is closing.'},
-                   room=message['room'])
-    await sio.close_room(message['room'])
+    await sio.emit(
+        "my_response",
+        {"data": "Room " + message["room"] + " is closing."},
+        room=message["room"],
+    )
+    await sio.close_room(message["room"])
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def my_room_event(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']},
-                   room=message['room'])
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]}, room=message["room"])
 
 
 @sio.event
@@ -73,16 +74,16 @@ async def disconnect_request(sid):
 
 @sio.event
 async def connect(sid, environ):
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Connected', 'count': 0}, room=sid)
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Connected", "count": 0}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def disconnect(sid):
-    print('Client disconnected')
+    print("Client disconnected")
 
 
-app.static('/static', './static')
+app.static("/static", "./static")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     app.run()
diff --git a/examples/server/sanic/fiddle.py b/examples/server/sanic/fiddle.py
index 8fe4db8..2542f7d 100644
--- a/examples/server/sanic/fiddle.py
+++ b/examples/server/sanic/fiddle.py
@@ -3,30 +3,30 @@ from sanic.response import html
 
 import socketio
 
-sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode='sanic')
+sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="sanic")
 app = Sanic()
 sio.attach(app)
 
 
-@app.route('/')
+@app.route("/")
 def index(request):
-    with open('fiddle.html') as f:
+    with open("fiddle.html") as f:
         return html(f.read())
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def connect(sid, environ, auth):
-    print(f'connected auth={auth} sid={sid}')
-    await sio.emit('hello', (1, 2, {'hello': 'you'}), to=sid)
+    print(f"connected auth={auth} sid={sid}")
+    await sio.emit("hello", (1, 2, {"hello": "you"}), to=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def disconnect(sid):
-    print('disconnected', sid)
+    print("disconnected", sid)
 
 
-app.static('/static', './static')
+app.static("/static", "./static")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     app.run()
diff --git a/examples/server/sanic/latency.py b/examples/server/sanic/latency.py
index a231d6e..d6e62a7 100644
--- a/examples/server/sanic/latency.py
+++ b/examples/server/sanic/latency.py
@@ -3,23 +3,24 @@ from sanic.response import html
 
 import socketio
 
-sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode='sanic')
+sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="sanic")
 app = Sanic()
 sio.attach(app)
 
 
-@app.route('/')
+@app.route("/")
 def index(request):
-    with open('latency.html') as f:
+    with open("latency.html") as f:
         return html(f.read())
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def ping_from_client(sid):
-    await sio.emit('pong_from_server', room=sid)
+    await sio.emit("pong_from_server", room=sid)
 
-app.static('/static', './static')
 
+app.static("/static", "./static")
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     app.run()
diff --git a/examples/server/tornado/app.py b/examples/server/tornado/app.py
index 16f7a19..4078a0f 100644
--- a/examples/server/tornado/app.py
+++ b/examples/server/tornado/app.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import socketio
 define("port", default=5000, help="run on the given port", type=int)
 define("debug", default=False, help="run in debug mode")
 
-sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode='tornado')
+sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="tornado")
 
 
 async def background_task():
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ async def background_task():
     while True:
         await sio.sleep(10)
         count += 1
-        await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Server generated event'})
+        await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Server generated event"})
 
 
 class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
@@ -28,40 +28,41 @@ class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
 
 @sio.event
 async def my_event(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']}, room=sid)
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def my_broadcast_event(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']})
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]})
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def join(sid, message):
-    await sio.enter_room(sid, message['room'])
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Entered room: ' + message['room']},
-                   room=sid)
+    await sio.enter_room(sid, message["room"])
+    await sio.emit(
+        "my_response", {"data": "Entered room: " + message["room"]}, room=sid
+    )
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def leave(sid, message):
-    await sio.leave_room(sid, message['room'])
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Left room: ' + message['room']},
-                   room=sid)
+    await sio.leave_room(sid, message["room"])
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Left room: " + message["room"]}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def close_room(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response',
-                   {'data': 'Room ' + message['room'] + ' is closing.'},
-                   room=message['room'])
-    await sio.close_room(message['room'])
+    await sio.emit(
+        "my_response",
+        {"data": "Room " + message["room"] + " is closing."},
+        room=message["room"],
+    )
+    await sio.close_room(message["room"])
 
 
 @sio.event
 async def my_room_event(sid, message):
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']},
-                   room=message['room'])
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]}, room=message["room"])
 
 
 @sio.event
@@ -71,12 +72,12 @@ async def disconnect_request(sid):
 
 @sio.event
 async def connect(sid, environ):
-    await sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Connected', 'count': 0}, room=sid)
+    await sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Connected", "count": 0}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def disconnect(sid):
-    print('Client disconnected')
+    print("Client disconnected")
 
 
 def main():
diff --git a/examples/server/tornado/fiddle.py b/examples/server/tornado/fiddle.py
index 1e7e927..f043443 100644
--- a/examples/server/tornado/fiddle.py
+++ b/examples/server/tornado/fiddle.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import socketio
 define("port", default=5000, help="run on the given port", type=int)
 define("debug", default=False, help="run in debug mode")
 
-sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode='tornado')
+sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="tornado")
 
 
 class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
 
 @sio.event
 async def connect(sid, environ, auth):
-    print(f'connected auth={auth} sid={sid}')
-    await sio.emit('hello', (1, 2, {'hello': 'you'}), to=sid)
+    print(f"connected auth={auth} sid={sid}")
+    await sio.emit("hello", (1, 2, {"hello": "you"}), to=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def disconnect(sid):
-    print('disconnected', sid)
+    print("disconnected", sid)
 
 
 def main():
diff --git a/examples/server/tornado/latency.py b/examples/server/tornado/latency.py
index 571050b..7dd3a4a 100644
--- a/examples/server/tornado/latency.py
+++ b/examples/server/tornado/latency.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import socketio
 define("port", default=5000, help="run on the given port", type=int)
 define("debug", default=False, help="run in debug mode")
 
-sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode='tornado')
+sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="tornado")
 
 
 class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
 
 @sio.event
 async def ping_from_client(sid):
-    await sio.emit('pong_from_server', room=sid)
+    await sio.emit("pong_from_server", room=sid)
 
 
 def main():
diff --git a/examples/server/wsgi/app.py b/examples/server/wsgi/app.py
index 7b019fd..09f7ec3 100644
--- a/examples/server/wsgi/app.py
+++ b/examples/server/wsgi/app.py
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ async_mode = None
 # Admin UI hosted at https://admin.socket.io
 instrument = False
 admin_login = {
-    'username': 'admin',
-    'password': 'python',  # change this to a strong secret for production use!
+    "username": "admin",
+    "password": "python",  # change this to a strong secret for production use!
 }
 
 from flask import Flask, render_template
@@ -16,16 +16,19 @@ import socketio
 
 sio = socketio.Server(
     async_mode=async_mode,
-    cors_allowed_origins=None if not instrument else [
-        'http://localhost:5000',
-        'https://admin.socket.io',  # edit the allowed origins if necessary
-    ])
+    cors_allowed_origins=None
+    if not instrument
+    else [
+        "http://localhost:5000",
+        "https://admin.socket.io",  # edit the allowed origins if necessary
+    ],
+)
 if instrument:
     sio.instrument(auth=admin_login)
 
 app = Flask(__name__)
 app.wsgi_app = socketio.WSGIApp(sio, app.wsgi_app)
-app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'secret!'
+app.config["SECRET_KEY"] = "secret!"
 thread = None
 
 
@@ -35,52 +38,52 @@ def background_thread():
     while True:
         sio.sleep(10)
         count += 1
-        sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Server generated event'})
+        sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Server generated event"})
 
 
-@app.route('/')
+@app.route("/")
 def index():
     global thread
     if thread is None:
         thread = sio.start_background_task(background_thread)
-    return render_template('index.html')
+    return render_template("index.html")
 
 
 @sio.event
 def my_event(sid, message):
-    sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']}, room=sid)
+    sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def my_broadcast_event(sid, message):
-    sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']})
+    sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]})
 
 
 @sio.event
 def join(sid, message):
-    sio.enter_room(sid, message['room'])
-    sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Entered room: ' + message['room']},
-             room=sid)
+    sio.enter_room(sid, message["room"])
+    sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Entered room: " + message["room"]}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def leave(sid, message):
-    sio.leave_room(sid, message['room'])
-    sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Left room: ' + message['room']},
-             room=sid)
+    sio.leave_room(sid, message["room"])
+    sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Left room: " + message["room"]}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def close_room(sid, message):
-    sio.emit('my_response',
-             {'data': 'Room ' + message['room'] + ' is closing.'},
-             room=message['room'])
-    sio.close_room(message['room'])
+    sio.emit(
+        "my_response",
+        {"data": "Room " + message["room"] + " is closing."},
+        room=message["room"],
+    )
+    sio.close_room(message["room"])
 
 
 @sio.event
 def my_room_event(sid, message):
-    sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']}, room=message['room'])
+    sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]}, room=message["room"])
 
 
 @sio.event
@@ -90,39 +93,45 @@ def disconnect_request(sid):
 
 @sio.event
 def connect(sid, environ):
-    sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Connected', 'count': 0}, room=sid)
+    sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Connected", "count": 0}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def disconnect(sid):
-    print('Client disconnected')
+    print("Client disconnected")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    if sio.async_mode == 'threading':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if sio.async_mode == "threading":
         # deploy with Werkzeug
         app.run(threaded=True)
-    elif sio.async_mode == 'eventlet':
+    elif sio.async_mode == "eventlet":
         # deploy with eventlet
         import eventlet
         import eventlet.wsgi
-        eventlet.wsgi.server(eventlet.listen(('', 5000)), app)
-    elif sio.async_mode == 'gevent':
+
+        eventlet.wsgi.server(eventlet.listen(("", 5000)), app)
+    elif sio.async_mode == "gevent":
         # deploy with gevent
         from gevent import pywsgi
+
         try:
             from geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandler
+
             websocket = True
         except ImportError:
             websocket = False
         if websocket:
-            pywsgi.WSGIServer(('', 5000), app,
-                              handler_class=WebSocketHandler).serve_forever()
+            pywsgi.WSGIServer(
+                ("", 5000), app, handler_class=WebSocketHandler
+            ).serve_forever()
         else:
-            pywsgi.WSGIServer(('', 5000), app).serve_forever()
-    elif sio.async_mode == 'gevent_uwsgi':
-        print('Start the application through the uwsgi server. Example:')
-        print('uwsgi --http :5000 --gevent 1000 --http-websockets --master '
-              '--wsgi-file app.py --callable app')
+            pywsgi.WSGIServer(("", 5000), app).serve_forever()
+    elif sio.async_mode == "gevent_uwsgi":
+        print("Start the application through the uwsgi server. Example:")
+        print(
+            "uwsgi --http :5000 --gevent 1000 --http-websockets --master "
+            "--wsgi-file app.py --callable app"
+        )
     else:
-        print('Unknown async_mode: ' + sio.async_mode)
+        print("Unknown async_mode: " + sio.async_mode)
diff --git a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/asgi.py b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/asgi.py
index 234d2d9..2c1e775 100644
--- a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/asgi.py
+++ b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/asgi.py
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ import os
 
 from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
 
-os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'django_socketio.settings')
+os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "django_socketio.settings")
 
 application = get_asgi_application()
diff --git a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/settings.py b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/settings.py
index 313462d..83cd23d 100644
--- a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/settings.py
+++ b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/settings.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
 # See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/
 
 # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
-SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-&@-nkbrpe@%1_%ljh#oe@sw)6+k(&yn#r_)!5p)$22c^u#0@lj'
+SECRET_KEY = "django-insecure-&@-nkbrpe@%1_%ljh#oe@sw)6+k(&yn#r_)!5p)$22c^u#0@lj"
 
 # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
 DEBUG = True
@@ -31,53 +31,53 @@ ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
 # Application definition
 
 INSTALLED_APPS = [
-    'django.contrib.admin',
-    'django.contrib.auth',
-    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
-    'django.contrib.sessions',
-    'django.contrib.messages',
-    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
-    'socketio_app',
+    "django.contrib.admin",
+    "django.contrib.auth",
+    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
+    "django.contrib.sessions",
+    "django.contrib.messages",
+    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
+    "socketio_app",
 ]
 
 MIDDLEWARE = [
-    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
-    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
-    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
-    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
+    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",
 ]
 
-ROOT_URLCONF = 'django_socketio.urls'
+ROOT_URLCONF = "django_socketio.urls"
 
 TEMPLATES = [
     {
-        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
-        'DIRS': [],
-        'APP_DIRS': True,
-        'OPTIONS': {
-            'context_processors': [
-                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
-                'django.template.context_processors.request',
-                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
-                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
+        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
+        "DIRS": [],
+        "APP_DIRS": True,
+        "OPTIONS": {
+            "context_processors": [
+                "django.template.context_processors.debug",
+                "django.template.context_processors.request",
+                "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
+                "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
             ],
         },
     },
 ]
 
-WSGI_APPLICATION = 'django_socketio.wsgi.application'
+WSGI_APPLICATION = "django_socketio.wsgi.application"
 
 
 # Database
 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases
 
 DATABASES = {
-    'default': {
-        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
-        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
+    "default": {
+        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
+        "NAME": BASE_DIR / "db.sqlite3",
     }
 }
 
@@ -87,16 +87,16 @@ DATABASES = {
 
 AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
     {
-        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
+        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator",
     },
     {
-        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
+        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator",
     },
     {
-        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
+        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator",
     },
     {
-        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
+        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator",
     },
 ]
 
@@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
 # Internationalization
 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/i18n/
 
-LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
+LANGUAGE_CODE = "en-us"
 
-TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
+TIME_ZONE = "UTC"
 
 USE_I18N = True
 
@@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ USE_TZ = True
 # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/static-files/
 
-STATIC_URL = 'static/'
+STATIC_URL = "static/"
 
 # Default primary key field type
 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field
 
-DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
+DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"
diff --git a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/urls.py b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/urls.py
index c156551..1ac758d 100644
--- a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/urls.py
+++ b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/urls.py
@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ from django.urls import path
 from django.conf.urls import include
 
 urlpatterns = [
-    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
-    path(r'', include('socketio_app.urls')),
+    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
+    path(r"", include("socketio_app.urls")),
 ]
diff --git a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/wsgi.py b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/wsgi.py
index 771cae2..33a921f 100644
--- a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/wsgi.py
+++ b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/django_socketio/wsgi.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import socketio
 
 from socketio_app.views import sio
 
-os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'django_socketio.settings')
+os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "django_socketio.settings")
 
 django_app = get_wsgi_application()
 application = socketio.WSGIApp(sio, django_app)
diff --git a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/manage.py b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/manage.py
index 35ef79b..25bfba4 100755
--- a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/manage.py
+++ b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/manage.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import sys
 
 def main():
     """Run administrative tasks."""
-    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'django_socketio.settings')
+    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "django_socketio.settings")
     try:
         from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
     except ImportError as exc:
@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@ def main():
     execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/admin.py b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/admin.py
index 8c38f3f..846f6b4 100644
--- a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/admin.py
+++ b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/admin.py
@@ -1,3 +1 @@
-from django.contrib import admin
-
 # Register your models here.
diff --git a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/apps.py b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/apps.py
index e8e83ea..4f8c8dc 100644
--- a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/apps.py
+++ b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/apps.py
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 
 class SocketioAppConfig(AppConfig):
-    default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
-    name = 'socketio_app'
+    default_auto_field = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"
+    name = "socketio_app"
diff --git a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/models.py b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/models.py
index 71a8362..6b20219 100644
--- a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/models.py
+++ b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/models.py
@@ -1,3 +1 @@
-from django.db import models
-
 # Create your models here.
diff --git a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/tests.py b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/tests.py
index 7ce503c..a39b155 100644
--- a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/tests.py
+++ b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/tests.py
@@ -1,3 +1 @@
-from django.test import TestCase
-
 # Create your tests here.
diff --git a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/urls.py b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/urls.py
index eddc173..d98c635 100644
--- a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/urls.py
+++ b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/urls.py
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ from django.urls import path
 from . import views
 
 urlpatterns = [
-    path(r'', views.index, name='index'),
+    path(r"", views.index, name="index"),
 ]
diff --git a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/views.py b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/views.py
index 854c0fb..8c04603 100644
--- a/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/views.py
+++ b/examples/server/wsgi/django_socketio/socketio_app/views.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def index(request):
     global thread
     if thread is None:
         thread = sio.start_background_task(background_thread)
-    return HttpResponse(open(os.path.join(basedir, 'static/index.html')))
+    return HttpResponse(open(os.path.join(basedir, "static/index.html")))
 
 
 def background_thread():
@@ -26,45 +26,44 @@ def background_thread():
     while True:
         sio.sleep(10)
         count += 1
-        sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Server generated event'},
-                 namespace='/test')
+        sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Server generated event"}, namespace="/test")
 
 
 @sio.event
 def my_event(sid, message):
-    sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']}, room=sid)
+    sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def my_broadcast_event(sid, message):
-    sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']})
+    sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]})
 
 
 @sio.event
 def join(sid, message):
-    sio.enter_room(sid, message['room'])
-    sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Entered room: ' + message['room']},
-             room=sid)
+    sio.enter_room(sid, message["room"])
+    sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Entered room: " + message["room"]}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def leave(sid, message):
-    sio.leave_room(sid, message['room'])
-    sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Left room: ' + message['room']},
-             room=sid)
+    sio.leave_room(sid, message["room"])
+    sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Left room: " + message["room"]}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def close_room(sid, message):
-    sio.emit('my_response',
-             {'data': 'Room ' + message['room'] + ' is closing.'},
-             room=message['room'])
-    sio.close_room(message['room'])
+    sio.emit(
+        "my_response",
+        {"data": "Room " + message["room"] + " is closing."},
+        room=message["room"],
+    )
+    sio.close_room(message["room"])
 
 
 @sio.event
 def my_room_event(sid, message):
-    sio.emit('my_response', {'data': message['data']}, room=message['room'])
+    sio.emit("my_response", {"data": message["data"]}, room=message["room"])
 
 
 @sio.event
@@ -74,9 +73,9 @@ def disconnect_request(sid):
 
 @sio.event
 def connect(sid, environ):
-    sio.emit('my_response', {'data': 'Connected', 'count': 0}, room=sid)
+    sio.emit("my_response", {"data": "Connected", "count": 0}, room=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def disconnect(sid):
-    print('Client disconnected')
+    print("Client disconnected")
diff --git a/examples/server/wsgi/fiddle.py b/examples/server/wsgi/fiddle.py
index 247751b..9515755 100644
--- a/examples/server/wsgi/fiddle.py
+++ b/examples/server/wsgi/fiddle.py
@@ -11,47 +11,53 @@ app = Flask(__name__)
 app.wsgi_app = socketio.WSGIApp(sio, app.wsgi_app)
 
 
-@app.route('/')
+@app.route("/")
 def index():
-    return render_template('fiddle.html')
+    return render_template("fiddle.html")
 
 
 @sio.event
 def connect(sid, environ, auth):
-    print(f'connected auth={auth} sid={sid}')
-    sio.emit('hello', (1, 2, {'hello': 'you'}), to=sid)
+    print(f"connected auth={auth} sid={sid}")
+    sio.emit("hello", (1, 2, {"hello": "you"}), to=sid)
 
 
 @sio.event
 def disconnect(sid):
-    print('disconnected', sid)
+    print("disconnected", sid)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    if sio.async_mode == 'threading':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if sio.async_mode == "threading":
         # deploy with Werkzeug
         app.run(threaded=True)
-    elif sio.async_mode == 'eventlet':
+    elif sio.async_mode == "eventlet":
         # deploy with eventlet
         import eventlet
         import eventlet.wsgi
-        eventlet.wsgi.server(eventlet.listen(('', 5000)), app)
-    elif sio.async_mode == 'gevent':
+
+        eventlet.wsgi.server(eventlet.listen(("", 5000)), app)
+    elif sio.async_mode == "gevent":
         # deploy with gevent
         from gevent import pywsgi
+
         try:
             from geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandler
+
             websocket = True
         except ImportError:
             websocket = False
         if websocket:
-            pywsgi.WSGIServer(('', 5000), app,
-                              handler_class=WebSocketHandler).serve_forever()
+            pywsgi.WSGIServer(
+                ("", 5000), app, handler_class=WebSocketHandler
+            ).serve_forever()
         else:
-            pywsgi.WSGIServer(('', 5000), app).serve_forever()
-    elif sio.async_mode == 'gevent_uwsgi':
-        print('Start the application through the uwsgi server. Example:')
-        print('uwsgi --http :5000 --gevent 1000 --http-websockets --master '
-              '--wsgi-file latency.py --callable app')
+            pywsgi.WSGIServer(("", 5000), app).serve_forever()
+    elif sio.async_mode == "gevent_uwsgi":
+        print("Start the application through the uwsgi server. Example:")
+        print(
+            "uwsgi --http :5000 --gevent 1000 --http-websockets --master "
+            "--wsgi-file latency.py --callable app"
+        )
     else:
-        print('Unknown async_mode: ' + sio.async_mode)
+        print("Unknown async_mode: " + sio.async_mode)
diff --git a/examples/server/wsgi/latency.py b/examples/server/wsgi/latency.py
index 5f9ff88..45b7176 100644
--- a/examples/server/wsgi/latency.py
+++ b/examples/server/wsgi/latency.py
@@ -11,41 +11,47 @@ app = Flask(__name__)
 app.wsgi_app = socketio.WSGIApp(sio, app.wsgi_app)
 
 
-@app.route('/')
+@app.route("/")
 def index():
-    return render_template('latency.html')
+    return render_template("latency.html")
 
 
 @sio.event
 def ping_from_client(sid):
-    sio.emit('pong_from_server', room=sid)
+    sio.emit("pong_from_server", room=sid)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    if sio.async_mode == 'threading':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if sio.async_mode == "threading":
         # deploy with Werkzeug
         app.run(threaded=True)
-    elif sio.async_mode == 'eventlet':
+    elif sio.async_mode == "eventlet":
         # deploy with eventlet
         import eventlet
         import eventlet.wsgi
-        eventlet.wsgi.server(eventlet.listen(('', 5000)), app)
-    elif sio.async_mode == 'gevent':
+
+        eventlet.wsgi.server(eventlet.listen(("", 5000)), app)
+    elif sio.async_mode == "gevent":
         # deploy with gevent
         from gevent import pywsgi
+
         try:
             from geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandler
+
             websocket = True
         except ImportError:
             websocket = False
         if websocket:
-            pywsgi.WSGIServer(('', 5000), app,
-                              handler_class=WebSocketHandler).serve_forever()
+            pywsgi.WSGIServer(
+                ("", 5000), app, handler_class=WebSocketHandler
+            ).serve_forever()
         else:
-            pywsgi.WSGIServer(('', 5000), app).serve_forever()
-    elif sio.async_mode == 'gevent_uwsgi':
-        print('Start the application through the uwsgi server. Example:')
-        print('uwsgi --http :5000 --gevent 1000 --http-websockets --master '
-              '--wsgi-file latency.py --callable app')
+            pywsgi.WSGIServer(("", 5000), app).serve_forever()
+    elif sio.async_mode == "gevent_uwsgi":
+        print("Start the application through the uwsgi server. Example:")
+        print(
+            "uwsgi --http :5000 --gevent 1000 --http-websockets --master "
+            "--wsgi-file latency.py --callable app"
+        )
     else:
-        print('Unknown async_mode: ' + sio.async_mode)
+        print("Unknown async_mode: " + sio.async_mode)
diff --git a/examples/simple-client/async/fiddle_client.py b/examples/simple-client/async/fiddle_client.py
index d974480..26e67a6 100644
--- a/examples/simple-client/async/fiddle_client.py
+++ b/examples/simple-client/async/fiddle_client.py
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import socketio
 
 async def main():
     async with socketio.AsyncSimpleClient() as sio:
-        await sio.connect('http://localhost:5000', auth={'token': 'my-token'})
+        await sio.connect("http://localhost:5000", auth={"token": "my-token"})
         print(await sio.receive())
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     asyncio.run(main())
diff --git a/examples/simple-client/async/latency_client.py b/examples/simple-client/async/latency_client.py
index 96387c6..18968aa 100644
--- a/examples/simple-client/async/latency_client.py
+++ b/examples/simple-client/async/latency_client.py
@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@ import socketio
 
 async def main():
     async with socketio.AsyncSimpleClient() as sio:
-        await sio.connect('http://localhost:5000')
+        await sio.connect("http://localhost:5000")
         while True:
             start_timer = time.time()
-            await sio.emit('ping_from_client')
-            while (await sio.receive()) != ['pong_from_server']:
+            await sio.emit("ping_from_client")
+            while (await sio.receive()) != ["pong_from_server"]:
                 pass
             latency = time.time() - start_timer
-            print('latency is {0:.2f} ms'.format(latency * 1000))
+            print("latency is {0:.2f} ms".format(latency * 1000))
 
             await asyncio.sleep(1)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     asyncio.run(main())
diff --git a/examples/simple-client/sync/fiddle_client.py b/examples/simple-client/sync/fiddle_client.py
index 1be759c..7a48144 100644
--- a/examples/simple-client/sync/fiddle_client.py
+++ b/examples/simple-client/sync/fiddle_client.py
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ import socketio
 
 def main():
     with socketio.SimpleClient() as sio:
-        sio.connect('http://localhost:5000', auth={'token': 'my-token'})
+        sio.connect("http://localhost:5000", auth={"token": "my-token"})
         print(sio.receive())
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/examples/simple-client/sync/latency_client.py b/examples/simple-client/sync/latency_client.py
index d5cd853..70efb75 100644
--- a/examples/simple-client/sync/latency_client.py
+++ b/examples/simple-client/sync/latency_client.py
@@ -4,17 +4,17 @@ import socketio
 
 def main():
     with socketio.SimpleClient() as sio:
-        sio.connect('http://localhost:5000')
+        sio.connect("http://localhost:5000")
         while True:
             start_timer = time.time()
-            sio.emit('ping_from_client')
-            while sio.receive() != ['pong_from_server']:
+            sio.emit("ping_from_client")
+            while sio.receive() != ["pong_from_server"]:
                 pass
             latency = time.time() - start_timer
-            print('latency is {0:.2f} ms'.format(latency * 1000))
+            print("latency is {0:.2f} ms".format(latency * 1000))
 
             time.sleep(1)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/src/socketio/__init__.py b/src/socketio/__init__.py
index 95642f4..e92983d 100644
--- a/src/socketio/__init__.py
+++ b/src/socketio/__init__.py
@@ -19,10 +19,28 @@ from .async_redis_manager import AsyncRedisManager
 from .async_aiopika_manager import AsyncAioPikaManager
 from .asgi import ASGIApp
 
-__all__ = ['SimpleClient', 'Client', 'Server', 'Manager', 'PubSubManager',
-           'KombuManager', 'RedisManager', 'ZmqManager', 'KafkaManager',
-           'Namespace', 'ClientNamespace', 'WSGIApp', 'Middleware',
-           'AsyncSimpleClient', 'AsyncClient', 'AsyncServer',
-           'AsyncNamespace', 'AsyncClientNamespace', 'AsyncManager',
-           'AsyncRedisManager', 'ASGIApp', 'get_tornado_handler',
-           'AsyncAioPikaManager']
+__all__ = [
+    "SimpleClient",
+    "Client",
+    "Server",
+    "Manager",
+    "PubSubManager",
+    "KombuManager",
+    "RedisManager",
+    "ZmqManager",
+    "KafkaManager",
+    "Namespace",
+    "ClientNamespace",
+    "WSGIApp",
+    "Middleware",
+    "AsyncSimpleClient",
+    "AsyncClient",
+    "AsyncServer",
+    "AsyncNamespace",
+    "AsyncClientNamespace",
+    "AsyncManager",
+    "AsyncRedisManager",
+    "ASGIApp",
+    "get_tornado_handler",
+    "AsyncAioPikaManager",
+]
diff --git a/src/socketio/admin.py b/src/socketio/admin.py
index f317ea2..b56d6b4 100644
--- a/src/socketio/admin.py
+++ b/src/socketio/admin.py
@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ class EventBuffer:
 
     def push(self, type, count=1):
         timestamp = int(time.time()) * 1000
-        key = '{};{}'.format(timestamp, type)
+        key = "{};{}".format(timestamp, type)
         if key not in self.buffer:
             self.buffer[key] = {
-                'timestamp': timestamp,
-                'type': type,
-                'count': count,
+                "timestamp": timestamp,
+                "type": type,
+                "count": count,
             }
         else:
-            self.buffer[key]['count'] += count
+            self.buffer[key]["count"] += count
 
     def get_and_clear(self):
         buffer = self.buffer
@@ -33,19 +33,28 @@ class EventBuffer:
 
 
 class InstrumentedServer:
-    def __init__(self, sio, auth=None, mode='development', read_only=False,
-                 server_id=None, namespace='/admin', server_stats_interval=2):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        sio,
+        auth=None,
+        mode="development",
+        read_only=False,
+        server_id=None,
+        namespace="/admin",
+        server_stats_interval=2,
+    ):
         """Instrument the Socket.IO server for monitoring with the `Socket.IO
         Admin UI <https://socket.io/docs/v4/admin-ui/>`_.
         """
         if auth is None:
-            raise ValueError('auth must be specified')
+            raise ValueError("auth must be specified")
         self.sio = sio
         self.auth = auth
         self.admin_namespace = namespace
         self.read_only = read_only
         self.server_id = server_id or (
-            self.sio.manager.host_id if hasattr(self.sio.manager, 'host_id')
+            self.sio.manager.host_id
+            if hasattr(self.sio.manager, "host_id")
             else HOSTNAME
         )
         self.mode = mode
@@ -60,19 +69,20 @@ class InstrumentedServer:
         self.instrument()
 
     def instrument(self):
-        self.sio.on('connect', self.admin_connect,
-                    namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+        self.sio.on("connect", self.admin_connect, namespace=self.admin_namespace)
 
-        if self.mode == 'development':
+        if self.mode == "development":
             if not self.read_only:  # pragma: no branch
-                self.sio.on('emit', self.admin_emit,
-                            namespace=self.admin_namespace)
-                self.sio.on('join', self.admin_enter_room,
-                            namespace=self.admin_namespace)
-                self.sio.on('leave', self.admin_leave_room,
-                            namespace=self.admin_namespace)
-                self.sio.on('_disconnect', self.admin_disconnect,
-                            namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+                self.sio.on("emit", self.admin_emit, namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+                self.sio.on(
+                    "join", self.admin_enter_room, namespace=self.admin_namespace
+                )
+                self.sio.on(
+                    "leave", self.admin_leave_room, namespace=self.admin_namespace
+                )
+                self.sio.on(
+                    "_disconnect", self.admin_disconnect, namespace=self.admin_namespace
+                )
 
             # track socket connection times
             self.sio.manager._timestamps = {}
@@ -86,13 +96,11 @@ class InstrumentedServer:
             self.sio.manager.disconnect = self._disconnect
 
             # report join rooms
-            self.sio.manager.__basic_enter_room = \
-                self.sio.manager.basic_enter_room
+            self.sio.manager.__basic_enter_room = self.sio.manager.basic_enter_room
             self.sio.manager.basic_enter_room = self._basic_enter_room
 
             # report leave rooms
-            self.sio.manager.__basic_leave_room = \
-                self.sio.manager.basic_leave_room
+            self.sio.manager.__basic_leave_room = self.sio.manager.basic_leave_room
             self.sio.manager.basic_leave_room = self._basic_leave_room
 
             # report emit events
@@ -104,44 +112,47 @@ class InstrumentedServer:
             self.sio._handle_event_internal = self._handle_event_internal
 
         # report engine.io connections
-        self.sio.eio.on('connect', self._handle_eio_connect)
-        self.sio.eio.on('disconnect', self._handle_eio_disconnect)
+        self.sio.eio.on("connect", self._handle_eio_connect)
+        self.sio.eio.on("disconnect", self._handle_eio_disconnect)
 
         # report polling packets
         from engineio.socket import Socket
+
         self.sio.eio.__ok = self.sio.eio._ok
         self.sio.eio._ok = self._eio_http_response
         Socket.__handle_post_request = Socket.handle_post_request
         Socket.handle_post_request = functools.partialmethod(
-            self.__class__._eio_handle_post_request, self)
+            self.__class__._eio_handle_post_request, self
+        )
 
         # report websocket packets
         Socket.__websocket_handler = Socket._websocket_handler
         Socket._websocket_handler = functools.partialmethod(
-            self.__class__._eio_websocket_handler, self)
+            self.__class__._eio_websocket_handler, self
+        )
 
         # report connected sockets with each ping
-        if self.mode == 'development':
+        if self.mode == "development":
             Socket.__send_ping = Socket._send_ping
             Socket._send_ping = functools.partialmethod(
-                self.__class__._eio_send_ping, self)
+                self.__class__._eio_send_ping, self
+            )
 
     def uninstrument(self):  # pragma: no cover
-        if self.mode == 'development':
+        if self.mode == "development":
             self.sio.manager.connect = self.sio.manager.__connect
             self.sio.manager.disconnect = self.sio.manager.__disconnect
-            self.sio.manager.basic_enter_room = \
-                self.sio.manager.__basic_enter_room
-            self.sio.manager.basic_leave_room = \
-                self.sio.manager.__basic_leave_room
+            self.sio.manager.basic_enter_room = self.sio.manager.__basic_enter_room
+            self.sio.manager.basic_leave_room = self.sio.manager.__basic_leave_room
             self.sio.manager.emit = self.sio.manager.__emit
             self.sio._handle_event_internal = self.sio.__handle_event_internal
         self.sio.eio._ok = self.sio.eio.__ok
 
         from engineio.socket import Socket
+
         Socket.handle_post_request = Socket.__handle_post_request
         Socket._websocket_handler = Socket.__websocket_handler
-        if self.mode == 'development':
+        if self.mode == "development":
             Socket._send_ping = Socket.__send_ping
 
     def admin_connect(self, sid, environ, client_auth):
@@ -154,31 +165,41 @@ class InstrumentedServer:
             else:
                 authenticated = self.auth(client_auth)
             if not authenticated:
-                raise ConnectionRefusedError('authentication failed')
+                raise ConnectionRefusedError("authentication failed")
 
         def config(sid):
             self.sio.sleep(0.1)
 
             # supported features
-            features = ['AGGREGATED_EVENTS']
+            features = ["AGGREGATED_EVENTS"]
             if not self.read_only:
-                features += ['EMIT', 'JOIN', 'LEAVE', 'DISCONNECT', 'MJOIN',
-                             'MLEAVE', 'MDISCONNECT']
-            if self.mode == 'development':
-                features.append('ALL_EVENTS')
-            self.sio.emit('config', {'supportedFeatures': features},
-                          to=sid, namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+                features += [
+                    "EMIT",
+                    "JOIN",
+                    "LEAVE",
+                    "DISCONNECT",
+                    "MJOIN",
+                    "MLEAVE",
+                    "MDISCONNECT",
+                ]
+            if self.mode == "development":
+                features.append("ALL_EVENTS")
+            self.sio.emit(
+                "config",
+                {"supportedFeatures": features},
+                to=sid,
+                namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+            )
 
             # send current sockets
-            if self.mode == 'development':
+            if self.mode == "development":
                 all_sockets = []
                 for nsp in self.sio.manager.get_namespaces():
-                    for sid, eio_sid in self.sio.manager.get_participants(
-                            nsp, None):
-                        all_sockets.append(
-                            self.serialize_socket(sid, nsp, eio_sid))
-                self.sio.emit('all_sockets', all_sockets, to=sid,
-                              namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+                    for sid, eio_sid in self.sio.manager.get_participants(nsp, None):
+                        all_sockets.append(self.serialize_socket(sid, nsp, eio_sid))
+                self.sio.emit(
+                    "all_sockets", all_sockets, to=sid, namespace=self.admin_namespace
+                )
 
         self.sio.start_background_task(config, sid)
 
@@ -186,18 +207,15 @@ class InstrumentedServer:
         self.sio.emit(event, data, to=room_filter, namespace=namespace)
 
     def admin_enter_room(self, _, namespace, room, room_filter=None):
-        for sid, _ in self.sio.manager.get_participants(
-                namespace, room_filter):
+        for sid, _ in self.sio.manager.get_participants(namespace, room_filter):
             self.sio.enter_room(sid, room, namespace=namespace)
 
     def admin_leave_room(self, _, namespace, room, room_filter=None):
-        for sid, _ in self.sio.manager.get_participants(
-                namespace, room_filter):
+        for sid, _ in self.sio.manager.get_participants(namespace, room_filter):
             self.sio.leave_room(sid, room, namespace=namespace)
 
     def admin_disconnect(self, _, namespace, close, room_filter=None):
-        for sid, _ in self.sio.manager.get_participants(
-                namespace, room_filter):
+        for sid, _ in self.sio.manager.get_participants(namespace, room_filter):
             self.sio.disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace)
 
     def shutdown(self):
@@ -210,20 +228,28 @@ class InstrumentedServer:
         t = time.time()
         self.sio.manager._timestamps[sid] = t
         serialized_socket = self.serialize_socket(sid, namespace, eio_sid)
-        self.sio.emit('socket_connected', (
-            serialized_socket,
-            datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t).isoformat() + 'Z',
-        ), namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+        self.sio.emit(
+            "socket_connected",
+            (
+                serialized_socket,
+                datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t).isoformat() + "Z",
+            ),
+            namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+        )
         return sid
 
     def _disconnect(self, sid, namespace, **kwargs):
         del self.sio.manager._timestamps[sid]
-        self.sio.emit('socket_disconnected', (
-            namespace,
-            sid,
-            'N/A',
-            datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + 'Z',
-        ), namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+        self.sio.emit(
+            "socket_disconnected",
+            (
+                namespace,
+                sid,
+                "N/A",
+                datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z",
+            ),
+            namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+        )
         return self.sio.manager.__disconnect(sid, namespace, **kwargs)
 
     def _check_for_upgrade(self, eio_sid, sid, namespace):  # pragma: no cover
@@ -231,106 +257,130 @@ class InstrumentedServer:
             self.sio.sleep(5)
             try:
                 if self.sio.eio._get_socket(eio_sid).upgraded:
-                    self.sio.emit('socket_updated', {
-                        'id': sid,
-                        'nsp': namespace,
-                        'transport': 'websocket',
-                    }, namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+                    self.sio.emit(
+                        "socket_updated",
+                        {
+                            "id": sid,
+                            "nsp": namespace,
+                            "transport": "websocket",
+                        },
+                        namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+                    )
                     break
             except KeyError:
                 pass
 
     def _basic_enter_room(self, sid, namespace, room, eio_sid=None):
-        ret = self.sio.manager.__basic_enter_room(sid, namespace, room,
-                                                  eio_sid)
+        ret = self.sio.manager.__basic_enter_room(sid, namespace, room, eio_sid)
         if room:
-            self.sio.emit('room_joined', (
-                namespace,
-                room,
-                sid,
-                datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + 'Z',
-            ), namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+            self.sio.emit(
+                "room_joined",
+                (
+                    namespace,
+                    room,
+                    sid,
+                    datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z",
+                ),
+                namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+            )
         return ret
 
     def _basic_leave_room(self, sid, namespace, room):
         if room:
-            self.sio.emit('room_left', (
-                namespace,
-                room,
-                sid,
-                datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + 'Z',
-            ), namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+            self.sio.emit(
+                "room_left",
+                (
+                    namespace,
+                    room,
+                    sid,
+                    datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z",
+                ),
+                namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+            )
         return self.sio.manager.__basic_leave_room(sid, namespace, room)
 
-    def _emit(self, event, data, namespace, room=None, skip_sid=None,
-              callback=None, **kwargs):
-        ret = self.sio.manager.__emit(event, data, namespace, room=room,
-                                      skip_sid=skip_sid, callback=callback,
-                                      **kwargs)
+    def _emit(
+        self, event, data, namespace, room=None, skip_sid=None, callback=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        ret = self.sio.manager.__emit(
+            event,
+            data,
+            namespace,
+            room=room,
+            skip_sid=skip_sid,
+            callback=callback,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
         if namespace != self.admin_namespace:
-            event_data = [event] + list(data) if isinstance(data, tuple) \
-                else [data]
+            event_data = [event] + list(data) if isinstance(data, tuple) else [data]
             if not isinstance(skip_sid, list):  # pragma: no branch
                 skip_sid = [skip_sid]
             for sid, _ in self.sio.manager.get_participants(namespace, room):
                 if sid not in skip_sid:
-                    self.sio.emit('event_sent', (
-                        namespace,
-                        sid,
-                        event_data,
-                        datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + 'Z',
-                    ), namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+                    self.sio.emit(
+                        "event_sent",
+                        (
+                            namespace,
+                            sid,
+                            event_data,
+                            datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z",
+                        ),
+                        namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+                    )
         return ret
 
-    def _handle_event_internal(self, server, sid, eio_sid, data, namespace,
-                               id):
-        ret = self.sio.__handle_event_internal(server, sid, eio_sid, data,
-                                               namespace, id)
-        self.sio.emit('event_received', (
-            namespace,
-            sid,
-            data,
-            datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + 'Z',
-        ), namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+    def _handle_event_internal(self, server, sid, eio_sid, data, namespace, id):
+        ret = self.sio.__handle_event_internal(
+            server, sid, eio_sid, data, namespace, id
+        )
+        self.sio.emit(
+            "event_received",
+            (
+                namespace,
+                sid,
+                data,
+                datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z",
+            ),
+            namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+        )
         return ret
 
     def _handle_eio_connect(self, eio_sid, environ):
         if self.stop_stats_event is None:
             self.stop_stats_event = self.sio.eio.create_event()
-            self.stats_task = self.sio.start_background_task(
-                self._emit_server_stats)
+            self.stats_task = self.sio.start_background_task(self._emit_server_stats)
 
-        self.event_buffer.push('rawConnection')
+        self.event_buffer.push("rawConnection")
         return self.sio._handle_eio_connect(eio_sid, environ)
 
     def _handle_eio_disconnect(self, eio_sid):
-        self.event_buffer.push('rawDisconnection')
+        self.event_buffer.push("rawDisconnection")
         return self.sio._handle_eio_disconnect(eio_sid)
 
     def _eio_http_response(self, packets=None, headers=None, jsonp_index=None):
-        ret = self.sio.eio.__ok(packets=packets, headers=headers,
-                                jsonp_index=jsonp_index)
-        self.event_buffer.push('packetsOut')
-        self.event_buffer.push('bytesOut', len(ret['response']))
+        ret = self.sio.eio.__ok(
+            packets=packets, headers=headers, jsonp_index=jsonp_index
+        )
+        self.event_buffer.push("packetsOut")
+        self.event_buffer.push("bytesOut", len(ret["response"]))
         return ret
 
     def _eio_handle_post_request(socket, self, environ):
         ret = socket.__handle_post_request(environ)
-        self.event_buffer.push('packetsIn')
-        self.event_buffer.push(
-            'bytesIn', int(environ.get('CONTENT_LENGTH', 0)))
+        self.event_buffer.push("packetsIn")
+        self.event_buffer.push("bytesIn", int(environ.get("CONTENT_LENGTH", 0)))
         return ret
 
     def _eio_websocket_handler(socket, self, ws):
         def _send(ws, data, *args, **kwargs):
-            self.event_buffer.push('packetsOut')
-            self.event_buffer.push('bytesOut', len(data))
+            self.event_buffer.push("packetsOut")
+            self.event_buffer.push("bytesOut", len(data))
             return ws.__send(data, *args, **kwargs)
 
         def _wait(ws):
             ret = ws.__wait()
-            self.event_buffer.push('packetsIn')
-            self.event_buffer.push('bytesIn', len(ret or ''))
+            self.event_buffer.push("packetsIn")
+            self.event_buffer.push("bytesIn", len(ret or ""))
             return ret
 
         ws.__send = ws.send
@@ -345,12 +395,15 @@ class InstrumentedServer:
         for namespace in self.sio.manager.get_namespaces():
             sid = self.sio.manager.sid_from_eio_sid(eio_sid, namespace)
             if sid:
-                serialized_socket = self.serialize_socket(sid, namespace,
-                                                          eio_sid)
-                self.sio.emit('socket_connected', (
-                    serialized_socket,
-                    datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t).isoformat() + 'Z',
-                ), namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+                serialized_socket = self.serialize_socket(sid, namespace, eio_sid)
+                self.sio.emit(
+                    "socket_connected",
+                    (
+                        serialized_socket,
+                        datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t).isoformat() + "Z",
+                    ),
+                    namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+                )
         return socket.__send_ping()
 
     def _emit_server_stats(self):
@@ -359,47 +412,64 @@ class InstrumentedServer:
         namespaces.sort()
         while not self.stop_stats_event.is_set():
             self.sio.sleep(self.server_stats_interval)
-            self.sio.emit('server_stats', {
-                'serverId': self.server_id,
-                'hostname': HOSTNAME,
-                'pid': PID,
-                'uptime': time.time() - start_time,
-                'clientsCount': len(self.sio.eio.sockets),
-                'pollingClientsCount': len(
-                    [s for s in self.sio.eio.sockets.values()
-                     if not s.upgraded]),
-                'aggregatedEvents': self.event_buffer.get_and_clear(),
-                'namespaces': [{
-                    'name': nsp,
-                    'socketsCount': len(self.sio.manager.rooms.get(
-                        nsp, {None: []}).get(None, []))
-                } for nsp in namespaces],
-            }, namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+            self.sio.emit(
+                "server_stats",
+                {
+                    "serverId": self.server_id,
+                    "hostname": HOSTNAME,
+                    "pid": PID,
+                    "uptime": time.time() - start_time,
+                    "clientsCount": len(self.sio.eio.sockets),
+                    "pollingClientsCount": len(
+                        [s for s in self.sio.eio.sockets.values() if not s.upgraded]
+                    ),
+                    "aggregatedEvents": self.event_buffer.get_and_clear(),
+                    "namespaces": [
+                        {
+                            "name": nsp,
+                            "socketsCount": len(
+                                self.sio.manager.rooms.get(nsp, {None: []}).get(
+                                    None, []
+                                )
+                            ),
+                        }
+                        for nsp in namespaces
+                    ],
+                },
+                namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+            )
 
     def serialize_socket(self, sid, namespace, eio_sid=None):
         if eio_sid is None:  # pragma: no cover
             eio_sid = self.sio.manager.eio_sid_from_sid(sid)
         socket = self.sio.eio._get_socket(eio_sid)
         environ = self.sio.environ.get(eio_sid, {})
-        tm = self.sio.manager._timestamps[sid] if sid in \
-            self.sio.manager._timestamps else 0
+        tm = (
+            self.sio.manager._timestamps[sid]
+            if sid in self.sio.manager._timestamps
+            else 0
+        )
         return {
-            'id': sid,
-            'clientId': eio_sid,
-            'transport': 'websocket' if socket.upgraded else 'polling',
-            'nsp': namespace,
-            'data': {},
-            'handshake': {
-                'address': environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR', ''),
-                'headers': {k[5:].lower(): v for k, v in environ.items()
-                            if k.startswith('HTTP_')},
-                'query': {k: v[0] if len(v) == 1 else v for k, v in parse_qs(
-                    environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '')).items()},
-                'secure': environ.get('wsgi.url_scheme', '') == 'https',
-                'url': environ.get('PATH_INFO', ''),
-                'issued': tm * 1000,
-                'time': datetime.utcfromtimestamp(tm).isoformat() + 'Z'
-                if tm else '',
+            "id": sid,
+            "clientId": eio_sid,
+            "transport": "websocket" if socket.upgraded else "polling",
+            "nsp": namespace,
+            "data": {},
+            "handshake": {
+                "address": environ.get("REMOTE_ADDR", ""),
+                "headers": {
+                    k[5:].lower(): v
+                    for k, v in environ.items()
+                    if k.startswith("HTTP_")
+                },
+                "query": {
+                    k: v[0] if len(v) == 1 else v
+                    for k, v in parse_qs(environ.get("QUERY_STRING", "")).items()
+                },
+                "secure": environ.get("wsgi.url_scheme", "") == "https",
+                "url": environ.get("PATH_INFO", ""),
+                "issued": tm * 1000,
+                "time": datetime.utcfromtimestamp(tm).isoformat() + "Z" if tm else "",
             },
-            'rooms': self.sio.manager.get_rooms(sid, namespace),
+            "rooms": self.sio.manager.get_rooms(sid, namespace),
         }
diff --git a/src/socketio/asgi.py b/src/socketio/asgi.py
index 2394ee1..0d707af 100644
--- a/src/socketio/asgi.py
+++ b/src/socketio/asgi.py
@@ -33,10 +33,21 @@ class ASGIApp(engineio.ASGIApp):  # pragma: no cover
         })
         uvicorn.run(app, host='127.0.0.1', port=5000)
     """
-    def __init__(self, socketio_server, other_asgi_app=None,
-                 static_files=None, socketio_path='socket.io',
-                 on_startup=None, on_shutdown=None):
-        super().__init__(socketio_server, other_asgi_app,
-                         static_files=static_files,
-                         engineio_path=socketio_path, on_startup=on_startup,
-                         on_shutdown=on_shutdown)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        socketio_server,
+        other_asgi_app=None,
+        static_files=None,
+        socketio_path="socket.io",
+        on_startup=None,
+        on_shutdown=None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            socketio_server,
+            other_asgi_app,
+            static_files=static_files,
+            engineio_path=socketio_path,
+            on_startup=on_startup,
+            on_shutdown=on_shutdown,
+        )
diff --git a/src/socketio/async_admin.py b/src/socketio/async_admin.py
index 162c566..5e4e919 100644
--- a/src/socketio/async_admin.py
+++ b/src/socketio/async_admin.py
@@ -13,19 +13,28 @@ PID = os.getpid()
 
 
 class InstrumentedAsyncServer:
-    def __init__(self, sio, auth=None, namespace='/admin', read_only=False,
-                 server_id=None, mode='development', server_stats_interval=2):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        sio,
+        auth=None,
+        namespace="/admin",
+        read_only=False,
+        server_id=None,
+        mode="development",
+        server_stats_interval=2,
+    ):
         """Instrument the Socket.IO server for monitoring with the `Socket.IO
         Admin UI <https://socket.io/docs/v4/admin-ui/>`_.
         """
         if auth is None:
-            raise ValueError('auth must be specified')
+            raise ValueError("auth must be specified")
         self.sio = sio
         self.auth = auth
         self.admin_namespace = namespace
         self.read_only = read_only
         self.server_id = server_id or (
-            self.sio.manager.host_id if hasattr(self.sio.manager, 'host_id')
+            self.sio.manager.host_id
+            if hasattr(self.sio.manager, "host_id")
             else HOSTNAME
         )
         self.mode = mode
@@ -41,19 +50,20 @@ class InstrumentedAsyncServer:
         self.instrument()
 
     def instrument(self):
-        self.sio.on('connect', self.admin_connect,
-                    namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+        self.sio.on("connect", self.admin_connect, namespace=self.admin_namespace)
 
-        if self.mode == 'development':
+        if self.mode == "development":
             if not self.read_only:  # pragma: no branch
-                self.sio.on('emit', self.admin_emit,
-                            namespace=self.admin_namespace)
-                self.sio.on('join', self.admin_enter_room,
-                            namespace=self.admin_namespace)
-                self.sio.on('leave', self.admin_leave_room,
-                            namespace=self.admin_namespace)
-                self.sio.on('_disconnect', self.admin_disconnect,
-                            namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+                self.sio.on("emit", self.admin_emit, namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+                self.sio.on(
+                    "join", self.admin_enter_room, namespace=self.admin_namespace
+                )
+                self.sio.on(
+                    "leave", self.admin_leave_room, namespace=self.admin_namespace
+                )
+                self.sio.on(
+                    "_disconnect", self.admin_disconnect, namespace=self.admin_namespace
+                )
 
             # track socket connection times
             self.sio.manager._timestamps = {}
@@ -67,13 +77,11 @@ class InstrumentedAsyncServer:
             self.sio.manager.disconnect = self._disconnect
 
             # report join rooms
-            self.sio.manager.__basic_enter_room = \
-                self.sio.manager.basic_enter_room
+            self.sio.manager.__basic_enter_room = self.sio.manager.basic_enter_room
             self.sio.manager.basic_enter_room = self._basic_enter_room
 
             # report leave rooms
-            self.sio.manager.__basic_leave_room = \
-                self.sio.manager.basic_leave_room
+            self.sio.manager.__basic_leave_room = self.sio.manager.basic_leave_room
             self.sio.manager.basic_leave_room = self._basic_leave_room
 
             # report emit events
@@ -85,44 +93,47 @@ class InstrumentedAsyncServer:
             self.sio._handle_event_internal = self._handle_event_internal
 
         # report engine.io connections
-        self.sio.eio.on('connect', self._handle_eio_connect)
-        self.sio.eio.on('disconnect', self._handle_eio_disconnect)
+        self.sio.eio.on("connect", self._handle_eio_connect)
+        self.sio.eio.on("disconnect", self._handle_eio_disconnect)
 
         # report polling packets
         from engineio.async_socket import AsyncSocket
+
         self.sio.eio.__ok = self.sio.eio._ok
         self.sio.eio._ok = self._eio_http_response
         AsyncSocket.__handle_post_request = AsyncSocket.handle_post_request
         AsyncSocket.handle_post_request = functools.partialmethod(
-            self.__class__._eio_handle_post_request, self)
+            self.__class__._eio_handle_post_request, self
+        )
 
         # report websocket packets
         AsyncSocket.__websocket_handler = AsyncSocket._websocket_handler
         AsyncSocket._websocket_handler = functools.partialmethod(
-            self.__class__._eio_websocket_handler, self)
+            self.__class__._eio_websocket_handler, self
+        )
 
         # report connected sockets with each ping
-        if self.mode == 'development':
+        if self.mode == "development":
             AsyncSocket.__send_ping = AsyncSocket._send_ping
             AsyncSocket._send_ping = functools.partialmethod(
-                self.__class__._eio_send_ping, self)
+                self.__class__._eio_send_ping, self
+            )
 
     def uninstrument(self):  # pragma: no cover
-        if self.mode == 'development':
+        if self.mode == "development":
             self.sio.manager.connect = self.sio.manager.__connect
             self.sio.manager.disconnect = self.sio.manager.__disconnect
-            self.sio.manager.basic_enter_room = \
-                self.sio.manager.__basic_enter_room
-            self.sio.manager.basic_leave_room = \
-                self.sio.manager.__basic_leave_room
+            self.sio.manager.basic_enter_room = self.sio.manager.__basic_enter_room
+            self.sio.manager.basic_leave_room = self.sio.manager.__basic_leave_room
             self.sio.manager.emit = self.sio.manager.__emit
             self.sio._handle_event_internal = self.sio.__handle_event_internal
         self.sio.eio._ok = self.sio.eio.__ok
 
         from engineio.async_socket import AsyncSocket
+
         AsyncSocket.handle_post_request = AsyncSocket.__handle_post_request
         AsyncSocket._websocket_handler = AsyncSocket.__websocket_handler
-        if self.mode == 'development':
+        if self.mode == "development":
             AsyncSocket._send_ping = AsyncSocket.__send_ping
 
     async def admin_connect(self, sid, environ, client_auth):
@@ -139,53 +150,59 @@ class InstrumentedAsyncServer:
                 else:
                     authenticated = self.auth(client_auth)
             if not authenticated:
-                raise ConnectionRefusedError('authentication failed')
+                raise ConnectionRefusedError("authentication failed")
 
         async def config(sid):
             await self.sio.sleep(0.1)
 
             # supported features
-            features = ['AGGREGATED_EVENTS']
+            features = ["AGGREGATED_EVENTS"]
             if not self.read_only:
-                features += ['EMIT', 'JOIN', 'LEAVE', 'DISCONNECT', 'MJOIN',
-                             'MLEAVE', 'MDISCONNECT']
-            if self.mode == 'development':
-                features.append('ALL_EVENTS')
-            await self.sio.emit('config', {'supportedFeatures': features},
-                                to=sid, namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+                features += [
+                    "EMIT",
+                    "JOIN",
+                    "LEAVE",
+                    "DISCONNECT",
+                    "MJOIN",
+                    "MLEAVE",
+                    "MDISCONNECT",
+                ]
+            if self.mode == "development":
+                features.append("ALL_EVENTS")
+            await self.sio.emit(
+                "config",
+                {"supportedFeatures": features},
+                to=sid,
+                namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+            )
 
             # send current sockets
-            if self.mode == 'development':
+            if self.mode == "development":
                 all_sockets = []
                 for nsp in self.sio.manager.get_namespaces():
-                    for sid, eio_sid in self.sio.manager.get_participants(
-                            nsp, None):
-                        all_sockets.append(
-                            self.serialize_socket(sid, nsp, eio_sid))
-                await self.sio.emit('all_sockets', all_sockets, to=sid,
-                                    namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+                    for sid, eio_sid in self.sio.manager.get_participants(nsp, None):
+                        all_sockets.append(self.serialize_socket(sid, nsp, eio_sid))
+                await self.sio.emit(
+                    "all_sockets", all_sockets, to=sid, namespace=self.admin_namespace
+                )
 
         self.sio.start_background_task(config, sid)
         self.stop_stats_event = self.sio.eio.create_event()
-        self.stats_task = self.sio.start_background_task(
-            self._emit_server_stats)
+        self.stats_task = self.sio.start_background_task(self._emit_server_stats)
 
     async def admin_emit(self, _, namespace, room_filter, event, *data):
         await self.sio.emit(event, data, to=room_filter, namespace=namespace)
 
     async def admin_enter_room(self, _, namespace, room, room_filter=None):
-        for sid, _ in self.sio.manager.get_participants(
-                namespace, room_filter):
+        for sid, _ in self.sio.manager.get_participants(namespace, room_filter):
             await self.sio.enter_room(sid, room, namespace=namespace)
 
     async def admin_leave_room(self, _, namespace, room, room_filter=None):
-        for sid, _ in self.sio.manager.get_participants(
-                namespace, room_filter):
+        for sid, _ in self.sio.manager.get_participants(namespace, room_filter):
             await self.sio.leave_room(sid, room, namespace=namespace)
 
     async def admin_disconnect(self, _, namespace, close, room_filter=None):
-        for sid, _ in self.sio.manager.get_participants(
-                namespace, room_filter):
+        for sid, _ in self.sio.manager.get_participants(namespace, room_filter):
             await self.sio.disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace)
 
     async def shutdown(self):
@@ -198,128 +215,161 @@ class InstrumentedAsyncServer:
         t = time.time()
         self.sio.manager._timestamps[sid] = t
         serialized_socket = self.serialize_socket(sid, namespace, eio_sid)
-        await self.sio.emit('socket_connected', (
-            serialized_socket,
-            datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t).isoformat() + 'Z',
-        ), namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+        await self.sio.emit(
+            "socket_connected",
+            (
+                serialized_socket,
+                datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t).isoformat() + "Z",
+            ),
+            namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+        )
         return sid
 
     async def _disconnect(self, sid, namespace, **kwargs):
         del self.sio.manager._timestamps[sid]
-        await self.sio.emit('socket_disconnected', (
-            namespace,
-            sid,
-            'N/A',
-            datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + 'Z',
-        ), namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+        await self.sio.emit(
+            "socket_disconnected",
+            (
+                namespace,
+                sid,
+                "N/A",
+                datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z",
+            ),
+            namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+        )
         return await self.sio.manager.__disconnect(sid, namespace, **kwargs)
 
-    async def _check_for_upgrade(self, eio_sid, sid,
-                                 namespace):  # pragma: no cover
+    async def _check_for_upgrade(self, eio_sid, sid, namespace):  # pragma: no cover
         for _ in range(5):
             await self.sio.sleep(5)
             try:
                 if self.sio.eio._get_socket(eio_sid).upgraded:
-                    await self.sio.emit('socket_updated', {
-                        'id': sid,
-                        'nsp': namespace,
-                        'transport': 'websocket',
-                    }, namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+                    await self.sio.emit(
+                        "socket_updated",
+                        {
+                            "id": sid,
+                            "nsp": namespace,
+                            "transport": "websocket",
+                        },
+                        namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+                    )
                     break
             except KeyError:
                 pass
 
     def _basic_enter_room(self, sid, namespace, room, eio_sid=None):
-        ret = self.sio.manager.__basic_enter_room(sid, namespace, room,
-                                                  eio_sid)
+        ret = self.sio.manager.__basic_enter_room(sid, namespace, room, eio_sid)
         if room:
-            self.admin_queue.append(('room_joined', (
-                namespace,
-                room,
-                sid,
-                datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + 'Z',
-            )))
+            self.admin_queue.append(
+                (
+                    "room_joined",
+                    (
+                        namespace,
+                        room,
+                        sid,
+                        datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z",
+                    ),
+                )
+            )
         return ret
 
     def _basic_leave_room(self, sid, namespace, room):
         if room:
-            self.admin_queue.append(('room_left', (
-                namespace,
-                room,
-                sid,
-                datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + 'Z',
-            )))
+            self.admin_queue.append(
+                (
+                    "room_left",
+                    (
+                        namespace,
+                        room,
+                        sid,
+                        datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z",
+                    ),
+                )
+            )
         return self.sio.manager.__basic_leave_room(sid, namespace, room)
 
-    async def _emit(self, event, data, namespace, room=None, skip_sid=None,
-                    callback=None, **kwargs):
+    async def _emit(
+        self, event, data, namespace, room=None, skip_sid=None, callback=None, **kwargs
+    ):
         ret = await self.sio.manager.__emit(
-            event, data, namespace, room=room, skip_sid=skip_sid,
-            callback=callback, **kwargs)
+            event,
+            data,
+            namespace,
+            room=room,
+            skip_sid=skip_sid,
+            callback=callback,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
         if namespace != self.admin_namespace:
-            event_data = [event] + list(data) if isinstance(data, tuple) \
-                else [data]
+            event_data = [event] + list(data) if isinstance(data, tuple) else [data]
             if not isinstance(skip_sid, list):  # pragma: no branch
                 skip_sid = [skip_sid]
             for sid, _ in self.sio.manager.get_participants(namespace, room):
                 if sid not in skip_sid:
-                    await self.sio.emit('event_sent', (
-                        namespace,
-                        sid,
-                        event_data,
-                        datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + 'Z',
-                    ), namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+                    await self.sio.emit(
+                        "event_sent",
+                        (
+                            namespace,
+                            sid,
+                            event_data,
+                            datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z",
+                        ),
+                        namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+                    )
         return ret
 
-    async def _handle_event_internal(self, server, sid, eio_sid, data,
-                                     namespace, id):
-        ret = await self.sio.__handle_event_internal(server, sid, eio_sid,
-                                                     data, namespace, id)
-        await self.sio.emit('event_received', (
-            namespace,
-            sid,
-            data,
-            datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + 'Z',
-        ), namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+    async def _handle_event_internal(self, server, sid, eio_sid, data, namespace, id):
+        ret = await self.sio.__handle_event_internal(
+            server, sid, eio_sid, data, namespace, id
+        )
+        await self.sio.emit(
+            "event_received",
+            (
+                namespace,
+                sid,
+                data,
+                datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z",
+            ),
+            namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+        )
         return ret
 
     async def _handle_eio_connect(self, eio_sid, environ):
         if self.stop_stats_event is None:
             self.stop_stats_event = self.sio.eio.create_event()
-            self.stats_task = self.sio.start_background_task(
-                self._emit_server_stats)
+            self.stats_task = self.sio.start_background_task(self._emit_server_stats)
 
-        self.event_buffer.push('rawConnection')
+        self.event_buffer.push("rawConnection")
         return await self.sio._handle_eio_connect(eio_sid, environ)
 
     async def _handle_eio_disconnect(self, eio_sid):
-        self.event_buffer.push('rawDisconnection')
+        self.event_buffer.push("rawDisconnection")
         return await self.sio._handle_eio_disconnect(eio_sid)
 
     def _eio_http_response(self, packets=None, headers=None, jsonp_index=None):
-        ret = self.sio.eio.__ok(packets=packets, headers=headers,
-                                jsonp_index=jsonp_index)
-        self.event_buffer.push('packetsOut')
-        self.event_buffer.push('bytesOut', len(ret['response']))
+        ret = self.sio.eio.__ok(
+            packets=packets, headers=headers, jsonp_index=jsonp_index
+        )
+        self.event_buffer.push("packetsOut")
+        self.event_buffer.push("bytesOut", len(ret["response"]))
         return ret
 
     async def _eio_handle_post_request(socket, self, environ):
         ret = await socket.__handle_post_request(environ)
-        self.event_buffer.push('packetsIn')
-        self.event_buffer.push(
-            'bytesIn', int(environ.get('CONTENT_LENGTH', 0)))
+        self.event_buffer.push("packetsIn")
+        self.event_buffer.push("bytesIn", int(environ.get("CONTENT_LENGTH", 0)))
         return ret
 
     async def _eio_websocket_handler(socket, self, ws):
         async def _send(ws, data):
-            self.event_buffer.push('packetsOut')
-            self.event_buffer.push('bytesOut', len(data))
+            self.event_buffer.push("packetsOut")
+            self.event_buffer.push("bytesOut", len(data))
             return await ws.__send(data)
 
         async def _wait(ws):
             ret = await ws.__wait()
-            self.event_buffer.push('packetsIn')
-            self.event_buffer.push('bytesIn', len(ret or ''))
+            self.event_buffer.push("packetsIn")
+            self.event_buffer.push("bytesIn", len(ret or ""))
             return ret
 
         ws.__send = ws.send
@@ -334,12 +384,15 @@ class InstrumentedAsyncServer:
         for namespace in self.sio.manager.get_namespaces():
             sid = self.sio.manager.sid_from_eio_sid(eio_sid, namespace)
             if sid:
-                serialized_socket = self.serialize_socket(sid, namespace,
-                                                          eio_sid)
-                await self.sio.emit('socket_connected', (
-                    serialized_socket,
-                    datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t).isoformat() + 'Z',
-                ), namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+                serialized_socket = self.serialize_socket(sid, namespace, eio_sid)
+                await self.sio.emit(
+                    "socket_connected",
+                    (
+                        serialized_socket,
+                        datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t).isoformat() + "Z",
+                    ),
+                    namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+                )
         return await socket.__send_ping()
 
     async def _emit_server_stats(self):
@@ -348,51 +401,67 @@ class InstrumentedAsyncServer:
         namespaces.sort()
         while not self.stop_stats_event.is_set():
             await self.sio.sleep(self.server_stats_interval)
-            await self.sio.emit('server_stats', {
-                'serverId': self.server_id,
-                'hostname': HOSTNAME,
-                'pid': PID,
-                'uptime': time.time() - start_time,
-                'clientsCount': len(self.sio.eio.sockets),
-                'pollingClientsCount': len(
-                    [s for s in self.sio.eio.sockets.values()
-                     if not s.upgraded]),
-                'aggregatedEvents': self.event_buffer.get_and_clear(),
-                'namespaces': [{
-                    'name': nsp,
-                    'socketsCount': len(self.sio.manager.rooms.get(
-                        nsp, {None: []}).get(None, []))
-                } for nsp in namespaces],
-            }, namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+            await self.sio.emit(
+                "server_stats",
+                {
+                    "serverId": self.server_id,
+                    "hostname": HOSTNAME,
+                    "pid": PID,
+                    "uptime": time.time() - start_time,
+                    "clientsCount": len(self.sio.eio.sockets),
+                    "pollingClientsCount": len(
+                        [s for s in self.sio.eio.sockets.values() if not s.upgraded]
+                    ),
+                    "aggregatedEvents": self.event_buffer.get_and_clear(),
+                    "namespaces": [
+                        {
+                            "name": nsp,
+                            "socketsCount": len(
+                                self.sio.manager.rooms.get(nsp, {None: []}).get(
+                                    None, []
+                                )
+                            ),
+                        }
+                        for nsp in namespaces
+                    ],
+                },
+                namespace=self.admin_namespace,
+            )
             while self.admin_queue:
                 event, args = self.admin_queue.pop(0)
-                await self.sio.emit(event, args,
-                                    namespace=self.admin_namespace)
+                await self.sio.emit(event, args, namespace=self.admin_namespace)
 
     def serialize_socket(self, sid, namespace, eio_sid=None):
         if eio_sid is None:  # pragma: no cover
             eio_sid = self.sio.manager.eio_sid_from_sid(sid)
         socket = self.sio.eio._get_socket(eio_sid)
         environ = self.sio.environ.get(eio_sid, {})
-        tm = self.sio.manager._timestamps[sid] if sid in \
-            self.sio.manager._timestamps else 0
+        tm = (
+            self.sio.manager._timestamps[sid]
+            if sid in self.sio.manager._timestamps
+            else 0
+        )
         return {
-            'id': sid,
-            'clientId': eio_sid,
-            'transport': 'websocket' if socket.upgraded else 'polling',
-            'nsp': namespace,
-            'data': {},
-            'handshake': {
-                'address': environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR', ''),
-                'headers': {k[5:].lower(): v for k, v in environ.items()
-                            if k.startswith('HTTP_')},
-                'query': {k: v[0] if len(v) == 1 else v for k, v in parse_qs(
-                    environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '')).items()},
-                'secure': environ.get('wsgi.url_scheme', '') == 'https',
-                'url': environ.get('PATH_INFO', ''),
-                'issued': tm * 1000,
-                'time': datetime.utcfromtimestamp(tm).isoformat() + 'Z'
-                if tm else '',
+            "id": sid,
+            "clientId": eio_sid,
+            "transport": "websocket" if socket.upgraded else "polling",
+            "nsp": namespace,
+            "data": {},
+            "handshake": {
+                "address": environ.get("REMOTE_ADDR", ""),
+                "headers": {
+                    k[5:].lower(): v
+                    for k, v in environ.items()
+                    if k.startswith("HTTP_")
+                },
+                "query": {
+                    k: v[0] if len(v) == 1 else v
+                    for k, v in parse_qs(environ.get("QUERY_STRING", "")).items()
+                },
+                "secure": environ.get("wsgi.url_scheme", "") == "https",
+                "url": environ.get("PATH_INFO", ""),
+                "issued": tm * 1000,
+                "time": datetime.utcfromtimestamp(tm).isoformat() + "Z" if tm else "",
             },
-            'rooms': self.sio.manager.get_rooms(sid, namespace),
+            "rooms": self.sio.manager.get_rooms(sid, namespace),
         }
diff --git a/src/socketio/async_aiopika_manager.py b/src/socketio/async_aiopika_manager.py
index b6f09b8..cf92595 100644
--- a/src/socketio/async_aiopika_manager.py
+++ b/src/socketio/async_aiopika_manager.py
@@ -35,14 +35,21 @@ class AsyncAioPikaManager(AsyncPubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
                        and receiving.
     """
 
-    name = 'asyncaiopika'
-
-    def __init__(self, url='amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672//',
-                 channel='socketio', write_only=False, logger=None):
+    name = "asyncaiopika"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url="amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672//",
+        channel="socketio",
+        write_only=False,
+        logger=None,
+    ):
         if aio_pika is None:
-            raise RuntimeError('aio_pika package is not installed '
-                               '(Run "pip install aio_pika" in your '
-                               'virtualenv).')
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "aio_pika package is not installed "
+                '(Run "pip install aio_pika" in your '
+                "virtualenv)."
+            )
         self.url = url
         self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
         self.publisher_connection = None
@@ -57,12 +64,14 @@ class AsyncAioPikaManager(AsyncPubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
         return await connection.channel()
 
     async def _exchange(self, channel):
-        return await channel.declare_exchange(self.channel,
-                                              aio_pika.ExchangeType.FANOUT)
+        return await channel.declare_exchange(
+            self.channel, aio_pika.ExchangeType.FANOUT
+        )
 
     async def _queue(self, channel, exchange):
-        queue = await channel.declare_queue(durable=False,
-                                            arguments={'x-expires': 300000})
+        queue = await channel.declare_queue(
+            durable=False, arguments={"x-expires": 300000}
+        )
         await queue.bind(exchange)
         return queue
 
@@ -83,25 +92,26 @@ class AsyncAioPikaManager(AsyncPubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
                 await self.publisher_exchange.publish(
                     aio_pika.Message(
                         body=pickle.dumps(data),
-                        delivery_mode=aio_pika.DeliveryMode.PERSISTENT
-                    ), routing_key='*',
+                        delivery_mode=aio_pika.DeliveryMode.PERSISTENT,
+                    ),
+                    routing_key="*",
                 )
                 break
             except aio_pika.AMQPException:
                 if retry:
-                    self._get_logger().error('Cannot publish to rabbitmq... '
-                                             'retrying')
+                    self._get_logger().error(
+                        "Cannot publish to rabbitmq... " "retrying"
+                    )
                     retry = False
                 else:
-                    self._get_logger().error(
-                        'Cannot publish to rabbitmq... giving up')
+                    self._get_logger().error("Cannot publish to rabbitmq... giving up")
                     break
             except aio_pika.exceptions.ChannelInvalidStateError:
                 # aio_pika raises this exception when the task is cancelled
                 raise asyncio.CancelledError()
 
     async def _listen(self):
-        async with (await self._connection()) as connection:
+        async with await self._connection() as connection:
             channel = await self._channel(connection)
             await channel.set_qos(prefetch_count=1)
             exchange = await self._exchange(channel)
@@ -117,8 +127,10 @@ class AsyncAioPikaManager(AsyncPubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
                                 retry_sleep = 1
                 except aio_pika.AMQPException:
                     self._get_logger().error(
-                        'Cannot receive from rabbitmq... '
-                        'retrying in {} secs'.format(retry_sleep))
+                        "Cannot receive from rabbitmq... " "retrying in {} secs".format(
+                            retry_sleep
+                        )
+                    )
                     await asyncio.sleep(retry_sleep)
                     retry_sleep = min(retry_sleep * 2, 60)
                 except aio_pika.exceptions.ChannelInvalidStateError:
diff --git a/src/socketio/async_client.py b/src/socketio/async_client.py
index 88a6c4c..8bfe15e 100644
--- a/src/socketio/async_client.py
+++ b/src/socketio/async_client.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from . import base_client
 from . import exceptions
 from . import packet
 
-default_logger = logging.getLogger('socketio.client')
+default_logger = logging.getLogger("socketio.client")
 
 
 class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
@@ -64,12 +64,21 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
                             fatal errors are logged even when
                             ``engineio_logger`` is ``False``.
     """
+
     def is_asyncio_based(self):
         return True
 
-    async def connect(self, url, headers={}, auth=None, transports=None,
-                      namespaces=None, socketio_path='socket.io', wait=True,
-                      wait_timeout=1):
+    async def connect(
+        self,
+        url,
+        headers={},
+        auth=None,
+        transports=None,
+        namespaces=None,
+        socketio_path="socket.io",
+        wait=True,
+        wait_timeout=1,
+    ):
         """Connect to a Socket.IO server.
 
         :param url: The URL of the Socket.IO server. It can include custom
@@ -114,7 +123,7 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
             sio.connect('http://localhost:5000')
         """
         if self.connected:
-            raise exceptions.ConnectionError('Already connected')
+            raise exceptions.ConnectionError("Already connected")
 
         self.connection_url = url
         self.connection_headers = headers
@@ -124,10 +133,11 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
         self.socketio_path = socketio_path
 
         if namespaces is None:
-            namespaces = list(set(self.handlers.keys()).union(
-                set(self.namespace_handlers.keys())))
+            namespaces = list(
+                set(self.handlers.keys()).union(set(self.namespace_handlers.keys()))
+            )
             if len(namespaces) == 0:
-                namespaces = ['/']
+                namespaces = ["/"]
         elif isinstance(namespaces, str):
             namespaces = [namespaces]
         self.connection_namespaces = namespaces
@@ -139,21 +149,25 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
         real_url = await self._get_real_value(self.connection_url)
         real_headers = await self._get_real_value(self.connection_headers)
         try:
-            await self.eio.connect(real_url, headers=real_headers,
-                                   transports=transports,
-                                   engineio_path=socketio_path)
+            await self.eio.connect(
+                real_url,
+                headers=real_headers,
+                transports=transports,
+                engineio_path=socketio_path,
+            )
         except engineio.exceptions.ConnectionError as exc:
             for n in self.connection_namespaces:
                 await self._trigger_event(
-                    'connect_error', n,
-                    exc.args[1] if len(exc.args) > 1 else exc.args[0])
+                    "connect_error",
+                    n,
+                    exc.args[1] if len(exc.args) > 1 else exc.args[0],
+                )
             raise exceptions.ConnectionError(exc.args[0]) from None
 
         if wait:
             try:
                 while True:
-                    await asyncio.wait_for(self._connect_event.wait(),
-                                           wait_timeout)
+                    await asyncio.wait_for(self._connect_event.wait(), wait_timeout)
                     self._connect_event.clear()
                     if set(self.namespaces) == set(self.connection_namespaces):
                         break
@@ -162,7 +176,8 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
             if set(self.namespaces) != set(self.connection_namespaces):
                 await self.disconnect()
                 raise exceptions.ConnectionError(
-                    'One or more namespaces failed to connect')
+                    "One or more namespaces failed to connect"
+                )
 
         self.connected = True
 
@@ -180,7 +195,7 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
             if not self._reconnect_task:
                 break
             await self._reconnect_task
-            if self.eio.state != 'connected':
+            if self.eio.state != "connected":
                 break
 
     async def emit(self, event, data=None, namespace=None, callback=None):
@@ -209,10 +224,11 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
 
         Note 2: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         if namespace not in self.namespaces:
             raise exceptions.BadNamespaceError(
-                namespace + ' is not a connected namespace.')
+                namespace + " is not a connected namespace."
+            )
         self.logger.info('Emitting event "%s" [%s]', event, namespace)
         if callback is not None:
             id = self._generate_ack_id(namespace, callback)
@@ -226,8 +242,11 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
             data = [data]
         else:
             data = []
-        await self._send_packet(self.packet_class(
-            packet.EVENT, namespace=namespace, data=[event] + data, id=id))
+        await self._send_packet(
+            self.packet_class(
+                packet.EVENT, namespace=namespace, data=[event] + data, id=id
+            )
+        )
 
     async def send(self, data, namespace=None, callback=None):
         """Send a message to the server.
@@ -249,8 +268,7 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        await self.emit('message', data=data, namespace=namespace,
-                        callback=callback)
+        await self.emit("message", data=data, namespace=namespace, callback=callback)
 
     async def call(self, event, data=None, namespace=None, timeout=60):
         """Emit a custom event to the server and wait for the response.
@@ -290,15 +308,18 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
             callback_args.append(args)
             callback_event.set()
 
-        await self.emit(event, data=data, namespace=namespace,
-                        callback=event_callback)
+        await self.emit(event, data=data, namespace=namespace, callback=event_callback)
         try:
             await asyncio.wait_for(callback_event.wait(), timeout)
         except asyncio.TimeoutError:
             raise exceptions.TimeoutError() from None
-        return callback_args[0] if len(callback_args[0]) > 1 \
-            else callback_args[0][0] if len(callback_args[0]) == 1 \
+        return (
+            callback_args[0]
+            if len(callback_args[0]) > 1
+            else callback_args[0][0]
+            if len(callback_args[0]) == 1
             else None
+        )
 
     async def disconnect(self):
         """Disconnect from the server.
@@ -308,8 +329,7 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
         # here we just request the disconnection
         # later in _handle_eio_disconnect we invoke the disconnect handler
         for n in self.namespaces:
-            await self._send_packet(self.packet_class(packet.DISCONNECT,
-                                    namespace=n))
+            await self._send_packet(self.packet_class(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace=n))
         await self.eio.disconnect(abort=True)
 
     def start_background_task(self, target, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -358,19 +378,19 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
             await self.eio.send(encoded_packet)
 
     async def _handle_connect(self, namespace, data):
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         if namespace not in self.namespaces:
-            self.logger.info('Namespace {} is connected'.format(namespace))
-            self.namespaces[namespace] = (data or {}).get('sid', self.sid)
-            await self._trigger_event('connect', namespace=namespace)
+            self.logger.info("Namespace {} is connected".format(namespace))
+            self.namespaces[namespace] = (data or {}).get("sid", self.sid)
+            await self._trigger_event("connect", namespace=namespace)
             self._connect_event.set()
 
     async def _handle_disconnect(self, namespace):
         if not self.connected:
             return
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
-        await self._trigger_event('disconnect', namespace=namespace)
-        await self._trigger_event('__disconnect_final', namespace=namespace)
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
+        await self._trigger_event("disconnect", namespace=namespace)
+        await self._trigger_event("__disconnect_final", namespace=namespace)
         if namespace in self.namespaces:
             del self.namespaces[namespace]
         if not self.namespaces:
@@ -378,7 +398,7 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
             await self.eio.disconnect(abort=True)
 
     async def _handle_event(self, namespace, id, data):
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         self.logger.info('Received event "%s" [%s]', data[0], namespace)
         r = await self._trigger_event(data[0], namespace, *data[1:])
         if id is not None:
@@ -390,18 +410,19 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
                 data = list(r)
             else:
                 data = [r]
-            await self._send_packet(self.packet_class(
-                packet.ACK, namespace=namespace, id=id, data=data))
+            await self._send_packet(
+                self.packet_class(packet.ACK, namespace=namespace, id=id, data=data)
+            )
 
     async def _handle_ack(self, namespace, id, data):
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
-        self.logger.info('Received ack [%s]', namespace)
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
+        self.logger.info("Received ack [%s]", namespace)
         callback = None
         try:
             callback = self.callbacks[namespace][id]
         except KeyError:
             # if we get an unknown callback we just ignore it
-            self.logger.warning('Unknown callback received, ignoring.')
+            self.logger.warning("Unknown callback received, ignoring.")
         else:
             del self.callbacks[namespace][id]
         if callback is not None:
@@ -411,18 +432,17 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
                 callback(*data)
 
     async def _handle_error(self, namespace, data):
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
-        self.logger.info('Connection to namespace {} was rejected'.format(
-            namespace))
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
+        self.logger.info("Connection to namespace {} was rejected".format(namespace))
         if data is None:
             data = tuple()
         elif not isinstance(data, (tuple, list)):
             data = (data,)
-        await self._trigger_event('connect_error', namespace, *data)
+        await self._trigger_event("connect_error", namespace, *data)
         self._connect_event.set()
         if namespace in self.namespaces:
             del self.namespaces[namespace]
-        if namespace == '/':
+        if namespace == "/":
             self.namespaces = {}
             self.connected = False
 
@@ -433,9 +453,8 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
             handler = None
             if event in self.handlers[namespace]:
                 handler = self.handlers[namespace][event]
-            elif event not in self.reserved_events and \
-                    '*' in self.handlers[namespace]:
-                handler = self.handlers[namespace]['*']
+            elif event not in self.reserved_events and "*" in self.handlers[namespace]:
+                handler = self.handlers[namespace]["*"]
                 args = (event, *args)
             if handler:
                 if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(handler):
@@ -449,8 +468,7 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
 
         # or else, forward the event to a namepsace handler if one exists
         elif namespace in self.namespace_handlers:
-            return await self.namespace_handlers[namespace].trigger_event(
-                event, *args)
+            return await self.namespace_handlers[namespace].trigger_event(event, *args)
 
     async def _handle_reconnect(self):
         if self._reconnect_abort is None:  # pragma: no cover
@@ -466,49 +484,51 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
                 delay = self.reconnection_delay_max
             delay += self.randomization_factor * (2 * random.random() - 1)
             self.logger.info(
-                'Connection failed, new attempt in {:.02f} seconds'.format(
-                    delay))
+                "Connection failed, new attempt in {:.02f} seconds".format(delay)
+            )
             try:
                 await asyncio.wait_for(self._reconnect_abort.wait(), delay)
-                self.logger.info('Reconnect task aborted')
+                self.logger.info("Reconnect task aborted")
                 for n in self.connection_namespaces:
-                    await self._trigger_event('__disconnect_final',
-                                              namespace=n)
+                    await self._trigger_event("__disconnect_final", namespace=n)
                 break
             except (asyncio.TimeoutError, asyncio.CancelledError):
                 pass
             attempt_count += 1
             try:
-                await self.connect(self.connection_url,
-                                   headers=self.connection_headers,
-                                   auth=self.connection_auth,
-                                   transports=self.connection_transports,
-                                   namespaces=self.connection_namespaces,
-                                   socketio_path=self.socketio_path)
+                await self.connect(
+                    self.connection_url,
+                    headers=self.connection_headers,
+                    auth=self.connection_auth,
+                    transports=self.connection_transports,
+                    namespaces=self.connection_namespaces,
+                    socketio_path=self.socketio_path,
+                )
             except (exceptions.ConnectionError, ValueError):
                 pass
             else:
-                self.logger.info('Reconnection successful')
+                self.logger.info("Reconnection successful")
                 self._reconnect_task = None
                 break
-            if self.reconnection_attempts and \
-                    attempt_count >= self.reconnection_attempts:
-                self.logger.info(
-                    'Maximum reconnection attempts reached, giving up')
+            if (
+                self.reconnection_attempts
+                and attempt_count >= self.reconnection_attempts
+            ):
+                self.logger.info("Maximum reconnection attempts reached, giving up")
                 for n in self.connection_namespaces:
-                    await self._trigger_event('__disconnect_final',
-                                              namespace=n)
+                    await self._trigger_event("__disconnect_final", namespace=n)
                 break
         base_client.reconnecting_clients.remove(self)
 
     async def _handle_eio_connect(self):
         """Handle the Engine.IO connection event."""
-        self.logger.info('Engine.IO connection established')
+        self.logger.info("Engine.IO connection established")
         self.sid = self.eio.sid
         real_auth = await self._get_real_value(self.connection_auth) or {}
         for n in self.connection_namespaces:
-            await self._send_packet(self.packet_class(
-                packet.CONNECT, data=real_auth, namespace=n))
+            await self._send_packet(
+                self.packet_class(packet.CONNECT, data=real_auth, namespace=n)
+            )
 
     async def _handle_eio_message(self, data):
         """Dispatch Engine.IO messages."""
@@ -530,32 +550,32 @@ class AsyncClient(base_client.BaseClient):
                 await self._handle_event(pkt.namespace, pkt.id, pkt.data)
             elif pkt.packet_type == packet.ACK:
                 await self._handle_ack(pkt.namespace, pkt.id, pkt.data)
-            elif pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT or \
-                    pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_ACK:
+            elif (
+                pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT
+                or pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_ACK
+            ):
                 self._binary_packet = pkt
             elif pkt.packet_type == packet.CONNECT_ERROR:
                 await self._handle_error(pkt.namespace, pkt.data)
             else:
-                raise ValueError('Unknown packet type.')
+                raise ValueError("Unknown packet type.")
 
     async def _handle_eio_disconnect(self):
         """Handle the Engine.IO disconnection event."""
-        self.logger.info('Engine.IO connection dropped')
-        will_reconnect = self.reconnection and self.eio.state == 'connected'
+        self.logger.info("Engine.IO connection dropped")
+        will_reconnect = self.reconnection and self.eio.state == "connected"
         if self.connected:
             for n in self.namespaces:
-                await self._trigger_event('disconnect', namespace=n)
+                await self._trigger_event("disconnect", namespace=n)
                 if not will_reconnect:
-                    await self._trigger_event('__disconnect_final',
-                                              namespace=n)
+                    await self._trigger_event("__disconnect_final", namespace=n)
             self.namespaces = {}
             self.connected = False
         self.callbacks = {}
         self._binary_packet = None
         self.sid = None
         if will_reconnect:
-            self._reconnect_task = self.start_background_task(
-                self._handle_reconnect)
+            self._reconnect_task = self.start_background_task(self._handle_reconnect)
 
     def _engineio_client_class(self):
         return engineio.AsyncClient
diff --git a/src/socketio/async_manager.py b/src/socketio/async_manager.py
index dcf79cf..ce11da8 100644
--- a/src/socketio/async_manager.py
+++ b/src/socketio/async_manager.py
@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@ from .base_manager import BaseManager
 
 class AsyncManager(BaseManager):
     """Manage a client list for an asyncio server."""
+
     async def can_disconnect(self, sid, namespace):
         return self.is_connected(sid, namespace)
 
-    async def emit(self, event, data, namespace, room=None, skip_sid=None,
-                   callback=None, **kwargs):
+    async def emit(
+        self, event, data, namespace, room=None, skip_sid=None, callback=None, **kwargs
+    ):
         """Emit a message to a single client, a room, or all the clients
         connected to the namespace.
 
@@ -34,17 +36,20 @@ class AsyncManager(BaseManager):
             # when callbacks aren't used the packets sent to each recipient are
             # identical, so they can be generated once and reused
             pkt = self.server.packet_class(
-                packet.EVENT, namespace=namespace, data=[event] + data)
+                packet.EVENT, namespace=namespace, data=[event] + data
+            )
             encoded_packet = pkt.encode()
             if not isinstance(encoded_packet, list):
                 encoded_packet = [encoded_packet]
-            eio_pkt = [eio_packet.Packet(eio_packet.MESSAGE, p)
-                       for p in encoded_packet]
+            eio_pkt = [eio_packet.Packet(eio_packet.MESSAGE, p) for p in encoded_packet]
             for sid, eio_sid in self.get_participants(namespace, room):
                 if sid not in skip_sid:
                     for p in eio_pkt:
-                        tasks.append(asyncio.create_task(
-                            self.server._send_eio_packet(eio_sid, p)))
+                        tasks.append(
+                            asyncio.create_task(
+                                self.server._send_eio_packet(eio_sid, p)
+                            )
+                        )
         else:
             # callbacks are used, so each recipient must be sent a packet that
             # contains a unique callback id
@@ -54,10 +59,11 @@ class AsyncManager(BaseManager):
                 if sid not in skip_sid:  # pragma: no branch
                     id = self._generate_ack_id(sid, callback)
                     pkt = self.server.packet_class(
-                        packet.EVENT, namespace=namespace, data=[event] + data,
-                        id=id)
-                    tasks.append(asyncio.create_task(
-                        self.server._send_packet(eio_sid, pkt)))
+                        packet.EVENT, namespace=namespace, data=[event] + data, id=id
+                    )
+                    tasks.append(
+                        asyncio.create_task(self.server._send_packet(eio_sid, pkt))
+                    )
         if tasks == []:  # pragma: no cover
             return
         await asyncio.wait(tasks)
@@ -107,7 +113,7 @@ class AsyncManager(BaseManager):
             callback = self.callbacks[sid][id]
         except KeyError:
             # if we get an unknown callback we just ignore it
-            self._get_logger().warning('Unknown callback received, ignoring.')
+            self._get_logger().warning("Unknown callback received, ignoring.")
         else:
             del self.callbacks[sid][id]
         if callback is not None:
diff --git a/src/socketio/async_namespace.py b/src/socketio/async_namespace.py
index 0a2e051..a6b7a37 100644
--- a/src/socketio/async_namespace.py
+++ b/src/socketio/async_namespace.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ class AsyncNamespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
                       handlers defined in this class. If this argument is
                       omitted, the default namespace is used.
     """
+
     def is_asyncio_based(self):
         return True
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ class AsyncNamespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        handler_name = 'on_' + event
+        handler_name = "on_" + event
         if hasattr(self, handler_name):
             handler = getattr(self, handler_name)
             if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(handler) is True:
@@ -41,8 +42,17 @@ class AsyncNamespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
                 ret = handler(*args)
             return ret
 
-    async def emit(self, event, data=None, to=None, room=None, skip_sid=None,
-                   namespace=None, callback=None, ignore_queue=False):
+    async def emit(
+        self,
+        event,
+        data=None,
+        to=None,
+        room=None,
+        skip_sid=None,
+        namespace=None,
+        callback=None,
+        ignore_queue=False,
+    ):
         """Emit a custom event to one or more connected clients.
 
         The only difference with the :func:`socketio.Server.emit` method is
@@ -51,14 +61,27 @@ class AsyncNamespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        return await self.server.emit(event, data=data, to=to, room=room,
-                                      skip_sid=skip_sid,
-                                      namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
-                                      callback=callback,
-                                      ignore_queue=ignore_queue)
-
-    async def send(self, data, to=None, room=None, skip_sid=None,
-                   namespace=None, callback=None, ignore_queue=False):
+        return await self.server.emit(
+            event,
+            data=data,
+            to=to,
+            room=room,
+            skip_sid=skip_sid,
+            namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
+            callback=callback,
+            ignore_queue=ignore_queue,
+        )
+
+    async def send(
+        self,
+        data,
+        to=None,
+        room=None,
+        skip_sid=None,
+        namespace=None,
+        callback=None,
+        ignore_queue=False,
+    ):
         """Send a message to one or more connected clients.
 
         The only difference with the :func:`socketio.Server.send` method is
@@ -67,24 +90,41 @@ class AsyncNamespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        return await self.server.send(data, to=to, room=room,
-                                      skip_sid=skip_sid,
-                                      namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
-                                      callback=callback,
-                                      ignore_queue=ignore_queue)
-
-    async def call(self, event, data=None, to=None, sid=None, namespace=None,
-                   timeout=None, ignore_queue=False):
+        return await self.server.send(
+            data,
+            to=to,
+            room=room,
+            skip_sid=skip_sid,
+            namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
+            callback=callback,
+            ignore_queue=ignore_queue,
+        )
+
+    async def call(
+        self,
+        event,
+        data=None,
+        to=None,
+        sid=None,
+        namespace=None,
+        timeout=None,
+        ignore_queue=False,
+    ):
         """Emit a custom event to a client and wait for the response.
 
         The only difference with the :func:`socketio.Server.call` method is
         that when the ``namespace`` argument is not given the namespace
         associated with the class is used.
         """
-        return await self.server.call(event, data=data, to=to, sid=sid,
-                                      namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
-                                      timeout=timeout,
-                                      ignore_queue=ignore_queue)
+        return await self.server.call(
+            event,
+            data=data,
+            to=to,
+            sid=sid,
+            namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            ignore_queue=ignore_queue,
+        )
 
     async def enter_room(self, sid, room, namespace=None):
         """Enter a room.
@@ -96,7 +136,8 @@ class AsyncNamespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
         return await self.server.enter_room(
-            sid, room, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
+            sid, room, namespace=namespace or self.namespace
+        )
 
     async def leave_room(self, sid, room, namespace=None):
         """Leave a room.
@@ -108,7 +149,8 @@ class AsyncNamespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
         return await self.server.leave_room(
-            sid, room, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
+            sid, room, namespace=namespace or self.namespace
+        )
 
     async def close_room(self, room, namespace=None):
         """Close a room.
@@ -119,8 +161,7 @@ class AsyncNamespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        return await self.server.close_room(
-            room, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
+        return await self.server.close_room(room, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
 
     async def get_session(self, sid, namespace=None):
         """Return the user session for a client.
@@ -131,8 +172,7 @@ class AsyncNamespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        return await self.server.get_session(
-            sid, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
+        return await self.server.get_session(sid, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
 
     async def save_session(self, sid, session, namespace=None):
         """Store the user session for a client.
@@ -144,7 +184,8 @@ class AsyncNamespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
         return await self.server.save_session(
-            sid, session, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
+            sid, session, namespace=namespace or self.namespace
+        )
 
     def session(self, sid, namespace=None):
         """Return the user session for a client with context manager syntax.
@@ -164,8 +205,7 @@ class AsyncNamespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        return await self.server.disconnect(
-            sid, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
+        return await self.server.disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
 
 
 class AsyncClientNamespace(base_namespace.BaseClientNamespace):
@@ -181,6 +221,7 @@ class AsyncClientNamespace(base_namespace.BaseClientNamespace):
                       handlers defined in this class. If this argument is
                       omitted, the default namespace is used.
     """
+
     def is_asyncio_based(self):
         return True
 
@@ -194,7 +235,7 @@ class AsyncClientNamespace(base_namespace.BaseClientNamespace):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        handler_name = 'on_' + event
+        handler_name = "on_" + event
         if hasattr(self, handler_name):
             handler = getattr(self, handler_name)
             if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(handler) is True:
@@ -215,9 +256,9 @@ class AsyncClientNamespace(base_namespace.BaseClientNamespace):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        return await self.client.emit(event, data=data,
-                                      namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
-                                      callback=callback)
+        return await self.client.emit(
+            event, data=data, namespace=namespace or self.namespace, callback=callback
+        )
 
     async def send(self, data, namespace=None, callback=None):
         """Send a message to the server.
@@ -228,9 +269,9 @@ class AsyncClientNamespace(base_namespace.BaseClientNamespace):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        return await self.client.send(data,
-                                      namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
-                                      callback=callback)
+        return await self.client.send(
+            data, namespace=namespace or self.namespace, callback=callback
+        )
 
     async def call(self, event, data=None, namespace=None, timeout=None):
         """Emit a custom event to the server and wait for the response.
@@ -239,9 +280,9 @@ class AsyncClientNamespace(base_namespace.BaseClientNamespace):
         that when the ``namespace`` argument is not given the namespace
         associated with the class is used.
         """
-        return await self.client.call(event, data=data,
-                                      namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
-                                      timeout=timeout)
+        return await self.client.call(
+            event, data=data, namespace=namespace or self.namespace, timeout=timeout
+        )
 
     async def disconnect(self):
         """Disconnect a client.
diff --git a/src/socketio/async_pubsub_manager.py b/src/socketio/async_pubsub_manager.py
index c9d00b0..5799c00 100644
--- a/src/socketio/async_pubsub_manager.py
+++ b/src/socketio/async_pubsub_manager.py
@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@ class AsyncPubSubManager(AsyncManager):
     :param channel: The channel name on which the server sends and receives
                     notifications.
     """
-    name = 'asyncpubsub'
 
-    def __init__(self, channel='socketio', write_only=False, logger=None):
+    name = "asyncpubsub"
+
+    def __init__(self, channel="socketio", write_only=False, logger=None):
         super().__init__()
         self.channel = channel
         self.write_only = write_only
@@ -35,10 +36,18 @@ class AsyncPubSubManager(AsyncManager):
         super().initialize()
         if not self.write_only:
             self.thread = self.server.start_background_task(self._thread)
-        self._get_logger().info(self.name + ' backend initialized.')
+        self._get_logger().info(self.name + " backend initialized.")
 
-    async def emit(self, event, data, namespace=None, room=None, skip_sid=None,
-                   callback=None, **kwargs):
+    async def emit(
+        self,
+        event,
+        data,
+        namespace=None,
+        room=None,
+        skip_sid=None,
+        callback=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
         """Emit a message to a single client, a room, or all the clients
         connected to the namespace.
 
@@ -49,25 +58,37 @@ class AsyncPubSubManager(AsyncManager):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        if kwargs.get('ignore_queue'):
+        if kwargs.get("ignore_queue"):
             return await super().emit(
-                event, data, namespace=namespace, room=room, skip_sid=skip_sid,
-                callback=callback)
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+                event,
+                data,
+                namespace=namespace,
+                room=room,
+                skip_sid=skip_sid,
+                callback=callback,
+            )
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         if callback is not None:
             if self.server is None:
-                raise RuntimeError('Callbacks can only be issued from the '
-                                   'context of a server.')
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Callbacks can only be issued from the " "context of a server."
+                )
             if room is None:
-                raise ValueError('Cannot use callback without a room set.')
+                raise ValueError("Cannot use callback without a room set.")
             id = self._generate_ack_id(room, callback)
             callback = (room, namespace, id)
         else:
             callback = None
-        message = {'method': 'emit', 'event': event, 'data': data,
-                   'namespace': namespace, 'room': room,
-                   'skip_sid': skip_sid, 'callback': callback,
-                   'host_id': self.host_id}
+        message = {
+            "method": "emit",
+            "event": event,
+            "data": data,
+            "namespace": namespace,
+            "room": room,
+            "skip_sid": skip_sid,
+            "callback": callback,
+            "host_id": self.host_id,
+        }
         await self._handle_emit(message)  # handle in this host
         await self._publish(message)  # notify other hosts
 
@@ -77,27 +98,39 @@ class AsyncPubSubManager(AsyncManager):
             return await super().can_disconnect(sid, namespace)
         else:
             # client is in another server, so we post request to the queue
-            await self._publish({'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': sid,
-                                 'namespace': namespace or '/',
-                                 'host_id': self.host_id})
+            await self._publish(
+                {
+                    "method": "disconnect",
+                    "sid": sid,
+                    "namespace": namespace or "/",
+                    "host_id": self.host_id,
+                }
+            )
 
     async def disconnect(self, sid, namespace, **kwargs):
-        if kwargs.get('ignore_queue'):
-            return await super().disconnect(
-                sid, namespace=namespace)
-        message = {'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': sid,
-                   'namespace': namespace or '/', 'host_id': self.host_id}
+        if kwargs.get("ignore_queue"):
+            return await super().disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace)
+        message = {
+            "method": "disconnect",
+            "sid": sid,
+            "namespace": namespace or "/",
+            "host_id": self.host_id,
+        }
         await self._handle_disconnect(message)  # handle in this host
         await self._publish(message)  # notify other hosts
 
     async def enter_room(self, sid, namespace, room, eio_sid=None):
         if self.is_connected(sid, namespace):
             # client is in this server, so we can disconnect directly
-            return await super().enter_room(sid, namespace, room,
-                                            eio_sid=eio_sid)
+            return await super().enter_room(sid, namespace, room, eio_sid=eio_sid)
         else:
-            message = {'method': 'enter_room', 'sid': sid, 'room': room,
-                       'namespace': namespace or '/', 'host_id': self.host_id}
+            message = {
+                "method": "enter_room",
+                "sid": sid,
+                "room": room,
+                "namespace": namespace or "/",
+                "host_id": self.host_id,
+            }
             await self._publish(message)  # notify other hosts
 
     async def leave_room(self, sid, namespace, room):
@@ -105,13 +138,22 @@ class AsyncPubSubManager(AsyncManager):
             # client is in this server, so we can disconnect directly
             return await super().leave_room(sid, namespace, room)
         else:
-            message = {'method': 'leave_room', 'sid': sid, 'room': room,
-                       'namespace': namespace or '/', 'host_id': self.host_id}
+            message = {
+                "method": "leave_room",
+                "sid": sid,
+                "room": room,
+                "namespace": namespace or "/",
+                "host_id": self.host_id,
+            }
             await self._publish(message)  # notify other hosts
 
     async def close_room(self, room, namespace=None):
-        message = {'method': 'close_room', 'room': room,
-                   'namespace': namespace or '/', 'host_id': self.host_id}
+        message = {
+            "method": "close_room",
+            "room": room,
+            "namespace": namespace or "/",
+            "host_id": self.host_id,
+        }
         await self._handle_close_room(message)  # handle in this host
         await self._publish(message)  # notify other hosts
 
@@ -121,8 +163,9 @@ class AsyncPubSubManager(AsyncManager):
         This method needs to be implemented by the different subclasses that
         support pub/sub backends.
         """
-        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented in a '
-                                  'subclass.')  # pragma: no cover
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "This method must be implemented in a " "subclass."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
 
     async def _listen(self):
         """Return the next message published on the Socket.IO channel,
@@ -131,67 +174,79 @@ class AsyncPubSubManager(AsyncManager):
         This method needs to be implemented by the different subclasses that
         support pub/sub backends.
         """
-        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented in a '
-                                  'subclass.')  # pragma: no cover
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "This method must be implemented in a " "subclass."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
 
     async def _handle_emit(self, message):
         # Events with callbacks are very tricky to handle across hosts
         # Here in the receiving end we set up a local callback that preserves
         # the callback host and id from the sender
-        remote_callback = message.get('callback')
-        remote_host_id = message.get('host_id')
+        remote_callback = message.get("callback")
+        remote_host_id = message.get("host_id")
         if remote_callback is not None and len(remote_callback) == 3:
-            callback = partial(self._return_callback, remote_host_id,
-                               *remote_callback)
+            callback = partial(self._return_callback, remote_host_id, *remote_callback)
         else:
             callback = None
-        await super().emit(message['event'], message['data'],
-                           namespace=message.get('namespace'),
-                           room=message.get('room'),
-                           skip_sid=message.get('skip_sid'),
-                           callback=callback)
+        await super().emit(
+            message["event"],
+            message["data"],
+            namespace=message.get("namespace"),
+            room=message.get("room"),
+            skip_sid=message.get("skip_sid"),
+            callback=callback,
+        )
 
     async def _handle_callback(self, message):
-        if self.host_id == message.get('host_id'):
+        if self.host_id == message.get("host_id"):
             try:
-                sid = message['sid']
-                id = message['id']
-                args = message['args']
+                sid = message["sid"]
+                id = message["id"]
+                args = message["args"]
             except KeyError:
                 return
             await self.trigger_callback(sid, id, args)
 
-    async def _return_callback(self, host_id, sid, namespace, callback_id,
-                               *args):
+    async def _return_callback(self, host_id, sid, namespace, callback_id, *args):
         # When an event callback is received, the callback is returned back
         # the sender, which is identified by the host_id
         if host_id == self.host_id:
             await self.trigger_callback(sid, callback_id, args)
         else:
-            await self._publish({'method': 'callback', 'host_id': host_id,
-                                 'sid': sid, 'namespace': namespace,
-                                 'id': callback_id, 'args': args})
+            await self._publish(
+                {
+                    "method": "callback",
+                    "host_id": host_id,
+                    "sid": sid,
+                    "namespace": namespace,
+                    "id": callback_id,
+                    "args": args,
+                }
+            )
 
     async def _handle_disconnect(self, message):
-        await self.server.disconnect(sid=message.get('sid'),
-                                     namespace=message.get('namespace'),
-                                     ignore_queue=True)
+        await self.server.disconnect(
+            sid=message.get("sid"),
+            namespace=message.get("namespace"),
+            ignore_queue=True,
+        )
 
     async def _handle_enter_room(self, message):
-        sid = message.get('sid')
-        namespace = message.get('namespace')
+        sid = message.get("sid")
+        namespace = message.get("namespace")
         if self.is_connected(sid, namespace):
-            await super().enter_room(sid, namespace, message.get('room'))
+            await super().enter_room(sid, namespace, message.get("room"))
 
     async def _handle_leave_room(self, message):
-        sid = message.get('sid')
-        namespace = message.get('namespace')
+        sid = message.get("sid")
+        namespace = message.get("namespace")
         if self.is_connected(sid, namespace):
-            await super().leave_room(sid, namespace, message.get('room'))
+            await super().leave_room(sid, namespace, message.get("room"))
 
     async def _handle_close_room(self, message):
-        await super().close_room(room=message.get('room'),
-                                 namespace=message.get('namespace'))
+        await super().close_room(
+            room=message.get("room"), namespace=message.get("namespace")
+        )
 
     async def _thread(self):
         while True:
@@ -211,30 +266,33 @@ class AsyncPubSubManager(AsyncManager):
                                 data = json.loads(message)
                             except:
                                 pass
-                    if data and 'method' in data:
-                        self._get_logger().debug('pubsub message: {}'.format(
-                            data['method']))
+                    if data and "method" in data:
+                        self._get_logger().debug(
+                            "pubsub message: {}".format(data["method"])
+                        )
                         try:
-                            if data['method'] == 'callback':
+                            if data["method"] == "callback":
                                 await self._handle_callback(data)
-                            elif data.get('host_id') != self.host_id:
-                                if data['method'] == 'emit':
+                            elif data.get("host_id") != self.host_id:
+                                if data["method"] == "emit":
                                     await self._handle_emit(data)
-                                elif data['method'] == 'disconnect':
+                                elif data["method"] == "disconnect":
                                     await self._handle_disconnect(data)
-                                elif data['method'] == 'enter_room':
+                                elif data["method"] == "enter_room":
                                     await self._handle_enter_room(data)
-                                elif data['method'] == 'leave_room':
+                                elif data["method"] == "leave_room":
                                     await self._handle_leave_room(data)
-                                elif data['method'] == 'close_room':
+                                elif data["method"] == "close_room":
                                     await self._handle_close_room(data)
                         except asyncio.CancelledError:
                             raise  # let the outer try/except handle it
                         except:
                             self.server.logger.exception(
-                                'Unknown error in pubsub listening task')
+                                "Unknown error in pubsub listening task"
+                            )
             except asyncio.CancelledError:  # pragma: no cover
                 break
             except:  # pragma: no cover
                 import traceback
+
                 traceback.print_exc()
diff --git a/src/socketio/async_redis_manager.py b/src/socketio/async_redis_manager.py
index e039c6e..ffabad1 100644
--- a/src/socketio/async_redis_manager.py
+++ b/src/socketio/async_redis_manager.py
@@ -39,23 +39,31 @@ class AsyncRedisManager(AsyncPubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
     :param redis_options: additional keyword arguments to be passed to
                           ``aioredis.from_url()``.
     """
-    name = 'aioredis'
 
-    def __init__(self, url='redis://localhost:6379/0', channel='socketio',
-                 write_only=False, logger=None, redis_options=None):
+    name = "aioredis"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url="redis://localhost:6379/0",
+        channel="socketio",
+        write_only=False,
+        logger=None,
+        redis_options=None,
+    ):
         if aioredis is None:
-            raise RuntimeError('Redis package is not installed '
-                               '(Run "pip install redis" in your virtualenv).')
-        if not hasattr(aioredis.Redis, 'from_url'):
-            raise RuntimeError('Version 2 of aioredis package is required.')
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Redis package is not installed "
+                '(Run "pip install redis" in your virtualenv).'
+            )
+        if not hasattr(aioredis.Redis, "from_url"):
+            raise RuntimeError("Version 2 of aioredis package is required.")
         self.redis_url = url
         self.redis_options = redis_options or {}
         self._redis_connect()
         super().__init__(channel=channel, write_only=write_only, logger=logger)
 
     def _redis_connect(self):
-        self.redis = aioredis.Redis.from_url(self.redis_url,
-                                             **self.redis_options)
+        self.redis = aioredis.Redis.from_url(self.redis_url, **self.redis_options)
         self.pubsub = self.redis.pubsub(ignore_subscribe_messages=True)
 
     async def _publish(self, data):
@@ -64,16 +72,13 @@ class AsyncRedisManager(AsyncPubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
             try:
                 if not retry:
                     self._redis_connect()
-                return await self.redis.publish(
-                    self.channel, pickle.dumps(data))
+                return await self.redis.publish(self.channel, pickle.dumps(data))
             except RedisError:
                 if retry:
-                    self._get_logger().error('Cannot publish to redis... '
-                                             'retrying')
+                    self._get_logger().error("Cannot publish to redis... " "retrying")
                     retry = False
                 else:
-                    self._get_logger().error('Cannot publish to redis... '
-                                             'giving up')
+                    self._get_logger().error("Cannot publish to redis... " "giving up")
                     break
 
     async def _redis_listen_with_retries(self):
@@ -88,9 +93,11 @@ class AsyncRedisManager(AsyncPubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
                 async for message in self.pubsub.listen():
                     yield message
             except RedisError:
-                self._get_logger().error('Cannot receive from redis... '
-                                         'retrying in '
-                                         '{} secs'.format(retry_sleep))
+                self._get_logger().error(
+                    "Cannot receive from redis... " "retrying in " "{} secs".format(
+                        retry_sleep
+                    )
+                )
                 connect = True
                 await asyncio.sleep(retry_sleep)
                 retry_sleep *= 2
@@ -98,10 +105,13 @@ class AsyncRedisManager(AsyncPubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
                     retry_sleep = 60
 
     async def _listen(self):
-        channel = self.channel.encode('utf-8')
+        channel = self.channel.encode("utf-8")
         await self.pubsub.subscribe(self.channel)
         async for message in self._redis_listen_with_retries():
-            if message['channel'] == channel and \
-                    message['type'] == 'message' and 'data' in message:
-                yield message['data']
+            if (
+                message["channel"] == channel
+                and message["type"] == "message"
+                and "data" in message
+            ):
+                yield message["data"]
         await self.pubsub.unsubscribe(self.channel)
diff --git a/src/socketio/async_server.py b/src/socketio/async_server.py
index 99af067..f07e7c1 100644
--- a/src/socketio/async_server.py
+++ b/src/socketio/async_server.py
@@ -101,23 +101,45 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
                             fatal errors are logged even when
                             ``engineio_logger`` is ``False``.
     """
-    def __init__(self, client_manager=None, logger=False, json=None,
-                 async_handlers=True, namespaces=None, **kwargs):
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        client_manager=None,
+        logger=False,
+        json=None,
+        async_handlers=True,
+        namespaces=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
         if client_manager is None:
             client_manager = async_manager.AsyncManager()
-        super().__init__(client_manager=client_manager, logger=logger,
-                         json=json, async_handlers=async_handlers,
-                         namespaces=namespaces, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(
+            client_manager=client_manager,
+            logger=logger,
+            json=json,
+            async_handlers=async_handlers,
+            namespaces=namespaces,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
 
     def is_asyncio_based(self):
         return True
 
-    def attach(self, app, socketio_path='socket.io'):
+    def attach(self, app, socketio_path="socket.io"):
         """Attach the Socket.IO server to an application."""
         self.eio.attach(app, socketio_path)
 
-    async def emit(self, event, data=None, to=None, room=None, skip_sid=None,
-                   namespace=None, callback=None, ignore_queue=False):
+    async def emit(
+        self,
+        event,
+        data=None,
+        to=None,
+        room=None,
+        skip_sid=None,
+        namespace=None,
+        callback=None,
+        ignore_queue=False,
+    ):
         """Emit a custom event to one or more connected clients.
 
         :param event: The event name. It can be any string. The event names
@@ -161,16 +183,31 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
 
         Note 2: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         room = to or room
-        self.logger.info('emitting event "%s" to %s [%s]', event,
-                         room or 'all', namespace)
-        await self.manager.emit(event, data, namespace, room=room,
-                                skip_sid=skip_sid, callback=callback,
-                                ignore_queue=ignore_queue)
-
-    async def send(self, data, to=None, room=None, skip_sid=None,
-                   namespace=None, callback=None, ignore_queue=False):
+        self.logger.info(
+            'emitting event "%s" to %s [%s]', event, room or "all", namespace
+        )
+        await self.manager.emit(
+            event,
+            data,
+            namespace,
+            room=room,
+            skip_sid=skip_sid,
+            callback=callback,
+            ignore_queue=ignore_queue,
+        )
+
+    async def send(
+        self,
+        data,
+        to=None,
+        room=None,
+        skip_sid=None,
+        namespace=None,
+        callback=None,
+        ignore_queue=False,
+    ):
         """Send a message to one or more connected clients.
 
         This function emits an event with the name ``'message'``. Use
@@ -208,12 +245,27 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        await self.emit('message', data=data, to=to, room=room,
-                        skip_sid=skip_sid, namespace=namespace,
-                        callback=callback, ignore_queue=ignore_queue)
-
-    async def call(self, event, data=None, to=None, sid=None, namespace=None,
-                   timeout=60, ignore_queue=False):
+        await self.emit(
+            "message",
+            data=data,
+            to=to,
+            room=room,
+            skip_sid=skip_sid,
+            namespace=namespace,
+            callback=callback,
+            ignore_queue=ignore_queue,
+        )
+
+    async def call(
+        self,
+        event,
+        data=None,
+        to=None,
+        sid=None,
+        namespace=None,
+        timeout=60,
+        ignore_queue=False,
+    ):
         """Emit a custom event to a client and wait for the response.
 
         This method issues an emit with a callback and waits for the callback
@@ -254,10 +306,9 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
         Note 2: this method is a coroutine.
         """
         if to is None and sid is None:
-            raise ValueError('Cannot use call() to broadcast.')
+            raise ValueError("Cannot use call() to broadcast.")
         if not self.async_handlers:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                'Cannot use call() when async_handlers is False.')
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot use call() when async_handlers is False.")
         callback_event = self.eio.create_event()
         callback_args = []
 
@@ -265,15 +316,25 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
             callback_args.append(args)
             callback_event.set()
 
-        await self.emit(event, data=data, room=to or sid, namespace=namespace,
-                        callback=event_callback, ignore_queue=ignore_queue)
+        await self.emit(
+            event,
+            data=data,
+            room=to or sid,
+            namespace=namespace,
+            callback=event_callback,
+            ignore_queue=ignore_queue,
+        )
         try:
             await asyncio.wait_for(callback_event.wait(), timeout)
         except asyncio.TimeoutError:
             raise exceptions.TimeoutError() from None
-        return callback_args[0] if len(callback_args[0]) > 1 \
-            else callback_args[0][0] if len(callback_args[0]) == 1 \
+        return (
+            callback_args[0]
+            if len(callback_args[0]) > 1
+            else callback_args[0][0]
+            if len(callback_args[0]) == 1
             else None
+        )
 
     async def enter_room(self, sid, room, namespace=None):
         """Enter a room.
@@ -289,8 +350,8 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
-        self.logger.info('%s is entering room %s [%s]', sid, room, namespace)
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
+        self.logger.info("%s is entering room %s [%s]", sid, room, namespace)
         await self.manager.enter_room(sid, namespace, room)
 
     async def leave_room(self, sid, room, namespace=None):
@@ -305,8 +366,8 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
-        self.logger.info('%s is leaving room %s [%s]', sid, room, namespace)
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
+        self.logger.info("%s is leaving room %s [%s]", sid, room, namespace)
         await self.manager.leave_room(sid, namespace, room)
 
     async def close_room(self, room, namespace=None):
@@ -320,8 +381,8 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
-        self.logger.info('room %s is closing [%s]', room, namespace)
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
+        self.logger.info("room %s is closing [%s]", room, namespace)
         await self.manager.close_room(room, namespace)
 
     async def get_session(self, sid, namespace=None):
@@ -335,7 +396,7 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
         dictionary are not guaranteed to be preserved. If you want to modify
         the user session, use the ``session`` context manager instead.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         eio_sid = self.manager.eio_sid_from_sid(sid, namespace)
         eio_session = await self.eio.get_session(eio_sid)
         return eio_session.setdefault(namespace, {})
@@ -348,7 +409,7 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
         :param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace. If this argument is omitted
                           the default namespace is used.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         eio_sid = self.manager.eio_sid_from_sid(sid, namespace)
         eio_session = await self.eio.get_session(eio_sid)
         eio_session[namespace] = session
@@ -375,6 +436,7 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
                 async with eio.session(sid) as session:
                     print('received message from ', session['username'])
         """
+
         class _session_context_manager(object):
             def __init__(self, server, sid, namespace):
                 self.server = server
@@ -384,12 +446,14 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
 
             async def __aenter__(self):
                 self.session = await self.server.get_session(
-                    sid, namespace=self.namespace)
+                    sid, namespace=self.namespace
+                )
                 return self.session
 
             async def __aexit__(self, *args):
-                await self.server.save_session(sid, self.session,
-                                               namespace=self.namespace)
+                await self.server.save_session(
+                    sid, self.session, namespace=self.namespace
+                )
 
         return _session_context_manager(self, sid, namespace)
 
@@ -407,19 +471,19 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
 
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         if ignore_queue:
             delete_it = self.manager.is_connected(sid, namespace)
         else:
             delete_it = await self.manager.can_disconnect(sid, namespace)
         if delete_it:
-            self.logger.info('Disconnecting %s [%s]', sid, namespace)
+            self.logger.info("Disconnecting %s [%s]", sid, namespace)
             eio_sid = self.manager.pre_disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace)
-            await self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
-                packet.DISCONNECT, namespace=namespace))
-            await self._trigger_event('disconnect', namespace, sid)
-            await self.manager.disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace,
-                                          ignore_queue=True)
+            await self._send_packet(
+                eio_sid, self.packet_class(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace=namespace)
+            )
+            await self._trigger_event("disconnect", namespace, sid)
+            await self.manager.disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace, ignore_queue=True)
 
     async def shutdown(self):
         """Stop Socket.IO background tasks.
@@ -427,7 +491,7 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
         This method stops all background activity initiated by the Socket.IO
         server. It must be called before shutting down the web server.
         """
-        self.logger.info('Socket.IO is shutting down')
+        self.logger.info("Socket.IO is shutting down")
         await self.eio.shutdown()
 
     async def handle_request(self, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -467,9 +531,15 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
         """
         return await self.eio.sleep(seconds)
 
-    def instrument(self, auth=None, mode='development', read_only=False,
-                   server_id=None, namespace='/admin',
-                   server_stats_interval=2):
+    def instrument(
+        self,
+        auth=None,
+        mode="development",
+        read_only=False,
+        server_id=None,
+        namespace="/admin",
+        server_stats_interval=2,
+    ):
         """Instrument the Socket.IO server for monitoring with the `Socket.IO
         Admin UI <https://socket.io/docs/v4/admin-ui/>`_.
 
@@ -501,10 +571,16 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
                                       connected admins.
         """
         from .async_admin import InstrumentedAsyncServer
+
         return InstrumentedAsyncServer(
-            self, auth=auth, mode=mode, read_only=read_only,
-            server_id=server_id, namespace=namespace,
-            server_stats_interval=server_stats_interval)
+            self,
+            auth=auth,
+            mode=mode,
+            read_only=read_only,
+            server_id=server_id,
+            namespace=namespace,
+            server_stats_interval=server_stats_interval,
+        )
 
     async def _send_packet(self, eio_sid, pkt):
         """Send a Socket.IO packet to a client."""
@@ -521,32 +597,44 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
 
     async def _handle_connect(self, eio_sid, namespace, data):
         """Handle a client connection request."""
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         sid = None
-        if namespace in self.handlers or namespace in self.namespace_handlers \
-                or self.namespaces == '*' or namespace in self.namespaces:
+        if (
+            namespace in self.handlers
+            or namespace in self.namespace_handlers
+            or self.namespaces == "*"
+            or namespace in self.namespaces
+        ):
             sid = await self.manager.connect(eio_sid, namespace)
         if sid is None:
-            await self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
-                packet.CONNECT_ERROR, data='Unable to connect',
-                namespace=namespace))
+            await self._send_packet(
+                eio_sid,
+                self.packet_class(
+                    packet.CONNECT_ERROR, data="Unable to connect", namespace=namespace
+                ),
+            )
             return
 
         if self.always_connect:
-            await self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
-                packet.CONNECT, {'sid': sid}, namespace=namespace))
+            await self._send_packet(
+                eio_sid,
+                self.packet_class(packet.CONNECT, {"sid": sid}, namespace=namespace),
+            )
         fail_reason = exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError().error_args
         try:
             if data:
                 success = await self._trigger_event(
-                    'connect', namespace, sid, self.environ[eio_sid], data)
+                    "connect", namespace, sid, self.environ[eio_sid], data
+                )
             else:
                 try:
                     success = await self._trigger_event(
-                        'connect', namespace, sid, self.environ[eio_sid])
+                        "connect", namespace, sid, self.environ[eio_sid]
+                    )
                 except TypeError:
                     success = await self._trigger_event(
-                        'connect', namespace, sid, self.environ[eio_sid], None)
+                        "connect", namespace, sid, self.environ[eio_sid], None
+                    )
         except exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError as exc:
             fail_reason = exc.error_args
             success = False
@@ -554,46 +642,52 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
         if success is False:
             if self.always_connect:
                 self.manager.pre_disconnect(sid, namespace)
-                await self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
-                    packet.DISCONNECT, data=fail_reason, namespace=namespace))
+                await self._send_packet(
+                    eio_sid,
+                    self.packet_class(
+                        packet.DISCONNECT, data=fail_reason, namespace=namespace
+                    ),
+                )
             else:
-                await self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
-                    packet.CONNECT_ERROR, data=fail_reason,
-                    namespace=namespace))
+                await self._send_packet(
+                    eio_sid,
+                    self.packet_class(
+                        packet.CONNECT_ERROR, data=fail_reason, namespace=namespace
+                    ),
+                )
             await self.manager.disconnect(sid, namespace, ignore_queue=True)
         elif not self.always_connect:
-            await self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
-                packet.CONNECT, {'sid': sid}, namespace=namespace))
+            await self._send_packet(
+                eio_sid,
+                self.packet_class(packet.CONNECT, {"sid": sid}, namespace=namespace),
+            )
 
     async def _handle_disconnect(self, eio_sid, namespace):
         """Handle a client disconnect."""
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         sid = self.manager.sid_from_eio_sid(eio_sid, namespace)
         if not self.manager.is_connected(sid, namespace):  # pragma: no cover
             return
         self.manager.pre_disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace)
-        await self._trigger_event('disconnect', namespace, sid)
+        await self._trigger_event("disconnect", namespace, sid)
         await self.manager.disconnect(sid, namespace, ignore_queue=True)
 
     async def _handle_event(self, eio_sid, namespace, id, data):
         """Handle an incoming client event."""
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         sid = self.manager.sid_from_eio_sid(eio_sid, namespace)
-        self.logger.info('received event "%s" from %s [%s]', data[0], sid,
-                         namespace)
+        self.logger.info('received event "%s" from %s [%s]', data[0], sid, namespace)
         if not self.manager.is_connected(sid, namespace):
-            self.logger.warning('%s is not connected to namespace %s',
-                                sid, namespace)
+            self.logger.warning("%s is not connected to namespace %s", sid, namespace)
             return
         if self.async_handlers:
-            self.start_background_task(self._handle_event_internal, self, sid,
-                                       eio_sid, data, namespace, id)
+            self.start_background_task(
+                self._handle_event_internal, self, sid, eio_sid, data, namespace, id
+            )
         else:
-            await self._handle_event_internal(self, sid, eio_sid, data,
-                                              namespace, id)
+            await self._handle_event_internal(self, sid, eio_sid, data, namespace, id)
 
-    async def _handle_event_internal(self, server, sid, eio_sid, data,
-                                     namespace, id):
+    async def _handle_event_internal(self, server, sid, eio_sid, data, namespace, id):
         r = await server._trigger_event(data[0], namespace, sid, *data[1:])
         if r != self.not_handled and id is not None:
             # send ACK packet with the response returned by the handler
@@ -604,14 +698,16 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
                 data = list(r)
             else:
                 data = [r]
-            await server._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
-                packet.ACK, namespace=namespace, id=id, data=data))
+            await server._send_packet(
+                eio_sid,
+                self.packet_class(packet.ACK, namespace=namespace, id=id, data=data),
+            )
 
     async def _handle_ack(self, eio_sid, namespace, id, data):
         """Handle ACK packets from the client."""
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         sid = self.manager.sid_from_eio_sid(eio_sid, namespace)
-        self.logger.info('received ack from %s [%s]', sid, namespace)
+        self.logger.info("received ack from %s [%s]", sid, namespace)
         await self.manager.trigger_callback(sid, id, data)
 
     async def _trigger_event(self, event, namespace, *args):
@@ -621,9 +717,8 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
             handler = None
             if event in self.handlers[namespace]:
                 handler = self.handlers[namespace][event]
-            elif event not in self.reserved_events and \
-                    '*' in self.handlers[namespace]:
-                handler = self.handlers[namespace]['*']
+            elif event not in self.reserved_events and "*" in self.handlers[namespace]:
+                handler = self.handlers[namespace]["*"]
                 args = (event, *args)
             if handler:
                 if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(handler):
@@ -639,8 +734,7 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
 
         # or else, forward the event to a namepsace handler if one exists
         elif namespace in self.namespace_handlers:  # pragma: no branch
-            return await self.namespace_handlers[namespace].trigger_event(
-                event, *args)
+            return await self.namespace_handlers[namespace].trigger_event(event, *args)
 
     async def _handle_eio_connect(self, eio_sid, environ):
         """Handle the Engine.IO connection event."""
@@ -656,11 +750,9 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
             if pkt.add_attachment(data):
                 del self._binary_packet[eio_sid]
                 if pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT:
-                    await self._handle_event(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id,
-                                             pkt.data)
+                    await self._handle_event(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id, pkt.data)
                 else:
-                    await self._handle_ack(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id,
-                                           pkt.data)
+                    await self._handle_ack(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id, pkt.data)
         else:
             pkt = self.packet_class(encoded_packet=data)
             if pkt.packet_type == packet.CONNECT:
@@ -668,18 +760,18 @@ class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
             elif pkt.packet_type == packet.DISCONNECT:
                 await self._handle_disconnect(eio_sid, pkt.namespace)
             elif pkt.packet_type == packet.EVENT:
-                await self._handle_event(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id,
-                                         pkt.data)
+                await self._handle_event(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id, pkt.data)
             elif pkt.packet_type == packet.ACK:
-                await self._handle_ack(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id,
-                                       pkt.data)
-            elif pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT or \
-                    pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_ACK:
+                await self._handle_ack(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id, pkt.data)
+            elif (
+                pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT
+                or pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_ACK
+            ):
                 self._binary_packet[eio_sid] = pkt
             elif pkt.packet_type == packet.CONNECT_ERROR:
-                raise ValueError('Unexpected CONNECT_ERROR packet.')
+                raise ValueError("Unexpected CONNECT_ERROR packet.")
             else:
-                raise ValueError('Unknown packet type.')
+                raise ValueError("Unknown packet type.")
 
     async def _handle_eio_disconnect(self, eio_sid):
         """Handle Engine.IO disconnect event."""
diff --git a/src/socketio/async_simple_client.py b/src/socketio/async_simple_client.py
index db90784..55740e4 100644
--- a/src/socketio/async_simple_client.py
+++ b/src/socketio/async_simple_client.py
@@ -12,19 +12,27 @@ class AsyncSimpleClient:
     Th positional and keyword arguments given in the constructor are passed
     to the underlying :func:`socketio.AsyncClient` object.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self.client_args = args
         self.client_kwargs = kwargs
         self.client = None
-        self.namespace = '/'
+        self.namespace = "/"
         self.connected_event = asyncio.Event()
         self.connected = False
         self.input_event = asyncio.Event()
         self.input_buffer = []
 
-    async def connect(self, url, headers={}, auth=None, transports=None,
-                      namespace='/', socketio_path='socket.io',
-                      wait_timeout=5):
+    async def connect(
+        self,
+        url,
+        headers={},
+        auth=None,
+        transports=None,
+        namespace="/",
+        socketio_path="socket.io",
+        wait_timeout=5,
+    ):
         """Connect to a Socket.IO server.
 
         :param url: The URL of the Socket.IO server. It can include custom
@@ -56,7 +64,7 @@ class AsyncSimpleClient:
         Note: this method is a coroutine.
         """
         if self.connected:
-            raise RuntimeError('Already connected')
+            raise RuntimeError("Already connected")
         self.namespace = namespace
         self.input_buffer = []
         self.input_event.clear()
@@ -76,15 +84,20 @@ class AsyncSimpleClient:
             self.connected = False
             self.connected_event.set()
 
-        @self.client.on('*', namespace=self.namespace)
+        @self.client.on("*", namespace=self.namespace)
         def on_event(event, *args):  # pragma: no cover
             self.input_buffer.append([event, *args])
             self.input_event.set()
 
         await self.client.connect(
-            url, headers=headers, auth=auth, transports=transports,
-            namespaces=[namespace], socketio_path=socketio_path,
-            wait_timeout=wait_timeout)
+            url,
+            headers=headers,
+            auth=auth,
+            transports=transports,
+            namespaces=[namespace],
+            socketio_path=socketio_path,
+            wait_timeout=wait_timeout,
+        )
 
     @property
     def sid(self):
@@ -102,7 +115,7 @@ class AsyncSimpleClient:
         The transport is returned as a string and can be one of ``polling``
         and ``websocket``.
         """
-        return self.client.transport if self.client else ''
+        return self.client.transport if self.client else ""
 
     async def emit(self, event, data=None):
         """Emit an event to the server.
@@ -127,8 +140,7 @@ class AsyncSimpleClient:
             if not self.connected:
                 raise DisconnectedError()
             try:
-                return await self.client.emit(event, data,
-                                              namespace=self.namespace)
+                return await self.client.emit(event, data, namespace=self.namespace)
             except SocketIOError:
                 pass
 
@@ -157,9 +169,9 @@ class AsyncSimpleClient:
             if not self.connected:
                 raise DisconnectedError()
             try:
-                return await self.client.call(event, data,
-                                              namespace=self.namespace,
-                                              timeout=timeout)
+                return await self.client.call(
+                    event, data, namespace=self.namespace, timeout=timeout
+                )
             except SocketIOError:
                 pass
 
@@ -178,15 +190,13 @@ class AsyncSimpleClient:
         """
         while not self.input_buffer:
             try:
-                await asyncio.wait_for(self.connected_event.wait(),
-                                       timeout=timeout)
+                await asyncio.wait_for(self.connected_event.wait(), timeout=timeout)
             except asyncio.TimeoutError:  # pragma: no cover
                 raise TimeoutError()
             if not self.connected:
                 raise DisconnectedError()
             try:
-                await asyncio.wait_for(self.input_event.wait(),
-                                       timeout=timeout)
+                await asyncio.wait_for(self.input_event.wait(), timeout=timeout)
             except asyncio.TimeoutError:
                 raise TimeoutError()
             self.input_event.clear()
diff --git a/src/socketio/base_client.py b/src/socketio/base_client.py
index 95fea1e..0b5a3a9 100644
--- a/src/socketio/base_client.py
+++ b/src/socketio/base_client.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import threading
 from . import base_namespace
 from . import packet
 
-default_logger = logging.getLogger('socketio.client')
+default_logger = logging.getLogger("socketio.client")
 reconnecting_clients = []
 
 
@@ -29,18 +29,28 @@ original_signal_handler = None
 
 
 class BaseClient:
-    reserved_events = ['connect', 'connect_error', 'disconnect',
-                       '__disconnect_final']
-
-    def __init__(self, reconnection=True, reconnection_attempts=0,
-                 reconnection_delay=1, reconnection_delay_max=5,
-                 randomization_factor=0.5, logger=False, serializer='default',
-                 json=None, handle_sigint=True, **kwargs):
+    reserved_events = ["connect", "connect_error", "disconnect", "__disconnect_final"]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        reconnection=True,
+        reconnection_attempts=0,
+        reconnection_delay=1,
+        reconnection_delay_max=5,
+        randomization_factor=0.5,
+        logger=False,
+        serializer="default",
+        json=None,
+        handle_sigint=True,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
         global original_signal_handler
-        if handle_sigint and original_signal_handler is None and \
-                threading.current_thread() == threading.main_thread():
-            original_signal_handler = signal.signal(signal.SIGINT,
-                                                    signal_handler)
+        if (
+            handle_sigint
+            and original_signal_handler is None
+            and threading.current_thread() == threading.main_thread()
+        ):
+            original_signal_handler = signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
         self.reconnection = reconnection
         self.reconnection_attempts = reconnection_attempts
         self.reconnection_delay = reconnection_delay
@@ -49,25 +59,26 @@ class BaseClient:
         self.handle_sigint = handle_sigint
 
         engineio_options = kwargs
-        engineio_options['handle_sigint'] = handle_sigint
-        engineio_logger = engineio_options.pop('engineio_logger', None)
+        engineio_options["handle_sigint"] = handle_sigint
+        engineio_logger = engineio_options.pop("engineio_logger", None)
         if engineio_logger is not None:
-            engineio_options['logger'] = engineio_logger
-        if serializer == 'default':
+            engineio_options["logger"] = engineio_logger
+        if serializer == "default":
             self.packet_class = packet.Packet
-        elif serializer == 'msgpack':
+        elif serializer == "msgpack":
             from . import msgpack_packet
+
             self.packet_class = msgpack_packet.MsgPackPacket
         else:
             self.packet_class = serializer
         if json is not None:
             self.packet_class.json = json
-            engineio_options['json'] = json
+            engineio_options["json"] = json
 
         self.eio = self._engineio_client_class()(**engineio_options)
-        self.eio.on('connect', self._handle_eio_connect)
-        self.eio.on('message', self._handle_eio_message)
-        self.eio.on('disconnect', self._handle_eio_disconnect)
+        self.eio.on("connect", self._handle_eio_connect)
+        self.eio.on("message", self._handle_eio_message)
+        self.eio.on("disconnect", self._handle_eio_disconnect)
 
         if not isinstance(logger, bool):
             self.logger = logger
@@ -134,7 +145,7 @@ class BaseClient:
         function if it exists. The ``'disconnect'`` handler does not take
         arguments.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
 
         def set_handler(handler):
             if namespace not in self.handlers:
@@ -188,14 +199,12 @@ class BaseClient:
                                   subclass that handles all the event traffic
                                   for a namespace.
         """
-        if not isinstance(namespace_handler,
-                          base_namespace.BaseClientNamespace):
-            raise ValueError('Not a namespace instance')
+        if not isinstance(namespace_handler, base_namespace.BaseClientNamespace):
+            raise ValueError("Not a namespace instance")
         if self.is_asyncio_based() != namespace_handler.is_asyncio_based():
-            raise ValueError('Not a valid namespace class for this client')
+            raise ValueError("Not a valid namespace class for this client")
         namespace_handler._set_client(self)
-        self.namespace_handlers[namespace_handler.namespace] = \
-            namespace_handler
+        self.namespace_handlers[namespace_handler.namespace] = namespace_handler
 
     def get_sid(self, namespace=None):
         """Return the ``sid`` associated with a connection.
@@ -209,7 +218,7 @@ class BaseClient:
         This method returns the ``sid`` for the requested namespace as a
         string.
         """
-        return self.namespaces.get(namespace or '/')
+        return self.namespaces.get(namespace or "/")
 
     def transport(self):
         """Return the name of the transport used by the client.
@@ -221,7 +230,7 @@ class BaseClient:
 
     def _generate_ack_id(self, namespace, callback):
         """Generate a unique identifier for an ACK packet."""
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         if namespace not in self.callbacks:
             self.callbacks[namespace] = {0: itertools.count(1)}
         id = next(self.callbacks[namespace][0])
diff --git a/src/socketio/base_manager.py b/src/socketio/base_manager.py
index ca4b0b9..6ec688f 100644
--- a/src/socketio/base_manager.py
+++ b/src/socketio/base_manager.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import logging
 
 from bidict import bidict, ValueDuplicationError
 
-default_logger = logging.getLogger('socketio')
+default_logger = logging.getLogger("socketio")
 
 
 class BaseManager:
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class BaseManager:
     def get_participants(self, namespace, room):
         """Return an iterable with the active participants in a room."""
         ns = self.rooms.get(namespace, {})
-        if hasattr(room, '__len__') and not isinstance(room, str):
+        if hasattr(room, "__len__") and not isinstance(room, str):
             participants = ns[room[0]]._fwdm.copy() if room[0] in ns else {}
             for r in room[1:]:
                 participants.update(ns[r]._fwdm if r in ns else {})
@@ -52,8 +52,10 @@ class BaseManager:
         return sid
 
     def is_connected(self, sid, namespace):
-        if namespace in self.pending_disconnect and \
-                sid in self.pending_disconnect[namespace]:
+        if (
+            namespace in self.pending_disconnect
+            and sid in self.pending_disconnect[namespace]
+        ):
             # the client is in the process of being disconnected
             return False
         try:
@@ -95,15 +97,17 @@ class BaseManager:
             self.basic_leave_room(sid, namespace, room)
         if sid in self.callbacks:
             del self.callbacks[sid]
-        if namespace in self.pending_disconnect and \
-                sid in self.pending_disconnect[namespace]:
+        if (
+            namespace in self.pending_disconnect
+            and sid in self.pending_disconnect[namespace]
+        ):
             self.pending_disconnect[namespace].remove(sid)
             if len(self.pending_disconnect[namespace]) == 0:
                 del self.pending_disconnect[namespace]
 
     def basic_enter_room(self, sid, namespace, room, eio_sid=None):
         if eio_sid is None and namespace not in self.rooms:
-            raise ValueError('sid is not connected to requested namespace')
+            raise ValueError("sid is not connected to requested namespace")
         if namespace not in self.rooms:
             self.rooms[namespace] = {}
         if room not in self.rooms[namespace]:
diff --git a/src/socketio/base_namespace.py b/src/socketio/base_namespace.py
index 354f75a..abfbdd5 100644
--- a/src/socketio/base_namespace.py
+++ b/src/socketio/base_namespace.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 class BaseNamespace(object):
     def __init__(self, namespace=None):
-        self.namespace = namespace or '/'
+        self.namespace = namespace or "/"
 
     def is_asyncio_based(self):
         return False
diff --git a/src/socketio/base_server.py b/src/socketio/base_server.py
index f8c9000..39bc9c7 100644
--- a/src/socketio/base_server.py
+++ b/src/socketio/base_server.py
@@ -4,34 +4,43 @@ from . import manager
 from . import base_namespace
 from . import packet
 
-default_logger = logging.getLogger('socketio.server')
+default_logger = logging.getLogger("socketio.server")
 
 
 class BaseServer:
-    reserved_events = ['connect', 'disconnect']
-
-    def __init__(self, client_manager=None, logger=False, serializer='default',
-                 json=None, async_handlers=True, always_connect=False,
-                 namespaces=None, **kwargs):
+    reserved_events = ["connect", "disconnect"]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        client_manager=None,
+        logger=False,
+        serializer="default",
+        json=None,
+        async_handlers=True,
+        always_connect=False,
+        namespaces=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
         engineio_options = kwargs
-        engineio_logger = engineio_options.pop('engineio_logger', None)
+        engineio_logger = engineio_options.pop("engineio_logger", None)
         if engineio_logger is not None:
-            engineio_options['logger'] = engineio_logger
-        if serializer == 'default':
+            engineio_options["logger"] = engineio_logger
+        if serializer == "default":
             self.packet_class = packet.Packet
-        elif serializer == 'msgpack':
+        elif serializer == "msgpack":
             from . import msgpack_packet
+
             self.packet_class = msgpack_packet.MsgPackPacket
         else:
             self.packet_class = serializer
         if json is not None:
             self.packet_class.json = json
-            engineio_options['json'] = json
-        engineio_options['async_handlers'] = False
+            engineio_options["json"] = json
+        engineio_options["async_handlers"] = False
         self.eio = self._engineio_server_class()(**engineio_options)
-        self.eio.on('connect', self._handle_eio_connect)
-        self.eio.on('message', self._handle_eio_message)
-        self.eio.on('disconnect', self._handle_eio_disconnect)
+        self.eio.on("connect", self._handle_eio_connect)
+        self.eio.on("message", self._handle_eio_message)
+        self.eio.on("disconnect", self._handle_eio_disconnect)
 
         self.environ = {}
         self.handlers = {}
@@ -59,7 +68,7 @@ class BaseServer:
 
         self.async_handlers = async_handlers
         self.always_connect = always_connect
-        self.namespaces = namespaces or ['/']
+        self.namespaces = namespaces or ["/"]
 
         self.async_mode = self.eio.async_mode
 
@@ -103,7 +112,7 @@ class BaseServer:
         client's acknowledgement callback function if it exists. The
         ``'disconnect'`` handler does not take a second argument.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
 
         def set_handler(handler):
             if namespace not in self.handlers:
@@ -157,14 +166,12 @@ class BaseServer:
                                   subclass that handles all the event traffic
                                   for a namespace.
         """
-        if not isinstance(namespace_handler,
-                          base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
-            raise ValueError('Not a namespace instance')
+        if not isinstance(namespace_handler, base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
+            raise ValueError("Not a namespace instance")
         if self.is_asyncio_based() != namespace_handler.is_asyncio_based():
-            raise ValueError('Not a valid namespace class for this server')
+            raise ValueError("Not a valid namespace class for this server")
         namespace_handler._set_server(self)
-        self.namespace_handlers[namespace_handler.namespace] = \
-            namespace_handler
+        self.namespace_handlers[namespace_handler.namespace] = namespace_handler
 
     def rooms(self, sid, namespace=None):
         """Return the rooms a client is in.
@@ -173,7 +180,7 @@ class BaseServer:
         :param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace for the event. If this
                           argument is omitted the default namespace is used.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         return self.manager.get_rooms(sid, namespace)
 
     def transport(self, sid):
@@ -193,7 +200,7 @@ class BaseServer:
         :param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace. If this argument is omitted
                           the default namespace is used.
         """
-        eio_sid = self.manager.eio_sid_from_sid(sid, namespace or '/')
+        eio_sid = self.manager.eio_sid_from_sid(sid, namespace or "/")
         return self.environ.get(eio_sid)
 
     def _handle_eio_connect(self):  # pragma: no cover
@@ -206,4 +213,4 @@ class BaseServer:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     def _engineio_server_class(self):  # pragma: no cover
-        raise NotImplementedError('Must be implemented in subclasses')
+        raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented in subclasses")
diff --git a/src/socketio/client.py b/src/socketio/client.py
index 9f730a7..5ccf5e0 100644
--- a/src/socketio/client.py
+++ b/src/socketio/client.py
@@ -67,9 +67,18 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
                             fatal errors are logged even when
                             ``engineio_logger`` is ``False``.
     """
-    def connect(self, url, headers={}, auth=None, transports=None,
-                namespaces=None, socketio_path='socket.io', wait=True,
-                wait_timeout=1):
+
+    def connect(
+        self,
+        url,
+        headers={},
+        auth=None,
+        transports=None,
+        namespaces=None,
+        socketio_path="socket.io",
+        wait=True,
+        wait_timeout=1,
+    ):
         """Connect to a Socket.IO server.
 
         :param url: The URL of the Socket.IO server. It can include custom
@@ -112,7 +121,7 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
             sio.connect('http://localhost:5000')
         """
         if self.connected:
-            raise exceptions.ConnectionError('Already connected')
+            raise exceptions.ConnectionError("Already connected")
 
         self.connection_url = url
         self.connection_headers = headers
@@ -122,10 +131,11 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
         self.socketio_path = socketio_path
 
         if namespaces is None:
-            namespaces = list(set(self.handlers.keys()).union(
-                set(self.namespace_handlers.keys())))
+            namespaces = list(
+                set(self.handlers.keys()).union(set(self.namespace_handlers.keys()))
+            )
             if len(namespaces) == 0:
-                namespaces = ['/']
+                namespaces = ["/"]
         elif isinstance(namespaces, str):
             namespaces = [namespaces]
         self.connection_namespaces = namespaces
@@ -137,14 +147,19 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
         real_url = self._get_real_value(self.connection_url)
         real_headers = self._get_real_value(self.connection_headers)
         try:
-            self.eio.connect(real_url, headers=real_headers,
-                             transports=transports,
-                             engineio_path=socketio_path)
+            self.eio.connect(
+                real_url,
+                headers=real_headers,
+                transports=transports,
+                engineio_path=socketio_path,
+            )
         except engineio.exceptions.ConnectionError as exc:
             for n in self.connection_namespaces:
                 self._trigger_event(
-                    'connect_error', n,
-                    exc.args[1] if len(exc.args) > 1 else exc.args[0])
+                    "connect_error",
+                    n,
+                    exc.args[1] if len(exc.args) > 1 else exc.args[0],
+                )
             raise exceptions.ConnectionError(exc.args[0]) from None
 
         if wait:
@@ -155,7 +170,8 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
             if set(self.namespaces) != set(self.connection_namespaces):
                 self.disconnect()
                 raise exceptions.ConnectionError(
-                    'One or more namespaces failed to connect')
+                    "One or more namespaces failed to connect"
+                )
 
         self.connected = True
 
@@ -171,7 +187,7 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
             if not self._reconnect_task:
                 break
             self._reconnect_task.join()
-            if self.eio.state != 'connected':
+            if self.eio.state != "connected":
                 break
 
     def emit(self, event, data=None, namespace=None, callback=None):
@@ -198,10 +214,11 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
         standard concurrency solutions (such as a Lock object) to prevent this
         situation.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         if namespace not in self.namespaces:
             raise exceptions.BadNamespaceError(
-                namespace + ' is not a connected namespace.')
+                namespace + " is not a connected namespace."
+            )
         self.logger.info('Emitting event "%s" [%s]', event, namespace)
         if callback is not None:
             id = self._generate_ack_id(namespace, callback)
@@ -215,8 +232,11 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
             data = [data]
         else:
             data = []
-        self._send_packet(self.packet_class(packet.EVENT, namespace=namespace,
-                                            data=[event] + data, id=id))
+        self._send_packet(
+            self.packet_class(
+                packet.EVENT, namespace=namespace, data=[event] + data, id=id
+            )
+        )
 
     def send(self, data, namespace=None, callback=None):
         """Send a message to the server.
@@ -236,8 +256,7 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
                          that will be passed to the function are those provided
                          by the server.
         """
-        self.emit('message', data=data, namespace=namespace,
-                  callback=callback)
+        self.emit("message", data=data, namespace=namespace, callback=callback)
 
     def call(self, event, data=None, namespace=None, timeout=60):
         """Emit a custom event to the server and wait for the response.
@@ -275,21 +294,23 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
             callback_args.append(args)
             callback_event.set()
 
-        self.emit(event, data=data, namespace=namespace,
-                  callback=event_callback)
+        self.emit(event, data=data, namespace=namespace, callback=event_callback)
         if not callback_event.wait(timeout=timeout):
             raise exceptions.TimeoutError()
-        return callback_args[0] if len(callback_args[0]) > 1 \
-            else callback_args[0][0] if len(callback_args[0]) == 1 \
+        return (
+            callback_args[0]
+            if len(callback_args[0]) > 1
+            else callback_args[0][0]
+            if len(callback_args[0]) == 1
             else None
+        )
 
     def disconnect(self):
         """Disconnect from the server."""
         # here we just request the disconnection
         # later in _handle_eio_disconnect we invoke the disconnect handler
         for n in self.namespaces:
-            self._send_packet(self.packet_class(
-                packet.DISCONNECT, namespace=n))
+            self._send_packet(self.packet_class(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace=n))
         self.eio.disconnect(abort=True)
 
     def start_background_task(self, target, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -336,19 +357,19 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
             self.eio.send(encoded_packet)
 
     def _handle_connect(self, namespace, data):
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         if namespace not in self.namespaces:
-            self.logger.info('Namespace {} is connected'.format(namespace))
-            self.namespaces[namespace] = (data or {}).get('sid', self.sid)
-            self._trigger_event('connect', namespace=namespace)
+            self.logger.info("Namespace {} is connected".format(namespace))
+            self.namespaces[namespace] = (data or {}).get("sid", self.sid)
+            self._trigger_event("connect", namespace=namespace)
             self._connect_event.set()
 
     def _handle_disconnect(self, namespace):
         if not self.connected:
             return
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
-        self._trigger_event('disconnect', namespace=namespace)
-        self._trigger_event('__disconnect_final', namespace=namespace)
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
+        self._trigger_event("disconnect", namespace=namespace)
+        self._trigger_event("__disconnect_final", namespace=namespace)
         if namespace in self.namespaces:
             del self.namespaces[namespace]
         if not self.namespaces:
@@ -356,7 +377,7 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
             self.eio.disconnect(abort=True)
 
     def _handle_event(self, namespace, id, data):
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         self.logger.info('Received event "%s" [%s]', data[0], namespace)
         r = self._trigger_event(data[0], namespace, *data[1:])
         if id is not None:
@@ -368,36 +389,36 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
                 data = list(r)
             else:
                 data = [r]
-            self._send_packet(self.packet_class(
-                packet.ACK, namespace=namespace, id=id, data=data))
+            self._send_packet(
+                self.packet_class(packet.ACK, namespace=namespace, id=id, data=data)
+            )
 
     def _handle_ack(self, namespace, id, data):
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
-        self.logger.info('Received ack [%s]', namespace)
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
+        self.logger.info("Received ack [%s]", namespace)
         callback = None
         try:
             callback = self.callbacks[namespace][id]
         except KeyError:
             # if we get an unknown callback we just ignore it
-            self.logger.warning('Unknown callback received, ignoring.')
+            self.logger.warning("Unknown callback received, ignoring.")
         else:
             del self.callbacks[namespace][id]
         if callback is not None:
             callback(*data)
 
     def _handle_error(self, namespace, data):
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
-        self.logger.info('Connection to namespace {} was rejected'.format(
-            namespace))
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
+        self.logger.info("Connection to namespace {} was rejected".format(namespace))
         if data is None:
             data = tuple()
         elif not isinstance(data, (tuple, list)):
             data = (data,)
-        self._trigger_event('connect_error', namespace, *data)
+        self._trigger_event("connect_error", namespace, *data)
         self._connect_event.set()
         if namespace in self.namespaces:
             del self.namespaces[namespace]
-        if namespace == '/':
+        if namespace == "/":
             self.namespaces = {}
             self.connected = False
 
@@ -407,14 +428,12 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
         if namespace in self.handlers:
             if event in self.handlers[namespace]:
                 return self.handlers[namespace][event](*args)
-            elif event not in self.reserved_events and \
-                    '*' in self.handlers[namespace]:
-                return self.handlers[namespace]['*'](event, *args)
+            elif event not in self.reserved_events and "*" in self.handlers[namespace]:
+                return self.handlers[namespace]["*"](event, *args)
 
         # or else, forward the event to a namespace handler if one exists
         elif namespace in self.namespace_handlers:
-            return self.namespace_handlers[namespace].trigger_event(
-                event, *args)
+            return self.namespace_handlers[namespace].trigger_event(event, *args)
 
     def _handle_reconnect(self):
         if self._reconnect_abort is None:  # pragma: no cover
@@ -430,44 +449,48 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
                 delay = self.reconnection_delay_max
             delay += self.randomization_factor * (2 * random.random() - 1)
             self.logger.info(
-                'Connection failed, new attempt in {:.02f} seconds'.format(
-                    delay))
+                "Connection failed, new attempt in {:.02f} seconds".format(delay)
+            )
             if self._reconnect_abort.wait(delay):
-                self.logger.info('Reconnect task aborted')
+                self.logger.info("Reconnect task aborted")
                 for n in self.connection_namespaces:
-                    self._trigger_event('__disconnect_final', namespace=n)
+                    self._trigger_event("__disconnect_final", namespace=n)
                 break
             attempt_count += 1
             try:
-                self.connect(self.connection_url,
-                             headers=self.connection_headers,
-                             auth=self.connection_auth,
-                             transports=self.connection_transports,
-                             namespaces=self.connection_namespaces,
-                             socketio_path=self.socketio_path)
+                self.connect(
+                    self.connection_url,
+                    headers=self.connection_headers,
+                    auth=self.connection_auth,
+                    transports=self.connection_transports,
+                    namespaces=self.connection_namespaces,
+                    socketio_path=self.socketio_path,
+                )
             except (exceptions.ConnectionError, ValueError):
                 pass
             else:
-                self.logger.info('Reconnection successful')
+                self.logger.info("Reconnection successful")
                 self._reconnect_task = None
                 break
-            if self.reconnection_attempts and \
-                    attempt_count >= self.reconnection_attempts:
-                self.logger.info(
-                    'Maximum reconnection attempts reached, giving up')
+            if (
+                self.reconnection_attempts
+                and attempt_count >= self.reconnection_attempts
+            ):
+                self.logger.info("Maximum reconnection attempts reached, giving up")
                 for n in self.connection_namespaces:
-                    self._trigger_event('__disconnect_final', namespace=n)
+                    self._trigger_event("__disconnect_final", namespace=n)
                 break
         base_client.reconnecting_clients.remove(self)
 
     def _handle_eio_connect(self):
         """Handle the Engine.IO connection event."""
-        self.logger.info('Engine.IO connection established')
+        self.logger.info("Engine.IO connection established")
         self.sid = self.eio.sid
         real_auth = self._get_real_value(self.connection_auth) or {}
         for n in self.connection_namespaces:
-            self._send_packet(self.packet_class(
-                packet.CONNECT, data=real_auth, namespace=n))
+            self._send_packet(
+                self.packet_class(packet.CONNECT, data=real_auth, namespace=n)
+            )
 
     def _handle_eio_message(self, data):
         """Dispatch Engine.IO messages."""
@@ -489,31 +512,32 @@ class Client(base_client.BaseClient):
                 self._handle_event(pkt.namespace, pkt.id, pkt.data)
             elif pkt.packet_type == packet.ACK:
                 self._handle_ack(pkt.namespace, pkt.id, pkt.data)
-            elif pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT or \
-                    pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_ACK:
+            elif (
+                pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT
+                or pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_ACK
+            ):
                 self._binary_packet = pkt
             elif pkt.packet_type == packet.CONNECT_ERROR:
                 self._handle_error(pkt.namespace, pkt.data)
             else:
-                raise ValueError('Unknown packet type.')
+                raise ValueError("Unknown packet type.")
 
     def _handle_eio_disconnect(self):
         """Handle the Engine.IO disconnection event."""
-        self.logger.info('Engine.IO connection dropped')
-        will_reconnect = self.reconnection and self.eio.state == 'connected'
+        self.logger.info("Engine.IO connection dropped")
+        will_reconnect = self.reconnection and self.eio.state == "connected"
         if self.connected:
             for n in self.namespaces:
-                self._trigger_event('disconnect', namespace=n)
+                self._trigger_event("disconnect", namespace=n)
                 if not will_reconnect:
-                    self._trigger_event('__disconnect_final', namespace=n)
+                    self._trigger_event("__disconnect_final", namespace=n)
             self.namespaces = {}
             self.connected = False
         self.callbacks = {}
         self._binary_packet = None
         self.sid = None
         if will_reconnect:
-            self._reconnect_task = self.start_background_task(
-                self._handle_reconnect)
+            self._reconnect_task = self.start_background_task(self._handle_reconnect)
 
     def _engineio_client_class(self):
         return engineio.Client
diff --git a/src/socketio/exceptions.py b/src/socketio/exceptions.py
index 19d6e39..475e74a 100644
--- a/src/socketio/exceptions.py
+++ b/src/socketio/exceptions.py
@@ -13,17 +13,18 @@ class ConnectionRefusedError(ConnectionError):
     is not accepted. The positional arguments provided with the exception are
     returned with the error packet to the client.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, *args):
         if len(args) == 0:
-            self.error_args = {'message': 'Connection rejected by server'}
+            self.error_args = {"message": "Connection rejected by server"}
         elif len(args) == 1:
-            self.error_args = {'message': str(args[0])}
+            self.error_args = {"message": str(args[0])}
         else:
-            self.error_args = {'message': str(args[0])}
+            self.error_args = {"message": str(args[0])}
             if len(args) == 2:
-                self.error_args['data'] = args[1]
+                self.error_args["data"] = args[1]
             else:
-                self.error_args['data'] = args[1:]
+                self.error_args["data"] = args[1:]
 
 
 class TimeoutError(SocketIOError):
diff --git a/src/socketio/kafka_manager.py b/src/socketio/kafka_manager.py
index 4d87d46..2becc65 100644
--- a/src/socketio/kafka_manager.py
+++ b/src/socketio/kafka_manager.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ except ImportError:
 
 from .pubsub_manager import PubSubManager
 
-logger = logging.getLogger('socketio')
+logger = logging.getLogger("socketio")
 
 
 class KafkaManager(PubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
@@ -34,23 +34,29 @@ class KafkaManager(PubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
                        default of ``False`` initializes the class for emitting
                        and receiving.
     """
-    name = 'kafka'
 
-    def __init__(self, url='kafka://localhost:9092', channel='socketio',
-                 write_only=False):
+    name = "kafka"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, url="kafka://localhost:9092", channel="socketio", write_only=False
+    ):
         if kafka is None:
-            raise RuntimeError('kafka-python package is not installed '
-                               '(Run "pip install kafka-python" in your '
-                               'virtualenv).')
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "kafka-python package is not installed "
+                '(Run "pip install kafka-python" in your '
+                "virtualenv)."
+            )
 
         super().__init__(channel=channel, write_only=write_only)
 
         urls = [url] if isinstance(url, str) else url
-        self.kafka_urls = [url[8:] if url != 'kafka://' else 'localhost:9092'
-                           for url in urls]
+        self.kafka_urls = [
+            url[8:] if url != "kafka://" else "localhost:9092" for url in urls
+        ]
         self.producer = kafka.KafkaProducer(bootstrap_servers=self.kafka_urls)
-        self.consumer = kafka.KafkaConsumer(self.channel,
-                                            bootstrap_servers=self.kafka_urls)
+        self.consumer = kafka.KafkaConsumer(
+            self.channel, bootstrap_servers=self.kafka_urls
+        )
 
     def _publish(self, data):
         self.producer.send(self.channel, value=pickle.dumps(data))
diff --git a/src/socketio/kombu_manager.py b/src/socketio/kombu_manager.py
index 0a63bc2..4f99c4e 100644
--- a/src/socketio/kombu_manager.py
+++ b/src/socketio/kombu_manager.py
@@ -44,16 +44,26 @@ class KombuManager(PubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
     :param producer_options: additional keyword arguments to be passed to
                              ``kombu.Producer()``.
     """
-    name = 'kombu'
 
-    def __init__(self, url='amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672//',
-                 channel='socketio', write_only=False, logger=None,
-                 connection_options=None, exchange_options=None,
-                 queue_options=None, producer_options=None):
+    name = "kombu"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url="amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672//",
+        channel="socketio",
+        write_only=False,
+        logger=None,
+        connection_options=None,
+        exchange_options=None,
+        queue_options=None,
+        producer_options=None,
+    ):
         if kombu is None:
-            raise RuntimeError('Kombu package is not installed '
-                               '(Run "pip install kombu" in your '
-                               'virtualenv).')
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Kombu package is not installed "
+                '(Run "pip install kombu" in your '
+                "virtualenv)."
+            )
         super().__init__(channel=channel, write_only=write_only, logger=logger)
         self.url = url
         self.connection_options = connection_options or {}
@@ -66,52 +76,55 @@ class KombuManager(PubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
         super().initialize()
 
         monkey_patched = True
-        if self.server.async_mode == 'eventlet':
+        if self.server.async_mode == "eventlet":
             from eventlet.patcher import is_monkey_patched
-            monkey_patched = is_monkey_patched('socket')
-        elif 'gevent' in self.server.async_mode:
+
+            monkey_patched = is_monkey_patched("socket")
+        elif "gevent" in self.server.async_mode:
             from gevent.monkey import is_module_patched
-            monkey_patched = is_module_patched('socket')
+
+            monkey_patched = is_module_patched("socket")
         if not monkey_patched:
             raise RuntimeError(
-                'Kombu requires a monkey patched socket library to work '
-                'with ' + self.server.async_mode)
+                "Kombu requires a monkey patched socket library to work "
+                "with " + self.server.async_mode
+            )
 
     def _connection(self):
         return kombu.Connection(self.url, **self.connection_options)
 
     def _exchange(self):
-        options = {'type': 'fanout', 'durable': False}
+        options = {"type": "fanout", "durable": False}
         options.update(self.exchange_options)
         return kombu.Exchange(self.channel, **options)
 
     def _queue(self):
-        queue_name = 'flask-socketio.' + str(uuid.uuid4())
-        options = {'durable': False, 'queue_arguments': {'x-expires': 300000}}
+        queue_name = "flask-socketio." + str(uuid.uuid4())
+        options = {"durable": False, "queue_arguments": {"x-expires": 300000}}
         options.update(self.queue_options)
         return kombu.Queue(queue_name, self._exchange(), **options)
 
     def _producer_publish(self, connection):
-        producer = connection.Producer(exchange=self._exchange(),
-                                       **self.producer_options)
+        producer = connection.Producer(
+            exchange=self._exchange(), **self.producer_options
+        )
         return connection.ensure(producer, producer.publish)
 
     def _publish(self, data):
         retry = True
         while True:
             try:
-                producer_publish = self._producer_publish(
-                    self.publisher_connection)
+                producer_publish = self._producer_publish(self.publisher_connection)
                 producer_publish(pickle.dumps(data))
                 break
             except (OSError, kombu.exceptions.KombuError):
                 if retry:
-                    self._get_logger().error('Cannot publish to rabbitmq... '
-                                             'retrying')
+                    self._get_logger().error(
+                        "Cannot publish to rabbitmq... " "retrying"
+                    )
                     retry = False
                 else:
-                    self._get_logger().error(
-                        'Cannot publish to rabbitmq... giving up')
+                    self._get_logger().error("Cannot publish to rabbitmq... giving up")
                     break
 
     def _listen(self):
@@ -128,7 +141,9 @@ class KombuManager(PubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
                             retry_sleep = 1
             except (OSError, kombu.exceptions.KombuError):
                 self._get_logger().error(
-                    'Cannot receive from rabbitmq... '
-                    'retrying in {} secs'.format(retry_sleep))
+                    "Cannot receive from rabbitmq... " "retrying in {} secs".format(
+                        retry_sleep
+                    )
+                )
                 time.sleep(retry_sleep)
                 retry_sleep = min(retry_sleep * 2, 60)
diff --git a/src/socketio/manager.py b/src/socketio/manager.py
index 813c4af..fe1f90f 100644
--- a/src/socketio/manager.py
+++ b/src/socketio/manager.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from engineio import packet as eio_packet
 from . import base_manager
 from . import packet
 
-default_logger = logging.getLogger('socketio')
+default_logger = logging.getLogger("socketio")
 
 
 class Manager(base_manager.BaseManager):
@@ -16,11 +16,13 @@ class Manager(base_manager.BaseManager):
     services. More sophisticated storage backends can be implemented by
     subclasses.
     """
+
     def can_disconnect(self, sid, namespace):
         return self.is_connected(sid, namespace)
 
-    def emit(self, event, data, namespace, room=None, skip_sid=None,
-             callback=None, **kwargs):
+    def emit(
+        self, event, data, namespace, room=None, skip_sid=None, callback=None, **kwargs
+    ):
         """Emit a message to a single client, a room, or all the clients
         connected to the namespace."""
         if namespace not in self.rooms:
@@ -39,12 +41,12 @@ class Manager(base_manager.BaseManager):
             # when callbacks aren't used the packets sent to each recipient are
             # identical, so they can be generated once and reused
             pkt = self.server.packet_class(
-                packet.EVENT, namespace=namespace, data=[event] + data)
+                packet.EVENT, namespace=namespace, data=[event] + data
+            )
             encoded_packet = pkt.encode()
             if not isinstance(encoded_packet, list):
                 encoded_packet = [encoded_packet]
-            eio_pkt = [eio_packet.Packet(eio_packet.MESSAGE, p)
-                       for p in encoded_packet]
+            eio_pkt = [eio_packet.Packet(eio_packet.MESSAGE, p) for p in encoded_packet]
             for sid, eio_sid in self.get_participants(namespace, room):
                 if sid not in skip_sid:
                     for p in eio_pkt:
@@ -58,8 +60,8 @@ class Manager(base_manager.BaseManager):
                 if sid not in skip_sid:  # pragma: no branch
                     id = self._generate_ack_id(sid, callback)
                     pkt = self.server.packet_class(
-                        packet.EVENT, namespace=namespace, data=[event] + data,
-                        id=id)
+                        packet.EVENT, namespace=namespace, data=[event] + data, id=id
+                    )
                     self.server._send_packet(eio_sid, pkt)
 
     def disconnect(self, sid, namespace, **kwargs):
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ class Manager(base_manager.BaseManager):
             callback = self.callbacks[sid][id]
         except KeyError:
             # if we get an unknown callback we just ignore it
-            self._get_logger().warning('Unknown callback received, ignoring.')
+            self._get_logger().warning("Unknown callback received, ignoring.")
         else:
             del self.callbacks[sid][id]
         if callback is not None:
diff --git a/src/socketio/middleware.py b/src/socketio/middleware.py
index acc8ffd..ce72a37 100644
--- a/src/socketio/middleware.py
+++ b/src/socketio/middleware.py
@@ -27,14 +27,20 @@ class WSGIApp(engineio.WSGIApp):
         app = socketio.WSGIApp(sio, wsgi_app)
         eventlet.wsgi.server(eventlet.listen(('', 8000)), app)
     """
-    def __init__(self, socketio_app, wsgi_app=None, static_files=None,
-                 socketio_path='socket.io'):
-        super().__init__(socketio_app, wsgi_app, static_files=static_files,
-                         engineio_path=socketio_path)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, socketio_app, wsgi_app=None, static_files=None, socketio_path="socket.io"
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            socketio_app,
+            wsgi_app,
+            static_files=static_files,
+            engineio_path=socketio_path,
+        )
 
 
 class Middleware(WSGIApp):
     """This class has been renamed to WSGIApp and is now deprecated."""
-    def __init__(self, socketio_app, wsgi_app=None,
-                 socketio_path='socket.io'):
+
+    def __init__(self, socketio_app, wsgi_app=None, socketio_path="socket.io"):
         super().__init__(socketio_app, wsgi_app, socketio_path=socketio_path)
diff --git a/src/socketio/msgpack_packet.py b/src/socketio/msgpack_packet.py
index 2746263..5014a43 100644
--- a/src/socketio/msgpack_packet.py
+++ b/src/socketio/msgpack_packet.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class MsgPackPacket(packet.Packet):
     def decode(self, encoded_packet):
         """Decode a transmitted package."""
         decoded = msgpack.loads(encoded_packet)
-        self.packet_type = decoded['type']
-        self.data = decoded.get('data')
-        self.id = decoded.get('id')
-        self.namespace = decoded['nsp']
+        self.packet_type = decoded["type"]
+        self.data = decoded.get("data")
+        self.id = decoded.get("id")
+        self.namespace = decoded["nsp"]
diff --git a/src/socketio/namespace.py b/src/socketio/namespace.py
index ab4f69f..ce753d4 100644
--- a/src/socketio/namespace.py
+++ b/src/socketio/namespace.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ class Namespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
                       handlers defined in this class. If this argument is
                       omitted, the default namespace is used.
     """
+
     def trigger_event(self, event, *args):
         """Dispatch an event to the proper handler method.
 
@@ -21,46 +22,89 @@ class Namespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
         method can be overridden if special dispatching rules are needed, or if
         having a single method that catches all events is desired.
         """
-        handler_name = 'on_' + event
+        handler_name = "on_" + event
         if hasattr(self, handler_name):
             return getattr(self, handler_name)(*args)
 
-    def emit(self, event, data=None, to=None, room=None, skip_sid=None,
-             namespace=None, callback=None, ignore_queue=False):
+    def emit(
+        self,
+        event,
+        data=None,
+        to=None,
+        room=None,
+        skip_sid=None,
+        namespace=None,
+        callback=None,
+        ignore_queue=False,
+    ):
         """Emit a custom event to one or more connected clients.
 
         The only difference with the :func:`socketio.Server.emit` method is
         that when the ``namespace`` argument is not given the namespace
         associated with the class is used.
         """
-        return self.server.emit(event, data=data, to=to, room=room,
-                                skip_sid=skip_sid,
-                                namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
-                                callback=callback, ignore_queue=ignore_queue)
-
-    def send(self, data, to=None, room=None, skip_sid=None, namespace=None,
-             callback=None, ignore_queue=False):
+        return self.server.emit(
+            event,
+            data=data,
+            to=to,
+            room=room,
+            skip_sid=skip_sid,
+            namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
+            callback=callback,
+            ignore_queue=ignore_queue,
+        )
+
+    def send(
+        self,
+        data,
+        to=None,
+        room=None,
+        skip_sid=None,
+        namespace=None,
+        callback=None,
+        ignore_queue=False,
+    ):
         """Send a message to one or more connected clients.
 
         The only difference with the :func:`socketio.Server.send` method is
         that when the ``namespace`` argument is not given the namespace
         associated with the class is used.
         """
-        return self.server.send(data, to=to, room=room, skip_sid=skip_sid,
-                                namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
-                                callback=callback, ignore_queue=ignore_queue)
-
-    def call(self, event, data=None, to=None, sid=None, namespace=None,
-             timeout=None, ignore_queue=False):
+        return self.server.send(
+            data,
+            to=to,
+            room=room,
+            skip_sid=skip_sid,
+            namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
+            callback=callback,
+            ignore_queue=ignore_queue,
+        )
+
+    def call(
+        self,
+        event,
+        data=None,
+        to=None,
+        sid=None,
+        namespace=None,
+        timeout=None,
+        ignore_queue=False,
+    ):
         """Emit a custom event to a client and wait for the response.
 
         The only difference with the :func:`socketio.Server.call` method is
         that when the ``namespace`` argument is not given the namespace
         associated with the class is used.
         """
-        return self.server.call(event, data=data, to=to, sid=sid,
-                                namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
-                                timeout=timeout, ignore_queue=ignore_queue)
+        return self.server.call(
+            event,
+            data=data,
+            to=to,
+            sid=sid,
+            namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            ignore_queue=ignore_queue,
+        )
 
     def enter_room(self, sid, room, namespace=None):
         """Enter a room.
@@ -69,8 +113,7 @@ class Namespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
         is that when the ``namespace`` argument is not given the namespace
         associated with the class is used.
         """
-        return self.server.enter_room(sid, room,
-                                      namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
+        return self.server.enter_room(sid, room, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
 
     def leave_room(self, sid, room, namespace=None):
         """Leave a room.
@@ -79,8 +122,7 @@ class Namespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
         is that when the ``namespace`` argument is not given the namespace
         associated with the class is used.
         """
-        return self.server.leave_room(sid, room,
-                                      namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
+        return self.server.leave_room(sid, room, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
 
     def close_room(self, room, namespace=None):
         """Close a room.
@@ -89,8 +131,7 @@ class Namespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
         is that when the ``namespace`` argument is not given the namespace
         associated with the class is used.
         """
-        return self.server.close_room(room,
-                                      namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
+        return self.server.close_room(room, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
 
     def get_session(self, sid, namespace=None):
         """Return the user session for a client.
@@ -99,8 +140,7 @@ class Namespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
         method is that when the ``namespace`` argument is not given the
         namespace associated with the class is used.
         """
-        return self.server.get_session(
-            sid, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
+        return self.server.get_session(sid, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
 
     def save_session(self, sid, session, namespace=None):
         """Store the user session for a client.
@@ -110,7 +150,8 @@ class Namespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
         namespace associated with the class is used.
         """
         return self.server.save_session(
-            sid, session, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
+            sid, session, namespace=namespace or self.namespace
+        )
 
     def session(self, sid, namespace=None):
         """Return the user session for a client with context manager syntax.
@@ -128,8 +169,7 @@ class Namespace(base_namespace.BaseServerNamespace):
         is that when the ``namespace`` argument is not given the namespace
         associated with the class is used.
         """
-        return self.server.disconnect(sid,
-                                      namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
+        return self.server.disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace or self.namespace)
 
 
 class ClientNamespace(base_namespace.BaseClientNamespace):
@@ -144,6 +184,7 @@ class ClientNamespace(base_namespace.BaseClientNamespace):
                       handlers defined in this class. If this argument is
                       omitted, the default namespace is used.
     """
+
     def trigger_event(self, event, *args):
         """Dispatch an event to the proper handler method.
 
@@ -152,7 +193,7 @@ class ClientNamespace(base_namespace.BaseClientNamespace):
         method can be overridden if special dispatching rules are needed, or if
         having a single method that catches all events is desired.
         """
-        handler_name = 'on_' + event
+        handler_name = "on_" + event
         if hasattr(self, handler_name):
             return getattr(self, handler_name)(*args)
 
@@ -163,9 +204,9 @@ class ClientNamespace(base_namespace.BaseClientNamespace):
         that when the ``namespace`` argument is not given the namespace
         associated with the class is used.
         """
-        return self.client.emit(event, data=data,
-                                namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
-                                callback=callback)
+        return self.client.emit(
+            event, data=data, namespace=namespace or self.namespace, callback=callback
+        )
 
     def send(self, data, room=None, namespace=None, callback=None):
         """Send a message to the server.
@@ -174,8 +215,9 @@ class ClientNamespace(base_namespace.BaseClientNamespace):
         that when the ``namespace`` argument is not given the namespace
         associated with the class is used.
         """
-        return self.client.send(data, namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
-                                callback=callback)
+        return self.client.send(
+            data, namespace=namespace or self.namespace, callback=callback
+        )
 
     def call(self, event, data=None, namespace=None, timeout=None):
         """Emit a custom event to the server and wait for the response.
@@ -184,9 +226,9 @@ class ClientNamespace(base_namespace.BaseClientNamespace):
         that when the ``namespace`` argument is not given the namespace
         associated with the class is used.
         """
-        return self.client.call(event, data=data,
-                                namespace=namespace or self.namespace,
-                                timeout=timeout)
+        return self.client.call(
+            event, data=data, namespace=namespace or self.namespace, timeout=timeout
+        )
 
     def disconnect(self):
         """Disconnect from the server.
diff --git a/src/socketio/packet.py b/src/socketio/packet.py
index 1830769..d196598 100644
--- a/src/socketio/packet.py
+++ b/src/socketio/packet.py
@@ -1,10 +1,24 @@
 import functools
 from engineio import json as _json
 
-(CONNECT, DISCONNECT, EVENT, ACK, CONNECT_ERROR, BINARY_EVENT, BINARY_ACK) = \
-    (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
-packet_names = ['CONNECT', 'DISCONNECT', 'EVENT', 'ACK', 'CONNECT_ERROR',
-                'BINARY_EVENT', 'BINARY_ACK']
+(CONNECT, DISCONNECT, EVENT, ACK, CONNECT_ERROR, BINARY_EVENT, BINARY_ACK) = (
+    0,
+    1,
+    2,
+    3,
+    4,
+    5,
+    6,
+)
+packet_names = [
+    "CONNECT",
+    "DISCONNECT",
+    "EVENT",
+    "ACK",
+    "CONNECT_ERROR",
+    "BINARY_EVENT",
+    "BINARY_ACK",
+]
 
 
 class Packet(object):
@@ -22,21 +36,28 @@ class Packet(object):
     uses_binary_events = True
     json = _json
 
-    def __init__(self, packet_type=EVENT, data=None, namespace=None, id=None,
-                 binary=None, encoded_packet=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        packet_type=EVENT,
+        data=None,
+        namespace=None,
+        id=None,
+        binary=None,
+        encoded_packet=None,
+    ):
         self.packet_type = packet_type
         self.data = data
         self.namespace = namespace
         self.id = id
-        if self.uses_binary_events and \
-                (binary or (binary is None and self._data_is_binary(
-                    self.data))):
+        if self.uses_binary_events and (
+            binary or (binary is None and self._data_is_binary(self.data))
+        ):
             if self.packet_type == EVENT:
                 self.packet_type = BINARY_EVENT
             elif self.packet_type == ACK:
                 self.packet_type = BINARY_ACK
             else:
-                raise ValueError('Packet does not support binary payload.')
+                raise ValueError("Packet does not support binary payload.")
         self.attachment_count = 0
         self.attachments = []
         if encoded_packet:
@@ -52,16 +73,16 @@ class Packet(object):
         encoded_packet = str(self.packet_type)
         if self.packet_type == BINARY_EVENT or self.packet_type == BINARY_ACK:
             data, attachments = self._deconstruct_binary(self.data)
-            encoded_packet += str(len(attachments)) + '-'
+            encoded_packet += str(len(attachments)) + "-"
         else:
             data = self.data
             attachments = None
-        if self.namespace is not None and self.namespace != '/':
-            encoded_packet += self.namespace + ','
+        if self.namespace is not None and self.namespace != "/":
+            encoded_packet += self.namespace + ","
         if self.id is not None:
             encoded_packet += str(self.id)
         if data is not None:
-            encoded_packet += self.json.dumps(data, separators=(',', ':'))
+            encoded_packet += self.json.dumps(data, separators=(",", ":"))
         if attachments is not None:
             encoded_packet = [encoded_packet] + attachments
         return encoded_packet
@@ -77,26 +98,26 @@ class Packet(object):
             self.packet_type = int(ep[0:1])
         except TypeError:
             self.packet_type = ep
-            ep = ''
+            ep = ""
         self.namespace = None
         self.data = None
         ep = ep[1:]
-        dash = ep.find('-')
+        dash = ep.find("-")
         attachment_count = 0
         if dash > 0 and ep[0:dash].isdigit():
             if dash > 10:
-                raise ValueError('too many attachments')
+                raise ValueError("too many attachments")
             attachment_count = int(ep[0:dash])
-            ep = ep[dash + 1:]
-        if ep and ep[0:1] == '/':
-            sep = ep.find(',')
+            ep = ep[dash + 1 :]
+        if ep and ep[0:1] == "/":
+            sep = ep.find(",")
             if sep == -1:
                 self.namespace = ep
-                ep = ''
+                ep = ""
             else:
                 self.namespace = ep[0:sep]
-                ep = ep[sep + 1:]
-            q = self.namespace.find('?')
+                ep = ep[sep + 1 :]
+            q = self.namespace.find("?")
             if q != -1:
                 self.namespace = self.namespace[0:q]
         if ep and ep[0].isdigit():
@@ -109,14 +130,14 @@ class Packet(object):
             self.id = int(ep[:i])
             ep = ep[i:]
             if len(ep) > 0 and ep[0].isdigit():
-                raise ValueError('id field is too long')
+                raise ValueError("id field is too long")
         if ep:
             self.data = self.json.loads(ep)
         return attachment_count
 
     def add_attachment(self, attachment):
         if self.attachment_count <= len(self.attachments):
-            raise ValueError('Unexpected binary attachment')
+            raise ValueError("Unexpected binary attachment")
         self.attachments.append(attachment)
         if self.attachment_count == len(self.attachments):
             self.reconstruct_binary(self.attachments)
@@ -127,20 +148,21 @@ class Packet(object):
         """Reconstruct a decoded packet using the given list of binary
         attachments.
         """
-        self.data = self._reconstruct_binary_internal(self.data,
-                                                      self.attachments)
+        self.data = self._reconstruct_binary_internal(self.data, self.attachments)
 
     def _reconstruct_binary_internal(self, data, attachments):
         if isinstance(data, list):
-            return [self._reconstruct_binary_internal(item, attachments)
-                    for item in data]
+            return [
+                self._reconstruct_binary_internal(item, attachments) for item in data
+            ]
         elif isinstance(data, dict):
-            if data.get('_placeholder') and 'num' in data:
-                return attachments[data['num']]
+            if data.get("_placeholder") and "num" in data:
+                return attachments[data["num"]]
             else:
-                return {key: self._reconstruct_binary_internal(value,
-                                                               attachments)
-                        for key, value in data.items()}
+                return {
+                    key: self._reconstruct_binary_internal(value, attachments)
+                    for key, value in data.items()
+                }
         else:
             return data
 
@@ -153,13 +175,16 @@ class Packet(object):
     def _deconstruct_binary_internal(self, data, attachments):
         if isinstance(data, bytes):
             attachments.append(data)
-            return {'_placeholder': True, 'num': len(attachments) - 1}
+            return {"_placeholder": True, "num": len(attachments) - 1}
         elif isinstance(data, list):
-            return [self._deconstruct_binary_internal(item, attachments)
-                    for item in data]
+            return [
+                self._deconstruct_binary_internal(item, attachments) for item in data
+            ]
         elif isinstance(data, dict):
-            return {key: self._deconstruct_binary_internal(value, attachments)
-                    for key, value in data.items()}
+            return {
+                key: self._deconstruct_binary_internal(value, attachments)
+                for key, value in data.items()
+            }
         else:
             return data
 
@@ -169,22 +194,25 @@ class Packet(object):
             return True
         elif isinstance(data, list):
             return functools.reduce(
-                lambda a, b: a or b, [self._data_is_binary(item)
-                                      for item in data], False)
+                lambda a, b: a or b,
+                [self._data_is_binary(item) for item in data],
+                False,
+            )
         elif isinstance(data, dict):
             return functools.reduce(
-                lambda a, b: a or b, [self._data_is_binary(item)
-                                      for item in data.values()],
-                False)
+                lambda a, b: a or b,
+                [self._data_is_binary(item) for item in data.values()],
+                False,
+            )
         else:
             return False
 
     def _to_dict(self):
         d = {
-            'type': self.packet_type,
-            'data': self.data,
-            'nsp': self.namespace,
+            "type": self.packet_type,
+            "data": self.data,
+            "nsp": self.namespace,
         }
         if self.id:
-            d['id'] = self.id
+            d["id"] = self.id
         return d
diff --git a/src/socketio/pubsub_manager.py b/src/socketio/pubsub_manager.py
index 62eb336..984a256 100644
--- a/src/socketio/pubsub_manager.py
+++ b/src/socketio/pubsub_manager.py
@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ class PubSubManager(Manager):
     :param channel: The channel name on which the server sends and receives
                     notifications.
     """
-    name = 'pubsub'
 
-    def __init__(self, channel='socketio', write_only=False, logger=None):
+    name = "pubsub"
+
+    def __init__(self, channel="socketio", write_only=False, logger=None):
         super().__init__()
         self.channel = channel
         self.write_only = write_only
@@ -34,10 +35,18 @@ class PubSubManager(Manager):
         super().initialize()
         if not self.write_only:
             self.thread = self.server.start_background_task(self._thread)
-        self._get_logger().info(self.name + ' backend initialized.')
+        self._get_logger().info(self.name + " backend initialized.")
 
-    def emit(self, event, data, namespace=None, room=None, skip_sid=None,
-             callback=None, **kwargs):
+    def emit(
+        self,
+        event,
+        data,
+        namespace=None,
+        room=None,
+        skip_sid=None,
+        callback=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
         """Emit a message to a single client, a room, or all the clients
         connected to the namespace.
 
@@ -46,25 +55,37 @@ class PubSubManager(Manager):
 
         The parameters are the same as in :meth:`.Server.emit`.
         """
-        if kwargs.get('ignore_queue'):
+        if kwargs.get("ignore_queue"):
             return super().emit(
-                event, data, namespace=namespace, room=room, skip_sid=skip_sid,
-                callback=callback)
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+                event,
+                data,
+                namespace=namespace,
+                room=room,
+                skip_sid=skip_sid,
+                callback=callback,
+            )
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         if callback is not None:
             if self.server is None:
-                raise RuntimeError('Callbacks can only be issued from the '
-                                   'context of a server.')
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Callbacks can only be issued from the " "context of a server."
+                )
             if room is None:
-                raise ValueError('Cannot use callback without a room set.')
+                raise ValueError("Cannot use callback without a room set.")
             id = self._generate_ack_id(room, callback)
             callback = (room, namespace, id)
         else:
             callback = None
-        message = {'method': 'emit', 'event': event, 'data': data,
-                   'namespace': namespace, 'room': room,
-                   'skip_sid': skip_sid, 'callback': callback,
-                   'host_id': self.host_id}
+        message = {
+            "method": "emit",
+            "event": event,
+            "data": data,
+            "namespace": namespace,
+            "room": room,
+            "skip_sid": skip_sid,
+            "callback": callback,
+            "host_id": self.host_id,
+        }
         self._handle_emit(message)  # handle in this host
         self._publish(message)  # notify other hosts
 
@@ -74,16 +95,24 @@ class PubSubManager(Manager):
             return super().can_disconnect(sid, namespace)
         else:
             # client is in another server, so we post request to the queue
-            message = {'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': sid,
-                       'namespace': namespace or '/', 'host_id': self.host_id}
+            message = {
+                "method": "disconnect",
+                "sid": sid,
+                "namespace": namespace or "/",
+                "host_id": self.host_id,
+            }
             self._handle_disconnect(message)  # handle in this host
             self._publish(message)  # notify other hosts
 
     def disconnect(self, sid, namespace=None, **kwargs):
-        if kwargs.get('ignore_queue'):
+        if kwargs.get("ignore_queue"):
             return super().disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace)
-        message = {'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': sid,
-                   'namespace': namespace or '/', 'host_id': self.host_id}
+        message = {
+            "method": "disconnect",
+            "sid": sid,
+            "namespace": namespace or "/",
+            "host_id": self.host_id,
+        }
         self._handle_disconnect(message)  # handle in this host
         self._publish(message)  # notify other hosts
 
@@ -92,8 +121,13 @@ class PubSubManager(Manager):
             # client is in this server, so we can add to the room directly
             return super().enter_room(sid, namespace, room, eio_sid=eio_sid)
         else:
-            message = {'method': 'enter_room', 'sid': sid, 'room': room,
-                       'namespace': namespace or '/', 'host_id': self.host_id}
+            message = {
+                "method": "enter_room",
+                "sid": sid,
+                "room": room,
+                "namespace": namespace or "/",
+                "host_id": self.host_id,
+            }
             self._publish(message)  # notify other hosts
 
     def leave_room(self, sid, namespace, room):
@@ -101,13 +135,22 @@ class PubSubManager(Manager):
             # client is in this server, so we can remove from the room directly
             return super().leave_room(sid, namespace, room)
         else:
-            message = {'method': 'leave_room', 'sid': sid, 'room': room,
-                       'namespace': namespace or '/', 'host_id': self.host_id}
+            message = {
+                "method": "leave_room",
+                "sid": sid,
+                "room": room,
+                "namespace": namespace or "/",
+                "host_id": self.host_id,
+            }
             self._publish(message)  # notify other hosts
 
     def close_room(self, room, namespace=None):
-        message = {'method': 'close_room', 'room': room,
-                   'namespace': namespace or '/', 'host_id': self.host_id}
+        message = {
+            "method": "close_room",
+            "room": room,
+            "namespace": namespace or "/",
+            "host_id": self.host_id,
+        }
         self._handle_close_room(message)  # handle in this host
         self._publish(message)  # notify other hosts
 
@@ -117,8 +160,9 @@ class PubSubManager(Manager):
         This method needs to be implemented by the different subclasses that
         support pub/sub backends.
         """
-        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented in a '
-                                  'subclass.')  # pragma: no cover
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "This method must be implemented in a " "subclass."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
 
     def _listen(self):
         """Return the next message published on the Socket.IO channel,
@@ -127,31 +171,35 @@ class PubSubManager(Manager):
         This method needs to be implemented by the different subclasses that
         support pub/sub backends.
         """
-        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented in a '
-                                  'subclass.')  # pragma: no cover
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "This method must be implemented in a " "subclass."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
 
     def _handle_emit(self, message):
         # Events with callbacks are very tricky to handle across hosts
         # Here in the receiving end we set up a local callback that preserves
         # the callback host and id from the sender
-        remote_callback = message.get('callback')
-        remote_host_id = message.get('host_id')
+        remote_callback = message.get("callback")
+        remote_host_id = message.get("host_id")
         if remote_callback is not None and len(remote_callback) == 3:
-            callback = partial(self._return_callback, remote_host_id,
-                               *remote_callback)
+            callback = partial(self._return_callback, remote_host_id, *remote_callback)
         else:
             callback = None
-        super().emit(message['event'], message['data'],
-                     namespace=message.get('namespace'),
-                     room=message.get('room'),
-                     skip_sid=message.get('skip_sid'), callback=callback)
+        super().emit(
+            message["event"],
+            message["data"],
+            namespace=message.get("namespace"),
+            room=message.get("room"),
+            skip_sid=message.get("skip_sid"),
+            callback=callback,
+        )
 
     def _handle_callback(self, message):
-        if self.host_id == message.get('host_id'):
+        if self.host_id == message.get("host_id"):
             try:
-                sid = message['sid']
-                id = message['id']
-                args = message['args']
+                sid = message["sid"]
+                id = message["id"]
+                args = message["args"]
             except KeyError:
                 return
             self.trigger_callback(sid, id, args)
@@ -162,30 +210,38 @@ class PubSubManager(Manager):
         if host_id == self.host_id:
             self.trigger_callback(sid, callback_id, args)
         else:
-            self._publish({'method': 'callback', 'host_id': host_id,
-                           'sid': sid, 'namespace': namespace,
-                           'id': callback_id, 'args': args})
+            self._publish(
+                {
+                    "method": "callback",
+                    "host_id": host_id,
+                    "sid": sid,
+                    "namespace": namespace,
+                    "id": callback_id,
+                    "args": args,
+                }
+            )
 
     def _handle_disconnect(self, message):
-        self.server.disconnect(sid=message.get('sid'),
-                               namespace=message.get('namespace'),
-                               ignore_queue=True)
+        self.server.disconnect(
+            sid=message.get("sid"),
+            namespace=message.get("namespace"),
+            ignore_queue=True,
+        )
 
     def _handle_enter_room(self, message):
-        sid = message.get('sid')
-        namespace = message.get('namespace')
+        sid = message.get("sid")
+        namespace = message.get("namespace")
         if self.is_connected(sid, namespace):
-            super().enter_room(sid, namespace, message.get('room'))
+            super().enter_room(sid, namespace, message.get("room"))
 
     def _handle_leave_room(self, message):
-        sid = message.get('sid')
-        namespace = message.get('namespace')
+        sid = message.get("sid")
+        namespace = message.get("namespace")
         if self.is_connected(sid, namespace):
-            super().leave_room(sid, namespace, message.get('room'))
+            super().leave_room(sid, namespace, message.get("room"))
 
     def _handle_close_room(self, message):
-        super().close_room(room=message.get('room'),
-                           namespace=message.get('namespace'))
+        super().close_room(room=message.get("room"), namespace=message.get("namespace"))
 
     def _thread(self):
         for message in self._listen():
@@ -203,23 +259,23 @@ class PubSubManager(Manager):
                         data = json.loads(message)
                     except:
                         pass
-            if data and 'method' in data:
-                self._get_logger().debug('pubsub message: {}'.format(
-                    data['method']))
+            if data and "method" in data:
+                self._get_logger().debug("pubsub message: {}".format(data["method"]))
                 try:
-                    if data['method'] == 'callback':
+                    if data["method"] == "callback":
                         self._handle_callback(data)
-                    elif data.get('host_id') != self.host_id:
-                        if data['method'] == 'emit':
+                    elif data.get("host_id") != self.host_id:
+                        if data["method"] == "emit":
                             self._handle_emit(data)
-                        elif data['method'] == 'disconnect':
+                        elif data["method"] == "disconnect":
                             self._handle_disconnect(data)
-                        elif data['method'] == 'enter_room':
+                        elif data["method"] == "enter_room":
                             self._handle_enter_room(data)
-                        elif data['method'] == 'leave_room':
+                        elif data["method"] == "leave_room":
                             self._handle_leave_room(data)
-                        elif data['method'] == 'close_room':
+                        elif data["method"] == "close_room":
                             self._handle_close_room(data)
                 except:
                     self.server.logger.exception(
-                        'Unknown error in pubsub listening thread')
+                        "Unknown error in pubsub listening thread"
+                    )
diff --git a/src/socketio/redis_manager.py b/src/socketio/redis_manager.py
index ae9fa29..8e28405 100644
--- a/src/socketio/redis_manager.py
+++ b/src/socketio/redis_manager.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ except ImportError:
 
 from .pubsub_manager import PubSubManager
 
-logger = logging.getLogger('socketio')
+logger = logging.getLogger("socketio")
 
 
 class RedisManager(PubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
@@ -37,14 +37,23 @@ class RedisManager(PubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
     :param redis_options: additional keyword arguments to be passed to
                           ``Redis.from_url()``.
     """
-    name = 'redis'
 
-    def __init__(self, url='redis://localhost:6379/0', channel='socketio',
-                 write_only=False, logger=None, redis_options=None):
+    name = "redis"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url="redis://localhost:6379/0",
+        channel="socketio",
+        write_only=False,
+        logger=None,
+        redis_options=None,
+    ):
         if redis is None:
-            raise RuntimeError('Redis package is not installed '
-                               '(Run "pip install redis" in your '
-                               'virtualenv).')
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Redis package is not installed "
+                '(Run "pip install redis" in your '
+                "virtualenv)."
+            )
         self.redis_url = url
         self.redis_options = redis_options or {}
         self._redis_connect()
@@ -54,20 +63,22 @@ class RedisManager(PubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
         super().initialize()
 
         monkey_patched = True
-        if self.server.async_mode == 'eventlet':
+        if self.server.async_mode == "eventlet":
             from eventlet.patcher import is_monkey_patched
-            monkey_patched = is_monkey_patched('socket')
-        elif 'gevent' in self.server.async_mode:
+
+            monkey_patched = is_monkey_patched("socket")
+        elif "gevent" in self.server.async_mode:
             from gevent.monkey import is_module_patched
-            monkey_patched = is_module_patched('socket')
+
+            monkey_patched = is_module_patched("socket")
         if not monkey_patched:
             raise RuntimeError(
-                'Redis requires a monkey patched socket library to work '
-                'with ' + self.server.async_mode)
+                "Redis requires a monkey patched socket library to work "
+                "with " + self.server.async_mode
+            )
 
     def _redis_connect(self):
-        self.redis = redis.Redis.from_url(self.redis_url,
-                                          **self.redis_options)
+        self.redis = redis.Redis.from_url(self.redis_url, **self.redis_options)
         self.pubsub = self.redis.pubsub(ignore_subscribe_messages=True)
 
     def _publish(self, data):
@@ -79,10 +90,10 @@ class RedisManager(PubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
                 return self.redis.publish(self.channel, pickle.dumps(data))
             except redis.exceptions.RedisError:
                 if retry:
-                    logger.error('Cannot publish to redis... retrying')
+                    logger.error("Cannot publish to redis... retrying")
                     retry = False
                 else:
-                    logger.error('Cannot publish to redis... giving up')
+                    logger.error("Cannot publish to redis... giving up")
                     break
 
     def _redis_listen_with_retries(self):
@@ -97,8 +108,11 @@ class RedisManager(PubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
                 for message in self.pubsub.listen():
                     yield message
             except redis.exceptions.RedisError:
-                logger.error('Cannot receive from redis... '
-                             'retrying in {} secs'.format(retry_sleep))
+                logger.error(
+                    "Cannot receive from redis... " "retrying in {} secs".format(
+                        retry_sleep
+                    )
+                )
                 connect = True
                 time.sleep(retry_sleep)
                 retry_sleep *= 2
@@ -106,10 +120,13 @@ class RedisManager(PubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
                     retry_sleep = 60
 
     def _listen(self):
-        channel = self.channel.encode('utf-8')
+        channel = self.channel.encode("utf-8")
         self.pubsub.subscribe(self.channel)
         for message in self._redis_listen_with_retries():
-            if message['channel'] == channel and \
-                    message['type'] == 'message' and 'data' in message:
-                yield message['data']
+            if (
+                message["channel"] == channel
+                and message["type"] == "message"
+                and "data" in message
+            ):
+                yield message["data"]
         self.pubsub.unsubscribe(self.channel)
diff --git a/src/socketio/server.py b/src/socketio/server.py
index 2081337..11123ed 100644
--- a/src/socketio/server.py
+++ b/src/socketio/server.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from . import base_server
 from . import exceptions
 from . import packet
 
-default_logger = logging.getLogger('socketio.server')
+default_logger = logging.getLogger("socketio.server")
 
 
 class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
@@ -110,8 +110,18 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
                             fatal errors are logged even when
                             ``engineio_logger`` is ``False``.
     """
-    def emit(self, event, data=None, to=None, room=None, skip_sid=None,
-             namespace=None, callback=None, ignore_queue=False):
+
+    def emit(
+        self,
+        event,
+        data=None,
+        to=None,
+        room=None,
+        skip_sid=None,
+        namespace=None,
+        callback=None,
+        ignore_queue=False,
+    ):
         """Emit a custom event to one or more connected clients.
 
         :param event: The event name. It can be any string. The event names
@@ -154,16 +164,31 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
         standard concurrency solutions (such as a Lock object) to prevent this
         situation.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         room = to or room
-        self.logger.info('emitting event "%s" to %s [%s]', event,
-                         room or 'all', namespace)
-        self.manager.emit(event, data, namespace, room=room,
-                          skip_sid=skip_sid, callback=callback,
-                          ignore_queue=ignore_queue)
-
-    def send(self, data, to=None, room=None, skip_sid=None, namespace=None,
-             callback=None, ignore_queue=False):
+        self.logger.info(
+            'emitting event "%s" to %s [%s]', event, room or "all", namespace
+        )
+        self.manager.emit(
+            event,
+            data,
+            namespace,
+            room=room,
+            skip_sid=skip_sid,
+            callback=callback,
+            ignore_queue=ignore_queue,
+        )
+
+    def send(
+        self,
+        data,
+        to=None,
+        room=None,
+        skip_sid=None,
+        namespace=None,
+        callback=None,
+        ignore_queue=False,
+    ):
         """Send a message to one or more connected clients.
 
         This function emits an event with the name ``'message'``. Use
@@ -200,12 +225,27 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
                              to always leave this parameter with its default
                              value of ``False``.
         """
-        self.emit('message', data=data, to=to, room=room, skip_sid=skip_sid,
-                  namespace=namespace, callback=callback,
-                  ignore_queue=ignore_queue)
-
-    def call(self, event, data=None, to=None, sid=None, namespace=None,
-             timeout=60, ignore_queue=False):
+        self.emit(
+            "message",
+            data=data,
+            to=to,
+            room=room,
+            skip_sid=skip_sid,
+            namespace=namespace,
+            callback=callback,
+            ignore_queue=ignore_queue,
+        )
+
+    def call(
+        self,
+        event,
+        data=None,
+        to=None,
+        sid=None,
+        namespace=None,
+        timeout=60,
+        ignore_queue=False,
+    ):
         """Emit a custom event to a client and wait for the response.
 
         This method issues an emit with a callback and waits for the callback
@@ -244,10 +284,9 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
         situation.
         """
         if to is None and sid is None:
-            raise ValueError('Cannot use call() to broadcast.')
+            raise ValueError("Cannot use call() to broadcast.")
         if not self.async_handlers:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                'Cannot use call() when async_handlers is False.')
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot use call() when async_handlers is False.")
         callback_event = self.eio.create_event()
         callback_args = []
 
@@ -255,13 +294,23 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
             callback_args.append(args)
             callback_event.set()
 
-        self.emit(event, data=data, room=to or sid, namespace=namespace,
-                  callback=event_callback, ignore_queue=ignore_queue)
+        self.emit(
+            event,
+            data=data,
+            room=to or sid,
+            namespace=namespace,
+            callback=event_callback,
+            ignore_queue=ignore_queue,
+        )
         if not callback_event.wait(timeout=timeout):
             raise exceptions.TimeoutError()
-        return callback_args[0] if len(callback_args[0]) > 1 \
-            else callback_args[0][0] if len(callback_args[0]) == 1 \
+        return (
+            callback_args[0]
+            if len(callback_args[0]) > 1
+            else callback_args[0][0]
+            if len(callback_args[0]) == 1
             else None
+        )
 
     def enter_room(self, sid, room, namespace=None):
         """Enter a room.
@@ -275,8 +324,8 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
         :param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace for the event. If this
                           argument is omitted the default namespace is used.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
-        self.logger.info('%s is entering room %s [%s]', sid, room, namespace)
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
+        self.logger.info("%s is entering room %s [%s]", sid, room, namespace)
         self.manager.enter_room(sid, namespace, room)
 
     def leave_room(self, sid, room, namespace=None):
@@ -289,8 +338,8 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
         :param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace for the event. If this
                           argument is omitted the default namespace is used.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
-        self.logger.info('%s is leaving room %s [%s]', sid, room, namespace)
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
+        self.logger.info("%s is leaving room %s [%s]", sid, room, namespace)
         self.manager.leave_room(sid, namespace, room)
 
     def close_room(self, room, namespace=None):
@@ -302,8 +351,8 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
         :param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace for the event. If this
                           argument is omitted the default namespace is used.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
-        self.logger.info('room %s is closing [%s]', room, namespace)
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
+        self.logger.info("room %s is closing [%s]", room, namespace)
         self.manager.close_room(room, namespace)
 
     def get_session(self, sid, namespace=None):
@@ -318,7 +367,7 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
         ``save_session()`` is called, or when the ``session`` context manager
         is used.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         eio_sid = self.manager.eio_sid_from_sid(sid, namespace)
         eio_session = self.eio.get_session(eio_sid)
         return eio_session.setdefault(namespace, {})
@@ -331,7 +380,7 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
         :param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace. If this argument is omitted
                           the default namespace is used.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         eio_sid = self.manager.eio_sid_from_sid(sid, namespace)
         eio_session = self.eio.get_session(eio_sid)
         eio_session[namespace] = session
@@ -358,6 +407,7 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
                 with sio.session(sid) as session:
                     print('received message from ', session['username'])
         """
+
         class _session_context_manager(object):
             def __init__(self, server, sid, namespace):
                 self.server = server
@@ -366,13 +416,11 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
                 self.session = None
 
             def __enter__(self):
-                self.session = self.server.get_session(sid,
-                                                       namespace=namespace)
+                self.session = self.server.get_session(sid, namespace=namespace)
                 return self.session
 
             def __exit__(self, *args):
-                self.server.save_session(sid, self.session,
-                                         namespace=namespace)
+                self.server.save_session(sid, self.session, namespace=namespace)
 
         return _session_context_manager(self, sid, namespace)
 
@@ -388,19 +436,19 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
                              recommended to always leave this parameter with
                              its default value of ``False``.
         """
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         if ignore_queue:
             delete_it = self.manager.is_connected(sid, namespace)
         else:
             delete_it = self.manager.can_disconnect(sid, namespace)
         if delete_it:
-            self.logger.info('Disconnecting %s [%s]', sid, namespace)
+            self.logger.info("Disconnecting %s [%s]", sid, namespace)
             eio_sid = self.manager.pre_disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace)
-            self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
-                packet.DISCONNECT, namespace=namespace))
-            self._trigger_event('disconnect', namespace, sid)
-            self.manager.disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace,
-                                    ignore_queue=True)
+            self._send_packet(
+                eio_sid, self.packet_class(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace=namespace)
+            )
+            self._trigger_event("disconnect", namespace, sid)
+            self.manager.disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace, ignore_queue=True)
 
     def shutdown(self):
         """Stop Socket.IO background tasks.
@@ -408,7 +456,7 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
         This method stops all background activity initiated by the Socket.IO
         server. It must be called before shutting down the web server.
         """
-        self.logger.info('Socket.IO is shutting down')
+        self.logger.info("Socket.IO is shutting down")
         self.eio.shutdown()
 
     def handle_request(self, environ, start_response):
@@ -454,9 +502,15 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
         """
         return self.eio.sleep(seconds)
 
-    def instrument(self, auth=None, mode='development', read_only=False,
-                   server_id=None, namespace='/admin',
-                   server_stats_interval=2):
+    def instrument(
+        self,
+        auth=None,
+        mode="development",
+        read_only=False,
+        server_id=None,
+        namespace="/admin",
+        server_stats_interval=2,
+    ):
         """Instrument the Socket.IO server for monitoring with the `Socket.IO
         Admin UI <https://socket.io/docs/v4/admin-ui/>`_.
 
@@ -488,10 +542,16 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
                                       connected admins.
         """
         from .admin import InstrumentedServer
+
         return InstrumentedServer(
-            self, auth=auth, mode=mode, read_only=read_only,
-            server_id=server_id, namespace=namespace,
-            server_stats_interval=server_stats_interval)
+            self,
+            auth=auth,
+            mode=mode,
+            read_only=read_only,
+            server_id=server_id,
+            namespace=namespace,
+            server_stats_interval=server_stats_interval,
+        )
 
     def _send_packet(self, eio_sid, pkt):
         """Send a Socket.IO packet to a client."""
@@ -508,32 +568,44 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
 
     def _handle_connect(self, eio_sid, namespace, data):
         """Handle a client connection request."""
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         sid = None
-        if namespace in self.handlers or namespace in self.namespace_handlers \
-                or self.namespaces == '*' or namespace in self.namespaces:
+        if (
+            namespace in self.handlers
+            or namespace in self.namespace_handlers
+            or self.namespaces == "*"
+            or namespace in self.namespaces
+        ):
             sid = self.manager.connect(eio_sid, namespace)
         if sid is None:
-            self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
-                packet.CONNECT_ERROR, data='Unable to connect',
-                namespace=namespace))
+            self._send_packet(
+                eio_sid,
+                self.packet_class(
+                    packet.CONNECT_ERROR, data="Unable to connect", namespace=namespace
+                ),
+            )
             return
 
         if self.always_connect:
-            self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
-                packet.CONNECT, {'sid': sid}, namespace=namespace))
+            self._send_packet(
+                eio_sid,
+                self.packet_class(packet.CONNECT, {"sid": sid}, namespace=namespace),
+            )
         fail_reason = exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError().error_args
         try:
             if data:
                 success = self._trigger_event(
-                    'connect', namespace, sid, self.environ[eio_sid], data)
+                    "connect", namespace, sid, self.environ[eio_sid], data
+                )
             else:
                 try:
                     success = self._trigger_event(
-                        'connect', namespace, sid, self.environ[eio_sid])
+                        "connect", namespace, sid, self.environ[eio_sid]
+                    )
                 except TypeError:
                     success = self._trigger_event(
-                        'connect', namespace, sid, self.environ[eio_sid], None)
+                        "connect", namespace, sid, self.environ[eio_sid], None
+                    )
         except exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError as exc:
             fail_reason = exc.error_args
             success = False
@@ -541,46 +613,52 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
         if success is False:
             if self.always_connect:
                 self.manager.pre_disconnect(sid, namespace)
-                self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
-                    packet.DISCONNECT, data=fail_reason, namespace=namespace))
+                self._send_packet(
+                    eio_sid,
+                    self.packet_class(
+                        packet.DISCONNECT, data=fail_reason, namespace=namespace
+                    ),
+                )
             else:
-                self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
-                    packet.CONNECT_ERROR, data=fail_reason,
-                    namespace=namespace))
+                self._send_packet(
+                    eio_sid,
+                    self.packet_class(
+                        packet.CONNECT_ERROR, data=fail_reason, namespace=namespace
+                    ),
+                )
             self.manager.disconnect(sid, namespace, ignore_queue=True)
         elif not self.always_connect:
-            self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
-                packet.CONNECT, {'sid': sid}, namespace=namespace))
+            self._send_packet(
+                eio_sid,
+                self.packet_class(packet.CONNECT, {"sid": sid}, namespace=namespace),
+            )
 
     def _handle_disconnect(self, eio_sid, namespace):
         """Handle a client disconnect."""
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         sid = self.manager.sid_from_eio_sid(eio_sid, namespace)
         if not self.manager.is_connected(sid, namespace):  # pragma: no cover
             return
         self.manager.pre_disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace)
-        self._trigger_event('disconnect', namespace, sid)
+        self._trigger_event("disconnect", namespace, sid)
         self.manager.disconnect(sid, namespace, ignore_queue=True)
 
     def _handle_event(self, eio_sid, namespace, id, data):
         """Handle an incoming client event."""
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         sid = self.manager.sid_from_eio_sid(eio_sid, namespace)
-        self.logger.info('received event "%s" from %s [%s]', data[0], sid,
-                         namespace)
+        self.logger.info('received event "%s" from %s [%s]', data[0], sid, namespace)
         if not self.manager.is_connected(sid, namespace):
-            self.logger.warning('%s is not connected to namespace %s',
-                                sid, namespace)
+            self.logger.warning("%s is not connected to namespace %s", sid, namespace)
             return
         if self.async_handlers:
-            self.start_background_task(self._handle_event_internal, self, sid,
-                                       eio_sid, data, namespace, id)
+            self.start_background_task(
+                self._handle_event_internal, self, sid, eio_sid, data, namespace, id
+            )
         else:
-            self._handle_event_internal(self, sid, eio_sid, data, namespace,
-                                        id)
+            self._handle_event_internal(self, sid, eio_sid, data, namespace, id)
 
-    def _handle_event_internal(self, server, sid, eio_sid, data, namespace,
-                               id):
+    def _handle_event_internal(self, server, sid, eio_sid, data, namespace, id):
         r = server._trigger_event(data[0], namespace, sid, *data[1:])
         if r != self.not_handled and id is not None:
             # send ACK packet with the response returned by the handler
@@ -591,14 +669,16 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
                 data = list(r)
             else:
                 data = [r]
-            server._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
-                packet.ACK, namespace=namespace, id=id, data=data))
+            server._send_packet(
+                eio_sid,
+                self.packet_class(packet.ACK, namespace=namespace, id=id, data=data),
+            )
 
     def _handle_ack(self, eio_sid, namespace, id, data):
         """Handle ACK packets from the client."""
-        namespace = namespace or '/'
+        namespace = namespace or "/"
         sid = self.manager.sid_from_eio_sid(eio_sid, namespace)
-        self.logger.info('received ack from %s [%s]', sid, namespace)
+        self.logger.info("received ack from %s [%s]", sid, namespace)
         self.manager.trigger_callback(sid, id, data)
 
     def _trigger_event(self, event, namespace, *args):
@@ -607,16 +687,14 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
         if namespace in self.handlers:
             if event in self.handlers[namespace]:
                 return self.handlers[namespace][event](*args)
-            elif event not in self.reserved_events and \
-                    '*' in self.handlers[namespace]:
-                return self.handlers[namespace]['*'](event, *args)
+            elif event not in self.reserved_events and "*" in self.handlers[namespace]:
+                return self.handlers[namespace]["*"](event, *args)
             else:
                 return self.not_handled
 
         # or else, forward the event to a namespace handler if one exists
         elif namespace in self.namespace_handlers:  # pragma: no branch
-            return self.namespace_handlers[namespace].trigger_event(
-                event, *args)
+            return self.namespace_handlers[namespace].trigger_event(event, *args)
 
     def _handle_eio_connect(self, eio_sid, environ):
         """Handle the Engine.IO connection event."""
@@ -632,8 +710,7 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
             if pkt.add_attachment(data):
                 del self._binary_packet[eio_sid]
                 if pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT:
-                    self._handle_event(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id,
-                                       pkt.data)
+                    self._handle_event(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id, pkt.data)
                 else:
                     self._handle_ack(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id, pkt.data)
         else:
@@ -646,13 +723,15 @@ class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
                 self._handle_event(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id, pkt.data)
             elif pkt.packet_type == packet.ACK:
                 self._handle_ack(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id, pkt.data)
-            elif pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT or \
-                    pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_ACK:
+            elif (
+                pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT
+                or pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_ACK
+            ):
                 self._binary_packet[eio_sid] = pkt
             elif pkt.packet_type == packet.CONNECT_ERROR:
-                raise ValueError('Unexpected CONNECT_ERROR packet.')
+                raise ValueError("Unexpected CONNECT_ERROR packet.")
             else:
-                raise ValueError('Unknown packet type.')
+                raise ValueError("Unknown packet type.")
 
     def _handle_eio_disconnect(self, eio_sid):
         """Handle Engine.IO disconnect event."""
diff --git a/src/socketio/simple_client.py b/src/socketio/simple_client.py
index ce3a1c5..af1d28f 100644
--- a/src/socketio/simple_client.py
+++ b/src/socketio/simple_client.py
@@ -12,18 +12,27 @@ class SimpleClient:
     Th positional and keyword arguments given in the constructor are passed
     to the underlying :func:`socketio.Client` object.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self.client_args = args
         self.client_kwargs = kwargs
         self.client = None
-        self.namespace = '/'
+        self.namespace = "/"
         self.connected_event = Event()
         self.connected = False
         self.input_event = Event()
         self.input_buffer = []
 
-    def connect(self, url, headers={}, auth=None, transports=None,
-                namespace='/', socketio_path='socket.io', wait_timeout=5):
+    def connect(
+        self,
+        url,
+        headers={},
+        auth=None,
+        transports=None,
+        namespace="/",
+        socketio_path="socket.io",
+        wait_timeout=5,
+    ):
         """Connect to a Socket.IO server.
 
         :param url: The URL of the Socket.IO server. It can include custom
@@ -54,7 +63,7 @@ class SimpleClient:
                              seconds.
         """
         if self.connected:
-            raise RuntimeError('Already connected')
+            raise RuntimeError("Already connected")
         self.namespace = namespace
         self.input_buffer = []
         self.input_event.clear()
@@ -74,15 +83,20 @@ class SimpleClient:
             self.connected = False
             self.connected_event.set()
 
-        @self.client.on('*', namespace=self.namespace)
+        @self.client.on("*", namespace=self.namespace)
         def on_event(event, *args):  # pragma: no cover
             self.input_buffer.append([event, *args])
             self.input_event.set()
 
-        self.client.connect(url, headers=headers, auth=auth,
-                            transports=transports, namespaces=[namespace],
-                            socketio_path=socketio_path,
-                            wait_timeout=wait_timeout)
+        self.client.connect(
+            url,
+            headers=headers,
+            auth=auth,
+            transports=transports,
+            namespaces=[namespace],
+            socketio_path=socketio_path,
+            wait_timeout=wait_timeout,
+        )
 
     @property
     def sid(self):
@@ -100,7 +114,7 @@ class SimpleClient:
         The transport is returned as a string and can be one of ``polling``
         and ``websocket``.
         """
-        return self.client.transport if self.client else ''
+        return self.client.transport if self.client else ""
 
     def emit(self, event, data=None):
         """Emit an event to the server.
@@ -150,8 +164,9 @@ class SimpleClient:
             if not self.connected:
                 raise DisconnectedError()
             try:
-                return self.client.call(event, data, namespace=self.namespace,
-                                        timeout=timeout)
+                return self.client.call(
+                    event, data, namespace=self.namespace, timeout=timeout
+                )
             except SocketIOError:
                 pass
 
@@ -167,8 +182,7 @@ class SimpleClient:
         additional list elements.
         """
         while not self.input_buffer:
-            if not self.connected_event.wait(
-                    timeout=timeout):  # pragma: no cover
+            if not self.connected_event.wait(timeout=timeout):  # pragma: no cover
                 raise TimeoutError()
             if not self.connected:
                 raise DisconnectedError()
diff --git a/src/socketio/tornado.py b/src/socketio/tornado.py
index 5b2e6f6..7d69ff8 100644
--- a/src/socketio/tornado.py
+++ b/src/socketio/tornado.py
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import sys
+
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 5):
     try:
-        from engineio.async_drivers.tornado import get_tornado_handler as \
-            get_engineio_handler
+        from engineio.async_drivers.tornado import (
+            get_tornado_handler as get_engineio_handler,
+        )
     except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
         get_engineio_handler = None
 
diff --git a/src/socketio/zmq_manager.py b/src/socketio/zmq_manager.py
index 760fbc3..82ab282 100644
--- a/src/socketio/zmq_manager.py
+++ b/src/socketio/zmq_manager.py
@@ -40,33 +40,39 @@ class ZmqManager(PubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
         while True:
             publisher.send(receiver.recv())
     """
-    name = 'zmq'
 
-    def __init__(self, url='zmq+tcp://localhost:5555+5556',
-                 channel='socketio',
-                 write_only=False,
-                 logger=None):
+    name = "zmq"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url="zmq+tcp://localhost:5555+5556",
+        channel="socketio",
+        write_only=False,
+        logger=None,
+    ):
         try:
             from eventlet.green import zmq
         except ImportError:
-            raise RuntimeError('zmq package is not installed '
-                               '(Run "pip install pyzmq" in your '
-                               'virtualenv).')
-
-        r = re.compile(r':\d+\+\d+$')
-        if not (url.startswith('zmq+tcp://') and r.search(url)):
-            raise RuntimeError('unexpected connection string: ' + url)
-
-        url = url.replace('zmq+', '')
-        (sink_url, sub_port) = url.split('+')
-        sink_port = sink_url.split(':')[-1]
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "zmq package is not installed "
+                '(Run "pip install pyzmq" in your '
+                "virtualenv)."
+            )
+
+        r = re.compile(r":\d+\+\d+$")
+        if not (url.startswith("zmq+tcp://") and r.search(url)):
+            raise RuntimeError("unexpected connection string: " + url)
+
+        url = url.replace("zmq+", "")
+        (sink_url, sub_port) = url.split("+")
+        sink_port = sink_url.split(":")[-1]
         sub_url = sink_url.replace(sink_port, sub_port)
 
         sink = zmq.Context().socket(zmq.PUSH)
         sink.connect(sink_url)
 
         sub = zmq.Context().socket(zmq.SUB)
-        sub.setsockopt_string(zmq.SUBSCRIBE, u'')
+        sub.setsockopt_string(zmq.SUBSCRIBE, "")
         sub.connect(sub_url)
 
         self.sink = sink
@@ -76,11 +82,7 @@ class ZmqManager(PubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
 
     def _publish(self, data):
         pickled_data = pickle.dumps(
-            {
-                'type': 'message',
-                'channel': self.channel,
-                'data': data
-            }
+            {"type": "message", "channel": self.channel, "data": data}
         )
         return self.sink.send(pickled_data)
 
@@ -97,9 +99,11 @@ class ZmqManager(PubSubManager):  # pragma: no cover
                     message = pickle.loads(message)
                 except Exception:
                     pass
-            if isinstance(message, dict) and \
-                    message['type'] == 'message' and \
-                    message['channel'] == self.channel and \
-                    'data' in message:
-                yield message['data']
+            if (
+                isinstance(message, dict)
+                and message["type"] == "message"
+                and message["channel"] == self.channel
+                and "data" in message
+            ):
+                yield message["data"]
         return
diff --git a/tests/async/test_admin.py b/tests/async/test_admin.py
index 95b8fef..4603769 100644
--- a/tests/async/test_admin.py
+++ b/tests/async/test_admin.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import time
 from unittest import mock
 import unittest
 import pytest
+
 try:
     from engineio.async_socket import AsyncSocket as EngineIOSocket
 except ImportError:
@@ -20,10 +21,11 @@ def with_instrumented_server(auth=False, **ikwargs):
     Admin UI project. The arguments passed to the decorator are passed directly
     to the ``instrument()`` method of the server.
     """
+
     def decorator(f):
         @wraps(f)
         def wrapped(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode='asgi')
+            sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="asgi")
 
             @sio.event
             async def enter_room(sid, data):
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ def with_instrumented_server(auth=False, **ikwargs):
             async def emit(sid, event):
                 await sio.emit(event, skip_sid=sid)
 
-            @sio.event(namespace='/foo')
+            @sio.event(namespace="/foo")
             def connect(sid, environ, auth):
                 pass
 
@@ -41,8 +43,8 @@ def with_instrumented_server(auth=False, **ikwargs):
                 await instrumented_server.shutdown()
                 await sio.shutdown()
 
-            if 'server_stats_interval' not in ikwargs:
-                ikwargs['server_stats_interval'] = 0.25
+            if "server_stats_interval" not in ikwargs:
+                ikwargs["server_stats_interval"] = 0.25
 
             instrumented_server = sio.instrument(auth=auth, **ikwargs)
             server = SocketIOWebServer(sio, on_shutdown=shutdown)
@@ -68,107 +70,115 @@ def with_instrumented_server(auth=False, **ikwargs):
             # logging.getLogger('socketio.client').setLevel(logging.NOTSET)
 
             return ret
+
         return wrapped
+
     return decorator
 
 
 def _custom_auth(auth):
-    return auth == {'foo': 'bar'}
+    return auth == {"foo": "bar"}
 
 
 async def _async_custom_auth(auth):
-    return auth == {'foo': 'bar'}
+    return auth == {"foo": "bar"}
 
 
 class TestAsyncAdmin(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
-        print('threads at start:', threading.enumerate())
+        print("threads at start:", threading.enumerate())
         self.thread_count = threading.active_count()
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        print('threads at end:', threading.enumerate())
+        print("threads at end:", threading.enumerate())
         assert self.thread_count == threading.active_count()
 
     def test_missing_auth(self):
-        sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode='asgi')
+        sio = socketio.AsyncServer(async_mode="asgi")
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             sio.instrument()
 
     @with_instrumented_server(auth=False)
     def test_admin_connect_with_no_auth(self, isvr):
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin')
+            admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin',
-                                 auth={'foo': 'bar'})
+            admin_client.connect(
+                "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "bar"}
+            )
 
-    @with_instrumented_server(auth={'foo': 'bar'})
+    @with_instrumented_server(auth={"foo": "bar"})
     def test_admin_connect_with_dict_auth(self, isvr):
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin',
-                                 auth={'foo': 'bar'})
+            admin_client.connect(
+                "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "bar"}
+            )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
             with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
                 admin_client.connect(
-                    'http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin',
-                    auth={'foo': 'baz'})
+                    "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "baz"}
+                )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
             with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
-                admin_client.connect(
-                    'http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin')
+                admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
 
-    @with_instrumented_server(auth=[{'foo': 'bar'},
-                                    {'u': 'admin', 'p': 'secret'}])
+    @with_instrumented_server(auth=[{"foo": "bar"}, {"u": "admin", "p": "secret"}])
     def test_admin_connect_with_list_auth(self, isvr):
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin',
-                                 auth={'foo': 'bar'})
+            admin_client.connect(
+                "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "bar"}
+            )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin',
-                                 auth={'u': 'admin', 'p': 'secret'})
+            admin_client.connect(
+                "http://localhost:8900",
+                namespace="/admin",
+                auth={"u": "admin", "p": "secret"},
+            )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
             with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
-                admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900',
-                                     namespace='/admin', auth={'foo': 'baz'})
+                admin_client.connect(
+                    "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "baz"}
+                )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
             with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
-                admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900',
-                                     namespace='/admin')
+                admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
 
     @with_instrumented_server(auth=_custom_auth)
     def test_admin_connect_with_function_auth(self, isvr):
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin',
-                                 auth={'foo': 'bar'})
+            admin_client.connect(
+                "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "bar"}
+            )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
             with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
-                admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900',
-                                     namespace='/admin', auth={'foo': 'baz'})
+                admin_client.connect(
+                    "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "baz"}
+                )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
             with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
-                admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900',
-                                     namespace='/admin')
+                admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
 
     @with_instrumented_server(auth=_async_custom_auth)
     def test_admin_connect_with_async_function_auth(self, isvr):
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin',
-                                 auth={'foo': 'bar'})
+            admin_client.connect(
+                "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "bar"}
+            )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
             with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
-                admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900',
-                                     namespace='/admin', auth={'foo': 'baz'})
+                admin_client.connect(
+                    "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "baz"}
+                )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
             with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
-                admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900',
-                                     namespace='/admin')
+                admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
 
     @with_instrumented_server()
     def test_admin_connect_only_admin(self, isvr):
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin')
+            admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
             sid = admin_client.sid
-            expected = ['config', 'all_sockets', 'server_stats']
+            expected = ["config", "all_sockets", "server_stats"]
             events = {}
             while expected:
                 data = admin_client.receive(timeout=5)
@@ -176,46 +186,45 @@ class TestAsyncAdmin(unittest.TestCase):
                     events[data[0]] = data[1]
                     expected.remove(data[0])
 
-        assert 'supportedFeatures' in events['config']
-        assert 'ALL_EVENTS' in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert 'AGGREGATED_EVENTS' in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert 'EMIT' in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert len(events['all_sockets']) == 1
-        assert events['all_sockets'][0]['id'] == sid
-        assert events['all_sockets'][0]['rooms'] == [sid]
-        assert events['server_stats']['clientsCount'] == 1
-        assert events['server_stats']['pollingClientsCount'] == 0
-        assert len(events['server_stats']['namespaces']) == 3
-        assert {'name': '/', 'socketsCount': 0} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
-        assert {'name': '/foo', 'socketsCount': 0} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
-        assert {'name': '/admin', 'socketsCount': 1} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
+        assert "supportedFeatures" in events["config"]
+        assert "ALL_EVENTS" in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert "AGGREGATED_EVENTS" in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert "EMIT" in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert len(events["all_sockets"]) == 1
+        assert events["all_sockets"][0]["id"] == sid
+        assert events["all_sockets"][0]["rooms"] == [sid]
+        assert events["server_stats"]["clientsCount"] == 1
+        assert events["server_stats"]["pollingClientsCount"] == 0
+        assert len(events["server_stats"]["namespaces"]) == 3
+        assert {"name": "/", "socketsCount": 0} in events["server_stats"]["namespaces"]
+        assert {"name": "/foo", "socketsCount": 0} in events["server_stats"][
+            "namespaces"
+        ]
+        assert {"name": "/admin", "socketsCount": 1} in events["server_stats"][
+            "namespaces"
+        ]
 
     @with_instrumented_server()
     def test_admin_connect_with_others(self, isvr):
-        with socketio.SimpleClient() as client1, \
-                socketio.SimpleClient() as client2, \
-                socketio.SimpleClient() as client3, \
-                socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            client1.connect('http://localhost:8900')
-            client1.emit('enter_room', 'room')
+        with socketio.SimpleClient() as client1, socketio.SimpleClient() as client2, socketio.SimpleClient() as client3, socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
+            client1.connect("http://localhost:8900")
+            client1.emit("enter_room", "room")
             sid1 = client1.sid
 
             saved_check_for_upgrade = isvr._check_for_upgrade
             isvr._check_for_upgrade = AsyncMock()
-            client2.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/foo',
-                            transports=['polling'])
+            client2.connect(
+                "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/foo", transports=["polling"]
+            )
             sid2 = client2.sid
             isvr._check_for_upgrade = saved_check_for_upgrade
 
-            client3.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin')
+            client3.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
             sid3 = client3.sid
 
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin')
+            admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
             sid = admin_client.sid
-            expected = ['config', 'all_sockets', 'server_stats']
+            expected = ["config", "all_sockets", "server_stats"]
             events = {}
             while expected:
                 data = admin_client.receive(timeout=5)
@@ -223,36 +232,37 @@ class TestAsyncAdmin(unittest.TestCase):
                     events[data[0]] = data[1]
                     expected.remove(data[0])
 
-        assert 'supportedFeatures' in events['config']
-        assert 'ALL_EVENTS' in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert 'AGGREGATED_EVENTS' in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert 'EMIT' in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert len(events['all_sockets']) == 4
-        assert events['server_stats']['clientsCount'] == 4
-        assert events['server_stats']['pollingClientsCount'] == 1
-        assert len(events['server_stats']['namespaces']) == 3
-        assert {'name': '/', 'socketsCount': 1} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
-        assert {'name': '/foo', 'socketsCount': 1} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
-        assert {'name': '/admin', 'socketsCount': 2} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
-
-        for socket in events['all_sockets']:
-            if socket['id'] == sid:
-                assert socket['rooms'] == [sid]
-            elif socket['id'] == sid1:
-                assert socket['rooms'] == [sid1, 'room']
-            elif socket['id'] == sid2:
-                assert socket['rooms'] == [sid2]
-            elif socket['id'] == sid3:
-                assert socket['rooms'] == [sid3]
-
-    @with_instrumented_server(mode='production', read_only=True)
+        assert "supportedFeatures" in events["config"]
+        assert "ALL_EVENTS" in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert "AGGREGATED_EVENTS" in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert "EMIT" in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert len(events["all_sockets"]) == 4
+        assert events["server_stats"]["clientsCount"] == 4
+        assert events["server_stats"]["pollingClientsCount"] == 1
+        assert len(events["server_stats"]["namespaces"]) == 3
+        assert {"name": "/", "socketsCount": 1} in events["server_stats"]["namespaces"]
+        assert {"name": "/foo", "socketsCount": 1} in events["server_stats"][
+            "namespaces"
+        ]
+        assert {"name": "/admin", "socketsCount": 2} in events["server_stats"][
+            "namespaces"
+        ]
+
+        for socket in events["all_sockets"]:
+            if socket["id"] == sid:
+                assert socket["rooms"] == [sid]
+            elif socket["id"] == sid1:
+                assert socket["rooms"] == [sid1, "room"]
+            elif socket["id"] == sid2:
+                assert socket["rooms"] == [sid2]
+            elif socket["id"] == sid3:
+                assert socket["rooms"] == [sid3]
+
+    @with_instrumented_server(mode="production", read_only=True)
     def test_admin_connect_production(self, isvr):
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin')
-            expected = ['config', 'server_stats']
+            admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
+            expected = ["config", "server_stats"]
             events = {}
             while expected:
                 data = admin_client.receive(timeout=5)
@@ -260,50 +270,49 @@ class TestAsyncAdmin(unittest.TestCase):
                     events[data[0]] = data[1]
                     expected.remove(data[0])
 
-        assert 'supportedFeatures' in events['config']
-        assert 'ALL_EVENTS' not in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert 'AGGREGATED_EVENTS' in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert 'EMIT' not in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert events['server_stats']['clientsCount'] == 1
-        assert events['server_stats']['pollingClientsCount'] == 0
-        assert len(events['server_stats']['namespaces']) == 3
-        assert {'name': '/', 'socketsCount': 0} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
-        assert {'name': '/foo', 'socketsCount': 0} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
-        assert {'name': '/admin', 'socketsCount': 1} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
+        assert "supportedFeatures" in events["config"]
+        assert "ALL_EVENTS" not in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert "AGGREGATED_EVENTS" in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert "EMIT" not in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert events["server_stats"]["clientsCount"] == 1
+        assert events["server_stats"]["pollingClientsCount"] == 0
+        assert len(events["server_stats"]["namespaces"]) == 3
+        assert {"name": "/", "socketsCount": 0} in events["server_stats"]["namespaces"]
+        assert {"name": "/foo", "socketsCount": 0} in events["server_stats"][
+            "namespaces"
+        ]
+        assert {"name": "/admin", "socketsCount": 1} in events["server_stats"][
+            "namespaces"
+        ]
 
     @with_instrumented_server()
     def test_admin_features(self, isvr):
-        with socketio.SimpleClient() as client1, \
-                socketio.SimpleClient() as client2, \
-                socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            client1.connect('http://localhost:8900')
-            client2.connect('http://localhost:8900')
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin')
+        with socketio.SimpleClient() as client1, socketio.SimpleClient() as client2, socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
+            client1.connect("http://localhost:8900")
+            client2.connect("http://localhost:8900")
+            admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
 
             # emit from admin
             admin_client.emit(
-                'emit', ('/', client1.sid, 'foo', {'bar': 'baz'}, 'extra'))
+                "emit", ("/", client1.sid, "foo", {"bar": "baz"}, "extra")
+            )
             data = client1.receive(timeout=5)
-            assert data == ['foo', {'bar': 'baz'}, 'extra']
+            assert data == ["foo", {"bar": "baz"}, "extra"]
 
             # emit from regular client
-            client1.emit('emit', 'foo')
+            client1.emit("emit", "foo")
             data = client2.receive(timeout=5)
-            assert data == ['foo']
+            assert data == ["foo"]
 
             # join and leave
-            admin_client.emit('join', ('/', 'room', client1.sid))
-            admin_client.emit(
-                'emit', ('/', 'room', 'foo', {'bar': 'baz'}))
+            admin_client.emit("join", ("/", "room", client1.sid))
+            admin_client.emit("emit", ("/", "room", "foo", {"bar": "baz"}))
             data = client1.receive(timeout=5)
-            assert data == ['foo', {'bar': 'baz'}]
-            admin_client.emit('leave', ('/', 'room'))
+            assert data == ["foo", {"bar": "baz"}]
+            admin_client.emit("leave", ("/", "room"))
 
             # disconnect
-            admin_client.emit('_disconnect', ('/', False, client1.sid))
+            admin_client.emit("_disconnect", ("/", False, client1.sid))
             for _ in range(10):
                 if not client1.connected:
                     break
diff --git a/tests/async/test_client.py b/tests/async/test_client.py
index 548b71c..654ca0e 100644
--- a/tests/async/test_client.py
+++ b/tests/async/test_client.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from socketio import packet
 from .helpers import AsyncMock, _run
 
 
-@unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info < (3, 5), 'only for Python 3.5+')
+@unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info < (3, 5), "only for Python 3.5+")
 class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_is_asyncio_based(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
@@ -24,50 +24,50 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c.eio.connect = AsyncMock()
         _run(
             c.connect(
-                'url',
-                headers='headers',
-                auth='auth',
-                transports='transports',
-                namespaces=['/foo', '/', '/bar'],
-                socketio_path='path',
+                "url",
+                headers="headers",
+                auth="auth",
+                transports="transports",
+                namespaces=["/foo", "/", "/bar"],
+                socketio_path="path",
                 wait=False,
             )
         )
-        assert c.connection_url == 'url'
-        assert c.connection_headers == 'headers'
-        assert c.connection_auth == 'auth'
-        assert c.connection_transports == 'transports'
-        assert c.connection_namespaces == ['/foo', '/', '/bar']
-        assert c.socketio_path == 'path'
+        assert c.connection_url == "url"
+        assert c.connection_headers == "headers"
+        assert c.connection_auth == "auth"
+        assert c.connection_transports == "transports"
+        assert c.connection_namespaces == ["/foo", "/", "/bar"]
+        assert c.socketio_path == "path"
         c.eio.connect.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'url',
-            headers='headers',
-            transports='transports',
-            engineio_path='path',
+            "url",
+            headers="headers",
+            transports="transports",
+            engineio_path="path",
         )
 
     def test_connect_functions(self):
         async def headers():
-            return 'headers'
+            return "headers"
 
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.eio.connect = AsyncMock()
         _run(
             c.connect(
-                lambda: 'url',
+                lambda: "url",
                 headers=headers,
-                auth='auth',
-                transports='transports',
-                namespaces=['/foo', '/', '/bar'],
-                socketio_path='path',
+                auth="auth",
+                transports="transports",
+                namespaces=["/foo", "/", "/bar"],
+                socketio_path="path",
                 wait=False,
             )
         )
         c.eio.connect.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'url',
-            headers='headers',
-            transports='transports',
-            engineio_path='path',
+            "url",
+            headers="headers",
+            transports="transports",
+            engineio_path="path",
         )
 
     def test_connect_one_namespace(self):
@@ -75,51 +75,53 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c.eio.connect = AsyncMock()
         _run(
             c.connect(
-                'url',
-                headers='headers',
-                transports='transports',
-                namespaces='/foo',
-                socketio_path='path',
+                "url",
+                headers="headers",
+                transports="transports",
+                namespaces="/foo",
+                socketio_path="path",
                 wait=False,
             )
         )
-        assert c.connection_url == 'url'
-        assert c.connection_headers == 'headers'
-        assert c.connection_transports == 'transports'
-        assert c.connection_namespaces == ['/foo']
-        assert c.socketio_path == 'path'
+        assert c.connection_url == "url"
+        assert c.connection_headers == "headers"
+        assert c.connection_transports == "transports"
+        assert c.connection_namespaces == ["/foo"]
+        assert c.socketio_path == "path"
         c.eio.connect.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'url',
-            headers='headers',
-            transports='transports',
-            engineio_path='path',
+            "url",
+            headers="headers",
+            transports="transports",
+            engineio_path="path",
         )
 
     def test_connect_default_namespaces(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.eio.connect = AsyncMock()
-        c.on('foo', mock.MagicMock(), namespace='/foo')
-        c.on('bar', mock.MagicMock(), namespace='/')
+        c.on("foo", mock.MagicMock(), namespace="/foo")
+        c.on("bar", mock.MagicMock(), namespace="/")
         _run(
             c.connect(
-                'url',
-                headers='headers',
-                transports='transports',
-                socketio_path='path',
+                "url",
+                headers="headers",
+                transports="transports",
+                socketio_path="path",
                 wait=False,
             )
         )
-        assert c.connection_url == 'url'
-        assert c.connection_headers == 'headers'
-        assert c.connection_transports == 'transports'
-        assert c.connection_namespaces == ['/', '/foo'] or \
-            c.connection_namespaces == ['/foo', '/']
-        assert c.socketio_path == 'path'
+        assert c.connection_url == "url"
+        assert c.connection_headers == "headers"
+        assert c.connection_transports == "transports"
+        assert c.connection_namespaces == ["/", "/foo"] or c.connection_namespaces == [
+            "/foo",
+            "/",
+        ]
+        assert c.socketio_path == "path"
         c.eio.connect.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'url',
-            headers='headers',
-            transports='transports',
-            engineio_path='path',
+            "url",
+            headers="headers",
+            transports="transports",
+            engineio_path="path",
         )
 
     def test_connect_no_namespaces(self):
@@ -127,39 +129,39 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c.eio.connect = AsyncMock()
         _run(
             c.connect(
-                'url',
-                headers='headers',
-                transports='transports',
-                socketio_path='path',
+                "url",
+                headers="headers",
+                transports="transports",
+                socketio_path="path",
                 wait=False,
             )
         )
-        assert c.connection_url == 'url'
-        assert c.connection_headers == 'headers'
-        assert c.connection_transports == 'transports'
-        assert c.connection_namespaces == ['/']
-        assert c.socketio_path == 'path'
+        assert c.connection_url == "url"
+        assert c.connection_headers == "headers"
+        assert c.connection_transports == "transports"
+        assert c.connection_namespaces == ["/"]
+        assert c.socketio_path == "path"
         c.eio.connect.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'url',
-            headers='headers',
-            transports='transports',
-            engineio_path='path',
+            "url",
+            headers="headers",
+            transports="transports",
+            engineio_path="path",
         )
 
     def test_connect_error(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.eio.connect = AsyncMock(
-            side_effect=engineio_exceptions.ConnectionError('foo')
+            side_effect=engineio_exceptions.ConnectionError("foo")
         )
-        c.on('foo', mock.MagicMock(), namespace='/foo')
-        c.on('bar', mock.MagicMock(), namespace='/')
+        c.on("foo", mock.MagicMock(), namespace="/foo")
+        c.on("bar", mock.MagicMock(), namespace="/")
         with pytest.raises(exceptions.ConnectionError):
             _run(
                 c.connect(
-                    'url',
-                    headers='headers',
-                    transports='transports',
-                    socketio_path='path',
+                    "url",
+                    headers="headers",
+                    transports="transports",
+                    socketio_path="path",
                     wait=False,
                 )
             )
@@ -169,14 +171,14 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c.eio.connect = AsyncMock()
         _run(
             c.connect(
-                'url',
+                "url",
                 wait=False,
             )
         )
         with pytest.raises(exceptions.ConnectionError):
             _run(
                 c.connect(
-                    'url',
+                    "url",
                     wait=False,
                 )
             )
@@ -187,13 +189,13 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
 
         async def mock_connect():
-            c.namespaces = {'/': '123'}
+            c.namespaces = {"/": "123"}
             return True
 
         c._connect_event.wait = mock_connect
         _run(
             c.connect(
-                'url',
+                "url",
                 wait=True,
                 wait_timeout=0.01,
             )
@@ -207,24 +209,24 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
         async def mock_connect():
             if c.namespaces == {}:
-                c.namespaces = {'/bar': '123'}
+                c.namespaces = {"/bar": "123"}
                 return True
-            elif c.namespaces == {'/bar': '123'}:
-                c.namespaces = {'/bar': '123', '/foo': '456'}
+            elif c.namespaces == {"/bar": "123"}:
+                c.namespaces = {"/bar": "123", "/foo": "456"}
                 return True
             return False
 
         c._connect_event.wait = mock_connect
         _run(
             c.connect(
-                'url',
-                namespaces=['/foo', '/bar'],
+                "url",
+                namespaces=["/foo", "/bar"],
                 wait=True,
                 wait_timeout=0.01,
             )
         )
         assert c.connected is True
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/bar': '123', '/foo': '456'}
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/bar": "123", "/foo": "456"}
 
     def test_connect_timeout(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
@@ -233,7 +235,7 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
         with pytest.raises(exceptions.ConnectionError):
             _run(
                 c.connect(
-                    'url',
+                    "url",
                     wait=True,
                     wait_timeout=0.01,
                 )
@@ -253,7 +255,7 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.eio.wait = AsyncMock()
         c.sleep = AsyncMock()
-        states = ['disconnected']
+        states = ["disconnected"]
 
         async def fake_wait():
             c.eio.state = states.pop(0)
@@ -267,7 +269,7 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.eio.wait = AsyncMock()
         c.sleep = AsyncMock()
-        states = ['connected', 'disconnected']
+        states = ["connected", "disconnected"]
 
         async def fake_wait():
             c.eio.state = states.pop(0)
@@ -280,11 +282,12 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_emit_no_arguments(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c.emit('foo'))
+        _run(c.emit("foo"))
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, namespace='/', data=['foo'], id=None)
+            packet.EVENT, namespace="/", data=["foo"], id=None
+        )
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
@@ -293,13 +296,13 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_emit_one_argument(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c.emit('foo', 'bar'))
+        _run(c.emit("foo", "bar"))
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
             packet.EVENT,
-            namespace='/',
-            data=['foo', 'bar'],
+            namespace="/",
+            data=["foo", "bar"],
             id=None,
         )
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
@@ -310,13 +313,13 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_emit_one_argument_list(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c.emit('foo', ['bar', 'baz']))
+        _run(c.emit("foo", ["bar", "baz"]))
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
             packet.EVENT,
-            namespace='/',
-            data=['foo', ['bar', 'baz']],
+            namespace="/",
+            data=["foo", ["bar", "baz"]],
             id=None,
         )
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
@@ -327,13 +330,13 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_emit_two_arguments(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c.emit('foo', ('bar', 'baz')))
+        _run(c.emit("foo", ("bar", "baz")))
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
             packet.EVENT,
-            namespace='/',
-            data=['foo', 'bar', 'baz'],
+            namespace="/",
+            data=["foo", "bar", "baz"],
             id=None,
         )
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
@@ -344,11 +347,12 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_emit_namespace(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1"}
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c.emit('foo', namespace='/foo'))
+        _run(c.emit("foo", namespace="/foo"))
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, namespace='/foo', data=['foo'], id=None)
+            packet.EVENT, namespace="/foo", data=["foo"], id=None
+        )
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
@@ -357,49 +361,51 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_emit_unknown_namespace(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1"}
         with pytest.raises(exceptions.BadNamespaceError):
-            _run(c.emit('foo', namespace='/bar'))
+            _run(c.emit("foo", namespace="/bar"))
 
     def test_emit_with_callback(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
         c._generate_ack_id = mock.MagicMock(return_value=123)
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
-        _run(c.emit('foo', callback='cb'))
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
+        _run(c.emit("foo", callback="cb"))
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, namespace='/', data=['foo'], id=123)
+            packet.EVENT, namespace="/", data=["foo"], id=123
+        )
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
             == expected_packet.encode()
         )
-        c._generate_ack_id.assert_called_once_with('/', 'cb')
+        c._generate_ack_id.assert_called_once_with("/", "cb")
 
     def test_emit_namespace_with_callback(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1"}
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
         c._generate_ack_id = mock.MagicMock(return_value=123)
-        _run(c.emit('foo', namespace='/foo', callback='cb'))
+        _run(c.emit("foo", namespace="/foo", callback="cb"))
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, namespace='/foo', data=['foo'], id=123)
+            packet.EVENT, namespace="/foo", data=["foo"], id=123
+        )
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
             == expected_packet.encode()
         )
-        c._generate_ack_id.assert_called_once_with('/foo', 'cb')
+        c._generate_ack_id.assert_called_once_with("/foo", "cb")
 
     def test_emit_binary(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c.emit('foo', b'bar'))
+        _run(c.emit("foo", b"bar"))
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
             packet.EVENT,
-            namespace='/',
-            data=['foo', b'bar'],
+            namespace="/",
+            data=["foo", b"bar"],
             id=None,
         )
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
@@ -410,13 +416,13 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_emit_not_binary(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c.emit('foo', 'bar'))
+        _run(c.emit("foo", "bar"))
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
             packet.EVENT,
-            namespace='/',
-            data=['foo', 'bar'],
+            namespace="/",
+            data=["foo", "bar"],
             id=None,
         )
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
@@ -428,33 +434,34 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_send(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.emit = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c.send('data', 'namespace', 'callback'))
+        _run(c.send("data", "namespace", "callback"))
         c.emit.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'message', data='data', namespace='namespace', callback='callback'
+            "message", data="data", namespace="namespace", callback="callback"
         )
 
     def test_send_with_defaults(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.emit = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c.send('data'))
+        _run(c.send("data"))
         c.emit.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'message', data='data', namespace=None, callback=None
+            "message", data="data", namespace=None, callback=None
         )
 
     def test_call(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
 
         async def fake_event_wait():
-            c._generate_ack_id.call_args_list[0][0][1]('foo', 321)
+            c._generate_ack_id.call_args_list[0][0][1]("foo", 321)
 
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
         c._generate_ack_id = mock.MagicMock(return_value=123)
         c.eio = mock.MagicMock()
         c.eio.create_event.return_value.wait = fake_event_wait
-        assert _run(c.call('foo')) == ('foo', 321)
+        assert _run(c.call("foo")) == ("foo", 321)
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, namespace='/', data=['foo'], id=123)
+            packet.EVENT, namespace="/", data=["foo"], id=123
+        )
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
@@ -463,7 +470,7 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_call_with_timeout(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
 
         async def fake_event_wait():
             await asyncio.sleep(1)
@@ -473,9 +480,10 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c.eio = mock.MagicMock()
         c.eio.create_event.return_value.wait = fake_event_wait
         with pytest.raises(exceptions.TimeoutError):
-            _run(c.call('foo', timeout=0.01))
+            _run(c.call("foo", timeout=0.01))
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, namespace='/', data=['foo'], id=123)
+            packet.EVENT, namespace="/", data=["foo"], id=123
+        )
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
@@ -485,17 +493,17 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_disconnect(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
         c.eio = mock.MagicMock()
         c.eio.disconnect = AsyncMock()
-        c.eio.state = 'connected'
+        c.eio.state = "connected"
         _run(c.disconnect())
         assert c.connected
         assert c._trigger_event.mock.call_count == 0
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace='/')
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace="/")
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
             == expected_packet.encode()
@@ -504,21 +512,21 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_disconnect_namespaces(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
         c.eio = mock.MagicMock()
         c.eio.disconnect = AsyncMock()
-        c.eio.state = 'connected'
+        c.eio.state = "connected"
         _run(c.disconnect())
         assert c._trigger_event.mock.call_count == 0
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 2
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace='/foo')
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace="/foo")
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
             == expected_packet.encode()
         )
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace='/bar')
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace="/bar")
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][0].encode()
             == expected_packet.encode()
@@ -526,11 +534,9 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_start_background_task(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.eio.start_background_task = mock.MagicMock(return_value='foo')
-        assert c.start_background_task('foo', 'bar', baz='baz') == 'foo'
-        c.eio.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with(
-            'foo', 'bar', baz='baz'
-        )
+        c.eio.start_background_task = mock.MagicMock(return_value="foo")
+        assert c.start_background_task("foo", "bar", baz="baz") == "foo"
+        c.eio.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with("foo", "bar", baz="baz")
 
     def test_sleep(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
@@ -541,25 +547,25 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_send_packet(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.eio.send = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._send_packet(packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, 'foo')))
+        _run(c._send_packet(packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, "foo")))
         c.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with('2"foo"')
 
     def test_send_packet_binary(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.eio.send = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._send_packet(packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, b'foo')))
+        _run(c._send_packet(packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, b"foo")))
         assert c.eio.send.mock.call_args_list == [
             mock.call('51-{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}'),
-            mock.call(b'foo'),
+            mock.call(b"foo"),
         ] or c.eio.send.mock.call_args_list == [
             mock.call('51-{"num":0,"_placeholder":true}'),
-            mock.call(b'foo'),
+            mock.call(b"foo"),
         ]
 
     def test_send_packet_default_binary(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.eio.send = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._send_packet(packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, 'foo')))
+        _run(c._send_packet(packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, "foo")))
         c.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with('2"foo"')
 
     def test_handle_connect(self):
@@ -567,121 +573,98 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._handle_connect('/', {'sid': '123'}))
+        _run(c._handle_connect("/", {"sid": "123"}))
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with('connect', namespace='/')
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with("connect", namespace="/")
         c._send_packet.mock.assert_not_called()
 
     def test_handle_connect_with_namespaces(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._handle_connect('/', {'sid': '3'}))
+        _run(c._handle_connect("/", {"sid": "3"}))
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with('connect', namespace='/')
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/': '3', '/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with("connect", namespace="/")
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/": "3", "/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_namespace(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1"}
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._handle_connect('/foo', {'sid': '123'}))
-        _run(c._handle_connect('/bar', {'sid': '2'}))
+        _run(c._handle_connect("/foo", {"sid": "123"}))
+        _run(c._handle_connect("/bar", {"sid": "2"}))
         assert c._trigger_event.mock.call_count == 1
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'connect', namespace='/bar')
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with("connect", namespace="/bar")
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
 
     def test_handle_disconnect(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.connected = True
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._handle_disconnect('/'))
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call(
-            'disconnect', namespace='/'
-        )
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call(
-            '__disconnect_final', namespace='/'
-        )
+        _run(c._handle_disconnect("/"))
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/")
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call("__disconnect_final", namespace="/")
         assert not c.connected
-        _run(c._handle_disconnect('/'))
+        _run(c._handle_disconnect("/"))
         assert c._trigger_event.mock.call_count == 2
 
     def test_handle_disconnect_namespace(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._handle_disconnect('/foo'))
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call(
-            'disconnect', namespace='/foo'
-        )
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call(
-            '__disconnect_final', namespace='/foo'
-        )
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/bar': '2'}
+        _run(c._handle_disconnect("/foo"))
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/foo")
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call("__disconnect_final", namespace="/foo")
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/bar": "2"}
         assert c.connected
-        _run(c._handle_disconnect('/bar'))
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call(
-            'disconnect', namespace='/bar'
-        )
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call(
-            '__disconnect_final', namespace='/bar'
-        )
+        _run(c._handle_disconnect("/bar"))
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/bar")
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call("__disconnect_final", namespace="/bar")
         assert c.namespaces == {}
         assert not c.connected
 
     def test_handle_disconnect_unknown_namespace(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._handle_disconnect('/baz'))
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call(
-            'disconnect', namespace='/baz'
-        )
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call(
-            '__disconnect_final', namespace='/baz'
-        )
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        _run(c._handle_disconnect("/baz"))
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/baz")
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call("__disconnect_final", namespace="/baz")
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         assert c.connected
 
     def test_handle_disconnect_default_namespaces(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._handle_disconnect('/'))
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call('disconnect', namespace='/')
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call('__disconnect_final',
-                                              namespace='/')
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        _run(c._handle_disconnect("/"))
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/")
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call("__disconnect_final", namespace="/")
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         assert c.connected
 
     def test_handle_event(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._handle_event('/', None, ['foo', ('bar', 'baz')]))
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'foo', '/', ('bar', 'baz')
-        )
+        _run(c._handle_event("/", None, ["foo", ("bar", "baz")]))
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with("foo", "/", ("bar", "baz"))
 
     def test_handle_event_with_id_no_arguments(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._handle_event('/', 123, ['foo', ('bar', 'baz')]))
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'foo', '/', ('bar', 'baz')
-        )
+        _run(c._handle_event("/", 123, ["foo", ("bar", "baz")]))
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with("foo", "/", ("bar", "baz"))
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.ACK, namespace='/', id=123, data=[])
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.ACK, namespace="/", id=123, data=[])
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
             == expected_packet.encode()
@@ -689,15 +672,12 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_handle_event_with_id_one_argument(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c._trigger_event = AsyncMock(return_value='ret')
+        c._trigger_event = AsyncMock(return_value="ret")
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._handle_event('/', 123, ['foo', ('bar', 'baz')]))
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'foo', '/', ('bar', 'baz')
-        )
+        _run(c._handle_event("/", 123, ["foo", ("bar", "baz")]))
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with("foo", "/", ("bar", "baz"))
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.ACK, namespace='/', id=123, data=['ret'])
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.ACK, namespace="/", id=123, data=["ret"])
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
             == expected_packet.encode()
@@ -705,15 +685,14 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_handle_event_with_id_one_list_argument(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c._trigger_event = AsyncMock(return_value=['a', 'b'])
+        c._trigger_event = AsyncMock(return_value=["a", "b"])
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._handle_event('/', 123, ['foo', ('bar', 'baz')]))
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'foo', '/', ('bar', 'baz')
-        )
+        _run(c._handle_event("/", 123, ["foo", ("bar", "baz")]))
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with("foo", "/", ("bar", "baz"))
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.ACK, namespace='/', id=123, data=[['a', 'b']])
+            packet.ACK, namespace="/", id=123, data=[["a", "b"]]
+        )
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
             == expected_packet.encode()
@@ -721,15 +700,14 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_handle_event_with_id_two_arguments(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c._trigger_event = AsyncMock(return_value=('a', 'b'))
+        c._trigger_event = AsyncMock(return_value=("a", "b"))
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._handle_event('/', 123, ['foo', ('bar', 'baz')]))
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'foo', '/', ('bar', 'baz')
-        )
+        _run(c._handle_event("/", 123, ["foo", ("bar", "baz")]))
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with("foo", "/", ("bar", "baz"))
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.ACK, namespace='/', id=123, data=['a', 'b'])
+            packet.ACK, namespace="/", id=123, data=["a", "b"]
+        )
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
             == expected_packet.encode()
@@ -738,86 +716,84 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_handle_ack(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         mock_cb = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.callbacks['/foo'] = {123: mock_cb}
-        _run(c._handle_ack('/foo', 123, ['bar', 'baz']))
-        mock_cb.assert_called_once_with('bar', 'baz')
-        assert 123 not in c.callbacks['/foo']
+        c.callbacks["/foo"] = {123: mock_cb}
+        _run(c._handle_ack("/foo", 123, ["bar", "baz"]))
+        mock_cb.assert_called_once_with("bar", "baz")
+        assert 123 not in c.callbacks["/foo"]
 
     def test_handle_ack_async(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         mock_cb = AsyncMock()
-        c.callbacks['/foo'] = {123: mock_cb}
-        _run(c._handle_ack('/foo', 123, ['bar', 'baz']))
-        mock_cb.mock.assert_called_once_with('bar', 'baz')
-        assert 123 not in c.callbacks['/foo']
+        c.callbacks["/foo"] = {123: mock_cb}
+        _run(c._handle_ack("/foo", 123, ["bar", "baz"]))
+        mock_cb.mock.assert_called_once_with("bar", "baz")
+        assert 123 not in c.callbacks["/foo"]
 
     def test_handle_ack_not_found(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         mock_cb = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.callbacks['/foo'] = {123: mock_cb}
-        _run(c._handle_ack('/foo', 124, ['bar', 'baz']))
+        c.callbacks["/foo"] = {123: mock_cb}
+        _run(c._handle_ack("/foo", 124, ["bar", "baz"]))
         mock_cb.assert_not_called()
-        assert 123 in c.callbacks['/foo']
+        assert 123 in c.callbacks["/foo"]
 
     def test_handle_error(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.connected = True
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
-        _run(c._handle_error('/', 'error'))
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
+        _run(c._handle_error("/", "error"))
         assert c.namespaces == {}
         assert not c.connected
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'connect_error', '/', 'error'
-        )
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with("connect_error", "/", "error")
 
     def test_handle_error_with_no_arguments(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.connected = True
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
-        _run(c._handle_error('/', None))
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
+        _run(c._handle_error("/", None))
         assert c.namespaces == {}
         assert not c.connected
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with('connect_error', '/')
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with("connect_error", "/")
 
     def test_handle_error_namespace(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._handle_error('/bar', ['error', 'message']))
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/foo': '1'}
+        _run(c._handle_error("/bar", ["error", "message"]))
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/foo": "1"}
         assert c.connected
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
         c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'connect_error', '/bar', 'error', 'message'
+            "connect_error", "/bar", "error", "message"
         )
 
     def test_handle_error_namespace_with_no_arguments(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
-        _run(c._handle_error('/bar', None))
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/foo': '1'}
+        _run(c._handle_error("/bar", None))
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/foo": "1"}
         assert c.connected
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with('connect_error', '/bar')
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with("connect_error", "/bar")
 
     def test_handle_error_unknown_namespace(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
-        _run(c._handle_error('/baz', 'error'))
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        _run(c._handle_error("/baz", "error"))
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         assert c.connected
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
 
@@ -825,24 +801,24 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
         catchall_handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.on('foo', handler)
-        c.on('*', catchall_handler)
-        _run(c._trigger_event('foo', '/', 1, '2'))
-        _run(c._trigger_event('bar', '/', 1, '2', 3))
-        _run(c._trigger_event('connect', '/'))  # should not trigger
-        handler.assert_called_once_with(1, '2')
-        catchall_handler.assert_called_once_with('bar', 1, '2', 3)
+        c.on("foo", handler)
+        c.on("*", catchall_handler)
+        _run(c._trigger_event("foo", "/", 1, "2"))
+        _run(c._trigger_event("bar", "/", 1, "2", 3))
+        _run(c._trigger_event("connect", "/"))  # should not trigger
+        handler.assert_called_once_with(1, "2")
+        catchall_handler.assert_called_once_with("bar", 1, "2", 3)
 
     def test_trigger_event_namespace(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
         handler = AsyncMock()
         catchall_handler = AsyncMock()
-        c.on('foo', handler, namespace='/bar')
-        c.on('*', catchall_handler, namespace='/bar')
-        _run(c._trigger_event('foo', '/bar', 1, '2'))
-        _run(c._trigger_event('bar', '/bar', 1, '2', 3))
-        handler.mock.assert_called_once_with(1, '2')
-        catchall_handler.mock.assert_called_once_with('bar', 1, '2', 3)
+        c.on("foo", handler, namespace="/bar")
+        c.on("*", catchall_handler, namespace="/bar")
+        _run(c._trigger_event("foo", "/bar", 1, "2"))
+        _run(c._trigger_event("bar", "/bar", 1, "2", 3))
+        handler.mock.assert_called_once_with(1, "2")
+        catchall_handler.mock.assert_called_once_with("bar", 1, "2", 3)
 
     def test_trigger_event_class_namespace(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
@@ -853,9 +829,9 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
                 result.append(a)
                 result.append(b)
 
-        c.register_namespace(MyNamespace('/'))
-        _run(c._trigger_event('foo', '/', 1, '2'))
-        assert result == [1, '2']
+        c.register_namespace(MyNamespace("/"))
+        _run(c._trigger_event("foo", "/", 1, "2"))
+        assert result == [1, "2"]
 
     def test_trigger_event_unknown_namespace(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
@@ -866,19 +842,19 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
                 result.append(a)
                 result.append(b)
 
-        c.register_namespace(MyNamespace('/'))
-        _run(c._trigger_event('foo', '/bar', 1, '2'))
+        c.register_namespace(MyNamespace("/"))
+        _run(c._trigger_event("foo", "/bar", 1, "2"))
         assert result == []
 
     @mock.patch(
-        'asyncio.wait_for',
+        "asyncio.wait_for",
         new_callable=AsyncMock,
         side_effect=asyncio.TimeoutError,
     )
-    @mock.patch('socketio.client.random.random', side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
+    @mock.patch("socketio.client.random.random", side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
     def test_handle_reconnect(self, random, wait_for):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c._reconnect_task = 'foo'
+        c._reconnect_task = "foo"
         c.connect = AsyncMock(
             side_effect=[ValueError, exceptions.ConnectionError, None]
         )
@@ -892,14 +868,14 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
         assert c._reconnect_task is None
 
     @mock.patch(
-        'asyncio.wait_for',
+        "asyncio.wait_for",
         new_callable=AsyncMock,
         side_effect=asyncio.TimeoutError,
     )
-    @mock.patch('socketio.client.random.random', side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
+    @mock.patch("socketio.client.random.random", side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
     def test_handle_reconnect_max_delay(self, random, wait_for):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient(reconnection_delay_max=3)
-        c._reconnect_task = 'foo'
+        c._reconnect_task = "foo"
         c.connect = AsyncMock(
             side_effect=[ValueError, exceptions.ConnectionError, None]
         )
@@ -913,15 +889,15 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
         assert c._reconnect_task is None
 
     @mock.patch(
-        'asyncio.wait_for',
+        "asyncio.wait_for",
         new_callable=AsyncMock,
         side_effect=asyncio.TimeoutError,
     )
-    @mock.patch('socketio.client.random.random', side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
+    @mock.patch("socketio.client.random.random", side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
     def test_handle_reconnect_max_attempts(self, random, wait_for):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient(reconnection_attempts=2, logger=True)
-        c.connection_namespaces = ['/']
-        c._reconnect_task = 'foo'
+        c.connection_namespaces = ["/"]
+        c._reconnect_task = "foo"
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
         c.connect = AsyncMock(
             side_effect=[ValueError, exceptions.ConnectionError, None]
@@ -932,20 +908,21 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
             1.5,
             1.5,
         ]
-        assert c._reconnect_task == 'foo'
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with('__disconnect_final',
-                                                      namespace='/')
+        assert c._reconnect_task == "foo"
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with(
+            "__disconnect_final", namespace="/"
+        )
 
     @mock.patch(
-        'asyncio.wait_for',
+        "asyncio.wait_for",
         new_callable=AsyncMock,
         side_effect=[asyncio.TimeoutError, None],
     )
-    @mock.patch('socketio.client.random.random', side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
+    @mock.patch("socketio.client.random.random", side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
     def test_handle_reconnect_aborted(self, random, wait_for):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient(logger=True)
-        c.connection_namespaces = ['/']
-        c._reconnect_task = 'foo'
+        c.connection_namespaces = ["/"]
+        c._reconnect_task = "foo"
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
         c.connect = AsyncMock(
             side_effect=[ValueError, exceptions.ConnectionError, None]
@@ -956,28 +933,27 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
             1.5,
             1.5,
         ]
-        assert c._reconnect_task == 'foo'
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with('__disconnect_final',
-                                                      namespace='/')
+        assert c._reconnect_task == "foo"
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with(
+            "__disconnect_final", namespace="/"
+        )
 
     def test_handle_eio_connect(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.connection_namespaces = ['/', '/foo']
-        c.connection_auth = 'auth'
+        c.connection_namespaces = ["/", "/foo"]
+        c.connection_auth = "auth"
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        c.eio.sid = 'foo'
+        c.eio.sid = "foo"
         assert c.sid is None
         _run(c._handle_eio_connect())
-        assert c.sid == 'foo'
+        assert c.sid == "foo"
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 2
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.CONNECT, data='auth', namespace='/')
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.CONNECT, data="auth", namespace="/")
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
             == expected_packet.encode()
         )
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.CONNECT, data='auth', namespace='/foo')
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.CONNECT, data="auth", namespace="/foo")
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][0].encode()
             == expected_packet.encode()
@@ -985,22 +961,20 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_handle_eio_connect_function(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.connection_namespaces = ['/', '/foo']
-        c.connection_auth = lambda: 'auth'
+        c.connection_namespaces = ["/", "/foo"]
+        c.connection_auth = lambda: "auth"
         c._send_packet = AsyncMock()
-        c.eio.sid = 'foo'
+        c.eio.sid = "foo"
         assert c.sid is None
         _run(c._handle_eio_connect())
-        assert c.sid == 'foo'
+        assert c.sid == "foo"
         assert c._send_packet.mock.call_count == 2
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.CONNECT, data='auth', namespace='/')
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.CONNECT, data="auth", namespace="/")
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
             == expected_packet.encode()
         )
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.CONNECT, data='auth', namespace='/foo')
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.CONNECT, data="auth", namespace="/foo")
         assert (
             c._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][0].encode()
             == expected_packet.encode()
@@ -1015,31 +989,31 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c._handle_error = AsyncMock()
 
         _run(c._handle_eio_message('0{"sid":"123"}'))
-        c._handle_connect.mock.assert_called_with(None, {'sid': '123'})
+        c._handle_connect.mock.assert_called_with(None, {"sid": "123"})
         _run(c._handle_eio_message('0/foo,{"sid":"123"}'))
-        c._handle_connect.mock.assert_called_with('/foo', {'sid': '123'})
-        _run(c._handle_eio_message('1'))
+        c._handle_connect.mock.assert_called_with("/foo", {"sid": "123"})
+        _run(c._handle_eio_message("1"))
         c._handle_disconnect.mock.assert_called_with(None)
-        _run(c._handle_eio_message('1/foo'))
-        c._handle_disconnect.mock.assert_called_with('/foo')
+        _run(c._handle_eio_message("1/foo"))
+        c._handle_disconnect.mock.assert_called_with("/foo")
         _run(c._handle_eio_message('2["foo"]'))
-        c._handle_event.mock.assert_called_with(None, None, ['foo'])
+        c._handle_event.mock.assert_called_with(None, None, ["foo"])
         _run(c._handle_eio_message('3/foo,["bar"]'))
-        c._handle_ack.mock.assert_called_with('/foo', None, ['bar'])
-        _run(c._handle_eio_message('4'))
+        c._handle_ack.mock.assert_called_with("/foo", None, ["bar"])
+        _run(c._handle_eio_message("4"))
         c._handle_error.mock.assert_called_with(None, None)
         _run(c._handle_eio_message('4"foo"'))
-        c._handle_error.mock.assert_called_with(None, 'foo')
+        c._handle_error.mock.assert_called_with(None, "foo")
         _run(c._handle_eio_message('4["foo"]'))
-        c._handle_error.mock.assert_called_with(None, ['foo'])
-        _run(c._handle_eio_message('4/foo'))
-        c._handle_error.mock.assert_called_with('/foo', None)
+        c._handle_error.mock.assert_called_with(None, ["foo"])
+        _run(c._handle_eio_message("4/foo"))
+        c._handle_error.mock.assert_called_with("/foo", None)
         _run(c._handle_eio_message('4/foo,["foo","bar"]'))
-        c._handle_error.mock.assert_called_with('/foo', ['foo', 'bar'])
+        c._handle_error.mock.assert_called_with("/foo", ["foo", "bar"])
         _run(c._handle_eio_message('51-{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}'))
         assert c._binary_packet.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT
-        _run(c._handle_eio_message(b'foo'))
-        c._handle_event.mock.assert_called_with(None, None, b'foo')
+        _run(c._handle_eio_message(b"foo"))
+        c._handle_event.mock.assert_called_with(None, None, b"foo")
         _run(
             c._handle_eio_message(
                 '62-/foo,{"1":{"_placeholder":true,"num":1},'
@@ -1047,71 +1021,63 @@ class TestAsyncClient(unittest.TestCase):
             )
         )
         assert c._binary_packet.packet_type == packet.BINARY_ACK
-        _run(c._handle_eio_message(b'bar'))
-        _run(c._handle_eio_message(b'foo'))
-        c._handle_ack.mock.assert_called_with(
-            '/foo', None, {'1': b'foo', '2': b'bar'}
-        )
+        _run(c._handle_eio_message(b"bar"))
+        _run(c._handle_eio_message(b"foo"))
+        c._handle_ack.mock.assert_called_with("/foo", None, {"1": b"foo", "2": b"bar"})
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            _run(c._handle_eio_message('9'))
+            _run(c._handle_eio_message("9"))
 
     def test_eio_disconnect(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c.connected = True
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
         c.start_background_task = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.sid = 'foo'
-        c.eio.state = 'connected'
+        c.sid = "foo"
+        c.eio.state = "connected"
         _run(c._handle_eio_disconnect())
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'disconnect', namespace='/'
-        )
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_called_once_with("disconnect", namespace="/")
         assert c.sid is None
         assert not c.connected
 
     def test_eio_disconnect_namespaces(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient(reconnection=False)
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c.connected = True
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
-        c.sid = 'foo'
-        c.eio.state = 'connected'
+        c.sid = "foo"
+        c.eio.state = "connected"
         _run(c._handle_eio_disconnect())
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call('disconnect', namespace='/foo')
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call('disconnect', namespace='/bar')
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/foo")
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/bar")
         assert c.sid is None
         assert not c.connected
 
     def test_eio_disconnect_reconnect(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient(reconnection=True)
         c.start_background_task = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.eio.state = 'connected'
+        c.eio.state = "connected"
         _run(c._handle_eio_disconnect())
         c.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with(c._handle_reconnect)
 
     def test_eio_disconnect_self_disconnect(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient(reconnection=True)
         c.start_background_task = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.eio.state = 'disconnected'
+        c.eio.state = "disconnected"
         _run(c._handle_eio_disconnect())
         c.start_background_task.assert_not_called()
 
     def test_eio_disconnect_no_reconnect(self):
         c = async_client.AsyncClient(reconnection=False)
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c.connected = True
         c._trigger_event = AsyncMock()
         c.start_background_task = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.sid = 'foo'
-        c.eio.state = 'connected'
+        c.sid = "foo"
+        c.eio.state = "connected"
         _run(c._handle_eio_disconnect())
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call(
-            'disconnect', namespace='/'
-        )
-        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call(
-            '__disconnect_final', namespace='/'
-        )
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/")
+        c._trigger_event.mock.assert_any_call("__disconnect_final", namespace="/")
         assert c.sid is None
         assert not c.connected
         c.start_background_task.assert_not_called()
diff --git a/tests/async/test_manager.py b/tests/async/test_manager.py
index 0b2fc93..a1b0ae2 100644
--- a/tests/async/test_manager.py
+++ b/tests/async/test_manager.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from socketio import packet
 from .helpers import AsyncMock, _run
 
 
-@unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info < (3, 5), 'only for Python 3.5+')
+@unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info < (3, 5), "only for Python 3.5+")
 class TestAsyncManager(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         id = 0
@@ -27,383 +27,327 @@ class TestAsyncManager(unittest.TestCase):
         self.bm.initialize()
 
     def test_connect(self):
-        sid = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        assert None in self.bm.rooms['/foo']
-        assert sid in self.bm.rooms['/foo']
-        assert sid in self.bm.rooms['/foo'][None]
-        assert sid in self.bm.rooms['/foo'][sid]
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][None]) == {sid: '123'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][sid]) == {sid: '123'}
-        assert self.bm.sid_from_eio_sid('123', '/foo') == sid
+        sid = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        assert None in self.bm.rooms["/foo"]
+        assert sid in self.bm.rooms["/foo"]
+        assert sid in self.bm.rooms["/foo"][None]
+        assert sid in self.bm.rooms["/foo"][sid]
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][None]) == {sid: "123"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][sid]) == {sid: "123"}
+        assert self.bm.sid_from_eio_sid("123", "/foo") == sid
 
     def test_pre_disconnect(self):
-        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/foo'))
-        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid1, '/foo')
-        assert self.bm.pre_disconnect(sid1, '/foo') == '123'
-        assert self.bm.pending_disconnect == {'/foo': [sid1]}
-        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid1, '/foo')
-        assert self.bm.pre_disconnect(sid2, '/foo') == '456'
-        assert self.bm.pending_disconnect == {'/foo': [sid1, sid2]}
-        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid2, '/foo')
-        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid1, '/foo'))
-        assert self.bm.pending_disconnect == {'/foo': [sid2]}
-        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid2, '/foo'))
+        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/foo"))
+        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid1, "/foo")
+        assert self.bm.pre_disconnect(sid1, "/foo") == "123"
+        assert self.bm.pending_disconnect == {"/foo": [sid1]}
+        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid1, "/foo")
+        assert self.bm.pre_disconnect(sid2, "/foo") == "456"
+        assert self.bm.pending_disconnect == {"/foo": [sid1, sid2]}
+        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid2, "/foo")
+        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid1, "/foo"))
+        assert self.bm.pending_disconnect == {"/foo": [sid2]}
+        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid2, "/foo"))
         assert self.bm.pending_disconnect == {}
 
     def test_disconnect(self):
-        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'baz'))
-        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid1, '/foo'))
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][None]) == {sid2: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][sid2]) == {sid2: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo']['baz']) == {sid2: '456'}
+        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "baz"))
+        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid1, "/foo"))
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][None]) == {sid2: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][sid2]) == {sid2: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"]["baz"]) == {sid2: "456"}
 
     def test_disconnect_default_namespace(self):
-        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/'))
-        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        sid3 = _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/'))
-        sid4 = _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/foo'))
-        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid1, '/')
-        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid2, '/foo')
-        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid2, '/')
-        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid1, '/foo')
-        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid1, '/'))
-        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid1, '/')
-        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid2, '/foo')
-        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid2, '/foo'))
-        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid2, '/foo')
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/'][None]) == {sid3: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/'][sid3]) == {sid3: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][None]) == {sid4: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][sid4]) == {sid4: '456'}
+        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/"))
+        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        sid3 = _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/"))
+        sid4 = _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/foo"))
+        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid1, "/")
+        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid2, "/foo")
+        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid2, "/")
+        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid1, "/foo")
+        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid1, "/"))
+        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid1, "/")
+        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid2, "/foo")
+        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid2, "/foo"))
+        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid2, "/foo")
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/"][None]) == {sid3: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/"][sid3]) == {sid3: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][None]) == {sid4: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][sid4]) == {sid4: "456"}
 
     def test_disconnect_twice(self):
-        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/'))
-        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        sid3 = _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/'))
-        sid4 = _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid1, '/'))
-        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid2, '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid1, '/'))
-        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid2, '/foo'))
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/'][None]) == {sid3: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/'][sid3]) == {sid3: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][None]) == {sid4: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][sid4]) == {sid4: '456'}
+        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/"))
+        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        sid3 = _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/"))
+        sid4 = _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid1, "/"))
+        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid2, "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid1, "/"))
+        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid2, "/foo"))
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/"][None]) == {sid3: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/"][sid3]) == {sid3: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][None]) == {sid4: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][sid4]) == {sid4: "456"}
 
     def test_disconnect_all(self):
-        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'baz'))
-        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid1, '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid2, '/foo'))
+        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "baz"))
+        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid1, "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid2, "/foo"))
         assert self.bm.rooms == {}
 
     def test_disconnect_with_callbacks(self):
-        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/'))
-        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        sid3 = _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/foo'))
-        self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid1, 'f')
-        self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid2, 'g')
-        self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid3, 'h')
-        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid2, '/foo'))
+        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/"))
+        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        sid3 = _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/foo"))
+        self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid1, "f")
+        self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid2, "g")
+        self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid3, "h")
+        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid2, "/foo"))
         assert sid2 not in self.bm.callbacks
-        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid1, '/'))
+        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid1, "/"))
         assert sid1 not in self.bm.callbacks
         assert sid3 in self.bm.callbacks
 
     def test_trigger_sync_callback(self):
-        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/'))
-        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
+        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/"))
+        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
         cb = mock.MagicMock()
         id1 = self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid1, cb)
         id2 = self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid2, cb)
-        _run(self.bm.trigger_callback(sid1, id1, ['foo']))
-        _run(self.bm.trigger_callback(sid2, id2, ['bar', 'baz']))
+        _run(self.bm.trigger_callback(sid1, id1, ["foo"]))
+        _run(self.bm.trigger_callback(sid2, id2, ["bar", "baz"]))
         assert cb.call_count == 2
-        cb.assert_any_call('foo')
-        cb.assert_any_call('bar', 'baz')
+        cb.assert_any_call("foo")
+        cb.assert_any_call("bar", "baz")
 
     def test_trigger_async_callback(self):
-        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/'))
-        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
+        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/"))
+        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
         cb = AsyncMock()
         id1 = self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid1, cb)
         id2 = self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid2, cb)
-        _run(self.bm.trigger_callback(sid1, id1, ['foo']))
-        _run(self.bm.trigger_callback(sid2, id2, ['bar', 'baz']))
+        _run(self.bm.trigger_callback(sid1, id1, ["foo"]))
+        _run(self.bm.trigger_callback(sid2, id2, ["bar", "baz"]))
         assert cb.mock.call_count == 2
-        cb.mock.assert_any_call('foo')
-        cb.mock.assert_any_call('bar', 'baz')
+        cb.mock.assert_any_call("foo")
+        cb.mock.assert_any_call("bar", "baz")
 
     def test_invalid_callback(self):
-        sid = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/'))
+        sid = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/"))
         cb = mock.MagicMock()
         id = self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid, cb)
 
         # these should not raise an exception
-        _run(self.bm.trigger_callback('xxx', id, ['foo']))
-        _run(self.bm.trigger_callback(sid, id + 1, ['foo']))
+        _run(self.bm.trigger_callback("xxx", id, ["foo"]))
+        _run(self.bm.trigger_callback(sid, id + 1, ["foo"]))
         assert cb.mock.call_count == 0
 
     def test_get_namespaces(self):
         assert list(self.bm.get_namespaces()) == []
-        _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/'))
-        _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
+        _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/"))
+        _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
         namespaces = list(self.bm.get_namespaces())
         assert len(namespaces) == 2
-        assert '/' in namespaces
-        assert '/foo' in namespaces
+        assert "/" in namespaces
+        assert "/foo" in namespaces
 
     def test_get_participants(self):
-        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/'))
-        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/'))
-        sid3 = _run(self.bm.connect('789', '/'))
-        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid3, '/'))
-        assert sid3 not in self.bm.rooms['/'][None]
-        participants = list(self.bm.get_participants('/', None))
+        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/"))
+        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/"))
+        sid3 = _run(self.bm.connect("789", "/"))
+        _run(self.bm.disconnect(sid3, "/"))
+        assert sid3 not in self.bm.rooms["/"][None]
+        participants = list(self.bm.get_participants("/", None))
         assert len(participants) == 2
-        assert (sid1, '123') in participants
-        assert (sid2, '456') in participants
-        assert (sid3, '789') not in participants
+        assert (sid1, "123") in participants
+        assert (sid2, "456") in participants
+        assert (sid3, "789") not in participants
 
     def test_leave_invalid_room(self):
-        sid = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.leave_room(sid, '/foo', 'baz'))
-        _run(self.bm.leave_room(sid, '/bar', 'baz'))
+        sid = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.leave_room(sid, "/foo", "baz"))
+        _run(self.bm.leave_room(sid, "/bar", "baz"))
 
     def test_no_room(self):
-        rooms = self.bm.get_rooms('123', '/foo')
+        rooms = self.bm.get_rooms("123", "/foo")
         assert [] == rooms
 
     def test_close_room(self):
-        sid = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.connect('789', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid, '/foo', 'bar'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid, '/foo', 'bar'))
-        _run(self.bm.close_room('bar', '/foo'))
+        sid = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.connect("789", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid, "/foo", "bar"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid, "/foo", "bar"))
+        _run(self.bm.close_room("bar", "/foo"))
         from pprint import pprint
+
         pprint(self.bm.rooms)
-        assert 'bar' not in self.bm.rooms['/foo']
+        assert "bar" not in self.bm.rooms["/foo"]
 
     def test_close_invalid_room(self):
-        self.bm.close_room('bar', '/foo')
+        self.bm.close_room("bar", "/foo")
 
     def test_rooms(self):
-        sid = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid, '/foo', 'bar'))
-        r = self.bm.get_rooms(sid, '/foo')
+        sid = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid, "/foo", "bar"))
+        r = self.bm.get_rooms(sid, "/foo")
         assert len(r) == 2
         assert sid in r
-        assert 'bar' in r
+        assert "bar" in r
 
     def test_emit_to_sid(self):
-        sid = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/foo'))
-        _run(
-            self.bm.emit(
-                'my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/foo', room=sid
-            )
-        )
+        sid = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.emit("my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/foo", room=sid))
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_count == 1
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] \
-            == '123'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event",{"foo":"bar"}]'
 
     def test_emit_to_room(self):
-        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar'))
-        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'bar'))
-        _run(self.bm.connect('789', '/foo'))
-        _run(
-            self.bm.emit(
-                'my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/foo', room='bar'
-            )
-        )
+        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar"))
+        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "bar"))
+        _run(self.bm.connect("789", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.emit("my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/foo", room="bar"))
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_count == 2
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] \
-            == '123'
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][0] \
-            == '456'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][0] == "456"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][1]
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][1] \
-            == pkt
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][1] == pkt
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event",{"foo":"bar"}]'
 
     def test_emit_to_rooms(self):
-        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar'))
-        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'bar'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'baz'))
-        sid3 = _run(self.bm.connect('789', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid3, '/foo', 'baz'))
+        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar"))
+        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "bar"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "baz"))
+        sid3 = _run(self.bm.connect("789", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid3, "/foo", "baz"))
         _run(
-            self.bm.emit('my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/foo',
-                         room=['bar', 'baz'])
+            self.bm.emit(
+                "my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/foo", room=["bar", "baz"]
+            )
         )
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_count == 3
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] \
-            == '123'
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][0] \
-            == '456'
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[2][0][0] \
-            == '789'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][0] == "456"
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[2][0][0] == "789"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][1]
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][1] \
-            == pkt
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[2][0][1] \
-            == pkt
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][1] == pkt
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[2][0][1] == pkt
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event",{"foo":"bar"}]'
 
     def test_emit_to_all(self):
-        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar'))
-        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'bar'))
-        _run(self.bm.connect('789', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.connect('abc', '/bar'))
-        _run(self.bm.emit('my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/foo'))
+        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar"))
+        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "bar"))
+        _run(self.bm.connect("789", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.connect("abc", "/bar"))
+        _run(self.bm.emit("my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/foo"))
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_count == 3
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] \
-            == '123'
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][0] \
-            == '456'
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[2][0][0] \
-            == '789'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][0] == "456"
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[2][0][0] == "789"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][1]
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][1] \
-            == pkt
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[2][0][1] \
-            == pkt
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][1] == pkt
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[2][0][1] == pkt
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event",{"foo":"bar"}]'
 
     def test_emit_to_all_skip_one(self):
-        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar'))
-        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'bar'))
-        _run(self.bm.connect('789', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.connect('abc', '/bar'))
-        _run(
-            self.bm.emit(
-                'my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/foo', skip_sid=sid2
-            )
-        )
+        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar"))
+        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "bar"))
+        _run(self.bm.connect("789", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.connect("abc", "/bar"))
+        _run(self.bm.emit("my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/foo", skip_sid=sid2))
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_count == 2
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] \
-            == '123'
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][0] \
-            == '789'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][0] == "789"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][1]
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][1] \
-            == pkt
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][1] == pkt
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event",{"foo":"bar"}]'
 
     def test_emit_to_all_skip_two(self):
-        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar'))
-        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect('456', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'bar'))
-        sid3 = _run(self.bm.connect('789', '/foo'))
-        _run(self.bm.connect('abc', '/bar'))
+        sid1 = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar"))
+        sid2 = _run(self.bm.connect("456", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "bar"))
+        sid3 = _run(self.bm.connect("789", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.connect("abc", "/bar"))
         _run(
             self.bm.emit(
-                'my event',
-                {'foo': 'bar'},
-                namespace='/foo',
+                "my event",
+                {"foo": "bar"},
+                namespace="/foo",
                 skip_sid=[sid1, sid3],
             )
         )
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_count == 1
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] \
-            == '456'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "456"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event",{"foo":"bar"}]'
 
     def test_emit_with_callback(self):
-        sid = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
+        sid = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
         self.bm._generate_ack_id = mock.MagicMock()
         self.bm._generate_ack_id.return_value = 11
-        _run(
-            self.bm.emit(
-                'my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/foo', callback='cb'
-            )
-        )
-        self.bm._generate_ack_id.assert_called_once_with(sid, 'cb')
+        _run(self.bm.emit("my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/foo", callback="cb"))
+        self.bm._generate_ack_id.assert_called_once_with(sid, "cb")
         assert self.bm.server._send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
-        assert self.bm.server._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] \
-            == '123'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '2/foo,11["my event",{"foo":"bar"}]'
 
     def test_emit_to_invalid_room(self):
-        _run(
-            self.bm.emit('my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/', room='123')
-        )
+        _run(self.bm.emit("my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/", room="123"))
 
     def test_emit_to_invalid_namespace(self):
-        _run(self.bm.emit('my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/foo'))
+        _run(self.bm.emit("my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/foo"))
 
     def test_emit_with_tuple(self):
-        sid = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        _run(
-            self.bm.emit(
-                'my event', ('foo', 'bar'), namespace='/foo', room=sid
-            )
-        )
+        sid = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.emit("my event", ("foo", "bar"), namespace="/foo", room=sid))
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_count == 1
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] \
-            == '123'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event","foo","bar"]'
 
     def test_emit_with_list(self):
-        sid = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        _run(
-            self.bm.emit(
-                'my event', ['foo', 'bar'], namespace='/foo', room=sid
-            )
-        )
+        sid = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.emit("my event", ["foo", "bar"], namespace="/foo", room=sid))
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_count == 1
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] \
-            == '123'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event",["foo","bar"]]'
 
     def test_emit_with_none(self):
-        sid = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/foo'))
-        _run(
-            self.bm.emit(
-                'my event', None, namespace='/foo', room=sid
-            )
-        )
+        sid = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/foo"))
+        _run(self.bm.emit("my event", None, namespace="/foo", room=sid))
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_count == 1
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] \
-            == '123'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event"]'
 
     def test_emit_binary(self):
-        sid = _run(self.bm.connect('123', '/'))
-        _run(
-            self.bm.emit(
-                u'my event', b'my binary data', namespace='/', room=sid
-            )
-        )
+        sid = _run(self.bm.connect("123", "/"))
+        _run(self.bm.emit("my event", b"my binary data", namespace="/", room=sid))
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_count == 2
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] \
-            == '123'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '451-["my event",{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}]'
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][0] \
-            == '123'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[1][0][1]
-        assert pkt.encode() == b'my binary data'
+        assert pkt.encode() == b"my binary data"
diff --git a/tests/async/test_namespace.py b/tests/async/test_namespace.py
index 6043003..c1afe89 100644
--- a/tests/async/test_namespace.py
+++ b/tests/async/test_namespace.py
@@ -6,335 +6,323 @@ from socketio import async_namespace
 from .helpers import AsyncMock, _run
 
 
-@unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info < (3, 5), 'only for Python 3.5+')
+@unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info < (3, 5), "only for Python 3.5+")
 class TestAsyncNamespace(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_connect_event(self):
         result = {}
 
         class MyNamespace(async_namespace.AsyncNamespace):
             async def on_connect(self, sid, environ):
-                result['result'] = (sid, environ)
+                result["result"] = (sid, environ)
 
-        ns = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = MyNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        _run(ns.trigger_event('connect', 'sid', {'foo': 'bar'}))
-        assert result['result'] == ('sid', {'foo': 'bar'})
+        _run(ns.trigger_event("connect", "sid", {"foo": "bar"}))
+        assert result["result"] == ("sid", {"foo": "bar"})
 
     def test_disconnect_event(self):
         result = {}
 
         class MyNamespace(async_namespace.AsyncNamespace):
             async def on_disconnect(self, sid):
-                result['result'] = sid
+                result["result"] = sid
 
-        ns = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = MyNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        _run(ns.trigger_event('disconnect', 'sid'))
-        assert result['result'] == 'sid'
+        _run(ns.trigger_event("disconnect", "sid"))
+        assert result["result"] == "sid"
 
     def test_sync_event(self):
         result = {}
 
         class MyNamespace(async_namespace.AsyncNamespace):
             def on_custom_message(self, sid, data):
-                result['result'] = (sid, data)
+                result["result"] = (sid, data)
 
-        ns = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = MyNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        _run(ns.trigger_event('custom_message', 'sid', {'data': 'data'}))
-        assert result['result'] == ('sid', {'data': 'data'})
+        _run(ns.trigger_event("custom_message", "sid", {"data": "data"}))
+        assert result["result"] == ("sid", {"data": "data"})
 
     def test_async_event(self):
         result = {}
 
         class MyNamespace(async_namespace.AsyncNamespace):
             async def on_custom_message(self, sid, data):
-                result['result'] = (sid, data)
+                result["result"] = (sid, data)
 
-        ns = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = MyNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        _run(ns.trigger_event('custom_message', 'sid', {'data': 'data'}))
-        assert result['result'] == ('sid', {'data': 'data'})
+        _run(ns.trigger_event("custom_message", "sid", {"data": "data"}))
+        assert result["result"] == ("sid", {"data": "data"})
 
     def test_event_not_found(self):
         result = {}
 
         class MyNamespace(async_namespace.AsyncNamespace):
             async def on_custom_message(self, sid, data):
-                result['result'] = (sid, data)
+                result["result"] = (sid, data)
 
-        ns = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = MyNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        _run(
-            ns.trigger_event('another_custom_message', 'sid', {'data': 'data'})
-        )
+        _run(ns.trigger_event("another_custom_message", "sid", {"data": "data"}))
         assert result == {}
 
     def test_emit(self):
-        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace("/foo")
         mock_server = mock.MagicMock()
         mock_server.emit = AsyncMock()
         ns._set_server(mock_server)
-        _run(
-            ns.emit(
-                'ev', data='data', to='room', skip_sid='skip', callback='cb'
-            )
-        )
+        _run(ns.emit("ev", data="data", to="room", skip_sid="skip", callback="cb"))
         ns.server.emit.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'ev',
-            data='data',
-            to='room',
+            "ev",
+            data="data",
+            to="room",
             room=None,
-            skip_sid='skip',
-            namespace='/foo',
-            callback='cb',
+            skip_sid="skip",
+            namespace="/foo",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=False,
         )
         _run(
             ns.emit(
-                'ev',
-                data='data',
-                room='room',
-                skip_sid='skip',
-                namespace='/bar',
-                callback='cb',
+                "ev",
+                data="data",
+                room="room",
+                skip_sid="skip",
+                namespace="/bar",
+                callback="cb",
                 ignore_queue=True,
             )
         )
         ns.server.emit.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'ev',
-            data='data',
+            "ev",
+            data="data",
             to=None,
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='skip',
-            namespace='/bar',
-            callback='cb',
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="skip",
+            namespace="/bar",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
 
     def test_send(self):
-        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace("/foo")
         mock_server = mock.MagicMock()
         mock_server.send = AsyncMock()
         ns._set_server(mock_server)
-        _run(ns.send(data='data', to='room', skip_sid='skip', callback='cb'))
+        _run(ns.send(data="data", to="room", skip_sid="skip", callback="cb"))
         ns.server.send.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'data',
-            to='room',
+            "data",
+            to="room",
             room=None,
-            skip_sid='skip',
-            namespace='/foo',
-            callback='cb',
+            skip_sid="skip",
+            namespace="/foo",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=False,
         )
         _run(
             ns.send(
-                data='data',
-                room='room',
-                skip_sid='skip',
-                namespace='/bar',
-                callback='cb',
+                data="data",
+                room="room",
+                skip_sid="skip",
+                namespace="/bar",
+                callback="cb",
                 ignore_queue=True,
             )
         )
         ns.server.send.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'data',
+            "data",
             to=None,
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='skip',
-            namespace='/bar',
-            callback='cb',
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="skip",
+            namespace="/bar",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
 
     def test_call(self):
-        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace("/foo")
         mock_server = mock.MagicMock()
         mock_server.call = AsyncMock()
         ns._set_server(mock_server)
-        _run(ns.call('ev', data='data', to='sid'))
+        _run(ns.call("ev", data="data", to="sid"))
         ns.server.call.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'ev',
-            data='data',
-            to='sid',
+            "ev",
+            data="data",
+            to="sid",
             sid=None,
-            namespace='/foo',
+            namespace="/foo",
             timeout=None,
             ignore_queue=False,
         )
-        _run(ns.call('ev', data='data', sid='sid', namespace='/bar',
-                     timeout=45, ignore_queue=True))
+        _run(
+            ns.call(
+                "ev",
+                data="data",
+                sid="sid",
+                namespace="/bar",
+                timeout=45,
+                ignore_queue=True,
+            )
+        )
         ns.server.call.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'ev',
-            data='data',
+            "ev",
+            data="data",
             to=None,
-            sid='sid',
-            namespace='/bar',
+            sid="sid",
+            namespace="/bar",
             timeout=45,
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
 
     def test_enter_room(self):
-        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace("/foo")
         mock_server = mock.MagicMock()
         mock_server.enter_room = AsyncMock()
         ns._set_server(mock_server)
-        _run(ns.enter_room('sid', 'room'))
-        ns.server.enter_room.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'sid', 'room', namespace='/foo'
-        )
-        _run(ns.enter_room('sid', 'room', namespace='/bar'))
-        ns.server.enter_room.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'sid', 'room', namespace='/bar'
-        )
+        _run(ns.enter_room("sid", "room"))
+        ns.server.enter_room.mock.assert_called_with("sid", "room", namespace="/foo")
+        _run(ns.enter_room("sid", "room", namespace="/bar"))
+        ns.server.enter_room.mock.assert_called_with("sid", "room", namespace="/bar")
 
     def test_leave_room(self):
-        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace("/foo")
         mock_server = mock.MagicMock()
         mock_server.leave_room = AsyncMock()
         ns._set_server(mock_server)
-        _run(ns.leave_room('sid', 'room'))
-        ns.server.leave_room.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'sid', 'room', namespace='/foo'
-        )
-        _run(ns.leave_room('sid', 'room', namespace='/bar'))
-        ns.server.leave_room.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'sid', 'room', namespace='/bar'
-        )
+        _run(ns.leave_room("sid", "room"))
+        ns.server.leave_room.mock.assert_called_with("sid", "room", namespace="/foo")
+        _run(ns.leave_room("sid", "room", namespace="/bar"))
+        ns.server.leave_room.mock.assert_called_with("sid", "room", namespace="/bar")
 
     def test_close_room(self):
-        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace("/foo")
         mock_server = mock.MagicMock()
         mock_server.close_room = AsyncMock()
         ns._set_server(mock_server)
-        _run(ns.close_room('room'))
-        ns.server.close_room.mock.assert_called_with('room', namespace='/foo')
-        _run(ns.close_room('room', namespace='/bar'))
-        ns.server.close_room.mock.assert_called_with('room', namespace='/bar')
+        _run(ns.close_room("room"))
+        ns.server.close_room.mock.assert_called_with("room", namespace="/foo")
+        _run(ns.close_room("room", namespace="/bar"))
+        ns.server.close_room.mock.assert_called_with("room", namespace="/bar")
 
     def test_rooms(self):
-        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.rooms('sid')
-        ns.server.rooms.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/foo')
-        ns.rooms('sid', namespace='/bar')
-        ns.server.rooms.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/bar')
+        ns.rooms("sid")
+        ns.server.rooms.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/foo")
+        ns.rooms("sid", namespace="/bar")
+        ns.server.rooms.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/bar")
 
     def test_session(self):
-        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace("/foo")
         mock_server = mock.MagicMock()
         mock_server.get_session = AsyncMock()
         mock_server.save_session = AsyncMock()
         ns._set_server(mock_server)
-        _run(ns.get_session('sid'))
-        ns.server.get_session.mock.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/foo')
-        _run(ns.get_session('sid', namespace='/bar'))
-        ns.server.get_session.mock.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/bar')
-        _run(ns.save_session('sid', {'a': 'b'}))
+        _run(ns.get_session("sid"))
+        ns.server.get_session.mock.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/foo")
+        _run(ns.get_session("sid", namespace="/bar"))
+        ns.server.get_session.mock.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/bar")
+        _run(ns.save_session("sid", {"a": "b"}))
         ns.server.save_session.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'sid', {'a': 'b'}, namespace='/foo'
+            "sid", {"a": "b"}, namespace="/foo"
         )
-        _run(ns.save_session('sid', {'a': 'b'}, namespace='/bar'))
+        _run(ns.save_session("sid", {"a": "b"}, namespace="/bar"))
         ns.server.save_session.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'sid', {'a': 'b'}, namespace='/bar'
+            "sid", {"a": "b"}, namespace="/bar"
         )
-        ns.session('sid')
-        ns.server.session.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/foo')
-        ns.session('sid', namespace='/bar')
-        ns.server.session.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/bar')
+        ns.session("sid")
+        ns.server.session.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/foo")
+        ns.session("sid", namespace="/bar")
+        ns.server.session.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/bar")
 
     def test_disconnect(self):
-        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = async_namespace.AsyncNamespace("/foo")
         mock_server = mock.MagicMock()
         mock_server.disconnect = AsyncMock()
         ns._set_server(mock_server)
-        _run(ns.disconnect('sid'))
-        ns.server.disconnect.mock.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/foo')
-        _run(ns.disconnect('sid', namespace='/bar'))
-        ns.server.disconnect.mock.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/bar')
+        _run(ns.disconnect("sid"))
+        ns.server.disconnect.mock.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/foo")
+        _run(ns.disconnect("sid", namespace="/bar"))
+        ns.server.disconnect.mock.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/bar")
 
     def test_sync_event_client(self):
         result = {}
 
         class MyNamespace(async_namespace.AsyncClientNamespace):
             def on_custom_message(self, sid, data):
-                result['result'] = (sid, data)
+                result["result"] = (sid, data)
 
-        ns = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = MyNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_client(mock.MagicMock())
-        _run(ns.trigger_event('custom_message', 'sid', {'data': 'data'}))
-        assert result['result'] == ('sid', {'data': 'data'})
+        _run(ns.trigger_event("custom_message", "sid", {"data": "data"}))
+        assert result["result"] == ("sid", {"data": "data"})
 
     def test_async_event_client(self):
         result = {}
 
         class MyNamespace(async_namespace.AsyncClientNamespace):
             async def on_custom_message(self, sid, data):
-                result['result'] = (sid, data)
+                result["result"] = (sid, data)
 
-        ns = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = MyNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_client(mock.MagicMock())
-        _run(ns.trigger_event('custom_message', 'sid', {'data': 'data'}))
-        assert result['result'] == ('sid', {'data': 'data'})
+        _run(ns.trigger_event("custom_message", "sid", {"data": "data"}))
+        assert result["result"] == ("sid", {"data": "data"})
 
     def test_event_not_found_client(self):
         result = {}
 
         class MyNamespace(async_namespace.AsyncClientNamespace):
             async def on_custom_message(self, sid, data):
-                result['result'] = (sid, data)
+                result["result"] = (sid, data)
 
-        ns = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = MyNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_client(mock.MagicMock())
-        _run(
-            ns.trigger_event('another_custom_message', 'sid', {'data': 'data'})
-        )
+        _run(ns.trigger_event("another_custom_message", "sid", {"data": "data"}))
         assert result == {}
 
     def test_emit_client(self):
-        ns = async_namespace.AsyncClientNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = async_namespace.AsyncClientNamespace("/foo")
         mock_client = mock.MagicMock()
         mock_client.emit = AsyncMock()
         ns._set_client(mock_client)
-        _run(ns.emit('ev', data='data', callback='cb'))
+        _run(ns.emit("ev", data="data", callback="cb"))
         ns.client.emit.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'ev', data='data', namespace='/foo', callback='cb'
+            "ev", data="data", namespace="/foo", callback="cb"
         )
-        _run(ns.emit('ev', data='data', namespace='/bar', callback='cb'))
+        _run(ns.emit("ev", data="data", namespace="/bar", callback="cb"))
         ns.client.emit.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'ev', data='data', namespace='/bar', callback='cb'
+            "ev", data="data", namespace="/bar", callback="cb"
         )
 
     def test_send_client(self):
-        ns = async_namespace.AsyncClientNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = async_namespace.AsyncClientNamespace("/foo")
         mock_client = mock.MagicMock()
         mock_client.send = AsyncMock()
         ns._set_client(mock_client)
-        _run(ns.send(data='data', callback='cb'))
-        ns.client.send.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'data', namespace='/foo', callback='cb'
-        )
-        _run(ns.send(data='data', namespace='/bar', callback='cb'))
-        ns.client.send.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'data', namespace='/bar', callback='cb'
-        )
+        _run(ns.send(data="data", callback="cb"))
+        ns.client.send.mock.assert_called_with("data", namespace="/foo", callback="cb")
+        _run(ns.send(data="data", namespace="/bar", callback="cb"))
+        ns.client.send.mock.assert_called_with("data", namespace="/bar", callback="cb")
 
     def test_call_client(self):
-        ns = async_namespace.AsyncClientNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = async_namespace.AsyncClientNamespace("/foo")
         mock_client = mock.MagicMock()
         mock_client.call = AsyncMock()
         ns._set_client(mock_client)
-        _run(ns.call('ev', data='data'))
+        _run(ns.call("ev", data="data"))
         ns.client.call.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'ev', data='data', namespace='/foo', timeout=None
+            "ev", data="data", namespace="/foo", timeout=None
         )
-        _run(ns.call('ev', data='data', namespace='/bar', timeout=45))
+        _run(ns.call("ev", data="data", namespace="/bar", timeout=45))
         ns.client.call.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'ev', data='data', namespace='/bar', timeout=45
+            "ev", data="data", namespace="/bar", timeout=45
         )
 
     def test_disconnect_client(self):
-        ns = async_namespace.AsyncClientNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = async_namespace.AsyncClientNamespace("/foo")
         mock_client = mock.MagicMock()
         mock_client.disconnect = AsyncMock()
         ns._set_client(mock_client)
diff --git a/tests/async/test_pubsub_manager.py b/tests/async/test_pubsub_manager.py
index 48a71aa..5eae105 100644
--- a/tests/async/test_pubsub_manager.py
+++ b/tests/async/test_pubsub_manager.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from socketio import packet
 from .helpers import AsyncMock, _run
 
 
-@unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info < (3, 5), 'only for Python 3.5+')
+@unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info < (3, 5), "only for Python 3.5+")
 class TestAsyncPubSubManager(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         id = 0
@@ -31,18 +31,16 @@ class TestAsyncPubSubManager(unittest.TestCase):
         self.pm = async_pubsub_manager.AsyncPubSubManager()
         self.pm._publish = AsyncMock()
         self.pm.set_server(mock_server)
-        self.pm.host_id = '123456'
+        self.pm.host_id = "123456"
         self.pm.initialize()
 
     def test_default_init(self):
-        assert self.pm.channel == 'socketio'
-        self.pm.server.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with(
-            self.pm._thread
-        )
+        assert self.pm.channel == "socketio"
+        self.pm.server.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with(self.pm._thread)
 
     def test_custom_init(self):
-        pubsub = async_pubsub_manager.AsyncPubSubManager(channel='foo')
-        assert pubsub.channel == 'foo'
+        pubsub = async_pubsub_manager.AsyncPubSubManager(channel="foo")
+        assert pubsub.channel == "foo"
         assert len(pubsub.host_id) == 32
 
     def test_write_only_init(self):
@@ -50,181 +48,198 @@ class TestAsyncPubSubManager(unittest.TestCase):
         pm = async_pubsub_manager.AsyncPubSubManager(write_only=True)
         pm.set_server(mock_server)
         pm.initialize()
-        assert pm.channel == 'socketio'
+        assert pm.channel == "socketio"
         assert len(pm.host_id) == 32
         assert pm.server.start_background_task.call_count == 0
 
     def test_emit(self):
-        _run(self.pm.emit('foo', 'bar'))
+        _run(self.pm.emit("foo", "bar"))
         self.pm._publish.mock.assert_called_once_with(
             {
-                'method': 'emit',
-                'event': 'foo',
-                'data': 'bar',
-                'namespace': '/',
-                'room': None,
-                'skip_sid': None,
-                'callback': None,
-                'host_id': '123456',
+                "method": "emit",
+                "event": "foo",
+                "data": "bar",
+                "namespace": "/",
+                "room": None,
+                "skip_sid": None,
+                "callback": None,
+                "host_id": "123456",
             }
         )
 
     def test_emit_with_namespace(self):
-        _run(self.pm.emit('foo', 'bar', namespace='/baz'))
+        _run(self.pm.emit("foo", "bar", namespace="/baz"))
         self.pm._publish.mock.assert_called_once_with(
             {
-                'method': 'emit',
-                'event': 'foo',
-                'data': 'bar',
-                'namespace': '/baz',
-                'room': None,
-                'skip_sid': None,
-                'callback': None,
-                'host_id': '123456',
+                "method": "emit",
+                "event": "foo",
+                "data": "bar",
+                "namespace": "/baz",
+                "room": None,
+                "skip_sid": None,
+                "callback": None,
+                "host_id": "123456",
             }
         )
 
     def test_emit_with_room(self):
-        _run(self.pm.emit('foo', 'bar', room='baz'))
+        _run(self.pm.emit("foo", "bar", room="baz"))
         self.pm._publish.mock.assert_called_once_with(
             {
-                'method': 'emit',
-                'event': 'foo',
-                'data': 'bar',
-                'namespace': '/',
-                'room': 'baz',
-                'skip_sid': None,
-                'callback': None,
-                'host_id': '123456',
+                "method": "emit",
+                "event": "foo",
+                "data": "bar",
+                "namespace": "/",
+                "room": "baz",
+                "skip_sid": None,
+                "callback": None,
+                "host_id": "123456",
             }
         )
 
     def test_emit_with_skip_sid(self):
-        _run(self.pm.emit('foo', 'bar', skip_sid='baz'))
+        _run(self.pm.emit("foo", "bar", skip_sid="baz"))
         self.pm._publish.mock.assert_called_once_with(
             {
-                'method': 'emit',
-                'event': 'foo',
-                'data': 'bar',
-                'namespace': '/',
-                'room': None,
-                'skip_sid': 'baz',
-                'callback': None,
-                'host_id': '123456',
+                "method": "emit",
+                "event": "foo",
+                "data": "bar",
+                "namespace": "/",
+                "room": None,
+                "skip_sid": "baz",
+                "callback": None,
+                "host_id": "123456",
             }
         )
 
     def test_emit_with_callback(self):
-        with mock.patch.object(
-            self.pm, '_generate_ack_id', return_value='123'
-        ):
-            _run(self.pm.emit('foo', 'bar', room='baz', callback='cb'))
+        with mock.patch.object(self.pm, "_generate_ack_id", return_value="123"):
+            _run(self.pm.emit("foo", "bar", room="baz", callback="cb"))
             self.pm._publish.mock.assert_called_once_with(
                 {
-                    'method': 'emit',
-                    'event': 'foo',
-                    'data': 'bar',
-                    'namespace': '/',
-                    'room': 'baz',
-                    'skip_sid': None,
-                    'callback': ('baz', '/', '123'),
-                    'host_id': '123456',
+                    "method": "emit",
+                    "event": "foo",
+                    "data": "bar",
+                    "namespace": "/",
+                    "room": "baz",
+                    "skip_sid": None,
+                    "callback": ("baz", "/", "123"),
+                    "host_id": "123456",
                 }
             )
 
     def test_emit_with_callback_without_server(self):
         standalone_pm = async_pubsub_manager.AsyncPubSubManager()
         with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
-            _run(standalone_pm.emit('foo', 'bar', callback='cb'))
+            _run(standalone_pm.emit("foo", "bar", callback="cb"))
 
     def test_emit_with_callback_missing_room(self):
-        with mock.patch.object(
-            self.pm, '_generate_ack_id', return_value='123'
-        ):
+        with mock.patch.object(self.pm, "_generate_ack_id", return_value="123"):
             with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                _run(self.pm.emit('foo', 'bar', callback='cb'))
+                _run(self.pm.emit("foo", "bar", callback="cb"))
 
     def test_emit_with_ignore_queue(self):
-        sid = _run(self.pm.connect('123', '/'))
-        _run(
-            self.pm.emit(
-                'foo', 'bar', room=sid, namespace='/', ignore_queue=True
-            )
-        )
+        sid = _run(self.pm.connect("123", "/"))
+        _run(self.pm.emit("foo", "bar", room=sid, namespace="/", ignore_queue=True))
         self.pm._publish.mock.assert_not_called()
         assert self.pm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_count == 1
-        assert self.pm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] \
-            == '123'
+        assert self.pm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.pm.server._send_eio_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42["foo","bar"]'
 
     def test_can_disconnect(self):
-        sid = _run(self.pm.connect('123', '/'))
-        assert _run(self.pm.can_disconnect(sid, '/')) is True
-        _run(self.pm.can_disconnect(sid, '/foo'))
+        sid = _run(self.pm.connect("123", "/"))
+        assert _run(self.pm.can_disconnect(sid, "/")) is True
+        _run(self.pm.can_disconnect(sid, "/foo"))
         self.pm._publish.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': sid, 'namespace': '/foo',
-             'host_id': '123456'}
+            {
+                "method": "disconnect",
+                "sid": sid,
+                "namespace": "/foo",
+                "host_id": "123456",
+            }
         )
 
     def test_disconnect(self):
-        _run(self.pm.disconnect('foo', '/'))
+        _run(self.pm.disconnect("foo", "/"))
         self.pm._publish.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': 'foo', 'namespace': '/',
-             'host_id': '123456'}
+            {
+                "method": "disconnect",
+                "sid": "foo",
+                "namespace": "/",
+                "host_id": "123456",
+            }
         )
 
     def test_disconnect_ignore_queue(self):
-        sid = _run(self.pm.connect('123', '/'))
-        self.pm.pre_disconnect(sid, '/')
-        _run(self.pm.disconnect(sid, '/', ignore_queue=True))
+        sid = _run(self.pm.connect("123", "/"))
+        self.pm.pre_disconnect(sid, "/")
+        _run(self.pm.disconnect(sid, "/", ignore_queue=True))
         self.pm._publish.mock.assert_not_called()
-        assert self.pm.is_connected(sid, '/') is False
+        assert self.pm.is_connected(sid, "/") is False
 
     def test_enter_room(self):
-        sid = _run(self.pm.connect('123', '/'))
-        _run(self.pm.enter_room(sid, '/', 'foo'))
-        _run(self.pm.enter_room('456', '/', 'foo'))
-        assert sid in self.pm.rooms['/']['foo']
-        assert self.pm.rooms['/']['foo'][sid] == '123'
+        sid = _run(self.pm.connect("123", "/"))
+        _run(self.pm.enter_room(sid, "/", "foo"))
+        _run(self.pm.enter_room("456", "/", "foo"))
+        assert sid in self.pm.rooms["/"]["foo"]
+        assert self.pm.rooms["/"]["foo"][sid] == "123"
         self.pm._publish.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'enter_room', 'sid': '456', 'room': 'foo',
-             'namespace': '/', 'host_id': '123456'}
+            {
+                "method": "enter_room",
+                "sid": "456",
+                "room": "foo",
+                "namespace": "/",
+                "host_id": "123456",
+            }
         )
 
     def test_leave_room(self):
-        sid = _run(self.pm.connect('123', '/'))
-        _run(self.pm.leave_room(sid, '/', 'foo'))
-        _run(self.pm.leave_room('456', '/', 'foo'))
-        assert 'foo' not in self.pm.rooms['/']
+        sid = _run(self.pm.connect("123", "/"))
+        _run(self.pm.leave_room(sid, "/", "foo"))
+        _run(self.pm.leave_room("456", "/", "foo"))
+        assert "foo" not in self.pm.rooms["/"]
         self.pm._publish.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'leave_room', 'sid': '456', 'room': 'foo',
-             'namespace': '/', 'host_id': '123456'}
+            {
+                "method": "leave_room",
+                "sid": "456",
+                "room": "foo",
+                "namespace": "/",
+                "host_id": "123456",
+            }
         )
 
     def test_close_room(self):
-        _run(self.pm.close_room('foo'))
+        _run(self.pm.close_room("foo"))
         self.pm._publish.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'close_room', 'room': 'foo', 'namespace': '/',
-             'host_id': '123456'}
+            {
+                "method": "close_room",
+                "room": "foo",
+                "namespace": "/",
+                "host_id": "123456",
+            }
         )
 
     def test_close_room_with_namespace(self):
-        _run(self.pm.close_room('foo', '/bar'))
+        _run(self.pm.close_room("foo", "/bar"))
         self.pm._publish.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'close_room', 'room': 'foo', 'namespace': '/bar',
-             'host_id': '123456'}
+            {
+                "method": "close_room",
+                "room": "foo",
+                "namespace": "/bar",
+                "host_id": "123456",
+            }
         )
 
     def test_handle_emit(self):
         with mock.patch.object(
-            async_manager.AsyncManager, 'emit', new=AsyncMock()
+            async_manager.AsyncManager, "emit", new=AsyncMock()
         ) as super_emit:
-            _run(self.pm._handle_emit({'event': 'foo', 'data': 'bar'}))
+            _run(self.pm._handle_emit({"event": "foo", "data": "bar"}))
             super_emit.mock.assert_called_once_with(
                 self.pm,
-                'foo',
-                'bar',
+                "foo",
+                "bar",
                 namespace=None,
                 room=None,
                 skip_sid=None,
@@ -233,18 +248,18 @@ class TestAsyncPubSubManager(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_handle_emit_with_namespace(self):
         with mock.patch.object(
-            async_manager.AsyncManager, 'emit', new=AsyncMock()
+            async_manager.AsyncManager, "emit", new=AsyncMock()
         ) as super_emit:
             _run(
                 self.pm._handle_emit(
-                    {'event': 'foo', 'data': 'bar', 'namespace': '/baz'}
+                    {"event": "foo", "data": "bar", "namespace": "/baz"}
                 )
             )
             super_emit.mock.assert_called_once_with(
                 self.pm,
-                'foo',
-                'bar',
-                namespace='/baz',
+                "foo",
+                "bar",
+                namespace="/baz",
                 room=None,
                 skip_sid=None,
                 callback=None,
@@ -252,135 +267,125 @@ class TestAsyncPubSubManager(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_handle_emit_with_room(self):
         with mock.patch.object(
-            async_manager.AsyncManager, 'emit', new=AsyncMock()
+            async_manager.AsyncManager, "emit", new=AsyncMock()
         ) as super_emit:
-            _run(
-                self.pm._handle_emit(
-                    {'event': 'foo', 'data': 'bar', 'room': 'baz'}
-                )
-            )
+            _run(self.pm._handle_emit({"event": "foo", "data": "bar", "room": "baz"}))
             super_emit.mock.assert_called_once_with(
                 self.pm,
-                'foo',
-                'bar',
+                "foo",
+                "bar",
                 namespace=None,
-                room='baz',
+                room="baz",
                 skip_sid=None,
                 callback=None,
             )
 
     def test_handle_emit_with_skip_sid(self):
         with mock.patch.object(
-            async_manager.AsyncManager, 'emit', new=AsyncMock()
+            async_manager.AsyncManager, "emit", new=AsyncMock()
         ) as super_emit:
             _run(
-                self.pm._handle_emit(
-                    {'event': 'foo', 'data': 'bar', 'skip_sid': '123'}
-                )
+                self.pm._handle_emit({"event": "foo", "data": "bar", "skip_sid": "123"})
             )
             super_emit.mock.assert_called_once_with(
                 self.pm,
-                'foo',
-                'bar',
+                "foo",
+                "bar",
                 namespace=None,
                 room=None,
-                skip_sid='123',
+                skip_sid="123",
                 callback=None,
             )
 
     def test_handle_emit_with_remote_callback(self):
         with mock.patch.object(
-            async_manager.AsyncManager, 'emit', new=AsyncMock()
+            async_manager.AsyncManager, "emit", new=AsyncMock()
         ) as super_emit:
             _run(
                 self.pm._handle_emit(
                     {
-                        'event': 'foo',
-                        'data': 'bar',
-                        'namespace': '/baz',
-                        'callback': ('sid', '/baz', 123),
-                        'host_id': 'x',
+                        "event": "foo",
+                        "data": "bar",
+                        "namespace": "/baz",
+                        "callback": ("sid", "/baz", 123),
+                        "host_id": "x",
                     }
                 )
             )
             assert super_emit.mock.call_count == 1
-            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[0] == (self.pm, 'foo', 'bar')
-            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[1]['namespace'] == '/baz'
-            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[1]['room'] is None
-            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[1]['skip_sid'] is None
+            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[0] == (self.pm, "foo", "bar")
+            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[1]["namespace"] == "/baz"
+            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[1]["room"] is None
+            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[1]["skip_sid"] is None
             assert isinstance(
-                super_emit.mock.call_args[1]['callback'], functools.partial
+                super_emit.mock.call_args[1]["callback"], functools.partial
             )
-            _run(super_emit.mock.call_args[1]['callback']('one', 2, 'three'))
+            _run(super_emit.mock.call_args[1]["callback"]("one", 2, "three"))
             self.pm._publish.mock.assert_called_once_with(
                 {
-                    'method': 'callback',
-                    'host_id': 'x',
-                    'sid': 'sid',
-                    'namespace': '/baz',
-                    'id': 123,
-                    'args': ('one', 2, 'three'),
+                    "method": "callback",
+                    "host_id": "x",
+                    "sid": "sid",
+                    "namespace": "/baz",
+                    "id": 123,
+                    "args": ("one", 2, "three"),
                 }
             )
 
     def test_handle_emit_with_local_callback(self):
         with mock.patch.object(
-            async_manager.AsyncManager, 'emit', new=AsyncMock()
+            async_manager.AsyncManager, "emit", new=AsyncMock()
         ) as super_emit:
             _run(
                 self.pm._handle_emit(
                     {
-                        'event': 'foo',
-                        'data': 'bar',
-                        'namespace': '/baz',
-                        'callback': ('sid', '/baz', 123),
-                        'host_id': self.pm.host_id,
+                        "event": "foo",
+                        "data": "bar",
+                        "namespace": "/baz",
+                        "callback": ("sid", "/baz", 123),
+                        "host_id": self.pm.host_id,
                     }
                 )
             )
             assert super_emit.mock.call_count == 1
-            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[0] == (self.pm, 'foo', 'bar')
-            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[1]['namespace'] == '/baz'
-            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[1]['room'] is None
-            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[1]['skip_sid'] is None
+            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[0] == (self.pm, "foo", "bar")
+            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[1]["namespace"] == "/baz"
+            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[1]["room"] is None
+            assert super_emit.mock.call_args[1]["skip_sid"] is None
             assert isinstance(
-                super_emit.mock.call_args[1]['callback'], functools.partial
+                super_emit.mock.call_args[1]["callback"], functools.partial
             )
-            _run(super_emit.mock.call_args[1]['callback']('one', 2, 'three'))
+            _run(super_emit.mock.call_args[1]["callback"]("one", 2, "three"))
             self.pm._publish.mock.assert_not_called()
 
     def test_handle_callback(self):
         host_id = self.pm.host_id
-        with mock.patch.object(
-            self.pm, 'trigger_callback', new=AsyncMock()
-        ) as trigger:
+        with mock.patch.object(self.pm, "trigger_callback", new=AsyncMock()) as trigger:
             _run(
                 self.pm._handle_callback(
                     {
-                        'method': 'callback',
-                        'host_id': host_id,
-                        'sid': 'sid',
-                        'namespace': '/',
-                        'id': 123,
-                        'args': ('one', 2),
+                        "method": "callback",
+                        "host_id": host_id,
+                        "sid": "sid",
+                        "namespace": "/",
+                        "id": 123,
+                        "args": ("one", 2),
                     }
                 )
             )
-            trigger.mock.assert_called_once_with('sid', 123, ('one', 2))
+            trigger.mock.assert_called_once_with("sid", 123, ("one", 2))
 
     def test_handle_callback_bad_host_id(self):
-        with mock.patch.object(
-            self.pm, 'trigger_callback', new=AsyncMock()
-        ) as trigger:
+        with mock.patch.object(self.pm, "trigger_callback", new=AsyncMock()) as trigger:
             _run(
                 self.pm._handle_callback(
                     {
-                        'method': 'callback',
-                        'host_id': 'bad',
-                        'sid': 'sid',
-                        'namespace': '/',
-                        'id': 123,
-                        'args': ('one', 2),
+                        "method": "callback",
+                        "host_id": "bad",
+                        "sid": "sid",
+                        "namespace": "/",
+                        "id": 123,
+                        "args": ("one", 2),
                     }
                 )
             )
@@ -388,122 +393,124 @@ class TestAsyncPubSubManager(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_handle_callback_missing_args(self):
         host_id = self.pm.host_id
-        with mock.patch.object(
-            self.pm, 'trigger_callback', new=AsyncMock()
-        ) as trigger:
+        with mock.patch.object(self.pm, "trigger_callback", new=AsyncMock()) as trigger:
             _run(
                 self.pm._handle_callback(
                     {
-                        'method': 'callback',
-                        'host_id': host_id,
-                        'sid': 'sid',
-                        'namespace': '/',
-                        'id': 123,
+                        "method": "callback",
+                        "host_id": host_id,
+                        "sid": "sid",
+                        "namespace": "/",
+                        "id": 123,
                     }
                 )
             )
             _run(
                 self.pm._handle_callback(
                     {
-                        'method': 'callback',
-                        'host_id': host_id,
-                        'sid': 'sid',
-                        'namespace': '/',
+                        "method": "callback",
+                        "host_id": host_id,
+                        "sid": "sid",
+                        "namespace": "/",
                     }
                 )
             )
             _run(
                 self.pm._handle_callback(
-                    {'method': 'callback', 'host_id': host_id, 'sid': 'sid'}
-                )
-            )
-            _run(
-                self.pm._handle_callback(
-                    {'method': 'callback', 'host_id': host_id}
+                    {"method": "callback", "host_id": host_id, "sid": "sid"}
                 )
             )
+            _run(self.pm._handle_callback({"method": "callback", "host_id": host_id}))
             assert trigger.mock.call_count == 0
 
     def test_handle_disconnect(self):
         _run(
             self.pm._handle_disconnect(
-                {'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo'}
+                {"method": "disconnect", "sid": "123", "namespace": "/foo"}
             )
         )
         self.pm.server.disconnect.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            sid='123', namespace='/foo', ignore_queue=True
+            sid="123", namespace="/foo", ignore_queue=True
         )
 
     def test_handle_enter_room(self):
-        sid = _run(self.pm.connect('123', '/'))
+        sid = _run(self.pm.connect("123", "/"))
         with mock.patch.object(
-            async_manager.AsyncManager, 'enter_room', new=AsyncMock()
+            async_manager.AsyncManager, "enter_room", new=AsyncMock()
         ) as super_enter_room:
             _run(
                 self.pm._handle_enter_room(
-                    {'method': 'enter_room', 'sid': sid, 'namespace': '/',
-                     'room': 'foo'}
+                    {
+                        "method": "enter_room",
+                        "sid": sid,
+                        "namespace": "/",
+                        "room": "foo",
+                    }
                 )
             )
             _run(
                 self.pm._handle_enter_room(
-                    {'method': 'enter_room', 'sid': '456', 'namespace': '/',
-                     'room': 'foo'}
+                    {
+                        "method": "enter_room",
+                        "sid": "456",
+                        "namespace": "/",
+                        "room": "foo",
+                    }
                 )
             )
-            super_enter_room.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-                self.pm, sid, '/', 'foo'
-            )
+            super_enter_room.mock.assert_called_once_with(self.pm, sid, "/", "foo")
 
     def test_handle_leave_room(self):
-        sid = _run(self.pm.connect('123', '/'))
+        sid = _run(self.pm.connect("123", "/"))
         with mock.patch.object(
-            async_manager.AsyncManager, 'leave_room', new=AsyncMock()
+            async_manager.AsyncManager, "leave_room", new=AsyncMock()
         ) as super_leave_room:
             _run(
                 self.pm._handle_leave_room(
-                    {'method': 'leave_room', 'sid': sid, 'namespace': '/',
-                     'room': 'foo'}
+                    {
+                        "method": "leave_room",
+                        "sid": sid,
+                        "namespace": "/",
+                        "room": "foo",
+                    }
                 )
             )
             _run(
                 self.pm._handle_leave_room(
-                    {'method': 'leave_room', 'sid': '456', 'namespace': '/',
-                     'room': 'foo'}
+                    {
+                        "method": "leave_room",
+                        "sid": "456",
+                        "namespace": "/",
+                        "room": "foo",
+                    }
                 )
             )
-            super_leave_room.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-                self.pm, sid, '/', 'foo'
-            )
+            super_leave_room.mock.assert_called_once_with(self.pm, sid, "/", "foo")
 
     def test_handle_close_room(self):
         with mock.patch.object(
-            async_manager.AsyncManager, 'close_room', new=AsyncMock()
+            async_manager.AsyncManager, "close_room", new=AsyncMock()
         ) as super_close_room:
-            _run(
-                self.pm._handle_close_room(
-                    {'method': 'close_room', 'room': 'foo'}
-                )
-            )
+            _run(self.pm._handle_close_room({"method": "close_room", "room": "foo"}))
             super_close_room.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-                self.pm, room='foo', namespace=None
+                self.pm, room="foo", namespace=None
             )
 
     def test_handle_close_room_with_namespace(self):
         with mock.patch.object(
-            async_manager.AsyncManager, 'close_room', new=AsyncMock()
+            async_manager.AsyncManager, "close_room", new=AsyncMock()
         ) as super_close_room:
             _run(
                 self.pm._handle_close_room(
                     {
-                        'method': 'close_room',
-                        'room': 'foo',
-                        'namespace': '/bar',
+                        "method": "close_room",
+                        "room": "foo",
+                        "namespace": "/bar",
                     }
                 )
             )
             super_close_room.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-                self.pm, room='foo', namespace='/bar'
+                self.pm, room="foo", namespace="/bar"
             )
 
     def test_background_thread(self):
@@ -518,73 +525,101 @@ class TestAsyncPubSubManager(unittest.TestCase):
         async def messages():
             import pickle
 
-            yield {'method': 'emit', 'value': 'foo', 'host_id': 'x'}
-            yield {'missing': 'method', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            yield {"method": "emit", "value": "foo", "host_id": "x"}
+            yield {"missing": "method", "host_id": "x"}
             yield '{"method": "callback", "value": "bar", "host_id": "x"}'
-            yield {'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo',
-                   'host_id': 'x'}
-            yield {'method': 'bogus', 'host_id': 'x'}
-            yield pickle.dumps({'method': 'close_room', 'value': 'baz',
-                                'host_id': 'x'})
-            yield {'method': 'enter_room', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo',
-                   'room': 'room', 'host_id': 'x'}
-            yield {'method': 'leave_room', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo',
-                   'room': 'room', 'host_id': 'x'}
-            yield 'bad json'
-            yield b'bad pickled'
+            yield {
+                "method": "disconnect",
+                "sid": "123",
+                "namespace": "/foo",
+                "host_id": "x",
+            }
+            yield {"method": "bogus", "host_id": "x"}
+            yield pickle.dumps({"method": "close_room", "value": "baz", "host_id": "x"})
+            yield {
+                "method": "enter_room",
+                "sid": "123",
+                "namespace": "/foo",
+                "room": "room",
+                "host_id": "x",
+            }
+            yield {
+                "method": "leave_room",
+                "sid": "123",
+                "namespace": "/foo",
+                "room": "room",
+                "host_id": "x",
+            }
+            yield "bad json"
+            yield b"bad pickled"
 
             # these should not publish anything on the queue, as they come from
             # the same host
-            yield {'method': 'emit', 'value': 'foo', 'host_id': host_id}
-            yield {'method': 'callback', 'value': 'bar', 'host_id': host_id}
-            yield {'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo',
-                   'host_id': host_id}
-            yield pickle.dumps({'method': 'close_room', 'value': 'baz',
-                                'host_id': host_id})
+            yield {"method": "emit", "value": "foo", "host_id": host_id}
+            yield {"method": "callback", "value": "bar", "host_id": host_id}
+            yield {
+                "method": "disconnect",
+                "sid": "123",
+                "namespace": "/foo",
+                "host_id": host_id,
+            }
+            yield pickle.dumps(
+                {"method": "close_room", "value": "baz", "host_id": host_id}
+            )
             raise asyncio.CancelledError()  # force the thread to exit
 
         self.pm._listen = messages
         _run(self.pm._thread())
 
         self.pm._handle_emit.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'emit', 'value': 'foo', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            {"method": "emit", "value": "foo", "host_id": "x"}
         )
         self.pm._handle_callback.mock.assert_any_call(
-            {'method': 'callback', 'value': 'bar', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            {"method": "callback", "value": "bar", "host_id": "x"}
         )
         self.pm._handle_callback.mock.assert_any_call(
-            {'method': 'callback', 'value': 'bar', 'host_id': host_id}
+            {"method": "callback", "value": "bar", "host_id": host_id}
         )
         self.pm._handle_disconnect.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo',
-             'host_id': 'x'}
+            {"method": "disconnect", "sid": "123", "namespace": "/foo", "host_id": "x"}
         )
         self.pm._handle_enter_room.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'enter_room', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo',
-             'room': 'room', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            {
+                "method": "enter_room",
+                "sid": "123",
+                "namespace": "/foo",
+                "room": "room",
+                "host_id": "x",
+            }
         )
         self.pm._handle_leave_room.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'leave_room', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo',
-             'room': 'room', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            {
+                "method": "leave_room",
+                "sid": "123",
+                "namespace": "/foo",
+                "room": "room",
+                "host_id": "x",
+            }
         )
         self.pm._handle_close_room.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'close_room', 'value': 'baz', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            {"method": "close_room", "value": "baz", "host_id": "x"}
         )
 
     def test_background_thread_exception(self):
-        self.pm._handle_emit = AsyncMock(side_effect=[ValueError(),
-                                                      asyncio.CancelledError])
+        self.pm._handle_emit = AsyncMock(
+            side_effect=[ValueError(), asyncio.CancelledError]
+        )
 
         async def messages():
-            yield {'method': 'emit', 'value': 'foo', 'host_id': 'x'}
-            yield {'method': 'emit', 'value': 'bar', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            yield {"method": "emit", "value": "foo", "host_id": "x"}
+            yield {"method": "emit", "value": "bar", "host_id": "x"}
 
         self.pm._listen = messages
         _run(self.pm._thread())
 
         self.pm._handle_emit.mock.assert_any_call(
-            {'method': 'emit', 'value': 'foo', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            {"method": "emit", "value": "foo", "host_id": "x"}
         )
         self.pm._handle_emit.mock.assert_called_with(
-            {'method': 'emit', 'value': 'bar', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            {"method": "emit", "value": "bar", "host_id": "x"}
         )
diff --git a/tests/async/test_server.py b/tests/async/test_server.py
index 2f84b5f..1522c65 100644
--- a/tests/async/test_server.py
+++ b/tests/async/test_server.py
@@ -16,10 +16,14 @@ from socketio import packet
 from .helpers import AsyncMock, _run
 
 
-@unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info < (3, 5), 'only for Python 3.5+')
-@mock.patch('socketio.server.engineio.AsyncServer', **{
-    'return_value.generate_id.side_effect': [str(i) for i in range(1, 10)],
-    'return_value.send_packet': AsyncMock()})
+@unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info < (3, 5), "only for Python 3.5+")
+@mock.patch(
+    "socketio.server.engineio.AsyncServer",
+    **{
+        "return_value.generate_id.side_effect": [str(i) for i in range(1, 10)],
+        "return_value.send_packet": AsyncMock(),
+    },
+)
 class TestAsyncServer(unittest.TestCase):
     def tearDown(self):
         # restore JSON encoder, in case a test changed it
@@ -38,78 +42,76 @@ class TestAsyncServer(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_create(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.handle_request = AsyncMock()
         mgr = self._get_mock_manager()
-        s = async_server.AsyncServer(
-            client_manager=mgr, async_handlers=True, foo='bar'
-        )
+        s = async_server.AsyncServer(client_manager=mgr, async_handlers=True, foo="bar")
         _run(s.handle_request({}))
         _run(s.handle_request({}))
-        eio.assert_called_once_with(**{'foo': 'bar', 'async_handlers': False})
+        eio.assert_called_once_with(**{"foo": "bar", "async_handlers": False})
         assert s.manager == mgr
         assert s.eio.on.call_count == 3
         assert s.async_handlers
 
     def test_attach(self, eio):
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        s.attach('app', 'path')
-        eio.return_value.attach.assert_called_once_with('app', 'path')
+        s.attach("app", "path")
+        eio.return_value.attach.assert_called_once_with("app", "path")
 
     def test_on_event(self, eio):
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
 
-        @s.on('connect')
+        @s.on("connect")
         def foo():
             pass
 
         def bar():
             pass
 
-        s.on('disconnect', bar)
-        s.on('disconnect', bar, namespace='/foo')
+        s.on("disconnect", bar)
+        s.on("disconnect", bar, namespace="/foo")
 
-        assert s.handlers['/']['connect'] == foo
-        assert s.handlers['/']['disconnect'] == bar
-        assert s.handlers['/foo']['disconnect'] == bar
+        assert s.handlers["/"]["connect"] == foo
+        assert s.handlers["/"]["disconnect"] == bar
+        assert s.handlers["/foo"]["disconnect"] == bar
 
     def test_emit(self, eio):
         mgr = self._get_mock_manager()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(client_manager=mgr)
         _run(
             s.emit(
-                'my event',
-                {'foo': 'bar'},
-                to='room',
-                skip_sid='123',
-                namespace='/foo',
-                callback='cb',
+                "my event",
+                {"foo": "bar"},
+                to="room",
+                skip_sid="123",
+                namespace="/foo",
+                callback="cb",
             )
         )
         s.manager.emit.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'my event',
-            {'foo': 'bar'},
-            '/foo',
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            callback='cb',
+            "my event",
+            {"foo": "bar"},
+            "/foo",
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=False,
         )
         _run(
             s.emit(
-                'my event',
-                {'foo': 'bar'},
-                room='room',
-                skip_sid='123',
-                namespace='/foo',
-                callback='cb',
+                "my event",
+                {"foo": "bar"},
+                room="room",
+                skip_sid="123",
+                namespace="/foo",
+                callback="cb",
                 ignore_queue=True,
             )
         )
         s.manager.emit.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'my event',
-            {'foo': 'bar'},
-            '/foo',
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            callback='cb',
+            "my event",
+            {"foo": "bar"},
+            "/foo",
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
 
@@ -118,39 +120,39 @@ class TestAsyncServer(unittest.TestCase):
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(client_manager=mgr)
         _run(
             s.emit(
-                'my event',
-                {'foo': 'bar'},
-                to='room',
-                skip_sid='123',
-                callback='cb',
+                "my event",
+                {"foo": "bar"},
+                to="room",
+                skip_sid="123",
+                callback="cb",
             )
         )
         s.manager.emit.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'my event',
-            {'foo': 'bar'},
-            '/',
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            callback='cb',
+            "my event",
+            {"foo": "bar"},
+            "/",
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=False,
         )
         _run(
             s.emit(
-                'my event',
-                {'foo': 'bar'},
-                room='room',
-                skip_sid='123',
-                callback='cb',
+                "my event",
+                {"foo": "bar"},
+                room="room",
+                skip_sid="123",
+                callback="cb",
                 ignore_queue=True,
             )
         )
         s.manager.emit.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'my event',
-            {'foo': 'bar'},
-            '/',
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            callback='cb',
+            "my event",
+            {"foo": "bar"},
+            "/",
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
 
@@ -159,39 +161,39 @@ class TestAsyncServer(unittest.TestCase):
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(client_manager=mgr)
         _run(
             s.send(
-                'foo',
-                to='room',
-                skip_sid='123',
-                namespace='/foo',
-                callback='cb',
+                "foo",
+                to="room",
+                skip_sid="123",
+                namespace="/foo",
+                callback="cb",
             )
         )
         s.manager.emit.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'message',
-            'foo',
-            '/foo',
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            callback='cb',
+            "message",
+            "foo",
+            "/foo",
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=False,
         )
         _run(
             s.send(
-                'foo',
-                room='room',
-                skip_sid='123',
-                namespace='/foo',
-                callback='cb',
+                "foo",
+                room="room",
+                skip_sid="123",
+                namespace="/foo",
+                callback="cb",
                 ignore_queue=True,
             )
         )
         s.manager.emit.mock.assert_called_with(
-            'message',
-            'foo',
-            '/foo',
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            callback='cb',
+            "message",
+            "foo",
+            "/foo",
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
 
@@ -200,11 +202,11 @@ class TestAsyncServer(unittest.TestCase):
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(client_manager=mgr)
 
         async def fake_event_wait():
-            s.manager.emit.mock.call_args_list[0][1]['callback']('foo', 321)
+            s.manager.emit.mock.call_args_list[0][1]["callback"]("foo", 321)
             return True
 
         s.eio.create_event.return_value.wait = fake_event_wait
-        assert _run(s.call('foo', sid='123')) == ('foo', 321)
+        assert _run(s.call("foo", sid="123")) == ("foo", 321)
 
     def test_call_with_timeout(self, eio):
         mgr = self._get_mock_manager()
@@ -215,118 +217,115 @@ class TestAsyncServer(unittest.TestCase):
 
         s.eio.create_event.return_value.wait = fake_event_wait
         with pytest.raises(exceptions.TimeoutError):
-            _run(s.call('foo', sid='123', timeout=0.01))
+            _run(s.call("foo", sid="123", timeout=0.01))
 
     def test_call_with_broadcast(self, eio):
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            _run(s.call('foo'))
+            _run(s.call("foo"))
 
     def test_call_without_async_handlers(self, eio):
         mgr = self._get_mock_manager()
-        s = async_server.AsyncServer(
-            client_manager=mgr, async_handlers=False
-        )
+        s = async_server.AsyncServer(client_manager=mgr, async_handlers=False)
         with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
-            _run(s.call('foo', sid='123', timeout=12))
+            _run(s.call("foo", sid="123", timeout=12))
 
     def test_enter_room(self, eio):
         mgr = self._get_mock_manager()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(client_manager=mgr)
-        _run(s.enter_room('123', 'room', namespace='/foo'))
-        s.manager.enter_room.mock.assert_called_once_with('123', '/foo',
-                                                          'room')
+        _run(s.enter_room("123", "room", namespace="/foo"))
+        s.manager.enter_room.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", "/foo", "room")
 
     def test_enter_room_default_namespace(self, eio):
         mgr = self._get_mock_manager()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(client_manager=mgr)
-        _run(s.enter_room('123', 'room'))
-        s.manager.enter_room.mock.assert_called_once_with('123', '/', 'room')
+        _run(s.enter_room("123", "room"))
+        s.manager.enter_room.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", "/", "room")
 
     def test_leave_room(self, eio):
         mgr = self._get_mock_manager()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(client_manager=mgr)
-        _run(s.leave_room('123', 'room', namespace='/foo'))
-        s.manager.leave_room.mock.assert_called_once_with('123', '/foo',
-                                                          'room')
+        _run(s.leave_room("123", "room", namespace="/foo"))
+        s.manager.leave_room.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", "/foo", "room")
 
     def test_leave_room_default_namespace(self, eio):
         mgr = self._get_mock_manager()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(client_manager=mgr)
-        _run(s.leave_room('123', 'room'))
-        s.manager.leave_room.mock.assert_called_once_with('123', '/', 'room')
+        _run(s.leave_room("123", "room"))
+        s.manager.leave_room.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", "/", "room")
 
     def test_close_room(self, eio):
         mgr = self._get_mock_manager()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(client_manager=mgr)
-        _run(s.close_room('room', namespace='/foo'))
-        s.manager.close_room.mock.assert_called_once_with('room', '/foo')
+        _run(s.close_room("room", namespace="/foo"))
+        s.manager.close_room.mock.assert_called_once_with("room", "/foo")
 
     def test_close_room_default_namespace(self, eio):
         mgr = self._get_mock_manager()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(client_manager=mgr)
-        _run(s.close_room('room'))
-        s.manager.close_room.mock.assert_called_once_with('room', '/')
+        _run(s.close_room("room"))
+        s.manager.close_room.mock.assert_called_once_with("room", "/")
 
     def test_rooms(self, eio):
         mgr = self._get_mock_manager()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(client_manager=mgr)
-        s.rooms('123', namespace='/foo')
-        s.manager.get_rooms.assert_called_once_with('123', '/foo')
+        s.rooms("123", namespace="/foo")
+        s.manager.get_rooms.assert_called_once_with("123", "/foo")
 
     def test_rooms_default_namespace(self, eio):
         mgr = self._get_mock_manager()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(client_manager=mgr)
-        s.rooms('123')
-        s.manager.get_rooms.assert_called_once_with('123', '/')
+        s.rooms("123")
+        s.manager.get_rooms.assert_called_once_with("123", "/")
 
     def test_handle_request(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.handle_request = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        _run(s.handle_request('environ'))
-        s.eio.handle_request.mock.assert_called_once_with('environ')
+        _run(s.handle_request("environ"))
+        s.eio.handle_request.mock.assert_called_once_with("environ")
 
     def test_send_packet(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        _run(s._send_packet('123', packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, ['my event', 'my data'], namespace='/foo')))
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            '123', '2/foo,["my event","my data"]'
+        _run(
+            s._send_packet(
+                "123",
+                packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, ["my event", "my data"], namespace="/foo"),
+            )
         )
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", '2/foo,["my event","my data"]')
 
     def test_send_eio_packet(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        _run(s._send_eio_packet('123', eio_packet.Packet(
-            eio_packet.MESSAGE, 'hello')))
+        _run(s._send_eio_packet("123", eio_packet.Packet(eio_packet.MESSAGE, "hello")))
         assert s.eio.send_packet.mock.call_count == 1
-        assert s.eio.send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] == '123'
+        assert s.eio.send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = s.eio.send_packet.mock.call_args_list[0][0][1]
-        assert pkt.encode() == '4hello'
+        assert pkt.encode() == "4hello"
 
     def test_transport(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        s.eio.transport = mock.MagicMock(return_value='polling')
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('foo', 'environ'))
-        assert s.transport('foo') == 'polling'
-        s.eio.transport.assert_called_once_with('foo')
+        s.eio.transport = mock.MagicMock(return_value="polling")
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("foo", "environ"))
+        assert s.transport("foo") == "polling"
+        s.eio.transport.assert_called_once_with("foo")
 
     def test_handle_connect(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
         s.manager.initialize = mock.MagicMock()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with('123', '0{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", '0{"sid":"1"}')
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('456', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('456', '0'))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("456", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("456", "0"))
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
 
     def test_handle_connect_with_auth(self, eio):
@@ -334,15 +333,15 @@ class TestAsyncServer(unittest.TestCase):
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
         s.manager.initialize = mock.MagicMock()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0{"token":"abc"}'))
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ', {'token': 'abc'})
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with('123', '0{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '0{"token":"abc"}'))
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ", {"token": "abc"})
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", '0{"sid":"1"}')
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('456', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('456', '0'))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("456", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("456", "0"))
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
 
     def test_handle_connect_with_auth_none(self, eio):
@@ -350,15 +349,15 @@ class TestAsyncServer(unittest.TestCase):
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
         s.manager.initialize = mock.MagicMock()
         handler = mock.MagicMock(side_effect=[TypeError, None, None])
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.assert_called_with('1', 'environ', None)
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with('123', '0{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.assert_called_with("1", "environ", None)
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", '0{"sid":"1"}')
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('456', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('456', '0'))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("456", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("456", "0"))
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
 
     def test_handle_connect_async(self, eio):
@@ -366,450 +365,450 @@ class TestAsyncServer(unittest.TestCase):
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
         s.manager.initialize = mock.MagicMock()
         handler = AsyncMock()
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.mock.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with('123', '0{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.mock.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", '0{"sid":"1"}')
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('456', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('456', '0'))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("456", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("456", "0"))
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
 
     def test_handle_connect_with_default_implied_namespaces(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,'))
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('2', '/foo')
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,"))
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("2", "/foo")
 
     def test_handle_connect_with_implied_namespaces(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
-        s = async_server.AsyncServer(namespaces=['/foo'])
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,'))
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
+        s = async_server.AsyncServer(namespaces=["/foo"])
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,"))
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
 
     def test_handle_connect_with_all_implied_namespaces(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
-        s = async_server.AsyncServer(namespaces='*')
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,'))
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('2', '/foo')
+        s = async_server.AsyncServer(namespaces="*")
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,"))
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("2", "/foo")
 
     def test_handle_connect_namespace(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('connect', handler, namespace='/foo')
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,'))
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with('123', '0/foo,{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.on("connect", handler, namespace="/foo")
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,"))
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", '0/foo,{"sid":"1"}')
 
     def test_handle_connect_always_connect(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(always_connect=True)
         s.manager.initialize = mock.MagicMock()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with('123', '0{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", '0{"sid":"1"}')
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('456', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('456', '0'))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("456", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("456", "0"))
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
 
     def test_handle_connect_rejected(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
         handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=False)
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
         s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            '123', '4{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+            "123", '4{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}'
+        )
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_namespace_rejected(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
         handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=False)
-        s.on('connect', handler, namespace='/foo')
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,'))
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
+        s.on("connect", handler, namespace="/foo")
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,"))
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
         s.eio.send.mock.assert_any_call(
-            '123', '4/foo,{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+            "123", '4/foo,{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}'
+        )
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_rejected_always_connect(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(always_connect=True)
         handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=False)
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_any_call('123', '0{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_any_call("123", '0{"sid":"1"}')
         s.eio.send.mock.assert_any_call(
-            '123', '1{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+            "123", '1{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}'
+        )
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_namespace_rejected_always_connect(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(always_connect=True)
         handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=False)
-        s.on('connect', handler, namespace='/foo')
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,'))
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_any_call('123', '0/foo,{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.on("connect", handler, namespace="/foo")
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,"))
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_any_call("123", '0/foo,{"sid":"1"}')
         s.eio.send.mock.assert_any_call(
-            '123', '1/foo,{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+            "123", '1/foo,{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}'
+        )
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_rejected_with_exception(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
         handler = mock.MagicMock(
-            side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError('fail_reason')
+            side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError("fail_reason")
         )
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            '123', '4{"message":"fail_reason"}')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", '4{"message":"fail_reason"}')
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_rejected_with_empty_exception(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        handler = mock.MagicMock(
-            side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError()
-        )
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
+        handler = mock.MagicMock(side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError())
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
         s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            '123', '4{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+            "123", '4{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}'
+        )
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_namespace_rejected_with_exception(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
         handler = mock.MagicMock(
-            side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError(
-                'fail_reason', 1, '2')
+            side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError("fail_reason", 1, "2")
         )
-        s.on('connect', handler, namespace='/foo')
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,'))
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
+        s.on("connect", handler, namespace="/foo")
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,"))
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
         s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            '123', '4/foo,{"message":"fail_reason","data":[1,"2"]}')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+            "123", '4/foo,{"message":"fail_reason","data":[1,"2"]}'
+        )
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_namespace_rejected_with_empty_exception(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        handler = mock.MagicMock(
-            side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError()
-        )
-        s.on('connect', handler, namespace='/foo')
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,'))
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
+        handler = mock.MagicMock(side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError())
+        s.on("connect", handler, namespace="/foo")
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,"))
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
         s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            '123', '4/foo,{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+            "123", '4/foo,{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}'
+        )
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_disconnect(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
         s.manager.disconnect = AsyncMock()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('disconnect', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_disconnect('123'))
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1')
-        s.manager.disconnect.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            '1', '/', ignore_queue=True)
+        s.on("disconnect", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_disconnect("123"))
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1")
+        s.manager.disconnect.mock.assert_called_once_with("1", "/", ignore_queue=True)
         assert s.environ == {}
 
     def test_handle_disconnect_namespace(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('disconnect', handler)
+        s.on("disconnect", handler)
         handler_namespace = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('disconnect', handler_namespace, namespace='/foo')
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_disconnect('123'))
+        s.on("disconnect", handler_namespace, namespace="/foo")
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_disconnect("123"))
         handler.assert_not_called()
-        handler_namespace.assert_called_once_with('1')
+        handler_namespace.assert_called_once_with("1")
         assert s.environ == {}
 
     def test_handle_disconnect_only_namespace(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('disconnect', handler)
+        s.on("disconnect", handler)
         handler_namespace = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('disconnect', handler_namespace, namespace='/foo')
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '1/foo,'))
+        s.on("disconnect", handler_namespace, namespace="/foo")
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "1/foo,"))
         assert handler.call_count == 0
-        handler_namespace.assert_called_once_with('1')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+        handler_namespace.assert_called_once_with("1")
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_disconnect_unknown_client(self, eio):
         mgr = self._get_mock_manager()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(client_manager=mgr)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_disconnect('123'))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_disconnect("123"))
 
     def test_handle_event(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(async_handlers=False)
-        sid = _run(s.manager.connect('123', '/'))
+        sid = _run(s.manager.connect("123", "/"))
         handler = AsyncMock()
         catchall_handler = AsyncMock()
-        s.on('msg', handler)
-        s.on('*', catchall_handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '2["msg","a","b"]'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '2["my message","a","b","c"]'))
-        handler.mock.assert_called_once_with(sid, 'a', 'b')
-        catchall_handler.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'my message', sid, 'a', 'b', 'c')
+        s.on("msg", handler)
+        s.on("*", catchall_handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '2["msg","a","b"]'))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '2["my message","a","b","c"]'))
+        handler.mock.assert_called_once_with(sid, "a", "b")
+        catchall_handler.mock.assert_called_once_with("my message", sid, "a", "b", "c")
 
     def test_handle_event_with_namespace(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(async_handlers=False)
-        sid = _run(s.manager.connect('123', '/foo'))
+        sid = _run(s.manager.connect("123", "/foo"))
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
         catchall_handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('msg', handler, namespace='/foo')
-        s.on('*', catchall_handler, namespace='/foo')
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '2/foo,["msg","a","b"]'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '2/foo,["my message","a","b","c"]'))
-        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, 'a', 'b')
-        catchall_handler.assert_called_once_with(
-            'my message', sid, 'a', 'b', 'c')
+        s.on("msg", handler, namespace="/foo")
+        s.on("*", catchall_handler, namespace="/foo")
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '2/foo,["msg","a","b"]'))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '2/foo,["my message","a","b","c"]'))
+        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, "a", "b")
+        catchall_handler.assert_called_once_with("my message", sid, "a", "b", "c")
 
     def test_handle_event_with_disconnected_namespace(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(async_handlers=False)
-        _run(s.manager.connect('123', '/foo'))
+        _run(s.manager.connect("123", "/foo"))
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('my message', handler, namespace='/bar')
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '2/bar,["my message","a","b","c"]'))
+        s.on("my message", handler, namespace="/bar")
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '2/bar,["my message","a","b","c"]'))
         handler.assert_not_called()
 
     def test_handle_event_binary(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(async_handlers=False)
-        sid = _run(s.manager.connect('123', '/'))
+        sid = _run(s.manager.connect("123", "/"))
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('my message', handler)
+        s.on("my message", handler)
         _run(
             s._handle_eio_message(
-                '123',
+                "123",
                 '52-["my message","a",'
                 '{"_placeholder":true,"num":1},'
                 '{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}]',
             )
         )
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', b'foo'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', b'bar'))
-        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, 'a', b'bar', b'foo')
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", b"foo"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", b"bar"))
+        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, "a", b"bar", b"foo")
 
     def test_handle_event_binary_ack(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(async_handlers=False)
         s.manager.trigger_callback = AsyncMock()
-        sid = _run(s.manager.connect('123', '/'))
+        sid = _run(s.manager.connect("123", "/"))
         _run(
             s._handle_eio_message(
-                '123',
+                "123",
                 '61-321["my message","a",' '{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}]',
             )
         )
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', b'foo'))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", b"foo"))
         s.manager.trigger_callback.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            sid, 321, ['my message', 'a', b'foo']
+            sid, 321, ["my message", "a", b"foo"]
         )
 
     def test_handle_event_with_ack(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(async_handlers=False)
-        sid = _run(s.manager.connect('123', '/'))
-        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value='foo')
-        s.on('my message', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '21000["my message","foo"]'))
-        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, 'foo')
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            '123', '31000["foo"]'
-        )
+        sid = _run(s.manager.connect("123", "/"))
+        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value="foo")
+        s.on("my message", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '21000["my message","foo"]'))
+        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, "foo")
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", '31000["foo"]')
 
     def test_handle_unknown_event_with_ack(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(async_handlers=False)
-        _run(s.manager.connect('123', '/'))
-        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value='foo')
-        s.on('my message', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '21000["another message","foo"]'))
+        _run(s.manager.connect("123", "/"))
+        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value="foo")
+        s.on("my message", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '21000["another message","foo"]'))
         s.eio.send.mock.assert_not_called()
 
     def test_handle_event_with_ack_none(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(async_handlers=False)
-        sid = _run(s.manager.connect('123', '/'))
+        sid = _run(s.manager.connect("123", "/"))
         handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=None)
-        s.on('my message', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '21000["my message","foo"]'))
-        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, 'foo')
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with('123', '31000[]')
+        s.on("my message", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '21000["my message","foo"]'))
+        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, "foo")
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", "31000[]")
 
     def test_handle_event_with_ack_tuple(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(async_handlers=False)
-        sid = _run(s.manager.connect('123', '/'))
-        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=(1, '2', True))
-        s.on('my message', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '21000["my message","a","b","c"]'))
-        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, 'a', 'b', 'c')
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            '123', '31000[1,"2",true]'
-        )
+        sid = _run(s.manager.connect("123", "/"))
+        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=(1, "2", True))
+        s.on("my message", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '21000["my message","a","b","c"]'))
+        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, "a", "b", "c")
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", '31000[1,"2",true]')
 
     def test_handle_event_with_ack_list(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(async_handlers=False)
-        sid = _run(s.manager.connect('123', '/'))
-        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=[1, '2', True])
-        s.on('my message', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '21000["my message","a","b","c"]'))
-        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, 'a', 'b', 'c')
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            '123', '31000[[1,"2",true]]'
-        )
+        sid = _run(s.manager.connect("123", "/"))
+        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=[1, "2", True])
+        s.on("my message", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '21000["my message","a","b","c"]'))
+        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, "a", "b", "c")
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_called_once_with("123", '31000[[1,"2",true]]')
 
     def test_handle_event_with_ack_binary(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(async_handlers=False)
-        sid = _run(s.manager.connect('123', '/'))
-        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=b'foo')
-        s.on('my message', handler)
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '21000["my message","foo"]'))
-        handler.assert_any_call(sid, 'foo')
+        sid = _run(s.manager.connect("123", "/"))
+        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=b"foo")
+        s.on("my message", handler)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '21000["my message","foo"]'))
+        handler.assert_any_call(sid, "foo")
 
     def test_handle_error_packet(self, eio):
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '4'))
+            _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "4"))
 
     def test_handle_invalid_packet(self, eio):
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '9'))
+            _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "9"))
 
     def test_send_with_ack(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        s.handlers['/'] = {}
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
+        s.handlers["/"] = {}
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
         cb = mock.MagicMock()
-        id1 = s.manager._generate_ack_id('1', cb)
-        id2 = s.manager._generate_ack_id('1', cb)
-        _run(s._send_packet('123', packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, ['my event', 'foo'], id=id1)))
-        _run(s._send_packet('123', packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, ['my event', 'bar'], id=id2)))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '31["foo",2]'))
-        cb.assert_called_once_with('foo', 2)
+        id1 = s.manager._generate_ack_id("1", cb)
+        id2 = s.manager._generate_ack_id("1", cb)
+        _run(
+            s._send_packet(
+                "123", packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, ["my event", "foo"], id=id1)
+            )
+        )
+        _run(
+            s._send_packet(
+                "123", packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, ["my event", "bar"], id=id2)
+            )
+        )
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '31["foo",2]'))
+        cb.assert_called_once_with("foo", 2)
 
     def test_send_with_ack_namespace(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        s.handlers['/foo'] = {}
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,'))
+        s.handlers["/foo"] = {}
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,"))
         cb = mock.MagicMock()
-        id = s.manager._generate_ack_id('1', cb)
+        id = s.manager._generate_ack_id("1", cb)
         _run(
             s._send_packet(
-                '123', packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, ['my event', 'foo'],
-                                     namespace='/foo', id=id)
+                "123",
+                packet.Packet(
+                    packet.EVENT, ["my event", "foo"], namespace="/foo", id=id
+                ),
             )
         )
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '3/foo,1["foo",2]'))
-        cb.assert_called_once_with('foo', 2)
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '3/foo,1["foo",2]'))
+        cb.assert_called_once_with("foo", 2)
 
     def test_session(self, eio):
         fake_session = {}
 
         async def fake_get_session(eio_sid):
-            assert eio_sid == '123'
+            assert eio_sid == "123"
             return fake_session
 
         async def fake_save_session(eio_sid, session):
             global fake_session
-            assert eio_sid == '123'
+            assert eio_sid == "123"
             fake_session = session
 
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        s.handlers['/'] = {}
-        s.handlers['/ns'] = {}
+        s.handlers["/"] = {}
+        s.handlers["/ns"] = {}
         s.eio.get_session = fake_get_session
         s.eio.save_session = fake_save_session
 
         async def _test():
-            await s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-            await s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-            await s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/ns')
-            sid = s.manager.sid_from_eio_sid('123', '/')
-            sid2 = s.manager.sid_from_eio_sid('123', '/ns')
-            await s.save_session(sid, {'foo': 'bar'})
+            await s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+            await s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+            await s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/ns")
+            sid = s.manager.sid_from_eio_sid("123", "/")
+            sid2 = s.manager.sid_from_eio_sid("123", "/ns")
+            await s.save_session(sid, {"foo": "bar"})
             async with s.session(sid) as session:
-                assert session == {'foo': 'bar'}
-                session['foo'] = 'baz'
-                session['bar'] = 'foo'
-            assert await s.get_session(sid) == {'foo': 'baz', 'bar': 'foo'}
-            assert fake_session == {'/': {'foo': 'baz', 'bar': 'foo'}}
-            async with s.session(sid2, namespace='/ns') as session:
+                assert session == {"foo": "bar"}
+                session["foo"] = "baz"
+                session["bar"] = "foo"
+            assert await s.get_session(sid) == {"foo": "baz", "bar": "foo"}
+            assert fake_session == {"/": {"foo": "baz", "bar": "foo"}}
+            async with s.session(sid2, namespace="/ns") as session:
                 assert session == {}
-                session['a'] = 'b'
-            assert await s.get_session(sid2, namespace='/ns') == {'a': 'b'}
+                session["a"] = "b"
+            assert await s.get_session(sid2, namespace="/ns") == {"a": "b"}
             assert fake_session == {
-                '/': {'foo': 'baz', 'bar': 'foo'},
-                '/ns': {'a': 'b'},
+                "/": {"foo": "baz", "bar": "foo"},
+                "/ns": {"a": "b"},
             }
 
         _run(_test())
@@ -818,56 +817,56 @@ class TestAsyncServer(unittest.TestCase):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         eio.return_value.disconnect = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        s.handlers['/'] = {}
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
-        _run(s.disconnect('1'))
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_any_call('123', '1')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
+        s.handlers["/"] = {}
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
+        _run(s.disconnect("1"))
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_any_call("123", "1")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
 
     def test_disconnect_ignore_queue(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         eio.return_value.disconnect = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        s.handlers['/'] = {}
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
-        _run(s.disconnect('1', ignore_queue=True))
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_any_call('123', '1')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
+        s.handlers["/"] = {}
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
+        _run(s.disconnect("1", ignore_queue=True))
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_any_call("123", "1")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
 
     def test_disconnect_namespace(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         eio.return_value.disconnect = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        s.handlers['/foo'] = {}
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,'))
-        _run(s.disconnect('1', namespace='/foo'))
-        s.eio.send.mock.assert_any_call('123', '1/foo,')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
+        s.handlers["/foo"] = {}
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,"))
+        _run(s.disconnect("1", namespace="/foo"))
+        s.eio.send.mock.assert_any_call("123", "1/foo,")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
 
     def test_disconnect_twice(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         eio.return_value.disconnect = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0'))
-        _run(s.disconnect('1'))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0"))
+        _run(s.disconnect("1"))
         calls = s.eio.send.mock.call_count
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        _run(s.disconnect('1'))
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        _run(s.disconnect("1"))
         assert calls == s.eio.send.mock.call_count
 
     def test_disconnect_twice_namespace(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.send = AsyncMock()
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,'))
-        _run(s.disconnect('1', namespace='/foo'))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,"))
+        _run(s.disconnect("1", namespace="/foo"))
         calls = s.eio.send.mock.call_count
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
-        _run(s.disconnect('1', namespace='/foo'))
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
+        _run(s.disconnect("1", namespace="/foo"))
         assert calls == s.eio.send.mock.call_count
 
     def test_namespace_handler(self, eio):
@@ -876,33 +875,33 @@ class TestAsyncServer(unittest.TestCase):
 
         class MyNamespace(async_namespace.AsyncNamespace):
             def on_connect(self, sid, environ):
-                result['result'] = (sid, environ)
+                result["result"] = (sid, environ)
 
             async def on_disconnect(self, sid):
-                result['result'] = ('disconnect', sid)
+                result["result"] = ("disconnect", sid)
 
             async def on_foo(self, sid, data):
-                result['result'] = (sid, data)
+                result["result"] = (sid, data)
 
             def on_bar(self, sid):
-                result['result'] = 'bar'
+                result["result"] = "bar"
 
             async def on_baz(self, sid, data1, data2):
-                result['result'] = (data1, data2)
+                result["result"] = (data1, data2)
 
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(async_handlers=False)
-        s.register_namespace(MyNamespace('/foo'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,'))
-        assert result['result'] == ('1', 'environ')
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '2/foo,["foo","a"]'))
-        assert result['result'] == ('1', 'a')
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '2/foo,["bar"]'))
-        assert result['result'] == 'bar'
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '2/foo,["baz","a","b"]'))
-        assert result['result'] == ('a', 'b')
-        _run(s.disconnect('1', '/foo'))
-        assert result['result'] == ('disconnect', '1')
+        s.register_namespace(MyNamespace("/foo"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,"))
+        assert result["result"] == ("1", "environ")
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '2/foo,["foo","a"]'))
+        assert result["result"] == ("1", "a")
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '2/foo,["bar"]'))
+        assert result["result"] == "bar"
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '2/foo,["baz","a","b"]'))
+        assert result["result"] == ("a", "b")
+        _run(s.disconnect("1", "/foo"))
+        assert result["result"] == ("disconnect", "1")
 
     def test_bad_namespace_handler(self, eio):
         class Dummy(object):
@@ -933,14 +932,12 @@ class TestAsyncServer(unittest.TestCase):
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(logger=True)
         assert s.logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.WARNING
         s.logger.setLevel(logging.NOTSET)
-        s = async_server.AsyncServer(logger='foo')
-        assert s.logger == 'foo'
+        s = async_server.AsyncServer(logger="foo")
+        assert s.logger == "foo"
 
     def test_engineio_logger(self, eio):
-        async_server.AsyncServer(engineio_logger='foo')
-        eio.assert_called_once_with(
-            **{'logger': 'foo', 'async_handlers': False}
-        )
+        async_server.AsyncServer(engineio_logger="foo")
+        eio.assert_called_once_with(**{"logger": "foo", "async_handlers": False})
 
     def test_custom_json(self, eio):
         # Warning: this test cannot run in parallel with other tests, as it
@@ -949,39 +946,37 @@ class TestAsyncServer(unittest.TestCase):
         class CustomJSON(object):
             @staticmethod
             def dumps(*args, **kwargs):
-                return '*** encoded ***'
+                return "*** encoded ***"
 
             @staticmethod
             def loads(*args, **kwargs):
-                return '+++ decoded +++'
+                return "+++ decoded +++"
 
         async_server.AsyncServer(json=CustomJSON)
-        eio.assert_called_once_with(
-            **{'json': CustomJSON, 'async_handlers': False}
-        )
+        eio.assert_called_once_with(**{"json": CustomJSON, "async_handlers": False})
 
         pkt = packet.Packet(
             packet_type=packet.EVENT,
-            data={'foo': 'bar'},
+            data={"foo": "bar"},
         )
-        assert pkt.encode() == '2*** encoded ***'
+        assert pkt.encode() == "2*** encoded ***"
         pkt2 = packet.Packet(encoded_packet=pkt.encode())
-        assert pkt2.data == '+++ decoded +++'
+        assert pkt2.data == "+++ decoded +++"
 
         # restore the default JSON module
         packet.Packet.json = json
 
     def test_async_handlers(self, eio):
         s = async_server.AsyncServer(async_handlers=True)
-        _run(s.manager.connect('123', '/'))
-        _run(s._handle_eio_message('123', '2["my message","a","b","c"]'))
+        _run(s.manager.connect("123", "/"))
+        _run(s._handle_eio_message("123", '2["my message","a","b","c"]'))
         s.eio.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with(
             s._handle_event_internal,
             s,
-            '1',
-            '123',
-            ['my message', 'a', 'b', 'c'],
-            '/',
+            "1",
+            "123",
+            ["my message", "a", "b", "c"],
+            "/",
             None,
         )
 
@@ -993,10 +988,8 @@ class TestAsyncServer(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_start_background_task(self, eio):
         s = async_server.AsyncServer()
-        s.start_background_task('foo', 'bar', baz='baz')
-        s.eio.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with(
-            'foo', 'bar', baz='baz'
-        )
+        s.start_background_task("foo", "bar", baz="baz")
+        s.eio.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with("foo", "bar", baz="baz")
 
     def test_sleep(self, eio):
         eio.return_value.sleep = AsyncMock()
diff --git a/tests/async/test_simple_client.py b/tests/async/test_simple_client.py
index 08b2ea6..6003209 100644
--- a/tests/async/test_simple_client.py
+++ b/tests/async/test_simple_client.py
@@ -10,91 +10,115 @@ from .helpers import AsyncMock, _run
 
 class TestAsyncAsyncSimpleClient(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_constructor(self):
-        client = AsyncSimpleClient(1, '2', a='3', b=4)
-        assert client.client_args == (1, '2')
-        assert client.client_kwargs == {'a': '3', 'b': 4}
+        client = AsyncSimpleClient(1, "2", a="3", b=4)
+        assert client.client_args == (1, "2")
+        assert client.client_kwargs == {"a": "3", "b": 4}
         assert client.client is None
         assert client.input_buffer == []
         assert not client.connected
 
     def test_connect(self):
-        client = AsyncSimpleClient(123, a='b')
-        with mock.patch('socketio.async_simple_client.AsyncClient') \
-                as mock_client:
+        client = AsyncSimpleClient(123, a="b")
+        with mock.patch("socketio.async_simple_client.AsyncClient") as mock_client:
             mock_client.return_value.connect = AsyncMock()
 
-            _run(client.connect('url', headers='h', auth='a', transports='t',
-                                namespace='n', socketio_path='s',
-                                wait_timeout='w'))
-            mock_client.assert_called_once_with(123, a='b')
+            _run(
+                client.connect(
+                    "url",
+                    headers="h",
+                    auth="a",
+                    transports="t",
+                    namespace="n",
+                    socketio_path="s",
+                    wait_timeout="w",
+                )
+            )
+            mock_client.assert_called_once_with(123, a="b")
             assert client.client == mock_client()
             mock_client().connect.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-                'url', headers='h', auth='a', transports='t',
-                namespaces=['n'], socketio_path='s', wait_timeout='w')
+                "url",
+                headers="h",
+                auth="a",
+                transports="t",
+                namespaces=["n"],
+                socketio_path="s",
+                wait_timeout="w",
+            )
             mock_client().event.call_count == 3
-            mock_client().on.assert_called_once_with('*', namespace='n')
-            assert client.namespace == 'n'
+            mock_client().on.assert_called_once_with("*", namespace="n")
+            assert client.namespace == "n"
             assert not client.input_event.is_set()
 
     def test_connect_context_manager(self):
         async def _t():
-            async with AsyncSimpleClient(123, a='b') as client:
-                with mock.patch('socketio.async_simple_client.AsyncClient') \
-                        as mock_client:
+            async with AsyncSimpleClient(123, a="b") as client:
+                with mock.patch(
+                    "socketio.async_simple_client.AsyncClient"
+                ) as mock_client:
                     mock_client.return_value.connect = AsyncMock()
 
-                    await client.connect('url', headers='h', auth='a',
-                                         transports='t', namespace='n',
-                                         socketio_path='s', wait_timeout='w')
-                    mock_client.assert_called_once_with(123, a='b')
+                    await client.connect(
+                        "url",
+                        headers="h",
+                        auth="a",
+                        transports="t",
+                        namespace="n",
+                        socketio_path="s",
+                        wait_timeout="w",
+                    )
+                    mock_client.assert_called_once_with(123, a="b")
                     assert client.client == mock_client()
                     mock_client().connect.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-                        'url', headers='h', auth='a', transports='t',
-                        namespaces=['n'], socketio_path='s', wait_timeout='w')
+                        "url",
+                        headers="h",
+                        auth="a",
+                        transports="t",
+                        namespaces=["n"],
+                        socketio_path="s",
+                        wait_timeout="w",
+                    )
                     mock_client().event.call_count == 3
-                    mock_client().on.assert_called_once_with(
-                        '*', namespace='n')
-                    assert client.namespace == 'n'
+                    mock_client().on.assert_called_once_with("*", namespace="n")
+                    assert client.namespace == "n"
                     assert not client.input_event.is_set()
 
         _run(_t())
 
     def test_connect_twice(self):
-        client = AsyncSimpleClient(123, a='b')
+        client = AsyncSimpleClient(123, a="b")
         client.client = mock.MagicMock()
         client.connected = True
 
         with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
-            _run(client.connect('url'))
+            _run(client.connect("url"))
 
     def test_properties(self):
         client = AsyncSimpleClient()
-        client.client = mock.MagicMock(transport='websocket')
-        client.client.get_sid.return_value = 'sid'
+        client.client = mock.MagicMock(transport="websocket")
+        client.client.get_sid.return_value = "sid"
         client.connected_event.set()
         client.connected = True
 
-        assert client.sid == 'sid'
-        assert client.transport == 'websocket'
+        assert client.sid == "sid"
+        assert client.transport == "websocket"
 
     def test_emit(self):
         client = AsyncSimpleClient()
         client.client = mock.MagicMock()
         client.client.emit = AsyncMock()
-        client.namespace = '/ns'
+        client.namespace = "/ns"
         client.connected_event.set()
         client.connected = True
 
-        _run(client.emit('foo', 'bar'))
-        client.client.emit.mock.assert_called_once_with('foo', 'bar',
-                                                        namespace='/ns')
+        _run(client.emit("foo", "bar"))
+        client.client.emit.mock.assert_called_once_with("foo", "bar", namespace="/ns")
 
     def test_emit_disconnected(self):
         client = AsyncSimpleClient()
         client.connected_event.set()
         client.connected = False
         with pytest.raises(DisconnectedError):
-            _run(client.emit('foo', 'bar'))
+            _run(client.emit("foo", "bar"))
 
     def test_emit_retries(self):
         client = AsyncSimpleClient()
@@ -104,28 +128,29 @@ class TestAsyncAsyncSimpleClient(unittest.TestCase):
         client.client.emit = AsyncMock()
         client.client.emit.mock.side_effect = [SocketIOError(), None]
 
-        _run(client.emit('foo', 'bar'))
-        client.client.emit.mock.assert_called_with('foo', 'bar', namespace='/')
+        _run(client.emit("foo", "bar"))
+        client.client.emit.mock.assert_called_with("foo", "bar", namespace="/")
 
     def test_call(self):
         client = AsyncSimpleClient()
         client.client = mock.MagicMock()
         client.client.call = AsyncMock()
-        client.client.call.mock.return_value = 'result'
-        client.namespace = '/ns'
+        client.client.call.mock.return_value = "result"
+        client.namespace = "/ns"
         client.connected_event.set()
         client.connected = True
 
-        assert _run(client.call('foo', 'bar')) == 'result'
+        assert _run(client.call("foo", "bar")) == "result"
         client.client.call.mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            'foo', 'bar', namespace='/ns', timeout=60)
+            "foo", "bar", namespace="/ns", timeout=60
+        )
 
     def test_call_disconnected(self):
         client = AsyncSimpleClient()
         client.connected_event.set()
         client.connected = False
         with pytest.raises(DisconnectedError):
-            _run(client.call('foo', 'bar'))
+            _run(client.call("foo", "bar"))
 
     def test_call_retries(self):
         client = AsyncSimpleClient()
@@ -133,17 +158,18 @@ class TestAsyncAsyncSimpleClient(unittest.TestCase):
         client.connected = True
         client.client = mock.MagicMock()
         client.client.call = AsyncMock()
-        client.client.call.mock.side_effect = [SocketIOError(), 'result']
+        client.client.call.mock.side_effect = [SocketIOError(), "result"]
 
-        assert _run(client.call('foo', 'bar')) == 'result'
-        client.client.call.mock.assert_called_with('foo', 'bar', namespace='/',
-                                                   timeout=60)
+        assert _run(client.call("foo", "bar")) == "result"
+        client.client.call.mock.assert_called_with(
+            "foo", "bar", namespace="/", timeout=60
+        )
 
     def test_receive_with_input_buffer(self):
         client = AsyncSimpleClient()
-        client.input_buffer = ['foo', 'bar']
-        assert _run(client.receive()) == 'foo'
-        assert _run(client.receive()) == 'bar'
+        client.input_buffer = ["foo", "bar"]
+        assert _run(client.receive()) == "foo"
+        assert _run(client.receive()) == "bar"
 
     def test_receive_without_input_buffer(self):
         client = AsyncSimpleClient()
@@ -152,11 +178,11 @@ class TestAsyncAsyncSimpleClient(unittest.TestCase):
         client.input_event = mock.MagicMock()
 
         async def fake_wait(timeout=None):
-            client.input_buffer = ['foo']
+            client.input_buffer = ["foo"]
             return True
 
         client.input_event.wait = fake_wait
-        assert _run(client.receive()) == 'foo'
+        assert _run(client.receive()) == "foo"
 
     def test_receive_with_timeout(self):
         client = AsyncSimpleClient()
diff --git a/tests/asyncio_web_server.py b/tests/asyncio_web_server.py
index 8b2046c..353c6af 100644
--- a/tests/asyncio_web_server.py
+++ b/tests/asyncio_web_server.py
@@ -13,16 +13,20 @@ class SocketIOWebServer:
     Note 1: This class is not production-ready and is intended for testing.
     Note 2: This class only supports the "asgi" async_mode.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, sio, on_shutdown=None):
-        if sio.async_mode != 'asgi':
+        if sio.async_mode != "asgi":
             raise ValueError('The async_mode must be "asgi"')
 
         async def http_app(scope, receive, send):
-            await send({'type': 'http.response.start',
-                        'status': 200,
-                        'headers': [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')]})
-            await send({'type': 'http.response.body',
-                        'body': b'OK'})
+            await send(
+                {
+                    "type": "http.response.start",
+                    "status": 200,
+                    "headers": [("Content-Type", "text/plain")],
+                }
+            )
+            await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"OK"})
 
         self.sio = sio
         self.app = socketio.ASGIApp(sio, http_app, on_shutdown=on_shutdown)
@@ -43,9 +47,9 @@ class SocketIOWebServer:
         # wait for the server to start
         while True:
             try:
-                r = requests.get(f'http://localhost:{port}/')
+                r = requests.get(f"http://localhost:{port}/")
                 r.raise_for_status()
-                if r.text == 'OK':
+                if r.text == "OK":
                     break
             except:
                 time.sleep(0.1)
diff --git a/tests/common/test_admin.py b/tests/common/test_admin.py
index c4e2ec8..a8eccb9 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_admin.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_admin.py
@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@ def with_instrumented_server(auth=False, **ikwargs):
     Admin UI project. The arguments passed to the decorator are passed directly
     to the ``instrument()`` method of the server.
     """
+
     def decorator(f):
         @wraps(f)
         def wrapped(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            sio = socketio.Server(async_mode='threading')
+            sio = socketio.Server(async_mode="threading")
 
             @sio.event
             def enter_room(sid, data):
@@ -29,12 +30,12 @@ def with_instrumented_server(auth=False, **ikwargs):
             def emit(sid, event):
                 sio.emit(event, skip_sid=sid)
 
-            @sio.event(namespace='/foo')
+            @sio.event(namespace="/foo")
             def connect(sid, environ, auth):
                 pass
 
-            if 'server_stats_interval' not in ikwargs:
-                ikwargs['server_stats_interval'] = 0.25
+            if "server_stats_interval" not in ikwargs:
+                ikwargs["server_stats_interval"] = 0.25
 
             instrumented_server = sio.instrument(auth=auth, **ikwargs)
             server = SocketIOWebServer(sio)
@@ -61,89 +62,96 @@ def with_instrumented_server(auth=False, **ikwargs):
             # logging.getLogger('socketio.client').setLevel(logging.NOTSET)
 
             return ret
+
         return wrapped
+
     return decorator
 
 
 def _custom_auth(auth):
-    return auth == {'foo': 'bar'}
+    return auth == {"foo": "bar"}
 
 
 class TestAdmin(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
-        print('threads at start:', threading.enumerate())
+        print("threads at start:", threading.enumerate())
         self.thread_count = threading.active_count()
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        print('threads at end:', threading.enumerate())
+        print("threads at end:", threading.enumerate())
         assert self.thread_count == threading.active_count()
 
     def test_missing_auth(self):
-        sio = socketio.Server(async_mode='threading')
+        sio = socketio.Server(async_mode="threading")
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             sio.instrument()
 
     @with_instrumented_server(auth=False)
     def test_admin_connect_with_no_auth(self, isvr):
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin')
+            admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin',
-                                 auth={'foo': 'bar'})
+            admin_client.connect(
+                "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "bar"}
+            )
 
-    @with_instrumented_server(auth={'foo': 'bar'})
+    @with_instrumented_server(auth={"foo": "bar"})
     def test_admin_connect_with_dict_auth(self, isvr):
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin',
-                                 auth={'foo': 'bar'})
+            admin_client.connect(
+                "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "bar"}
+            )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
             with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
                 admin_client.connect(
-                    'http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin',
-                    auth={'foo': 'baz'})
+                    "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "baz"}
+                )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
             with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
-                admin_client.connect(
-                    'http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin')
+                admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
 
-    @with_instrumented_server(auth=[{'foo': 'bar'},
-                                    {'u': 'admin', 'p': 'secret'}])
+    @with_instrumented_server(auth=[{"foo": "bar"}, {"u": "admin", "p": "secret"}])
     def test_admin_connect_with_list_auth(self, isvr):
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin',
-                                 auth={'foo': 'bar'})
+            admin_client.connect(
+                "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "bar"}
+            )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin',
-                                 auth={'u': 'admin', 'p': 'secret'})
+            admin_client.connect(
+                "http://localhost:8900",
+                namespace="/admin",
+                auth={"u": "admin", "p": "secret"},
+            )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
             with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
-                admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900',
-                                     namespace='/admin', auth={'foo': 'baz'})
+                admin_client.connect(
+                    "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "baz"}
+                )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
             with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
-                admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900',
-                                     namespace='/admin')
+                admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
 
     @with_instrumented_server(auth=_custom_auth)
     def test_admin_connect_with_function_auth(self, isvr):
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin',
-                                 auth={'foo': 'bar'})
+            admin_client.connect(
+                "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "bar"}
+            )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
             with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
-                admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900',
-                                     namespace='/admin', auth={'foo': 'baz'})
+                admin_client.connect(
+                    "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin", auth={"foo": "baz"}
+                )
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
             with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
-                admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900',
-                                     namespace='/admin')
+                admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
 
     @with_instrumented_server()
     def test_admin_connect_only_admin(self, isvr):
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin')
+            admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
             sid = admin_client.sid
-            expected = ['config', 'all_sockets', 'server_stats']
+            expected = ["config", "all_sockets", "server_stats"]
             events = {}
             while expected:
                 data = admin_client.receive(timeout=5)
@@ -151,46 +159,45 @@ class TestAdmin(unittest.TestCase):
                     events[data[0]] = data[1]
                     expected.remove(data[0])
 
-        assert 'supportedFeatures' in events['config']
-        assert 'ALL_EVENTS' in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert 'AGGREGATED_EVENTS' in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert 'EMIT' in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert len(events['all_sockets']) == 1
-        assert events['all_sockets'][0]['id'] == sid
-        assert events['all_sockets'][0]['rooms'] == [sid]
-        assert events['server_stats']['clientsCount'] == 1
-        assert events['server_stats']['pollingClientsCount'] == 0
-        assert len(events['server_stats']['namespaces']) == 3
-        assert {'name': '/', 'socketsCount': 0} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
-        assert {'name': '/foo', 'socketsCount': 0} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
-        assert {'name': '/admin', 'socketsCount': 1} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
+        assert "supportedFeatures" in events["config"]
+        assert "ALL_EVENTS" in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert "AGGREGATED_EVENTS" in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert "EMIT" in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert len(events["all_sockets"]) == 1
+        assert events["all_sockets"][0]["id"] == sid
+        assert events["all_sockets"][0]["rooms"] == [sid]
+        assert events["server_stats"]["clientsCount"] == 1
+        assert events["server_stats"]["pollingClientsCount"] == 0
+        assert len(events["server_stats"]["namespaces"]) == 3
+        assert {"name": "/", "socketsCount": 0} in events["server_stats"]["namespaces"]
+        assert {"name": "/foo", "socketsCount": 0} in events["server_stats"][
+            "namespaces"
+        ]
+        assert {"name": "/admin", "socketsCount": 1} in events["server_stats"][
+            "namespaces"
+        ]
 
     @with_instrumented_server()
     def test_admin_connect_with_others(self, isvr):
-        with socketio.SimpleClient() as client1, \
-                socketio.SimpleClient() as client2, \
-                socketio.SimpleClient() as client3, \
-                socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            client1.connect('http://localhost:8900')
-            client1.emit('enter_room', 'room')
+        with socketio.SimpleClient() as client1, socketio.SimpleClient() as client2, socketio.SimpleClient() as client3, socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
+            client1.connect("http://localhost:8900")
+            client1.emit("enter_room", "room")
             sid1 = client1.sid
 
             saved_check_for_upgrade = isvr._check_for_upgrade
             isvr._check_for_upgrade = mock.MagicMock()
-            client2.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/foo',
-                            transports=['polling'])
+            client2.connect(
+                "http://localhost:8900", namespace="/foo", transports=["polling"]
+            )
             sid2 = client2.sid
             isvr._check_for_upgrade = saved_check_for_upgrade
 
-            client3.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin')
+            client3.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
             sid3 = client3.sid
 
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin')
+            admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
             sid = admin_client.sid
-            expected = ['config', 'all_sockets', 'server_stats']
+            expected = ["config", "all_sockets", "server_stats"]
             events = {}
             while expected:
                 data = admin_client.receive(timeout=5)
@@ -198,36 +205,37 @@ class TestAdmin(unittest.TestCase):
                     events[data[0]] = data[1]
                     expected.remove(data[0])
 
-        assert 'supportedFeatures' in events['config']
-        assert 'ALL_EVENTS' in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert 'AGGREGATED_EVENTS' in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert 'EMIT' in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert len(events['all_sockets']) == 4
-        assert events['server_stats']['clientsCount'] == 4
-        assert events['server_stats']['pollingClientsCount'] == 1
-        assert len(events['server_stats']['namespaces']) == 3
-        assert {'name': '/', 'socketsCount': 1} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
-        assert {'name': '/foo', 'socketsCount': 1} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
-        assert {'name': '/admin', 'socketsCount': 2} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
-
-        for socket in events['all_sockets']:
-            if socket['id'] == sid:
-                assert socket['rooms'] == [sid]
-            elif socket['id'] == sid1:
-                assert socket['rooms'] == [sid1, 'room']
-            elif socket['id'] == sid2:
-                assert socket['rooms'] == [sid2]
-            elif socket['id'] == sid3:
-                assert socket['rooms'] == [sid3]
-
-    @with_instrumented_server(mode='production', read_only=True)
+        assert "supportedFeatures" in events["config"]
+        assert "ALL_EVENTS" in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert "AGGREGATED_EVENTS" in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert "EMIT" in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert len(events["all_sockets"]) == 4
+        assert events["server_stats"]["clientsCount"] == 4
+        assert events["server_stats"]["pollingClientsCount"] == 1
+        assert len(events["server_stats"]["namespaces"]) == 3
+        assert {"name": "/", "socketsCount": 1} in events["server_stats"]["namespaces"]
+        assert {"name": "/foo", "socketsCount": 1} in events["server_stats"][
+            "namespaces"
+        ]
+        assert {"name": "/admin", "socketsCount": 2} in events["server_stats"][
+            "namespaces"
+        ]
+
+        for socket in events["all_sockets"]:
+            if socket["id"] == sid:
+                assert socket["rooms"] == [sid]
+            elif socket["id"] == sid1:
+                assert socket["rooms"] == [sid1, "room"]
+            elif socket["id"] == sid2:
+                assert socket["rooms"] == [sid2]
+            elif socket["id"] == sid3:
+                assert socket["rooms"] == [sid3]
+
+    @with_instrumented_server(mode="production", read_only=True)
     def test_admin_connect_production(self, isvr):
         with socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin')
-            expected = ['config', 'server_stats']
+            admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
+            expected = ["config", "server_stats"]
             events = {}
             while expected:
                 data = admin_client.receive(timeout=5)
@@ -235,50 +243,49 @@ class TestAdmin(unittest.TestCase):
                     events[data[0]] = data[1]
                     expected.remove(data[0])
 
-        assert 'supportedFeatures' in events['config']
-        assert 'ALL_EVENTS' not in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert 'AGGREGATED_EVENTS' in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert 'EMIT' not in events['config']['supportedFeatures']
-        assert events['server_stats']['clientsCount'] == 1
-        assert events['server_stats']['pollingClientsCount'] == 0
-        assert len(events['server_stats']['namespaces']) == 3
-        assert {'name': '/', 'socketsCount': 0} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
-        assert {'name': '/foo', 'socketsCount': 0} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
-        assert {'name': '/admin', 'socketsCount': 1} in \
-            events['server_stats']['namespaces']
+        assert "supportedFeatures" in events["config"]
+        assert "ALL_EVENTS" not in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert "AGGREGATED_EVENTS" in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert "EMIT" not in events["config"]["supportedFeatures"]
+        assert events["server_stats"]["clientsCount"] == 1
+        assert events["server_stats"]["pollingClientsCount"] == 0
+        assert len(events["server_stats"]["namespaces"]) == 3
+        assert {"name": "/", "socketsCount": 0} in events["server_stats"]["namespaces"]
+        assert {"name": "/foo", "socketsCount": 0} in events["server_stats"][
+            "namespaces"
+        ]
+        assert {"name": "/admin", "socketsCount": 1} in events["server_stats"][
+            "namespaces"
+        ]
 
     @with_instrumented_server()
     def test_admin_features(self, isvr):
-        with socketio.SimpleClient() as client1, \
-                socketio.SimpleClient() as client2, \
-                socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
-            client1.connect('http://localhost:8900')
-            client2.connect('http://localhost:8900')
-            admin_client.connect('http://localhost:8900', namespace='/admin')
+        with socketio.SimpleClient() as client1, socketio.SimpleClient() as client2, socketio.SimpleClient() as admin_client:
+            client1.connect("http://localhost:8900")
+            client2.connect("http://localhost:8900")
+            admin_client.connect("http://localhost:8900", namespace="/admin")
 
             # emit from admin
             admin_client.emit(
-                'emit', ('/', client1.sid, 'foo', {'bar': 'baz'}, 'extra'))
+                "emit", ("/", client1.sid, "foo", {"bar": "baz"}, "extra")
+            )
             data = client1.receive(timeout=5)
-            assert data == ['foo', {'bar': 'baz'}, 'extra']
+            assert data == ["foo", {"bar": "baz"}, "extra"]
 
             # emit from regular client
-            client1.emit('emit', 'foo')
+            client1.emit("emit", "foo")
             data = client2.receive(timeout=5)
-            assert data == ['foo']
+            assert data == ["foo"]
 
             # join and leave
-            admin_client.emit('join', ('/', 'room', client1.sid))
-            admin_client.emit(
-                'emit', ('/', 'room', 'foo', {'bar': 'baz'}))
+            admin_client.emit("join", ("/", "room", client1.sid))
+            admin_client.emit("emit", ("/", "room", "foo", {"bar": "baz"}))
             data = client1.receive(timeout=5)
-            assert data == ['foo', {'bar': 'baz'}]
-            admin_client.emit('leave', ('/', 'room'))
+            assert data == ["foo", {"bar": "baz"}]
+            admin_client.emit("leave", ("/", "room"))
 
             # disconnect
-            admin_client.emit('_disconnect', ('/', False, client1.sid))
+            admin_client.emit("_disconnect", ("/", False, client1.sid))
             for _ in range(10):
                 if not client1.connected:
                     break
diff --git a/tests/common/test_client.py b/tests/common/test_client.py
index 791cb43..de7f40a 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_client.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_client.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c = client.Client()
         assert not c.is_asyncio_based()
 
-    @mock.patch('socketio.client.Client._engineio_client_class')
+    @mock.patch("socketio.client.Client._engineio_client_class")
     def test_create(self, engineio_client_class):
         c = client.Client(
             reconnection=False,
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
             reconnection_delay_max=10,
             randomization_factor=0.2,
             handle_sigint=False,
-            foo='bar',
+            foo="bar",
         )
         assert not c.reconnection
         assert c.reconnection_attempts == 123
@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         assert c.reconnection_delay_max == 10
         assert c.randomization_factor == 0.2
         assert not c.handle_sigint
-        engineio_client_class().assert_called_once_with(
-            foo='bar', handle_sigint=False)
+        engineio_client_class().assert_called_once_with(foo="bar", handle_sigint=False)
         assert c.connection_url is None
         assert c.connection_headers is None
         assert c.connection_transports is None
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         assert c.packet_class == packet.Packet
 
     def test_msgpack(self):
-        c = client.Client(serializer='msgpack')
+        c = client.Client(serializer="msgpack")
         assert c.packet_class == msgpack_packet.MsgPackPacket
 
     def test_custom_serializer(self):
@@ -70,9 +69,9 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         client.Client()
         assert packet.Packet.json == json
         assert engineio_packet.Packet.json == json
-        client.Client(json='foo')
-        assert packet.Packet.json == 'foo'
-        assert engineio_packet.Packet.json == 'foo'
+        client.Client(json="foo")
+        assert packet.Packet.json == "foo"
+        assert engineio_packet.Packet.json == "foo"
         packet.Packet.json = json
 
     def test_logger(self):
@@ -85,32 +84,33 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c = client.Client(logger=True)
         assert c.logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.WARNING
         c.logger.setLevel(logging.NOTSET)
-        my_logger = logging.Logger('foo')
+        my_logger = logging.Logger("foo")
         c = client.Client(logger=my_logger)
         assert c.logger == my_logger
 
-    @mock.patch('socketio.client.Client._engineio_client_class')
+    @mock.patch("socketio.client.Client._engineio_client_class")
     def test_engineio_logger(self, engineio_client_class):
-        client.Client(engineio_logger='foo')
+        client.Client(engineio_logger="foo")
         engineio_client_class().assert_called_once_with(
-            handle_sigint=True, logger='foo')
+            handle_sigint=True, logger="foo"
+        )
 
     def test_on_event(self):
         c = client.Client()
 
-        @c.on('connect')
+        @c.on("connect")
         def foo():
             pass
 
         def bar():
             pass
 
-        c.on('disconnect', bar)
-        c.on('disconnect', bar, namespace='/foo')
+        c.on("disconnect", bar)
+        c.on("disconnect", bar, namespace="/foo")
 
-        assert c.handlers['/']['connect'] == foo
-        assert c.handlers['/']['disconnect'] == bar
-        assert c.handlers['/foo']['disconnect'] == bar
+        assert c.handlers["/"]["connect"] == foo
+        assert c.handlers["/"]["disconnect"] == bar
+        assert c.handlers["/foo"]["disconnect"] == bar
 
     def test_event(self):
         c = client.Client()
@@ -127,23 +127,23 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         def bar():
             pass
 
-        @c.event(namespace='/foo')
+        @c.event(namespace="/foo")
         def disconnect():
             pass
 
-        assert c.handlers['/']['connect'] == connect
-        assert c.handlers['/']['foo'] == foo
-        assert c.handlers['/']['bar'] == bar
-        assert c.handlers['/foo']['disconnect'] == disconnect
+        assert c.handlers["/"]["connect"] == connect
+        assert c.handlers["/"]["foo"] == foo
+        assert c.handlers["/"]["bar"] == bar
+        assert c.handlers["/foo"]["disconnect"] == disconnect
 
     def test_namespace_handler(self):
         class MyNamespace(namespace.ClientNamespace):
             pass
 
         c = client.Client()
-        n = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        n = MyNamespace("/foo")
         c.register_namespace(n)
-        assert c.namespace_handlers['/foo'] == n
+        assert c.namespace_handlers["/foo"] == n
 
     def test_namespace_handler_wrong_class(self):
         class MyNamespace(object):
@@ -151,17 +151,17 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
                 pass
 
         c = client.Client()
-        n = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        n = MyNamespace("/foo")
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             c.register_namespace(n)
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info < (3, 0), 'only for Python 3')
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info < (3, 0), "only for Python 3")
     def test_namespace_handler_wrong_async(self):
         class MyNamespace(async_namespace.AsyncClientNamespace):
             pass
 
         c = client.Client()
-        n = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        n = MyNamespace("/foo")
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             c.register_namespace(n)
 
@@ -169,129 +169,131 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c = client.Client()
         c.eio.connect = mock.MagicMock()
         c.connect(
-            'url',
-            headers='headers',
-            auth='auth',
-            transports='transports',
-            namespaces=['/foo', '/', '/bar'],
-            socketio_path='path',
+            "url",
+            headers="headers",
+            auth="auth",
+            transports="transports",
+            namespaces=["/foo", "/", "/bar"],
+            socketio_path="path",
             wait=False,
         )
-        assert c.connection_url == 'url'
-        assert c.connection_headers == 'headers'
-        assert c.connection_auth == 'auth'
-        assert c.connection_transports == 'transports'
-        assert c.connection_namespaces == ['/foo', '/', '/bar']
-        assert c.socketio_path == 'path'
+        assert c.connection_url == "url"
+        assert c.connection_headers == "headers"
+        assert c.connection_auth == "auth"
+        assert c.connection_transports == "transports"
+        assert c.connection_namespaces == ["/foo", "/", "/bar"]
+        assert c.socketio_path == "path"
         c.eio.connect.assert_called_once_with(
-            'url',
-            headers='headers',
-            transports='transports',
-            engineio_path='path',
+            "url",
+            headers="headers",
+            transports="transports",
+            engineio_path="path",
         )
 
     def test_connect_functions(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.eio.connect = mock.MagicMock()
         c.connect(
-            lambda: 'url',
-            headers=lambda: 'headers',
-            auth='auth',
-            transports='transports',
-            namespaces=['/foo', '/', '/bar'],
-            socketio_path='path',
+            lambda: "url",
+            headers=lambda: "headers",
+            auth="auth",
+            transports="transports",
+            namespaces=["/foo", "/", "/bar"],
+            socketio_path="path",
             wait=False,
         )
         c.eio.connect.assert_called_once_with(
-            'url',
-            headers='headers',
-            transports='transports',
-            engineio_path='path',
+            "url",
+            headers="headers",
+            transports="transports",
+            engineio_path="path",
         )
 
     def test_connect_one_namespace(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.eio.connect = mock.MagicMock()
         c.connect(
-            'url',
-            headers='headers',
-            transports='transports',
-            namespaces='/foo',
-            socketio_path='path',
+            "url",
+            headers="headers",
+            transports="transports",
+            namespaces="/foo",
+            socketio_path="path",
             wait=False,
         )
-        assert c.connection_url == 'url'
-        assert c.connection_headers == 'headers'
-        assert c.connection_transports == 'transports'
-        assert c.connection_namespaces == ['/foo']
-        assert c.socketio_path == 'path'
+        assert c.connection_url == "url"
+        assert c.connection_headers == "headers"
+        assert c.connection_transports == "transports"
+        assert c.connection_namespaces == ["/foo"]
+        assert c.socketio_path == "path"
         c.eio.connect.assert_called_once_with(
-            'url',
-            headers='headers',
-            transports='transports',
-            engineio_path='path',
+            "url",
+            headers="headers",
+            transports="transports",
+            engineio_path="path",
         )
 
     def test_connect_default_namespaces(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.eio.connect = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.on('foo', mock.MagicMock(), namespace='/foo')
-        c.on('bar', mock.MagicMock(), namespace='/')
+        c.on("foo", mock.MagicMock(), namespace="/foo")
+        c.on("bar", mock.MagicMock(), namespace="/")
         c.connect(
-            'url',
-            headers='headers',
-            transports='transports',
-            socketio_path='path',
+            "url",
+            headers="headers",
+            transports="transports",
+            socketio_path="path",
             wait=False,
         )
-        assert c.connection_url == 'url'
-        assert c.connection_headers == 'headers'
-        assert c.connection_transports == 'transports'
-        assert c.connection_namespaces == ['/foo', '/'] or \
-            c.connection_namespaces == ['/', '/foo']
-        assert c.socketio_path == 'path'
+        assert c.connection_url == "url"
+        assert c.connection_headers == "headers"
+        assert c.connection_transports == "transports"
+        assert c.connection_namespaces == ["/foo", "/"] or c.connection_namespaces == [
+            "/",
+            "/foo",
+        ]
+        assert c.socketio_path == "path"
         c.eio.connect.assert_called_once_with(
-            'url',
-            headers='headers',
-            transports='transports',
-            engineio_path='path',
+            "url",
+            headers="headers",
+            transports="transports",
+            engineio_path="path",
         )
 
     def test_connect_no_namespaces(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.eio.connect = mock.MagicMock()
         c.connect(
-            'url',
-            headers='headers',
-            transports='transports',
-            socketio_path='path',
+            "url",
+            headers="headers",
+            transports="transports",
+            socketio_path="path",
             wait=False,
         )
-        assert c.connection_url == 'url'
-        assert c.connection_headers == 'headers'
-        assert c.connection_transports == 'transports'
-        assert c.connection_namespaces == ['/']
-        assert c.socketio_path == 'path'
+        assert c.connection_url == "url"
+        assert c.connection_headers == "headers"
+        assert c.connection_transports == "transports"
+        assert c.connection_namespaces == ["/"]
+        assert c.socketio_path == "path"
         c.eio.connect.assert_called_once_with(
-            'url',
-            headers='headers',
-            transports='transports',
-            engineio_path='path',
+            "url",
+            headers="headers",
+            transports="transports",
+            engineio_path="path",
         )
 
     def test_connect_error(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.eio.connect = mock.MagicMock(
-            side_effect=engineio_exceptions.ConnectionError('foo')
+            side_effect=engineio_exceptions.ConnectionError("foo")
         )
-        c.on('foo', mock.MagicMock(), namespace='/foo')
-        c.on('bar', mock.MagicMock(), namespace='/')
+        c.on("foo", mock.MagicMock(), namespace="/foo")
+        c.on("bar", mock.MagicMock(), namespace="/")
         with pytest.raises(exceptions.ConnectionError):
             c.connect(
-                'url',
-                headers='headers',
-                transports='transports',
-                socketio_path='path',
+                "url",
+                headers="headers",
+                transports="transports",
+                socketio_path="path",
                 wait=False,
             )
 
@@ -299,12 +301,12 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c = client.Client()
         c.eio.connect = mock.MagicMock()
         c.connect(
-            'url',
+            "url",
             wait=False,
         )
         with pytest.raises(exceptions.ConnectionError):
             c.connect(
-                'url',
+                "url",
                 wait=False,
             )
 
@@ -315,12 +317,12 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
         def mock_connect(timeout):
             assert timeout == 0.01
-            c.namespaces = {'/': '123'}
+            c.namespaces = {"/": "123"}
             return True
 
         c._connect_event.wait = mock_connect
         c.connect(
-            'url',
+            "url",
             wait=True,
             wait_timeout=0.01,
         )
@@ -334,22 +336,22 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         def mock_connect(timeout):
             assert timeout == 0.01
             if c.namespaces == {}:
-                c.namespaces = {'/bar': '123'}
+                c.namespaces = {"/bar": "123"}
                 return True
-            elif c.namespaces == {'/bar': '123'}:
-                c.namespaces = {'/bar': '123', '/foo': '456'}
+            elif c.namespaces == {"/bar": "123"}:
+                c.namespaces = {"/bar": "123", "/foo": "456"}
                 return True
             return False
 
         c._connect_event.wait = mock_connect
         c.connect(
-            'url',
-            namespaces=['/foo', '/bar'],
+            "url",
+            namespaces=["/foo", "/bar"],
             wait=True,
             wait_timeout=0.01,
         )
         assert c.connected is True
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/bar': '123', '/foo': '456'}
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/bar": "123", "/foo": "456"}
 
     def test_connect_timeout(self):
         c = client.Client()
@@ -357,7 +359,7 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c.disconnect = mock.MagicMock()
         with pytest.raises(exceptions.ConnectionError):
             c.connect(
-                'url',
+                "url",
                 wait=True,
                 wait_timeout=0.01,
             )
@@ -377,7 +379,7 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c.eio.wait = mock.MagicMock()
         c.sleep = mock.MagicMock()
         c._reconnect_task = mock.MagicMock()
-        states = ['disconnected']
+        states = ["disconnected"]
 
         def fake_join():
             c.eio.state = states.pop(0)
@@ -392,7 +394,7 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c.eio.wait = mock.MagicMock()
         c.sleep = mock.MagicMock()
         c._reconnect_task = mock.MagicMock()
-        states = ['connected', 'disconnected']
+        states = ["connected", "disconnected"]
 
         def fake_join():
             c.eio.state = states.pop(0)
@@ -404,200 +406,195 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_get_sid(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1', '/foo': '2'}
-        assert c.get_sid() == '1'
-        assert c.get_sid('/') == '1'
-        assert c.get_sid('/foo') == '2'
-        assert c.get_sid('/bar') is None
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1", "/foo": "2"}
+        assert c.get_sid() == "1"
+        assert c.get_sid("/") == "1"
+        assert c.get_sid("/foo") == "2"
+        assert c.get_sid("/bar") is None
 
     def test_emit_no_arguments(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.emit('foo')
+        c.emit("foo")
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, namespace='/', data=['foo'], id=None)
+            packet.EVENT, namespace="/", data=["foo"], id=None
+        )
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_emit_one_argument(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.emit('foo', 'bar')
+        c.emit("foo", "bar")
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
             packet.EVENT,
-            namespace='/',
-            data=['foo', 'bar'],
+            namespace="/",
+            data=["foo", "bar"],
             id=None,
         )
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_emit_one_argument_list(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.emit('foo', ['bar', 'baz'])
+        c.emit("foo", ["bar", "baz"])
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
             packet.EVENT,
-            namespace='/',
-            data=['foo', ['bar', 'baz']],
+            namespace="/",
+            data=["foo", ["bar", "baz"]],
             id=None,
         )
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_emit_two_arguments(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.emit('foo', ('bar', 'baz'))
+        c.emit("foo", ("bar", "baz"))
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
             packet.EVENT,
-            namespace='/',
-            data=['foo', 'bar', 'baz'],
+            namespace="/",
+            data=["foo", "bar", "baz"],
             id=None,
         )
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_emit_namespace(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = ['/foo']
+        c.namespaces = ["/foo"]
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.emit('foo', namespace='/foo')
+        c.emit("foo", namespace="/foo")
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, namespace='/foo', data=['foo'], id=None)
+            packet.EVENT, namespace="/foo", data=["foo"], id=None
+        )
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_emit_unknown_namespace(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = ['/foo']
+        c.namespaces = ["/foo"]
         with pytest.raises(exceptions.BadNamespaceError):
-            c.emit('foo', namespace='/bar')
+            c.emit("foo", namespace="/bar")
 
     def test_emit_with_callback(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
         c._generate_ack_id = mock.MagicMock(return_value=123)
-        c.emit('foo', callback='cb')
+        c.emit("foo", callback="cb")
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, namespace='/', data=['foo'], id=123)
+            packet.EVENT, namespace="/", data=["foo"], id=123
+        )
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
-        c._generate_ack_id.assert_called_once_with('/', 'cb')
+        c._generate_ack_id.assert_called_once_with("/", "cb")
 
     def test_emit_namespace_with_callback(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1"}
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
         c._generate_ack_id = mock.MagicMock(return_value=123)
-        c.emit('foo', namespace='/foo', callback='cb')
+        c.emit("foo", namespace="/foo", callback="cb")
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, namespace='/foo', data=['foo'], id=123)
+            packet.EVENT, namespace="/foo", data=["foo"], id=123
+        )
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
-        c._generate_ack_id.assert_called_once_with('/foo', 'cb')
+        c._generate_ack_id.assert_called_once_with("/foo", "cb")
 
     def test_emit_binary(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.emit('foo', b'bar')
+        c.emit("foo", b"bar")
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
             packet.EVENT,
-            namespace='/',
-            data=['foo', b'bar'],
+            namespace="/",
+            data=["foo", b"bar"],
             id=None,
         )
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_emit_not_binary(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.emit('foo', 'bar')
+        c.emit("foo", "bar")
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
             packet.EVENT,
-            namespace='/',
-            data=['foo', 'bar'],
+            namespace="/",
+            data=["foo", "bar"],
             id=None,
         )
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_send(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.emit = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.send('data', 'namespace', 'callback')
+        c.send("data", "namespace", "callback")
         c.emit.assert_called_once_with(
-            'message', data='data', namespace='namespace', callback='callback'
+            "message", data="data", namespace="namespace", callback="callback"
         )
 
     def test_send_with_defaults(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.emit = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.send('data')
+        c.send("data")
         c.emit.assert_called_once_with(
-            'message', data='data', namespace=None, callback=None
+            "message", data="data", namespace=None, callback=None
         )
 
     def test_call(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
 
         def fake_event_wait(timeout=None):
             assert timeout == 60
-            c._generate_ack_id.call_args_list[0][0][1]('foo', 321)
+            c._generate_ack_id.call_args_list[0][0][1]("foo", 321)
             return True
 
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
         c._generate_ack_id = mock.MagicMock(return_value=123)
         c.eio = mock.MagicMock()
         c.eio.create_event.return_value.wait = fake_event_wait
-        assert c.call('foo') == ('foo', 321)
+        assert c.call("foo") == ("foo", 321)
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, namespace='/', data=['foo'], id=123)
+            packet.EVENT, namespace="/", data=["foo"], id=123
+        )
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_call_with_timeout(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
 
         def fake_event_wait(timeout=None):
             assert timeout == 12
@@ -608,68 +605,63 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c.eio = mock.MagicMock()
         c.eio.create_event.return_value.wait = fake_event_wait
         with pytest.raises(exceptions.TimeoutError):
-            c.call('foo', timeout=12)
+            c.call("foo", timeout=12)
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, namespace='/', data=['foo'], id=123)
+            packet.EVENT, namespace="/", data=["foo"], id=123
+        )
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_disconnect(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
         c.eio = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.eio.state = 'connected'
+        c.eio.state = "connected"
         c.disconnect()
         assert c.connected
         assert c._trigger_event.call_count == 0
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace='/')
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace="/")
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
         c.eio.disconnect.assert_called_once_with(abort=True)
 
     def test_disconnect_namespaces(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
         c.eio = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.eio.state = 'connected'
+        c.eio.state = "connected"
         c.disconnect()
         assert c._trigger_event.call_count == 0
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 2
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace='/foo')
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace="/foo")
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace='/bar')
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.DISCONNECT, namespace="/bar")
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_transport(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.eio.transport = mock.MagicMock(return_value='foo')
-        assert c.transport() == 'foo'
+        c.eio.transport = mock.MagicMock(return_value="foo")
+        assert c.transport() == "foo"
         c.eio.transport.assert_called_once_with()
 
     def test_start_background_task(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.eio.start_background_task = mock.MagicMock(return_value='foo')
-        assert c.start_background_task('foo', 'bar', baz='baz') == 'foo'
-        c.eio.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with(
-            'foo', 'bar', baz='baz'
-        )
+        c.eio.start_background_task = mock.MagicMock(return_value="foo")
+        assert c.start_background_task("foo", "bar", baz="baz") == "foo"
+        c.eio.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with("foo", "bar", baz="baz")
 
     def test_sleep(self):
         c = client.Client()
@@ -680,270 +672,254 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_send_packet(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.eio.send = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._send_packet(packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, 'foo'))
+        c._send_packet(packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, "foo"))
         c.eio.send.assert_called_once_with('2"foo"')
 
     def test_send_packet_binary(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.eio.send = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._send_packet(packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, b'foo'))
+        c._send_packet(packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, b"foo"))
         assert c.eio.send.call_args_list == [
             mock.call('51-{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}'),
-            mock.call(b'foo'),
+            mock.call(b"foo"),
         ] or c.eio.send.call_args_list == [
             mock.call('51-{"num":0,"_placeholder":true}'),
-            mock.call(b'foo'),
+            mock.call(b"foo"),
         ]
 
     def test_send_packet_default_binary(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.eio.send = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._send_packet(packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, 'foo'))
+        c._send_packet(packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, "foo"))
         c.eio.send.assert_called_once_with('2"foo"')
 
     def test_generate_ack_id(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        assert c._generate_ack_id('/', 'cb') == 1
-        assert c._generate_ack_id('/', 'cb') == 2
-        assert c._generate_ack_id('/', 'cb') == 3
-        assert c._generate_ack_id('/foo', 'cb') == 1
-        assert c._generate_ack_id('/bar', 'cb') == 1
-        assert c._generate_ack_id('/', 'cb') == 4
-        assert c._generate_ack_id('/bar', 'cb') == 2
+        assert c._generate_ack_id("/", "cb") == 1
+        assert c._generate_ack_id("/", "cb") == 2
+        assert c._generate_ack_id("/", "cb") == 3
+        assert c._generate_ack_id("/foo", "cb") == 1
+        assert c._generate_ack_id("/bar", "cb") == 1
+        assert c._generate_ack_id("/", "cb") == 4
+        assert c._generate_ack_id("/bar", "cb") == 2
 
     def test_handle_connect(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_connect('/', {'sid': '123'})
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/': '123'}
+        c._handle_connect("/", {"sid": "123"})
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/": "123"}
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
-        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with('connect', namespace='/')
+        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with("connect", namespace="/")
         c._send_packet.assert_not_called()
 
     def test_handle_connect_with_namespaces(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_connect('/', {'sid': '3'})
+        c._handle_connect("/", {"sid": "3"})
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
-        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with('connect', namespace='/')
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/': '3', '/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with("connect", namespace="/")
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/": "3", "/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_namespace(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1"}
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_connect('/foo', {'sid': '123'})
-        c._handle_connect('/bar', {'sid': '2'})
+        c._handle_connect("/foo", {"sid": "123"})
+        c._handle_connect("/bar", {"sid": "2"})
         assert c._trigger_event.call_count == 1
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
-        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with('connect', namespace='/bar')
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with("connect", namespace="/bar")
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
 
     def test_handle_disconnect(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespace = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespace = {"/": "1"}
         c.connected = True
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_disconnect('/')
-        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call('disconnect', namespace='/')
-        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call('__disconnect_final', namespace='/')
+        c._handle_disconnect("/")
+        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/")
+        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call("__disconnect_final", namespace="/")
         assert not c.connected
-        c._handle_disconnect('/')
+        c._handle_disconnect("/")
         assert c._trigger_event.call_count == 2
 
     def test_handle_disconnect_namespace(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_disconnect('/foo')
-        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call(
-            'disconnect', namespace='/foo'
-        )
-        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call(
-            '__disconnect_final', namespace='/foo'
-        )
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/bar': '2'}
+        c._handle_disconnect("/foo")
+        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/foo")
+        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call("__disconnect_final", namespace="/foo")
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/bar": "2"}
         assert c.connected
-        c._handle_disconnect('/bar')
-        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call(
-            'disconnect', namespace='/bar'
-        )
-        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call(
-            '__disconnect_final', namespace='/bar'
-        )
+        c._handle_disconnect("/bar")
+        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/bar")
+        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call("__disconnect_final", namespace="/bar")
         assert c.namespaces == {}
         assert not c.connected
 
     def test_handle_disconnect_unknown_namespace(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_disconnect('/baz')
-        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call(
-            'disconnect', namespace='/baz'
-        )
-        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call(
-            '__disconnect_final', namespace='/baz'
-        )
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c._handle_disconnect("/baz")
+        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/baz")
+        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call("__disconnect_final", namespace="/baz")
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         assert c.connected
 
     def test_handle_disconnect_default_namespace(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_disconnect('/')
+        c._handle_disconnect("/")
         print(c._trigger_event.call_args_list)
-        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call('disconnect', namespace='/')
-        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call('__disconnect_final', namespace='/')
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/")
+        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call("__disconnect_final", namespace="/")
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         assert c.connected
 
     def test_handle_event(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_event('/', None, ['foo', ('bar', 'baz')])
-        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with('foo', '/', ('bar', 'baz'))
+        c._handle_event("/", None, ["foo", ("bar", "baz")])
+        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with("foo", "/", ("bar", "baz"))
 
     def test_handle_event_with_id_no_arguments(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock(return_value=None)
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_event('/', 123, ['foo', ('bar', 'baz')])
-        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with('foo', '/', ('bar', 'baz'))
+        c._handle_event("/", 123, ["foo", ("bar", "baz")])
+        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with("foo", "/", ("bar", "baz"))
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.ACK, namespace='/', id=123, data=[])
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.ACK, namespace="/", id=123, data=[])
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_handle_event_with_id_one_argument(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock(return_value='ret')
+        c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock(return_value="ret")
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_event('/', 123, ['foo', ('bar', 'baz')])
-        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with('foo', '/', ('bar', 'baz'))
+        c._handle_event("/", 123, ["foo", ("bar", "baz")])
+        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with("foo", "/", ("bar", "baz"))
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.ACK, namespace='/', id=123, data=['ret'])
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.ACK, namespace="/", id=123, data=["ret"])
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_handle_event_with_id_one_list_argument(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock(return_value=['a', 'b'])
+        c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock(return_value=["a", "b"])
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_event('/', 123, ['foo', ('bar', 'baz')])
-        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with('foo', '/', ('bar', 'baz'))
+        c._handle_event("/", 123, ["foo", ("bar", "baz")])
+        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with("foo", "/", ("bar", "baz"))
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.ACK, namespace='/', id=123, data=[['a', 'b']])
+            packet.ACK, namespace="/", id=123, data=[["a", "b"]]
+        )
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_handle_event_with_id_two_arguments(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock(return_value=('a', 'b'))
+        c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock(return_value=("a", "b"))
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_event('/', 123, ['foo', ('bar', 'baz')])
-        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with('foo', '/', ('bar', 'baz'))
+        c._handle_event("/", 123, ["foo", ("bar", "baz")])
+        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with("foo", "/", ("bar", "baz"))
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 1
         expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.ACK, namespace='/', id=123, data=['a', 'b'])
+            packet.ACK, namespace="/", id=123, data=["a", "b"]
+        )
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_handle_ack(self):
         c = client.Client()
         mock_cb = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.callbacks['/foo'] = {123: mock_cb}
-        c._handle_ack('/foo', 123, ['bar', 'baz'])
-        mock_cb.assert_called_once_with('bar', 'baz')
-        assert 123 not in c.callbacks['/foo']
+        c.callbacks["/foo"] = {123: mock_cb}
+        c._handle_ack("/foo", 123, ["bar", "baz"])
+        mock_cb.assert_called_once_with("bar", "baz")
+        assert 123 not in c.callbacks["/foo"]
 
     def test_handle_ack_not_found(self):
         c = client.Client()
         mock_cb = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.callbacks['/foo'] = {123: mock_cb}
-        c._handle_ack('/foo', 124, ['bar', 'baz'])
+        c.callbacks["/foo"] = {123: mock_cb}
+        c._handle_ack("/foo", 124, ["bar", "baz"])
         mock_cb.assert_not_called()
-        assert 123 in c.callbacks['/foo']
+        assert 123 in c.callbacks["/foo"]
 
     def test_handle_error(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_error('/', 'error')
+        c._handle_error("/", "error")
         assert c.namespaces == {}
         assert not c.connected
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
-        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with('connect_error', '/', 'error')
+        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with("connect_error", "/", "error")
 
     def test_handle_error_with_no_arguments(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_error('/', None)
+        c._handle_error("/", None)
         assert c.namespaces == {}
         assert not c.connected
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
-        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with('connect_error', '/')
+        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with("connect_error", "/")
 
     def test_handle_error_namespace(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_error('/bar', ['error', 'message'])
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/foo': '1'}
+        c._handle_error("/bar", ["error", "message"])
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/foo": "1"}
         assert c.connected
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
         c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with(
-            'connect_error', '/bar', 'error', 'message'
+            "connect_error", "/bar", "error", "message"
         )
 
     def test_handle_error_namespace_with_no_arguments(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_error('/bar', None)
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/foo': '1'}
+        c._handle_error("/bar", None)
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/foo": "1"}
         assert c.connected
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
-        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with('connect_error', '/bar')
+        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with("connect_error", "/bar")
 
     def test_handle_error_unknown_namespace(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         c._connect_event = mock.MagicMock()
-        c._handle_error('/baz', 'error')
-        assert c.namespaces == {'/foo': '1', '/bar': '2'}
+        c._handle_error("/baz", "error")
+        assert c.namespaces == {"/foo": "1", "/bar": "2"}
         assert c.connected
         c._connect_event.set.assert_called_once_with()
 
@@ -951,24 +927,24 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c = client.Client()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
         catchall_handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.on('foo', handler)
-        c.on('*', catchall_handler)
-        c._trigger_event('foo', '/', 1, '2')
-        c._trigger_event('bar', '/', 1, '2', 3)
-        c._trigger_event('connect', '/')  # should not trigger
-        handler.assert_called_once_with(1, '2')
-        catchall_handler.assert_called_once_with('bar', 1, '2', 3)
+        c.on("foo", handler)
+        c.on("*", catchall_handler)
+        c._trigger_event("foo", "/", 1, "2")
+        c._trigger_event("bar", "/", 1, "2", 3)
+        c._trigger_event("connect", "/")  # should not trigger
+        handler.assert_called_once_with(1, "2")
+        catchall_handler.assert_called_once_with("bar", 1, "2", 3)
 
     def test_trigger_event_namespace(self):
         c = client.Client()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
         catchall_handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.on('foo', handler, namespace='/bar')
-        c.on('*', catchall_handler, namespace='/bar')
-        c._trigger_event('foo', '/bar', 1, '2')
-        c._trigger_event('bar', '/bar', 1, '2', 3)
-        handler.assert_called_once_with(1, '2')
-        catchall_handler.assert_called_once_with('bar', 1, '2', 3)
+        c.on("foo", handler, namespace="/bar")
+        c.on("*", catchall_handler, namespace="/bar")
+        c._trigger_event("foo", "/bar", 1, "2")
+        c._trigger_event("bar", "/bar", 1, "2", 3)
+        handler.assert_called_once_with(1, "2")
+        catchall_handler.assert_called_once_with("bar", 1, "2", 3)
 
     def test_trigger_event_class_namespace(self):
         c = client.Client()
@@ -979,9 +955,9 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
                 result.append(a)
                 result.append(b)
 
-        c.register_namespace(MyNamespace('/'))
-        c._trigger_event('foo', '/', 1, '2')
-        assert result == [1, '2']
+        c.register_namespace(MyNamespace("/"))
+        c._trigger_event("foo", "/", 1, "2")
+        assert result == [1, "2"]
 
     def test_trigger_event_unknown_namespace(self):
         c = client.Client()
@@ -992,14 +968,14 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
                 result.append(a)
                 result.append(b)
 
-        c.register_namespace(MyNamespace('/'))
-        c._trigger_event('foo', '/bar', 1, '2')
+        c.register_namespace(MyNamespace("/"))
+        c._trigger_event("foo", "/bar", 1, "2")
         assert result == []
 
-    @mock.patch('socketio.client.random.random', side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
+    @mock.patch("socketio.client.random.random", side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
     def test_handle_reconnect(self, random):
         c = client.Client()
-        c._reconnect_task = 'foo'
+        c._reconnect_task = "foo"
         c._reconnect_abort = c.eio.create_event()
         c._reconnect_abort.wait = mock.MagicMock(return_value=False)
         c.connect = mock.MagicMock(
@@ -1014,10 +990,10 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         ]
         assert c._reconnect_task is None
 
-    @mock.patch('socketio.client.random.random', side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
+    @mock.patch("socketio.client.random.random", side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
     def test_handle_reconnect_max_delay(self, random):
         c = client.Client(reconnection_delay_max=3)
-        c._reconnect_task = 'foo'
+        c._reconnect_task = "foo"
         c._reconnect_abort = c.eio.create_event()
         c._reconnect_abort.wait = mock.MagicMock(return_value=False)
         c.connect = mock.MagicMock(
@@ -1032,11 +1008,11 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         ]
         assert c._reconnect_task is None
 
-    @mock.patch('socketio.client.random.random', side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
+    @mock.patch("socketio.client.random.random", side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
     def test_handle_reconnect_max_attempts(self, random):
         c = client.Client(reconnection_attempts=2)
-        c.connection_namespaces = ['/']
-        c._reconnect_task = 'foo'
+        c.connection_namespaces = ["/"]
+        c._reconnect_task = "foo"
         c._reconnect_abort = c.eio.create_event()
         c._reconnect_abort.wait = mock.MagicMock(return_value=False)
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
@@ -1049,15 +1025,14 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
             mock.call(1.5),
             mock.call(1.5),
         ]
-        assert c._reconnect_task == 'foo'
-        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with('__disconnect_final',
-                                                 namespace='/')
+        assert c._reconnect_task == "foo"
+        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with("__disconnect_final", namespace="/")
 
-    @mock.patch('socketio.client.random.random', side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
+    @mock.patch("socketio.client.random.random", side_effect=[1, 0, 0.5])
     def test_handle_reconnect_aborted(self, random):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.connection_namespaces = ['/']
-        c._reconnect_task = 'foo'
+        c.connection_namespaces = ["/"]
+        c._reconnect_task = "foo"
         c._reconnect_abort = c.eio.create_event()
         c._reconnect_abort.wait = mock.MagicMock(side_effect=[False, True])
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
@@ -1068,54 +1043,45 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
             mock.call(1.5),
             mock.call(1.5),
         ]
-        assert c._reconnect_task == 'foo'
-        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with('__disconnect_final',
-                                                 namespace='/')
+        assert c._reconnect_task == "foo"
+        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with("__disconnect_final", namespace="/")
 
     def test_handle_eio_connect(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.connection_namespaces = ['/', '/foo']
-        c.connection_auth = 'auth'
+        c.connection_namespaces = ["/", "/foo"]
+        c.connection_auth = "auth"
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.eio.sid = 'foo'
+        c.eio.sid = "foo"
         assert c.sid is None
         c._handle_eio_connect()
-        assert c.sid == 'foo'
+        assert c.sid == "foo"
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 2
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.CONNECT, data='auth', namespace='/')
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.CONNECT, data="auth", namespace="/")
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.CONNECT, data='auth', namespace='/foo')
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.CONNECT, data="auth", namespace="/foo")
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_handle_eio_connect_function(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.connection_namespaces = ['/', '/foo']
-        c.connection_auth = lambda: 'auth'
+        c.connection_namespaces = ["/", "/foo"]
+        c.connection_auth = lambda: "auth"
         c._send_packet = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.eio.sid = 'foo'
+        c.eio.sid = "foo"
         assert c.sid is None
         c._handle_eio_connect()
-        assert c.sid == 'foo'
+        assert c.sid == "foo"
         assert c._send_packet.call_count == 2
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.CONNECT, data='auth', namespace='/')
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.CONNECT, data="auth", namespace="/")
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
-        expected_packet = packet.Packet(
-            packet.CONNECT, data='auth', namespace='/foo')
+        expected_packet = packet.Packet(packet.CONNECT, data="auth", namespace="/foo")
         assert (
-            c._send_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0].encode()
-            == expected_packet.encode()
+            c._send_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0].encode() == expected_packet.encode()
         )
 
     def test_handle_eio_message(self):
@@ -1127,97 +1093,95 @@ class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):
         c._handle_error = mock.MagicMock()
 
         c._handle_eio_message('0{"sid":"123"}')
-        c._handle_connect.assert_called_with(None, {'sid': '123'})
+        c._handle_connect.assert_called_with(None, {"sid": "123"})
         c._handle_eio_message('0/foo,{"sid":"123"}')
-        c._handle_connect.assert_called_with('/foo', {'sid': '123'})
-        c._handle_eio_message('1')
+        c._handle_connect.assert_called_with("/foo", {"sid": "123"})
+        c._handle_eio_message("1")
         c._handle_disconnect.assert_called_with(None)
-        c._handle_eio_message('1/foo')
-        c._handle_disconnect.assert_called_with('/foo')
+        c._handle_eio_message("1/foo")
+        c._handle_disconnect.assert_called_with("/foo")
         c._handle_eio_message('2["foo"]')
-        c._handle_event.assert_called_with(None, None, ['foo'])
+        c._handle_event.assert_called_with(None, None, ["foo"])
         c._handle_eio_message('3/foo,["bar"]')
-        c._handle_ack.assert_called_with('/foo', None, ['bar'])
-        c._handle_eio_message('4')
+        c._handle_ack.assert_called_with("/foo", None, ["bar"])
+        c._handle_eio_message("4")
         c._handle_error.assert_called_with(None, None)
         c._handle_eio_message('4"foo"')
-        c._handle_error.assert_called_with(None, 'foo')
+        c._handle_error.assert_called_with(None, "foo")
         c._handle_eio_message('4["foo"]')
-        c._handle_error.assert_called_with(None, ['foo'])
-        c._handle_eio_message('4/foo')
-        c._handle_error.assert_called_with('/foo', None)
+        c._handle_error.assert_called_with(None, ["foo"])
+        c._handle_eio_message("4/foo")
+        c._handle_error.assert_called_with("/foo", None)
         c._handle_eio_message('4/foo,["foo","bar"]')
-        c._handle_error.assert_called_with('/foo', ['foo', 'bar'])
+        c._handle_error.assert_called_with("/foo", ["foo", "bar"])
         c._handle_eio_message('51-{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}')
         assert c._binary_packet.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT
-        c._handle_eio_message(b'foo')
-        c._handle_event.assert_called_with(None, None, b'foo')
+        c._handle_eio_message(b"foo")
+        c._handle_event.assert_called_with(None, None, b"foo")
         c._handle_eio_message(
             '62-/foo,{"1":{"_placeholder":true,"num":1},'
             '"2":{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}}'
         )
         assert c._binary_packet.packet_type == packet.BINARY_ACK
-        c._handle_eio_message(b'bar')
-        c._handle_eio_message(b'foo')
-        c._handle_ack.assert_called_with(
-            '/foo', None, {'1': b'foo', '2': b'bar'}
-        )
+        c._handle_eio_message(b"bar")
+        c._handle_eio_message(b"foo")
+        c._handle_ack.assert_called_with("/foo", None, {"1": b"foo", "2": b"bar"})
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            c._handle_eio_message('9')
+            c._handle_eio_message("9")
 
     def test_eio_disconnect(self):
         c = client.Client()
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c.connected = True
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c.start_background_task = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.sid = 'foo'
-        c.eio.state = 'connected'
+        c.sid = "foo"
+        c.eio.state = "connected"
         c._handle_eio_disconnect()
-        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with('disconnect', namespace='/')
+        c._trigger_event.assert_called_once_with("disconnect", namespace="/")
         assert c.sid is None
         assert not c.connected
 
     def test_eio_disconnect_namespaces(self):
         c = client.Client()
         c.connected = True
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1', '/foo': '2', '/bar': '3'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1", "/foo": "2", "/bar": "3"}
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c.start_background_task = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.sid = 'foo'
-        c.eio.state = 'connected'
+        c.sid = "foo"
+        c.eio.state = "connected"
         c._handle_eio_disconnect()
-        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call('disconnect', namespace='/foo')
-        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call('disconnect', namespace='/bar')
-        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call('disconnect', namespace='/')
+        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/foo")
+        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/bar")
+        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/")
         assert c.sid is None
         assert not c.connected
 
     def test_eio_disconnect_reconnect(self):
         c = client.Client(reconnection=True)
         c.start_background_task = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.eio.state = 'connected'
+        c.eio.state = "connected"
         c._handle_eio_disconnect()
         c.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with(c._handle_reconnect)
 
     def test_eio_disconnect_self_disconnect(self):
         c = client.Client(reconnection=True)
         c.start_background_task = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.eio.state = 'disconnected'
+        c.eio.state = "disconnected"
         c._handle_eio_disconnect()
         c.start_background_task.assert_not_called()
 
     def test_eio_disconnect_no_reconnect(self):
         c = client.Client(reconnection=False)
-        c.namespaces = {'/': '1'}
+        c.namespaces = {"/": "1"}
         c.connected = True
         c._trigger_event = mock.MagicMock()
         c.start_background_task = mock.MagicMock()
-        c.sid = 'foo'
-        c.eio.state = 'connected'
+        c.sid = "foo"
+        c.eio.state = "connected"
         c._handle_eio_disconnect()
-        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call('disconnect', namespace='/')
-        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call('__disconnect_final', namespace='/')
+        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call("disconnect", namespace="/")
+        c._trigger_event.assert_any_call("__disconnect_final", namespace="/")
         assert c.sid is None
         assert not c.connected
         c.start_background_task.assert_not_called()
diff --git a/tests/common/test_manager.py b/tests/common/test_manager.py
index 8bb826a..9da4c94 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_manager.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_manager.py
@@ -24,329 +24,324 @@ class TestBaseManager(unittest.TestCase):
         self.bm.initialize()
 
     def test_connect(self):
-        sid = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        assert None in self.bm.rooms['/foo']
-        assert sid in self.bm.rooms['/foo']
-        assert sid in self.bm.rooms['/foo'][None]
-        assert sid in self.bm.rooms['/foo'][sid]
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][None]) == {sid: '123'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][sid]) == {sid: '123'}
-        assert self.bm.sid_from_eio_sid('123', '/foo') == sid
-        assert self.bm.sid_from_eio_sid('1234', '/foo') is None
-        assert self.bm.sid_from_eio_sid('123', '/bar') is None
-        assert self.bm.eio_sid_from_sid(sid, '/foo') == '123'
-        assert self.bm.eio_sid_from_sid('x', '/foo') is None
-        assert self.bm.eio_sid_from_sid(sid, '/bar') is None
+        sid = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        assert None in self.bm.rooms["/foo"]
+        assert sid in self.bm.rooms["/foo"]
+        assert sid in self.bm.rooms["/foo"][None]
+        assert sid in self.bm.rooms["/foo"][sid]
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][None]) == {sid: "123"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][sid]) == {sid: "123"}
+        assert self.bm.sid_from_eio_sid("123", "/foo") == sid
+        assert self.bm.sid_from_eio_sid("1234", "/foo") is None
+        assert self.bm.sid_from_eio_sid("123", "/bar") is None
+        assert self.bm.eio_sid_from_sid(sid, "/foo") == "123"
+        assert self.bm.eio_sid_from_sid("x", "/foo") is None
+        assert self.bm.eio_sid_from_sid(sid, "/bar") is None
 
     def test_pre_disconnect(self):
-        sid1 = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        sid2 = self.bm.connect('456', '/foo')
-        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid1, '/foo')
-        assert self.bm.pre_disconnect(sid1, '/foo') == '123'
-        assert self.bm.pending_disconnect == {'/foo': [sid1]}
-        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid1, '/foo')
-        assert self.bm.pre_disconnect(sid2, '/foo') == '456'
-        assert self.bm.pending_disconnect == {'/foo': [sid1, sid2]}
-        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid2, '/foo')
-        self.bm.disconnect(sid1, '/foo')
-        assert self.bm.pending_disconnect == {'/foo': [sid2]}
-        self.bm.disconnect(sid2, '/foo')
+        sid1 = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        sid2 = self.bm.connect("456", "/foo")
+        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid1, "/foo")
+        assert self.bm.pre_disconnect(sid1, "/foo") == "123"
+        assert self.bm.pending_disconnect == {"/foo": [sid1]}
+        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid1, "/foo")
+        assert self.bm.pre_disconnect(sid2, "/foo") == "456"
+        assert self.bm.pending_disconnect == {"/foo": [sid1, sid2]}
+        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid2, "/foo")
+        self.bm.disconnect(sid1, "/foo")
+        assert self.bm.pending_disconnect == {"/foo": [sid2]}
+        self.bm.disconnect(sid2, "/foo")
         assert self.bm.pending_disconnect == {}
 
     def test_disconnect(self):
-        sid1 = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        sid2 = self.bm.connect('456', '/foo')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'baz')
-        self.bm.disconnect(sid1, '/foo')
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][None]) == {sid2: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][sid2]) == {sid2: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo']['baz']) == {sid2: '456'}
+        sid1 = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        sid2 = self.bm.connect("456", "/foo")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "baz")
+        self.bm.disconnect(sid1, "/foo")
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][None]) == {sid2: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][sid2]) == {sid2: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"]["baz"]) == {sid2: "456"}
 
     def test_disconnect_default_namespace(self):
-        sid1 = self.bm.connect('123', '/')
-        sid2 = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        sid3 = self.bm.connect('456', '/')
-        sid4 = self.bm.connect('456', '/foo')
-        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid1, '/')
-        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid2, '/foo')
-        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid2, '/')
-        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid1, '/foo')
-        self.bm.disconnect(sid1, '/')
-        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid1, '/')
-        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid2, '/foo')
-        self.bm.disconnect(sid2, '/foo')
-        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid2, '/foo')
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/'][None]) == {sid3: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/'][sid3]) == {sid3: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][None]) == {sid4: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][sid4]) == {sid4: '456'}
+        sid1 = self.bm.connect("123", "/")
+        sid2 = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        sid3 = self.bm.connect("456", "/")
+        sid4 = self.bm.connect("456", "/foo")
+        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid1, "/")
+        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid2, "/foo")
+        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid2, "/")
+        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid1, "/foo")
+        self.bm.disconnect(sid1, "/")
+        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid1, "/")
+        assert self.bm.is_connected(sid2, "/foo")
+        self.bm.disconnect(sid2, "/foo")
+        assert not self.bm.is_connected(sid2, "/foo")
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/"][None]) == {sid3: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/"][sid3]) == {sid3: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][None]) == {sid4: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][sid4]) == {sid4: "456"}
 
     def test_disconnect_twice(self):
-        sid1 = self.bm.connect('123', '/')
-        sid2 = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        sid3 = self.bm.connect('456', '/')
-        sid4 = self.bm.connect('456', '/foo')
-        self.bm.disconnect(sid1, '/')
-        self.bm.disconnect(sid2, '/foo')
-        self.bm.disconnect(sid1, '/')
-        self.bm.disconnect(sid2, '/foo')
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/'][None]) == {sid3: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/'][sid3]) == {sid3: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][None]) == {sid4: '456'}
-        assert dict(self.bm.rooms['/foo'][sid4]) == {sid4: '456'}
+        sid1 = self.bm.connect("123", "/")
+        sid2 = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        sid3 = self.bm.connect("456", "/")
+        sid4 = self.bm.connect("456", "/foo")
+        self.bm.disconnect(sid1, "/")
+        self.bm.disconnect(sid2, "/foo")
+        self.bm.disconnect(sid1, "/")
+        self.bm.disconnect(sid2, "/foo")
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/"][None]) == {sid3: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/"][sid3]) == {sid3: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][None]) == {sid4: "456"}
+        assert dict(self.bm.rooms["/foo"][sid4]) == {sid4: "456"}
 
     def test_disconnect_all(self):
-        sid1 = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        sid2 = self.bm.connect('456', '/foo')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'baz')
-        self.bm.disconnect(sid1, '/foo')
-        self.bm.disconnect(sid2, '/foo')
+        sid1 = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        sid2 = self.bm.connect("456", "/foo")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "baz")
+        self.bm.disconnect(sid1, "/foo")
+        self.bm.disconnect(sid2, "/foo")
         assert self.bm.rooms == {}
 
     def test_disconnect_with_callbacks(self):
-        sid1 = self.bm.connect('123', '/')
-        sid2 = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        sid3 = self.bm.connect('456', '/foo')
-        self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid1, 'f')
-        self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid2, 'g')
-        self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid3, 'h')
-        self.bm.disconnect(sid2, '/foo')
+        sid1 = self.bm.connect("123", "/")
+        sid2 = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        sid3 = self.bm.connect("456", "/foo")
+        self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid1, "f")
+        self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid2, "g")
+        self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid3, "h")
+        self.bm.disconnect(sid2, "/foo")
         assert sid2 not in self.bm.callbacks
-        self.bm.disconnect(sid1, '/')
+        self.bm.disconnect(sid1, "/")
         assert sid1 not in self.bm.callbacks
         assert sid3 in self.bm.callbacks
 
     def test_disconnect_bad_namespace(self):
-        self.bm.connect('123', '/')
-        self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        self.bm.disconnect('123', '/bar')  # should not assert
+        self.bm.connect("123", "/")
+        self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        self.bm.disconnect("123", "/bar")  # should not assert
 
     def test_enter_room_bad_namespace(self):
-        sid = self.bm.connect('123', '/')
+        sid = self.bm.connect("123", "/")
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            self.bm.enter_room(sid, '/foo', 'bar')
+            self.bm.enter_room(sid, "/foo", "bar")
 
     def test_trigger_callback(self):
-        sid1 = self.bm.connect('123', '/')
-        sid2 = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
+        sid1 = self.bm.connect("123", "/")
+        sid2 = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
         cb = mock.MagicMock()
         id1 = self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid1, cb)
         id2 = self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid2, cb)
         id3 = self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid1, cb)
-        self.bm.trigger_callback(sid1, id1, ['foo'])
-        self.bm.trigger_callback(sid1, id3, ['bar'])
-        self.bm.trigger_callback(sid2, id2, ['bar', 'baz'])
+        self.bm.trigger_callback(sid1, id1, ["foo"])
+        self.bm.trigger_callback(sid1, id3, ["bar"])
+        self.bm.trigger_callback(sid2, id2, ["bar", "baz"])
         assert cb.call_count == 3
-        cb.assert_any_call('foo')
-        cb.assert_any_call('bar')
-        cb.assert_any_call('bar', 'baz')
+        cb.assert_any_call("foo")
+        cb.assert_any_call("bar")
+        cb.assert_any_call("bar", "baz")
 
     def test_invalid_callback(self):
-        sid = self.bm.connect('123', '/')
+        sid = self.bm.connect("123", "/")
         cb = mock.MagicMock()
         id = self.bm._generate_ack_id(sid, cb)
 
         # these should not raise an exception
-        self.bm.trigger_callback('xxx', id, ['foo'])
-        self.bm.trigger_callback(sid, id + 1, ['foo'])
+        self.bm.trigger_callback("xxx", id, ["foo"])
+        self.bm.trigger_callback(sid, id + 1, ["foo"])
         assert cb.call_count == 0
 
     def test_get_namespaces(self):
         assert list(self.bm.get_namespaces()) == []
-        self.bm.connect('123', '/')
-        self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
+        self.bm.connect("123", "/")
+        self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
         namespaces = list(self.bm.get_namespaces())
         assert len(namespaces) == 2
-        assert '/' in namespaces
-        assert '/foo' in namespaces
+        assert "/" in namespaces
+        assert "/foo" in namespaces
 
     def test_get_participants(self):
-        sid1 = self.bm.connect('123', '/')
-        sid2 = self.bm.connect('456', '/')
-        sid3 = self.bm.connect('789', '/')
-        self.bm.disconnect(sid3, '/')
-        assert sid3 not in self.bm.rooms['/'][None]
-        participants = list(self.bm.get_participants('/', None))
+        sid1 = self.bm.connect("123", "/")
+        sid2 = self.bm.connect("456", "/")
+        sid3 = self.bm.connect("789", "/")
+        self.bm.disconnect(sid3, "/")
+        assert sid3 not in self.bm.rooms["/"][None]
+        participants = list(self.bm.get_participants("/", None))
         assert len(participants) == 2
-        assert (sid1, '123') in participants
-        assert (sid2, '456') in participants
-        assert (sid3, '789') not in participants
+        assert (sid1, "123") in participants
+        assert (sid2, "456") in participants
+        assert (sid3, "789") not in participants
 
     def test_leave_invalid_room(self):
-        sid = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        self.bm.leave_room(sid, '/foo', 'baz')
-        self.bm.leave_room(sid, '/bar', 'baz')
+        sid = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        self.bm.leave_room(sid, "/foo", "baz")
+        self.bm.leave_room(sid, "/bar", "baz")
 
     def test_no_room(self):
-        rooms = self.bm.get_rooms('123', '/foo')
+        rooms = self.bm.get_rooms("123", "/foo")
         assert [] == rooms
 
     def test_close_room(self):
-        sid1 = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        self.bm.connect('456', '/foo')
-        self.bm.connect('789', '/foo')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar')
-        self.bm.close_room('bar', '/foo')
-        assert 'bar' not in self.bm.rooms['/foo']
+        sid1 = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        self.bm.connect("456", "/foo")
+        self.bm.connect("789", "/foo")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar")
+        self.bm.close_room("bar", "/foo")
+        assert "bar" not in self.bm.rooms["/foo"]
 
     def test_close_invalid_room(self):
-        self.bm.close_room('bar', '/foo')
+        self.bm.close_room("bar", "/foo")
 
     def test_rooms(self):
-        sid = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid, '/foo', 'bar')
-        r = self.bm.get_rooms(sid, '/foo')
+        sid = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid, "/foo", "bar")
+        r = self.bm.get_rooms(sid, "/foo")
         assert len(r) == 2
         assert sid in r
-        assert 'bar' in r
+        assert "bar" in r
 
     def test_emit_to_sid(self):
-        sid = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        self.bm.connect('456', '/foo')
-        self.bm.emit('my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/foo', room=sid)
+        sid = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        self.bm.connect("456", "/foo")
+        self.bm.emit("my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/foo", room=sid)
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_count == 1
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == '123'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event",{"foo":"bar"}]'
 
     def test_emit_to_room(self):
-        sid1 = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar')
-        sid2 = self.bm.connect('456', '/foo')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'bar')
-        self.bm.connect('789', '/foo')
-        self.bm.emit('my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/foo', room='bar')
+        sid1 = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar")
+        sid2 = self.bm.connect("456", "/foo")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "bar")
+        self.bm.connect("789", "/foo")
+        self.bm.emit("my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/foo", room="bar")
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_count == 2
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == '123'
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0] == '456'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0] == "456"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt == self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[1][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event",{"foo":"bar"}]'
 
     def test_emit_to_rooms(self):
-        sid1 = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar')
-        sid2 = self.bm.connect('456', '/foo')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'bar')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'baz')
-        sid3 = self.bm.connect('789', '/foo')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid3, '/foo', 'baz')
-        self.bm.emit('my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/foo',
-                     room=['bar', 'baz'])
+        sid1 = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar")
+        sid2 = self.bm.connect("456", "/foo")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "bar")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "baz")
+        sid3 = self.bm.connect("789", "/foo")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid3, "/foo", "baz")
+        self.bm.emit("my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/foo", room=["bar", "baz"])
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_count == 3
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == '123'
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0] == '456'
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[2][0][0] == '789'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0] == "456"
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[2][0][0] == "789"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt == self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[1][0][1]
         assert pkt == self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[2][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event",{"foo":"bar"}]'
 
     def test_emit_to_all(self):
-        sid1 = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar')
-        sid2 = self.bm.connect('456', '/foo')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'bar')
-        self.bm.connect('789', '/foo')
-        self.bm.connect('abc', '/bar')
-        self.bm.emit('my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/foo')
+        sid1 = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar")
+        sid2 = self.bm.connect("456", "/foo")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "bar")
+        self.bm.connect("789", "/foo")
+        self.bm.connect("abc", "/bar")
+        self.bm.emit("my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/foo")
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_count == 3
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == '123'
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0] == '456'
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[2][0][0] == '789'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0] == "456"
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[2][0][0] == "789"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt == self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[1][0][1]
         assert pkt == self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[2][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event",{"foo":"bar"}]'
 
     def test_emit_to_all_skip_one(self):
-        sid1 = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar')
-        sid2 = self.bm.connect('456', '/foo')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'bar')
-        self.bm.connect('789', '/foo')
-        self.bm.connect('abc', '/bar')
-        self.bm.emit(
-            'my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/foo', skip_sid=sid2
-        )
+        sid1 = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar")
+        sid2 = self.bm.connect("456", "/foo")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "bar")
+        self.bm.connect("789", "/foo")
+        self.bm.connect("abc", "/bar")
+        self.bm.emit("my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/foo", skip_sid=sid2)
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_count == 2
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == '123'
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0] == '789'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0] == "789"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt == self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[1][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event",{"foo":"bar"}]'
 
     def test_emit_to_all_skip_two(self):
-        sid1 = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, '/foo', 'bar')
-        sid2 = self.bm.connect('456', '/foo')
-        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, '/foo', 'bar')
-        sid3 = self.bm.connect('789', '/foo')
-        self.bm.connect('abc', '/bar')
+        sid1 = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid1, "/foo", "bar")
+        sid2 = self.bm.connect("456", "/foo")
+        self.bm.enter_room(sid2, "/foo", "bar")
+        sid3 = self.bm.connect("789", "/foo")
+        self.bm.connect("abc", "/bar")
         self.bm.emit(
-            'my event',
-            {'foo': 'bar'},
-            namespace='/foo',
+            "my event",
+            {"foo": "bar"},
+            namespace="/foo",
             skip_sid=[sid1, sid3],
         )
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_count == 1
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == '456'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "456"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event",{"foo":"bar"}]'
 
     def test_emit_with_callback(self):
-        sid = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
+        sid = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
         self.bm._generate_ack_id = mock.MagicMock()
         self.bm._generate_ack_id.return_value = 11
-        self.bm.emit(
-            'my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/foo', callback='cb'
-        )
-        self.bm._generate_ack_id.assert_called_once_with(sid, 'cb')
+        self.bm.emit("my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/foo", callback="cb")
+        self.bm._generate_ack_id.assert_called_once_with(sid, "cb")
         assert self.bm.server._send_packet.call_count == 1
-        assert self.bm.server._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == '123'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '2/foo,11["my event",{"foo":"bar"}]'
 
     def test_emit_to_invalid_room(self):
-        self.bm.emit('my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/', room='123')
+        self.bm.emit("my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/", room="123")
 
     def test_emit_to_invalid_namespace(self):
-        self.bm.emit('my event', {'foo': 'bar'}, namespace='/foo')
+        self.bm.emit("my event", {"foo": "bar"}, namespace="/foo")
 
     def test_emit_with_tuple(self):
-        sid = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        self.bm.emit('my event', ('foo', 'bar'), namespace='/foo', room=sid)
+        sid = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        self.bm.emit("my event", ("foo", "bar"), namespace="/foo", room=sid)
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_count == 1
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == '123'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event","foo","bar"]'
 
     def test_emit_with_list(self):
-        sid = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        self.bm.emit('my event', ['foo', 'bar'], namespace='/foo', room=sid)
+        sid = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        self.bm.emit("my event", ["foo", "bar"], namespace="/foo", room=sid)
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_count == 1
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == '123'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event",["foo","bar"]]'
 
     def test_emit_with_none(self):
-        sid = self.bm.connect('123', '/foo')
-        self.bm.emit('my event', None, namespace='/foo', room=sid)
+        sid = self.bm.connect("123", "/foo")
+        self.bm.emit("my event", None, namespace="/foo", room=sid)
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_count == 1
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == '123'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42/foo,["my event"]'
 
     def test_emit_binary(self):
-        sid = self.bm.connect('123', '/')
-        self.bm.emit(u'my event', b'my binary data', namespace='/', room=sid)
+        sid = self.bm.connect("123", "/")
+        self.bm.emit("my event", b"my binary data", namespace="/", room=sid)
         assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_count == 2
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == '123'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '451-["my event",{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}]'
-        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0] == '123'
+        assert self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[1][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.bm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[1][0][1]
-        assert pkt.encode() == b'my binary data'
+        assert pkt.encode() == b"my binary data"
diff --git a/tests/common/test_middleware.py b/tests/common/test_middleware.py
index 8611a04..60ec0e8 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_middleware.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_middleware.py
@@ -7,33 +7,31 @@ from socketio import middleware
 class TestMiddleware(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_wsgi_routing(self):
         mock_wsgi_app = mock.MagicMock()
-        mock_sio_app = 'foo'
+        mock_sio_app = "foo"
         m = middleware.Middleware(mock_sio_app, mock_wsgi_app)
-        environ = {'PATH_INFO': '/foo'}
+        environ = {"PATH_INFO": "/foo"}
         start_response = "foo"
         m(environ, start_response)
         mock_wsgi_app.assert_called_once_with(environ, start_response)
 
     def test_sio_routing(self):
-        mock_wsgi_app = 'foo'
+        mock_wsgi_app = "foo"
         mock_sio_app = mock.Mock()
         mock_sio_app.handle_request = mock.MagicMock()
         m = middleware.Middleware(mock_sio_app, mock_wsgi_app)
-        environ = {'PATH_INFO': '/socket.io/'}
+        environ = {"PATH_INFO": "/socket.io/"}
         start_response = "foo"
         m(environ, start_response)
-        mock_sio_app.handle_request.assert_called_once_with(
-            environ, start_response
-        )
+        mock_sio_app.handle_request.assert_called_once_with(environ, start_response)
 
     def test_404(self):
         mock_wsgi_app = None
         mock_sio_app = mock.Mock()
         m = middleware.Middleware(mock_sio_app, mock_wsgi_app)
-        environ = {'PATH_INFO': '/foo/bar'}
+        environ = {"PATH_INFO": "/foo/bar"}
         start_response = mock.MagicMock()
         r = m(environ, start_response)
-        assert r == [b'Not Found']
+        assert r == [b"Not Found"]
         start_response.assert_called_once_with(
-            "404 Not Found", [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')]
+            "404 Not Found", [("Content-Type", "text/plain")]
         )
diff --git a/tests/common/test_msgpack_packet.py b/tests/common/test_msgpack_packet.py
index 4930cff..930cc7c 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_msgpack_packet.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_msgpack_packet.py
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ from socketio import packet
 class TestMsgPackPacket(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_encode_decode(self):
         p = msgpack_packet.MsgPackPacket(
-            packet.CONNECT, data={'auth': {'token': '123'}}, namespace='/foo')
+            packet.CONNECT, data={"auth": {"token": "123"}}, namespace="/foo"
+        )
         p2 = msgpack_packet.MsgPackPacket(encoded_packet=p.encode())
         assert p.packet_type == p2.packet_type
         assert p.data == p2.data
@@ -16,7 +17,8 @@ class TestMsgPackPacket(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_encode_decode_with_id(self):
         p = msgpack_packet.MsgPackPacket(
-            packet.EVENT, data=['ev', 42], id=123, namespace='/foo')
+            packet.EVENT, data=["ev", 42], id=123, namespace="/foo"
+        )
         p2 = msgpack_packet.MsgPackPacket(encoded_packet=p.encode())
         assert p.packet_type == p2.packet_type
         assert p.data == p2.data
@@ -24,13 +26,13 @@ class TestMsgPackPacket(unittest.TestCase):
         assert p.namespace == p2.namespace
 
     def test_encode_binary_event_packet(self):
-        p = msgpack_packet.MsgPackPacket(packet.EVENT, data={'foo': b'bar'})
+        p = msgpack_packet.MsgPackPacket(packet.EVENT, data={"foo": b"bar"})
         assert p.packet_type == packet.EVENT
         p2 = msgpack_packet.MsgPackPacket(encoded_packet=p.encode())
-        assert p2.data == {'foo': b'bar'}
+        assert p2.data == {"foo": b"bar"}
 
     def test_encode_binary_ack_packet(self):
-        p = msgpack_packet.MsgPackPacket(packet.ACK, data={'foo': b'bar'})
+        p = msgpack_packet.MsgPackPacket(packet.ACK, data={"foo": b"bar"})
         assert p.packet_type == packet.ACK
         p2 = msgpack_packet.MsgPackPacket(encoded_packet=p.encode())
-        assert p2.data == {'foo': b'bar'}
+        assert p2.data == {"foo": b"bar"}
diff --git a/tests/common/test_namespace.py b/tests/common/test_namespace.py
index 7967cec..e42d20c 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_namespace.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_namespace.py
@@ -10,262 +10,247 @@ class TestNamespace(unittest.TestCase):
 
         class MyNamespace(namespace.Namespace):
             def on_connect(self, sid, environ):
-                result['result'] = (sid, environ)
+                result["result"] = (sid, environ)
 
-        ns = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = MyNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.trigger_event('connect', 'sid', {'foo': 'bar'})
-        assert result['result'] == ('sid', {'foo': 'bar'})
+        ns.trigger_event("connect", "sid", {"foo": "bar"})
+        assert result["result"] == ("sid", {"foo": "bar"})
 
     def test_disconnect_event(self):
         result = {}
 
         class MyNamespace(namespace.Namespace):
             def on_disconnect(self, sid):
-                result['result'] = sid
+                result["result"] = sid
 
-        ns = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = MyNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.trigger_event('disconnect', 'sid')
-        assert result['result'] == 'sid'
+        ns.trigger_event("disconnect", "sid")
+        assert result["result"] == "sid"
 
     def test_event(self):
         result = {}
 
         class MyNamespace(namespace.Namespace):
             def on_custom_message(self, sid, data):
-                result['result'] = (sid, data)
+                result["result"] = (sid, data)
 
-        ns = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = MyNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.trigger_event('custom_message', 'sid', {'data': 'data'})
-        assert result['result'] == ('sid', {'data': 'data'})
+        ns.trigger_event("custom_message", "sid", {"data": "data"})
+        assert result["result"] == ("sid", {"data": "data"})
 
     def test_event_not_found(self):
         result = {}
 
         class MyNamespace(namespace.Namespace):
             def on_custom_message(self, sid, data):
-                result['result'] = (sid, data)
+                result["result"] = (sid, data)
 
-        ns = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = MyNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.trigger_event('another_custom_message', 'sid', {'data': 'data'})
+        ns.trigger_event("another_custom_message", "sid", {"data": "data"})
         assert result == {}
 
     def test_emit(self):
-        ns = namespace.Namespace('/foo')
+        ns = namespace.Namespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.emit('ev', data='data', to='room', skip_sid='skip', callback='cb')
+        ns.emit("ev", data="data", to="room", skip_sid="skip", callback="cb")
         ns.server.emit.assert_called_with(
-            'ev',
-            data='data',
-            to='room',
+            "ev",
+            data="data",
+            to="room",
             room=None,
-            skip_sid='skip',
-            namespace='/foo',
-            callback='cb',
+            skip_sid="skip",
+            namespace="/foo",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=False,
         )
         ns.emit(
-            'ev',
-            data='data',
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='skip',
-            namespace='/bar',
-            callback='cb',
+            "ev",
+            data="data",
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="skip",
+            namespace="/bar",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
         ns.server.emit.assert_called_with(
-            'ev',
-            data='data',
+            "ev",
+            data="data",
             to=None,
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='skip',
-            namespace='/bar',
-            callback='cb',
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="skip",
+            namespace="/bar",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
 
     def test_send(self):
-        ns = namespace.Namespace('/foo')
+        ns = namespace.Namespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.send(data='data', to='room', skip_sid='skip', callback='cb')
+        ns.send(data="data", to="room", skip_sid="skip", callback="cb")
         ns.server.send.assert_called_with(
-            'data',
-            to='room',
+            "data",
+            to="room",
             room=None,
-            skip_sid='skip',
-            namespace='/foo',
-            callback='cb',
+            skip_sid="skip",
+            namespace="/foo",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=False,
         )
         ns.send(
-            data='data',
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='skip',
-            namespace='/bar',
-            callback='cb',
+            data="data",
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="skip",
+            namespace="/bar",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
         ns.server.send.assert_called_with(
-            'data',
+            "data",
             to=None,
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='skip',
-            namespace='/bar',
-            callback='cb',
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="skip",
+            namespace="/bar",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
 
     def test_call(self):
-        ns = namespace.Namespace('/foo')
+        ns = namespace.Namespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.call('ev', data='data', to='sid')
+        ns.call("ev", data="data", to="sid")
         ns.server.call.assert_called_with(
-            'ev',
-            data='data',
-            to='sid',
+            "ev",
+            data="data",
+            to="sid",
             sid=None,
-            namespace='/foo',
+            namespace="/foo",
             timeout=None,
             ignore_queue=False,
         )
         ns.call(
-            'ev',
-            data='data',
-            sid='sid',
-            namespace='/bar',
+            "ev",
+            data="data",
+            sid="sid",
+            namespace="/bar",
             timeout=45,
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
         ns.server.call.assert_called_with(
-            'ev',
-            data='data',
+            "ev",
+            data="data",
             to=None,
-            sid='sid',
-            namespace='/bar',
+            sid="sid",
+            namespace="/bar",
             timeout=45,
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
 
     def test_enter_room(self):
-        ns = namespace.Namespace('/foo')
+        ns = namespace.Namespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.enter_room('sid', 'room')
-        ns.server.enter_room.assert_called_with(
-            'sid', 'room', namespace='/foo'
-        )
-        ns.enter_room('sid', 'room', namespace='/bar')
-        ns.server.enter_room.assert_called_with(
-            'sid', 'room', namespace='/bar'
-        )
+        ns.enter_room("sid", "room")
+        ns.server.enter_room.assert_called_with("sid", "room", namespace="/foo")
+        ns.enter_room("sid", "room", namespace="/bar")
+        ns.server.enter_room.assert_called_with("sid", "room", namespace="/bar")
 
     def test_leave_room(self):
-        ns = namespace.Namespace('/foo')
+        ns = namespace.Namespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.leave_room('sid', 'room')
-        ns.server.leave_room.assert_called_with(
-            'sid', 'room', namespace='/foo'
-        )
-        ns.leave_room('sid', 'room', namespace='/bar')
-        ns.server.leave_room.assert_called_with(
-            'sid', 'room', namespace='/bar'
-        )
+        ns.leave_room("sid", "room")
+        ns.server.leave_room.assert_called_with("sid", "room", namespace="/foo")
+        ns.leave_room("sid", "room", namespace="/bar")
+        ns.server.leave_room.assert_called_with("sid", "room", namespace="/bar")
 
     def test_close_room(self):
-        ns = namespace.Namespace('/foo')
+        ns = namespace.Namespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.close_room('room')
-        ns.server.close_room.assert_called_with('room', namespace='/foo')
-        ns.close_room('room', namespace='/bar')
-        ns.server.close_room.assert_called_with('room', namespace='/bar')
+        ns.close_room("room")
+        ns.server.close_room.assert_called_with("room", namespace="/foo")
+        ns.close_room("room", namespace="/bar")
+        ns.server.close_room.assert_called_with("room", namespace="/bar")
 
     def test_rooms(self):
-        ns = namespace.Namespace('/foo')
+        ns = namespace.Namespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.rooms('sid')
-        ns.server.rooms.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/foo')
-        ns.rooms('sid', namespace='/bar')
-        ns.server.rooms.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/bar')
+        ns.rooms("sid")
+        ns.server.rooms.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/foo")
+        ns.rooms("sid", namespace="/bar")
+        ns.server.rooms.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/bar")
 
     def test_session(self):
-        ns = namespace.Namespace('/foo')
+        ns = namespace.Namespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.get_session('sid')
-        ns.server.get_session.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/foo')
-        ns.get_session('sid', namespace='/bar')
-        ns.server.get_session.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/bar')
-        ns.save_session('sid', {'a': 'b'})
-        ns.server.save_session.assert_called_with(
-            'sid', {'a': 'b'}, namespace='/foo'
-        )
-        ns.save_session('sid', {'a': 'b'}, namespace='/bar')
-        ns.server.save_session.assert_called_with(
-            'sid', {'a': 'b'}, namespace='/bar'
-        )
-        ns.session('sid')
-        ns.server.session.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/foo')
-        ns.session('sid', namespace='/bar')
-        ns.server.session.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/bar')
+        ns.get_session("sid")
+        ns.server.get_session.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/foo")
+        ns.get_session("sid", namespace="/bar")
+        ns.server.get_session.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/bar")
+        ns.save_session("sid", {"a": "b"})
+        ns.server.save_session.assert_called_with("sid", {"a": "b"}, namespace="/foo")
+        ns.save_session("sid", {"a": "b"}, namespace="/bar")
+        ns.server.save_session.assert_called_with("sid", {"a": "b"}, namespace="/bar")
+        ns.session("sid")
+        ns.server.session.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/foo")
+        ns.session("sid", namespace="/bar")
+        ns.server.session.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/bar")
 
     def test_disconnect(self):
-        ns = namespace.Namespace('/foo')
+        ns = namespace.Namespace("/foo")
         ns._set_server(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.disconnect('sid')
-        ns.server.disconnect.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/foo')
-        ns.disconnect('sid', namespace='/bar')
-        ns.server.disconnect.assert_called_with('sid', namespace='/bar')
+        ns.disconnect("sid")
+        ns.server.disconnect.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/foo")
+        ns.disconnect("sid", namespace="/bar")
+        ns.server.disconnect.assert_called_with("sid", namespace="/bar")
 
     def test_event_not_found_client(self):
         result = {}
 
         class MyNamespace(namespace.ClientNamespace):
             def on_custom_message(self, sid, data):
-                result['result'] = (sid, data)
+                result["result"] = (sid, data)
 
-        ns = MyNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = MyNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_client(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.trigger_event('another_custom_message', 'sid', {'data': 'data'})
+        ns.trigger_event("another_custom_message", "sid", {"data": "data"})
         assert result == {}
 
     def test_emit_client(self):
-        ns = namespace.ClientNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = namespace.ClientNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_client(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.emit('ev', data='data', callback='cb')
+        ns.emit("ev", data="data", callback="cb")
         ns.client.emit.assert_called_with(
-            'ev', data='data', namespace='/foo', callback='cb'
+            "ev", data="data", namespace="/foo", callback="cb"
         )
-        ns.emit('ev', data='data', namespace='/bar', callback='cb')
+        ns.emit("ev", data="data", namespace="/bar", callback="cb")
         ns.client.emit.assert_called_with(
-            'ev', data='data', namespace='/bar', callback='cb'
+            "ev", data="data", namespace="/bar", callback="cb"
         )
 
     def test_send_client(self):
-        ns = namespace.ClientNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = namespace.ClientNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_client(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.send(data='data', callback='cb')
-        ns.client.send.assert_called_with(
-            'data', namespace='/foo', callback='cb'
-        )
-        ns.send(data='data', namespace='/bar', callback='cb')
-        ns.client.send.assert_called_with(
-            'data', namespace='/bar', callback='cb'
-        )
+        ns.send(data="data", callback="cb")
+        ns.client.send.assert_called_with("data", namespace="/foo", callback="cb")
+        ns.send(data="data", namespace="/bar", callback="cb")
+        ns.client.send.assert_called_with("data", namespace="/bar", callback="cb")
 
     def test_call_client(self):
-        ns = namespace.ClientNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = namespace.ClientNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_client(mock.MagicMock())
-        ns.call('ev', data='data')
+        ns.call("ev", data="data")
         ns.client.call.assert_called_with(
-            'ev', data='data', namespace='/foo', timeout=None)
-        ns.call('ev', data='data', namespace='/bar', timeout=45)
+            "ev", data="data", namespace="/foo", timeout=None
+        )
+        ns.call("ev", data="data", namespace="/bar", timeout=45)
         ns.client.call.assert_called_with(
-            'ev', data='data', namespace='/bar', timeout=45
+            "ev", data="data", namespace="/bar", timeout=45
         )
 
     def test_disconnect_client(self):
-        ns = namespace.ClientNamespace('/foo')
+        ns = namespace.ClientNamespace("/foo")
         ns._set_client(mock.MagicMock())
         ns.disconnect()
         ns.client.disconnect.assert_called_with()
diff --git a/tests/common/test_packet.py b/tests/common/test_packet.py
index 1dcc8f0..4e08feb 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_packet.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_packet.py
@@ -13,130 +13,124 @@ class TestPacket(unittest.TestCase):
         assert pkt.namespace is None
         assert pkt.id is None
         assert pkt.attachment_count == 0
-        assert pkt.encode() == '2'
+        assert pkt.encode() == "2"
 
     def test_decode_default_packet(self):
-        pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet='2')
-        assert pkt.encode(), '2'
+        pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet="2")
+        assert pkt.encode(), "2"
 
     def test_encode_text_event_packet(self):
-        pkt = packet.Packet(
-            packet_type=packet.EVENT, data=['foo']
-        )
+        pkt = packet.Packet(packet_type=packet.EVENT, data=["foo"])
         assert pkt.packet_type == packet.EVENT
-        assert pkt.data == ['foo']
+        assert pkt.data == ["foo"]
         assert pkt.encode() == '2["foo"]'
 
     def test_decode_text_event_packet(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet='2["foo"]')
         assert pkt.packet_type == packet.EVENT
-        assert pkt.data == ['foo']
+        assert pkt.data == ["foo"]
         assert pkt.encode() == '2["foo"]'
 
     def test_decode_empty_event_packet(self):
-        pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet='1')
+        pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet="1")
         assert pkt.packet_type == packet.DISCONNECT
         # same thing, but with a numeric payload
         pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet=1)
         assert pkt.packet_type == packet.DISCONNECT
 
     def test_encode_binary_event_packet(self):
-        pkt = packet.Packet(packet_type=packet.EVENT, data=b'1234')
+        pkt = packet.Packet(packet_type=packet.EVENT, data=b"1234")
         assert pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT
-        assert pkt.data == b'1234'
-        a = ['51-{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}', b'1234']
-        b = ['51-{"num":0,"_placeholder":true}', b'1234']
+        assert pkt.data == b"1234"
+        a = ['51-{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}', b"1234"]
+        b = ['51-{"num":0,"_placeholder":true}', b"1234"]
         encoded_packet = pkt.encode()
         assert encoded_packet == a or encoded_packet == b
 
     def test_decode_binary_event_packet(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet='51-{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}')
-        assert pkt.add_attachment(b'1234')
+        assert pkt.add_attachment(b"1234")
         assert pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT
-        assert pkt.data == b'1234'
+        assert pkt.data == b"1234"
 
     def test_encode_text_ack_packet(self):
-        pkt = packet.Packet(
-            packet_type=packet.ACK, data=['foo']
-        )
+        pkt = packet.Packet(packet_type=packet.ACK, data=["foo"])
         assert pkt.packet_type == packet.ACK
-        assert pkt.data == ['foo']
+        assert pkt.data == ["foo"]
         assert pkt.encode() == '3["foo"]'
 
     def test_decode_text_ack_packet(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet='3["foo"]')
         assert pkt.packet_type == packet.ACK
-        assert pkt.data == ['foo']
+        assert pkt.data == ["foo"]
         assert pkt.encode() == '3["foo"]'
 
     def test_encode_binary_ack_packet(self):
-        pkt = packet.Packet(packet_type=packet.ACK, data=b'1234')
+        pkt = packet.Packet(packet_type=packet.ACK, data=b"1234")
         assert pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_ACK
-        assert pkt.data == b'1234'
-        a = ['61-{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}', b'1234']
-        b = ['61-{"num":0,"_placeholder":true}', b'1234']
+        assert pkt.data == b"1234"
+        a = ['61-{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}', b"1234"]
+        b = ['61-{"num":0,"_placeholder":true}', b"1234"]
         encoded_packet = pkt.encode()
         assert encoded_packet == a or encoded_packet == b
 
     def test_decode_binary_ack_packet(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet='61-{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}')
-        assert pkt.add_attachment(b'1234')
+        assert pkt.add_attachment(b"1234")
         assert pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_ACK
-        assert pkt.data == b'1234'
+        assert pkt.data == b"1234"
 
     def test_invalid_binary_packet(self):
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            packet.Packet(packet_type=packet.CONNECT_ERROR, data=b'123')
+            packet.Packet(packet_type=packet.CONNECT_ERROR, data=b"123")
 
     def test_encode_namespace(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(
             packet_type=packet.EVENT,
-            data=['foo'],
-            namespace='/bar',
+            data=["foo"],
+            namespace="/bar",
         )
-        assert pkt.namespace == '/bar'
+        assert pkt.namespace == "/bar"
         assert pkt.encode() == '2/bar,["foo"]'
 
     def test_decode_namespace(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet='2/bar,["foo"]')
-        assert pkt.namespace == '/bar'
+        assert pkt.namespace == "/bar"
         assert pkt.encode() == '2/bar,["foo"]'
 
     def test_decode_namespace_with_query_string(self):
         # some Socket.IO clients mistakenly attach the query string to the
         # namespace
         pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet='2/bar?a=b,["foo"]')
-        assert pkt.namespace == '/bar'
+        assert pkt.namespace == "/bar"
         assert pkt.encode() == '2/bar,["foo"]'
 
     def test_encode_namespace_no_data(self):
-        pkt = packet.Packet(packet_type=packet.EVENT, namespace='/bar')
-        assert pkt.encode() == '2/bar,'
+        pkt = packet.Packet(packet_type=packet.EVENT, namespace="/bar")
+        assert pkt.encode() == "2/bar,"
 
     def test_decode_namespace_no_data(self):
-        pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet='2/bar,')
-        assert pkt.namespace == '/bar'
+        pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet="2/bar,")
+        assert pkt.namespace == "/bar"
         assert pkt.data is None
-        assert pkt.encode() == '2/bar,'
+        assert pkt.encode() == "2/bar,"
 
     def test_encode_namespace_with_hyphens(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(
             packet_type=packet.EVENT,
-            data=['foo'],
-            namespace='/b-a-r',
+            data=["foo"],
+            namespace="/b-a-r",
         )
-        assert pkt.namespace == '/b-a-r'
+        assert pkt.namespace == "/b-a-r"
         assert pkt.encode() == '2/b-a-r,["foo"]'
 
     def test_decode_namespace_with_hyphens(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet='2/b-a-r,["foo"]')
-        assert pkt.namespace == '/b-a-r'
+        assert pkt.namespace == "/b-a-r"
         assert pkt.encode() == '2/b-a-r,["foo"]'
 
     def test_encode_event_with_hyphens(self):
-        pkt = packet.Packet(
-            packet_type=packet.EVENT, data=['f-o-o']
-        )
+        pkt = packet.Packet(packet_type=packet.EVENT, data=["f-o-o"])
         assert pkt.namespace is None
         assert pkt.encode() == '2["f-o-o"]'
 
@@ -146,9 +140,7 @@ class TestPacket(unittest.TestCase):
         assert pkt.encode() == '2["f-o-o"]'
 
     def test_encode_id(self):
-        pkt = packet.Packet(
-            packet_type=packet.EVENT, data=['foo'], id=123
-        )
+        pkt = packet.Packet(packet_type=packet.EVENT, data=["foo"], id=123)
         assert pkt.id == 123
         assert pkt.encode() == '2123["foo"]'
 
@@ -158,66 +150,66 @@ class TestPacket(unittest.TestCase):
         assert pkt.encode() == '2123["foo"]'
 
     def test_decode_id_long(self):
-        pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet='2' + '1' * 100 + '["foo"]')
-        assert pkt.id == int('1' * 100)
-        assert pkt.data == ['foo']
+        pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet="2" + "1" * 100 + '["foo"]')
+        assert pkt.id == int("1" * 100)
+        assert pkt.data == ["foo"]
 
     def test_decode_id_too_long(self):
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            packet.Packet(encoded_packet='2' + '1' * 101)
+            packet.Packet(encoded_packet="2" + "1" * 101)
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            packet.Packet(encoded_packet='2' + '1' * 101 + '["foo"]')
+            packet.Packet(encoded_packet="2" + "1" * 101 + '["foo"]')
 
     def test_encode_id_no_data(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(packet_type=packet.EVENT, id=123)
         assert pkt.id == 123
         assert pkt.data is None
-        assert pkt.encode() == '2123'
+        assert pkt.encode() == "2123"
 
     def test_decode_id_no_data(self):
-        pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet='2123')
+        pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet="2123")
         assert pkt.id == 123
         assert pkt.data is None
-        assert pkt.encode() == '2123'
+        assert pkt.encode() == "2123"
 
     def test_encode_namespace_and_id(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(
             packet_type=packet.EVENT,
-            data=['foo'],
-            namespace='/bar',
+            data=["foo"],
+            namespace="/bar",
             id=123,
         )
-        assert pkt.namespace == '/bar'
+        assert pkt.namespace == "/bar"
         assert pkt.id == 123
         assert pkt.encode() == '2/bar,123["foo"]'
 
     def test_decode_namespace_and_id(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet='2/bar,123["foo"]')
-        assert pkt.namespace == '/bar'
+        assert pkt.namespace == "/bar"
         assert pkt.id == 123
         assert pkt.encode() == '2/bar,123["foo"]'
 
     def test_encode_many_binary(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(
             packet_type=packet.EVENT,
-            data={'a': '123', 'b': b'456', 'c': [b'789', 123]},
+            data={"a": "123", "b": b"456", "c": [b"789", 123]},
         )
         assert pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT
         ep = pkt.encode()
         assert len(ep) == 3
-        assert b'456' in ep
-        assert b'789' in ep
+        assert b"456" in ep
+        assert b"789" in ep
 
     def test_encode_many_binary_ack(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(
             packet_type=packet.ACK,
-            data={'a': '123', 'b': b'456', 'c': [b'789', 123]},
+            data={"a": "123", "b": b"456", "c": [b"789", 123]},
         )
         assert pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_ACK
         ep = pkt.encode()
         assert len(ep) == 3
-        assert b'456' in ep
-        assert b'789' in ep
+        assert b"456" in ep
+        assert b"789" in ep
 
     def test_decode_many_binary(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(
@@ -226,12 +218,12 @@ class TestPacket(unittest.TestCase):
                 '"c":[{"_placeholder":true,"num":1},123]}'
             )
         )
-        assert not pkt.add_attachment(b'456')
-        assert pkt.add_attachment(b'789')
+        assert not pkt.add_attachment(b"456")
+        assert pkt.add_attachment(b"789")
         assert pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT
-        assert pkt.data['a'] == '123'
-        assert pkt.data['b'] == b'456'
-        assert pkt.data['c'] == [b'789', 123]
+        assert pkt.data["a"] == "123"
+        assert pkt.data["b"] == b"456"
+        assert pkt.data["c"] == [b"789", 123]
 
     def test_decode_many_binary_ack(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(
@@ -240,12 +232,12 @@ class TestPacket(unittest.TestCase):
                 '"c":[{"_placeholder":true,"num":1},123]}'
             )
         )
-        assert not pkt.add_attachment(b'456')
-        assert pkt.add_attachment(b'789')
+        assert not pkt.add_attachment(b"456")
+        assert pkt.add_attachment(b"789")
         assert pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_ACK
-        assert pkt.data['a'] == '123'
-        assert pkt.data['b'] == b'456'
-        assert pkt.data['c'] == [b'789', 123]
+        assert pkt.data["a"] == "123"
+        assert pkt.data["b"] == b"456"
+        assert pkt.data["c"] == [b"789", 123]
 
     def test_decode_too_many_binary_packets(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(
@@ -254,14 +246,14 @@ class TestPacket(unittest.TestCase):
                 '"c":[{"_placeholder":true,"num":1},123]}'
             )
         )
-        assert not pkt.add_attachment(b'456')
-        assert pkt.add_attachment(b'789')
+        assert not pkt.add_attachment(b"456")
+        assert pkt.add_attachment(b"789")
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            pkt.add_attachment(b'123')
+            pkt.add_attachment(b"123")
 
     def test_decode_attachment_count_too_long(self):
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            packet.Packet(encoded_packet='6' + ('1' * 11) + '-{"a":"123"}')
+            packet.Packet(encoded_packet="6" + ("1" * 11) + '-{"a":"123"}')
 
     def test_decode_dash_in_payload(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet(encoded_packet='6{"a":"0123456789-"}')
@@ -270,14 +262,14 @@ class TestPacket(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_data_is_binary_list(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet()
-        assert not pkt._data_is_binary(['foo'])
+        assert not pkt._data_is_binary(["foo"])
         assert not pkt._data_is_binary([])
-        assert pkt._data_is_binary([b'foo'])
-        assert pkt._data_is_binary(['foo', b'bar'])
+        assert pkt._data_is_binary([b"foo"])
+        assert pkt._data_is_binary(["foo", b"bar"])
 
     def test_data_is_binary_dict(self):
         pkt = packet.Packet()
-        assert not pkt._data_is_binary({'a': 'foo'})
+        assert not pkt._data_is_binary({"a": "foo"})
         assert not pkt._data_is_binary({})
-        assert pkt._data_is_binary({'a': b'foo'})
-        assert pkt._data_is_binary({'a': 'foo', 'b': b'bar'})
+        assert pkt._data_is_binary({"a": b"foo"})
+        assert pkt._data_is_binary({"a": "foo", "b": b"bar"})
diff --git a/tests/common/test_pubsub_manager.py b/tests/common/test_pubsub_manager.py
index 4e97214..25e7b0e 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_pubsub_manager.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_pubsub_manager.py
@@ -25,18 +25,16 @@ class TestPubSubManager(unittest.TestCase):
         self.pm = pubsub_manager.PubSubManager()
         self.pm._publish = mock.MagicMock()
         self.pm.set_server(mock_server)
-        self.pm.host_id = '123456'
+        self.pm.host_id = "123456"
         self.pm.initialize()
 
     def test_default_init(self):
-        assert self.pm.channel == 'socketio'
-        self.pm.server.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with(
-            self.pm._thread
-        )
+        assert self.pm.channel == "socketio"
+        self.pm.server.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with(self.pm._thread)
 
     def test_custom_init(self):
-        pubsub = pubsub_manager.PubSubManager(channel='foo')
-        assert pubsub.channel == 'foo'
+        pubsub = pubsub_manager.PubSubManager(channel="foo")
+        assert pubsub.channel == "foo"
         assert len(pubsub.host_id) == 32
 
     def test_write_only_init(self):
@@ -44,190 +42,210 @@ class TestPubSubManager(unittest.TestCase):
         pm = pubsub_manager.PubSubManager(write_only=True)
         pm.set_server(mock_server)
         pm.initialize()
-        assert pm.channel == 'socketio'
+        assert pm.channel == "socketio"
         assert len(pm.host_id) == 32
         assert pm.server.start_background_task.call_count == 0
 
     def test_write_only_default_logger(self):
         pm = pubsub_manager.PubSubManager(write_only=True)
         pm.initialize()
-        assert pm.channel == 'socketio'
+        assert pm.channel == "socketio"
         assert len(pm.host_id) == 32
-        assert pm._get_logger() == logging.getLogger('socketio')
+        assert pm._get_logger() == logging.getLogger("socketio")
 
     def test_write_only_with_provided_logger(self):
-        test_logger = logging.getLogger('new_logger')
+        test_logger = logging.getLogger("new_logger")
         pm = pubsub_manager.PubSubManager(write_only=True, logger=test_logger)
         pm.initialize()
-        assert pm.channel == 'socketio'
+        assert pm.channel == "socketio"
         assert len(pm.host_id) == 32
         assert pm._get_logger() == test_logger
 
     def test_emit(self):
-        self.pm.emit('foo', 'bar')
+        self.pm.emit("foo", "bar")
         self.pm._publish.assert_called_once_with(
             {
-                'method': 'emit',
-                'event': 'foo',
-                'data': 'bar',
-                'namespace': '/',
-                'room': None,
-                'skip_sid': None,
-                'callback': None,
-                'host_id': '123456',
+                "method": "emit",
+                "event": "foo",
+                "data": "bar",
+                "namespace": "/",
+                "room": None,
+                "skip_sid": None,
+                "callback": None,
+                "host_id": "123456",
             }
         )
 
     def test_emit_with_namespace(self):
-        self.pm.emit('foo', 'bar', namespace='/baz')
+        self.pm.emit("foo", "bar", namespace="/baz")
         self.pm._publish.assert_called_once_with(
             {
-                'method': 'emit',
-                'event': 'foo',
-                'data': 'bar',
-                'namespace': '/baz',
-                'room': None,
-                'skip_sid': None,
-                'callback': None,
-                'host_id': '123456',
+                "method": "emit",
+                "event": "foo",
+                "data": "bar",
+                "namespace": "/baz",
+                "room": None,
+                "skip_sid": None,
+                "callback": None,
+                "host_id": "123456",
             }
         )
 
     def test_emit_with_room(self):
-        self.pm.emit('foo', 'bar', room='baz')
+        self.pm.emit("foo", "bar", room="baz")
         self.pm._publish.assert_called_once_with(
             {
-                'method': 'emit',
-                'event': 'foo',
-                'data': 'bar',
-                'namespace': '/',
-                'room': 'baz',
-                'skip_sid': None,
-                'callback': None,
-                'host_id': '123456',
+                "method": "emit",
+                "event": "foo",
+                "data": "bar",
+                "namespace": "/",
+                "room": "baz",
+                "skip_sid": None,
+                "callback": None,
+                "host_id": "123456",
             }
         )
 
     def test_emit_with_skip_sid(self):
-        self.pm.emit('foo', 'bar', skip_sid='baz')
+        self.pm.emit("foo", "bar", skip_sid="baz")
         self.pm._publish.assert_called_once_with(
             {
-                'method': 'emit',
-                'event': 'foo',
-                'data': 'bar',
-                'namespace': '/',
-                'room': None,
-                'skip_sid': 'baz',
-                'callback': None,
-                'host_id': '123456',
+                "method": "emit",
+                "event": "foo",
+                "data": "bar",
+                "namespace": "/",
+                "room": None,
+                "skip_sid": "baz",
+                "callback": None,
+                "host_id": "123456",
             }
         )
 
     def test_emit_with_callback(self):
-        with mock.patch.object(
-            self.pm, '_generate_ack_id', return_value='123'
-        ):
-            self.pm.emit('foo', 'bar', room='baz', callback='cb')
+        with mock.patch.object(self.pm, "_generate_ack_id", return_value="123"):
+            self.pm.emit("foo", "bar", room="baz", callback="cb")
             self.pm._publish.assert_called_once_with(
                 {
-                    'method': 'emit',
-                    'event': 'foo',
-                    'data': 'bar',
-                    'namespace': '/',
-                    'room': 'baz',
-                    'skip_sid': None,
-                    'callback': ('baz', '/', '123'),
-                    'host_id': '123456',
+                    "method": "emit",
+                    "event": "foo",
+                    "data": "bar",
+                    "namespace": "/",
+                    "room": "baz",
+                    "skip_sid": None,
+                    "callback": ("baz", "/", "123"),
+                    "host_id": "123456",
                 }
             )
 
     def test_emit_with_callback_without_server(self):
         standalone_pm = pubsub_manager.PubSubManager()
         with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
-            standalone_pm.emit('foo', 'bar', callback='cb')
+            standalone_pm.emit("foo", "bar", callback="cb")
 
     def test_emit_with_callback_missing_room(self):
-        with mock.patch.object(
-            self.pm, '_generate_ack_id', return_value='123'
-        ):
+        with mock.patch.object(self.pm, "_generate_ack_id", return_value="123"):
             with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                self.pm.emit('foo', 'bar', callback='cb')
+                self.pm.emit("foo", "bar", callback="cb")
 
     def test_emit_with_ignore_queue(self):
-        sid = self.pm.connect('123', '/')
-        self.pm.emit(
-            'foo', 'bar', room=sid, namespace='/', ignore_queue=True
-        )
+        sid = self.pm.connect("123", "/")
+        self.pm.emit("foo", "bar", room=sid, namespace="/", ignore_queue=True)
         self.pm._publish.assert_not_called()
         assert self.pm.server._send_eio_packet.call_count == 1
-        assert self.pm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == '123'
+        assert self.pm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = self.pm.server._send_eio_packet.call_args_list[0][0][1]
         assert pkt.encode() == '42["foo","bar"]'
 
     def test_can_disconnect(self):
-        sid = self.pm.connect('123', '/')
-        assert self.pm.can_disconnect(sid, '/')
-        self.pm.can_disconnect(sid, '/foo')
+        sid = self.pm.connect("123", "/")
+        assert self.pm.can_disconnect(sid, "/")
+        self.pm.can_disconnect(sid, "/foo")
         self.pm._publish.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': sid, 'namespace': '/foo',
-             'host_id': '123456'}
+            {
+                "method": "disconnect",
+                "sid": sid,
+                "namespace": "/foo",
+                "host_id": "123456",
+            }
         )
 
     def test_disconnect(self):
-        self.pm.disconnect('foo')
+        self.pm.disconnect("foo")
         self.pm._publish.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': 'foo', 'namespace': '/',
-             'host_id': '123456'}
+            {
+                "method": "disconnect",
+                "sid": "foo",
+                "namespace": "/",
+                "host_id": "123456",
+            }
         )
 
     def test_disconnect_ignore_queue(self):
-        sid = self.pm.connect('123', '/')
-        self.pm.pre_disconnect(sid, '/')
+        sid = self.pm.connect("123", "/")
+        self.pm.pre_disconnect(sid, "/")
         self.pm.disconnect(sid, ignore_queue=True)
         self.pm._publish.assert_not_called()
-        assert not self.pm.is_connected(sid, '/')
+        assert not self.pm.is_connected(sid, "/")
 
     def test_enter_room(self):
-        sid = self.pm.connect('123', '/')
-        self.pm.enter_room(sid, '/', 'foo')
-        self.pm.enter_room('456', '/', 'foo')
-        assert sid in self.pm.rooms['/']['foo']
-        assert self.pm.rooms['/']['foo'][sid] == '123'
+        sid = self.pm.connect("123", "/")
+        self.pm.enter_room(sid, "/", "foo")
+        self.pm.enter_room("456", "/", "foo")
+        assert sid in self.pm.rooms["/"]["foo"]
+        assert self.pm.rooms["/"]["foo"][sid] == "123"
         self.pm._publish.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'enter_room', 'sid': '456', 'room': 'foo',
-             'namespace': '/', 'host_id': '123456'}
+            {
+                "method": "enter_room",
+                "sid": "456",
+                "room": "foo",
+                "namespace": "/",
+                "host_id": "123456",
+            }
         )
 
     def test_leave_room(self):
-        sid = self.pm.connect('123', '/')
-        self.pm.leave_room(sid, '/', 'foo')
-        self.pm.leave_room('456', '/', 'foo')
-        assert 'foo' not in self.pm.rooms['/']
+        sid = self.pm.connect("123", "/")
+        self.pm.leave_room(sid, "/", "foo")
+        self.pm.leave_room("456", "/", "foo")
+        assert "foo" not in self.pm.rooms["/"]
         self.pm._publish.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'leave_room', 'sid': '456', 'room': 'foo',
-             'namespace': '/', 'host_id': '123456'}
+            {
+                "method": "leave_room",
+                "sid": "456",
+                "room": "foo",
+                "namespace": "/",
+                "host_id": "123456",
+            }
         )
 
     def test_close_room(self):
-        self.pm.close_room('foo')
+        self.pm.close_room("foo")
         self.pm._publish.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'close_room', 'room': 'foo', 'namespace': '/',
-             'host_id': '123456'}
+            {
+                "method": "close_room",
+                "room": "foo",
+                "namespace": "/",
+                "host_id": "123456",
+            }
         )
 
     def test_close_room_with_namespace(self):
-        self.pm.close_room('foo', '/bar')
+        self.pm.close_room("foo", "/bar")
         self.pm._publish.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'close_room', 'room': 'foo', 'namespace': '/bar',
-             'host_id': '123456'}
+            {
+                "method": "close_room",
+                "room": "foo",
+                "namespace": "/bar",
+                "host_id": "123456",
+            }
         )
 
     def test_handle_emit(self):
-        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, 'emit') as super_emit:
-            self.pm._handle_emit({'event': 'foo', 'data': 'bar'})
+        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, "emit") as super_emit:
+            self.pm._handle_emit({"event": "foo", "data": "bar"})
             super_emit.assert_called_once_with(
-                'foo',
-                'bar',
+                "foo",
+                "bar",
                 namespace=None,
                 room=None,
                 skip_sid=None,
@@ -235,210 +253,186 @@ class TestPubSubManager(unittest.TestCase):
             )
 
     def test_handle_emit_with_namespace(self):
-        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, 'emit') as super_emit:
-            self.pm._handle_emit(
-                {'event': 'foo', 'data': 'bar', 'namespace': '/baz'}
-            )
+        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, "emit") as super_emit:
+            self.pm._handle_emit({"event": "foo", "data": "bar", "namespace": "/baz"})
             super_emit.assert_called_once_with(
-                'foo',
-                'bar',
-                namespace='/baz',
+                "foo",
+                "bar",
+                namespace="/baz",
                 room=None,
                 skip_sid=None,
                 callback=None,
             )
 
     def test_handle_emit_with_room(self):
-        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, 'emit') as super_emit:
-            self.pm._handle_emit(
-                {'event': 'foo', 'data': 'bar', 'room': 'baz'}
-            )
+        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, "emit") as super_emit:
+            self.pm._handle_emit({"event": "foo", "data": "bar", "room": "baz"})
             super_emit.assert_called_once_with(
-                'foo',
-                'bar',
+                "foo",
+                "bar",
                 namespace=None,
-                room='baz',
+                room="baz",
                 skip_sid=None,
                 callback=None,
             )
 
     def test_handle_emit_with_skip_sid(self):
-        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, 'emit') as super_emit:
-            self.pm._handle_emit(
-                {'event': 'foo', 'data': 'bar', 'skip_sid': '123'}
-            )
+        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, "emit") as super_emit:
+            self.pm._handle_emit({"event": "foo", "data": "bar", "skip_sid": "123"})
             super_emit.assert_called_once_with(
-                'foo',
-                'bar',
+                "foo",
+                "bar",
                 namespace=None,
                 room=None,
-                skip_sid='123',
+                skip_sid="123",
                 callback=None,
             )
 
     def test_handle_emit_with_remote_callback(self):
-        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, 'emit') as super_emit:
+        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, "emit") as super_emit:
             self.pm._handle_emit(
                 {
-                    'event': 'foo',
-                    'data': 'bar',
-                    'namespace': '/baz',
-                    'callback': ('sid', '/baz', 123),
-                    'host_id': 'x',
+                    "event": "foo",
+                    "data": "bar",
+                    "namespace": "/baz",
+                    "callback": ("sid", "/baz", 123),
+                    "host_id": "x",
                 }
             )
             assert super_emit.call_count == 1
-            assert super_emit.call_args[0] == ('foo', 'bar')
-            assert super_emit.call_args[1]['namespace'] == '/baz'
-            assert super_emit.call_args[1]['room'] is None
-            assert super_emit.call_args[1]['skip_sid'] is None
-            assert isinstance(
-                super_emit.call_args[1]['callback'], functools.partial
-            )
-            super_emit.call_args[1]['callback']('one', 2, 'three')
+            assert super_emit.call_args[0] == ("foo", "bar")
+            assert super_emit.call_args[1]["namespace"] == "/baz"
+            assert super_emit.call_args[1]["room"] is None
+            assert super_emit.call_args[1]["skip_sid"] is None
+            assert isinstance(super_emit.call_args[1]["callback"], functools.partial)
+            super_emit.call_args[1]["callback"]("one", 2, "three")
             self.pm._publish.assert_called_once_with(
                 {
-                    'method': 'callback',
-                    'host_id': 'x',
-                    'sid': 'sid',
-                    'namespace': '/baz',
-                    'id': 123,
-                    'args': ('one', 2, 'three'),
+                    "method": "callback",
+                    "host_id": "x",
+                    "sid": "sid",
+                    "namespace": "/baz",
+                    "id": 123,
+                    "args": ("one", 2, "three"),
                 }
             )
 
     def test_handle_emit_with_local_callback(self):
-        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, 'emit') as super_emit:
+        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, "emit") as super_emit:
             self.pm._handle_emit(
                 {
-                    'event': 'foo',
-                    'data': 'bar',
-                    'namespace': '/baz',
-                    'callback': ('sid', '/baz', 123),
-                    'host_id': self.pm.host_id,
+                    "event": "foo",
+                    "data": "bar",
+                    "namespace": "/baz",
+                    "callback": ("sid", "/baz", 123),
+                    "host_id": self.pm.host_id,
                 }
             )
             assert super_emit.call_count == 1
-            assert super_emit.call_args[0] == ('foo', 'bar')
-            assert super_emit.call_args[1]['namespace'] == '/baz'
-            assert super_emit.call_args[1]['room'] is None
-            assert super_emit.call_args[1]['skip_sid'] is None
-            assert isinstance(
-                super_emit.call_args[1]['callback'], functools.partial
-            )
-            super_emit.call_args[1]['callback']('one', 2, 'three')
+            assert super_emit.call_args[0] == ("foo", "bar")
+            assert super_emit.call_args[1]["namespace"] == "/baz"
+            assert super_emit.call_args[1]["room"] is None
+            assert super_emit.call_args[1]["skip_sid"] is None
+            assert isinstance(super_emit.call_args[1]["callback"], functools.partial)
+            super_emit.call_args[1]["callback"]("one", 2, "three")
             self.pm._publish.assert_not_called()
 
     def test_handle_callback(self):
         host_id = self.pm.host_id
-        with mock.patch.object(self.pm, 'trigger_callback') as trigger:
+        with mock.patch.object(self.pm, "trigger_callback") as trigger:
             self.pm._handle_callback(
                 {
-                    'method': 'callback',
-                    'host_id': host_id,
-                    'sid': 'sid',
-                    'namespace': '/',
-                    'id': 123,
-                    'args': ('one', 2),
+                    "method": "callback",
+                    "host_id": host_id,
+                    "sid": "sid",
+                    "namespace": "/",
+                    "id": 123,
+                    "args": ("one", 2),
                 }
             )
-            trigger.assert_called_once_with('sid', 123, ('one', 2))
+            trigger.assert_called_once_with("sid", 123, ("one", 2))
 
     def test_handle_callback_bad_host_id(self):
-        with mock.patch.object(self.pm, 'trigger_callback') as trigger:
+        with mock.patch.object(self.pm, "trigger_callback") as trigger:
             self.pm._handle_callback(
                 {
-                    'method': 'callback',
-                    'host_id': 'bad',
-                    'sid': 'sid',
-                    'namespace': '/',
-                    'id': 123,
-                    'args': ('one', 2),
+                    "method": "callback",
+                    "host_id": "bad",
+                    "sid": "sid",
+                    "namespace": "/",
+                    "id": 123,
+                    "args": ("one", 2),
                 }
             )
             assert trigger.call_count == 0
 
     def test_handle_callback_missing_args(self):
         host_id = self.pm.host_id
-        with mock.patch.object(self.pm, 'trigger_callback') as trigger:
+        with mock.patch.object(self.pm, "trigger_callback") as trigger:
             self.pm._handle_callback(
                 {
-                    'method': 'callback',
-                    'host_id': host_id,
-                    'sid': 'sid',
-                    'namespace': '/',
-                    'id': 123,
+                    "method": "callback",
+                    "host_id": host_id,
+                    "sid": "sid",
+                    "namespace": "/",
+                    "id": 123,
                 }
             )
             self.pm._handle_callback(
                 {
-                    'method': 'callback',
-                    'host_id': host_id,
-                    'sid': 'sid',
-                    'namespace': '/',
+                    "method": "callback",
+                    "host_id": host_id,
+                    "sid": "sid",
+                    "namespace": "/",
                 }
             )
             self.pm._handle_callback(
-                {'method': 'callback', 'host_id': host_id, 'sid': 'sid'}
-            )
-            self.pm._handle_callback(
-                {'method': 'callback', 'host_id': host_id}
+                {"method": "callback", "host_id": host_id, "sid": "sid"}
             )
+            self.pm._handle_callback({"method": "callback", "host_id": host_id})
             assert trigger.call_count == 0
 
     def test_handle_disconnect(self):
         self.pm._handle_disconnect(
-            {'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo'}
+            {"method": "disconnect", "sid": "123", "namespace": "/foo"}
         )
         self.pm.server.disconnect.assert_called_once_with(
-            sid='123', namespace='/foo', ignore_queue=True
+            sid="123", namespace="/foo", ignore_queue=True
         )
 
     def test_handle_enter_room(self):
-        sid = self.pm.connect('123', '/')
-        with mock.patch.object(
-            manager.Manager, 'enter_room'
-        ) as super_enter_room:
-            self.pm._handle_enter_room({
-                'method': 'enter_room', 'sid': sid, 'namespace': '/',
-                'room': 'foo'})
-            self.pm._handle_enter_room({
-                'method': 'enter_room', 'sid': '456', 'namespace': '/',
-                'room': 'foo'})
-            super_enter_room.assert_called_once_with(sid, '/', 'foo')
+        sid = self.pm.connect("123", "/")
+        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, "enter_room") as super_enter_room:
+            self.pm._handle_enter_room(
+                {"method": "enter_room", "sid": sid, "namespace": "/", "room": "foo"}
+            )
+            self.pm._handle_enter_room(
+                {"method": "enter_room", "sid": "456", "namespace": "/", "room": "foo"}
+            )
+            super_enter_room.assert_called_once_with(sid, "/", "foo")
 
     def test_handle_leave_room(self):
-        sid = self.pm.connect('123', '/')
-        with mock.patch.object(
-            manager.Manager, 'leave_room'
-        ) as super_leave_room:
-            self.pm._handle_leave_room({
-                'method': 'leave_room', 'sid': sid, 'namespace': '/',
-                'room': 'foo'})
-            self.pm._handle_leave_room({
-                'method': 'leave_room', 'sid': '456', 'namespace': '/',
-                'room': 'foo'})
-            super_leave_room.assert_called_once_with(sid, '/', 'foo')
+        sid = self.pm.connect("123", "/")
+        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, "leave_room") as super_leave_room:
+            self.pm._handle_leave_room(
+                {"method": "leave_room", "sid": sid, "namespace": "/", "room": "foo"}
+            )
+            self.pm._handle_leave_room(
+                {"method": "leave_room", "sid": "456", "namespace": "/", "room": "foo"}
+            )
+            super_leave_room.assert_called_once_with(sid, "/", "foo")
 
     def test_handle_close_room(self):
-        with mock.patch.object(
-            manager.Manager, 'close_room'
-        ) as super_close_room:
-            self.pm._handle_close_room({'method': 'close_room', 'room': 'foo'})
-            super_close_room.assert_called_once_with(
-                room='foo', namespace=None
-            )
+        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, "close_room") as super_close_room:
+            self.pm._handle_close_room({"method": "close_room", "room": "foo"})
+            super_close_room.assert_called_once_with(room="foo", namespace=None)
 
     def test_handle_close_room_with_namespace(self):
-        with mock.patch.object(
-            manager.Manager, 'close_room'
-        ) as super_close_room:
+        with mock.patch.object(manager.Manager, "close_room") as super_close_room:
             self.pm._handle_close_room(
-                {'method': 'close_room', 'room': 'foo', 'namespace': '/bar'}
-            )
-            super_close_room.assert_called_once_with(
-                room='foo', namespace='/bar'
+                {"method": "close_room", "room": "foo", "namespace": "/bar"}
             )
+            super_close_room.assert_called_once_with(room="foo", namespace="/bar")
 
     def test_background_thread(self):
         self.pm._handle_emit = mock.MagicMock()
@@ -452,29 +446,47 @@ class TestPubSubManager(unittest.TestCase):
         def messages():
             import pickle
 
-            yield {'method': 'emit', 'value': 'foo', 'host_id': 'x'}
-            yield {'missing': 'method', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            yield {"method": "emit", "value": "foo", "host_id": "x"}
+            yield {"missing": "method", "host_id": "x"}
             yield '{"method": "callback", "value": "bar", "host_id": "x"}'
-            yield {'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo',
-                   'host_id': 'x'}
-            yield {'method': 'bogus', 'host_id': 'x'}
-            yield pickle.dumps({'method': 'close_room', 'value': 'baz',
-                                'host_id': 'x'})
-            yield {'method': 'enter_room', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo',
-                   'room': 'room', 'host_id': 'x'}
-            yield {'method': 'leave_room', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo',
-                   'room': 'room', 'host_id': 'x'}
-            yield 'bad json'
-            yield b'bad pickled'
+            yield {
+                "method": "disconnect",
+                "sid": "123",
+                "namespace": "/foo",
+                "host_id": "x",
+            }
+            yield {"method": "bogus", "host_id": "x"}
+            yield pickle.dumps({"method": "close_room", "value": "baz", "host_id": "x"})
+            yield {
+                "method": "enter_room",
+                "sid": "123",
+                "namespace": "/foo",
+                "room": "room",
+                "host_id": "x",
+            }
+            yield {
+                "method": "leave_room",
+                "sid": "123",
+                "namespace": "/foo",
+                "room": "room",
+                "host_id": "x",
+            }
+            yield "bad json"
+            yield b"bad pickled"
 
             # these should not publish anything on the queue, as they come from
             # the same host
-            yield {'method': 'emit', 'value': 'foo', 'host_id': host_id}
-            yield {'method': 'callback', 'value': 'bar', 'host_id': host_id}
-            yield {'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo',
-                   'host_id': host_id}
-            yield pickle.dumps({'method': 'close_room', 'value': 'baz',
-                                'host_id': host_id})
+            yield {"method": "emit", "value": "foo", "host_id": host_id}
+            yield {"method": "callback", "value": "bar", "host_id": host_id}
+            yield {
+                "method": "disconnect",
+                "sid": "123",
+                "namespace": "/foo",
+                "host_id": host_id,
+            }
+            yield pickle.dumps(
+                {"method": "close_room", "value": "baz", "host_id": host_id}
+            )
 
         self.pm._listen = mock.MagicMock(side_effect=messages)
         try:
@@ -483,36 +495,45 @@ class TestPubSubManager(unittest.TestCase):
             pass
 
         self.pm._handle_emit.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'emit', 'value': 'foo', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            {"method": "emit", "value": "foo", "host_id": "x"}
         )
         self.pm._handle_callback.assert_any_call(
-            {'method': 'callback', 'value': 'bar', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            {"method": "callback", "value": "bar", "host_id": "x"}
         )
         self.pm._handle_callback.assert_any_call(
-            {'method': 'callback', 'value': 'bar', 'host_id': host_id}
+            {"method": "callback", "value": "bar", "host_id": host_id}
         )
         self.pm._handle_disconnect.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'disconnect', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo',
-             'host_id': 'x'}
+            {"method": "disconnect", "sid": "123", "namespace": "/foo", "host_id": "x"}
         )
         self.pm._handle_enter_room.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'enter_room', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo',
-             'room': 'room', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            {
+                "method": "enter_room",
+                "sid": "123",
+                "namespace": "/foo",
+                "room": "room",
+                "host_id": "x",
+            }
         )
         self.pm._handle_leave_room.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'leave_room', 'sid': '123', 'namespace': '/foo',
-             'room': 'room', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            {
+                "method": "leave_room",
+                "sid": "123",
+                "namespace": "/foo",
+                "room": "room",
+                "host_id": "x",
+            }
         )
         self.pm._handle_close_room.assert_called_once_with(
-            {'method': 'close_room', 'value': 'baz', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            {"method": "close_room", "value": "baz", "host_id": "x"}
         )
 
     def test_background_thread_exception(self):
         self.pm._handle_emit = mock.MagicMock(side_effect=[ValueError(), None])
 
         def messages():
-            yield {'method': 'emit', 'value': 'foo', 'host_id': 'x'}
-            yield {'method': 'emit', 'value': 'bar', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            yield {"method": "emit", "value": "foo", "host_id": "x"}
+            yield {"method": "emit", "value": "bar", "host_id": "x"}
 
         self.pm._listen = mock.MagicMock(side_effect=messages)
         try:
@@ -521,8 +542,8 @@ class TestPubSubManager(unittest.TestCase):
             pass
 
         self.pm._handle_emit.assert_any_call(
-            {'method': 'emit', 'value': 'foo', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            {"method": "emit", "value": "foo", "host_id": "x"}
         )
         self.pm._handle_emit.assert_called_with(
-            {'method': 'emit', 'value': 'bar', 'host_id': 'x'}
+            {"method": "emit", "value": "bar", "host_id": "x"}
         )
diff --git a/tests/common/test_server.py b/tests/common/test_server.py
index 08c59ac..d7d6cf3 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_server.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_server.py
@@ -13,8 +13,10 @@ from socketio import packet
 from socketio import server
 
 
-@mock.patch('socketio.server.engineio.Server', **{
-    'return_value.generate_id.side_effect': [str(i) for i in range(1, 10)]})
+@mock.patch(
+    "socketio.server.engineio.Server",
+    **{"return_value.generate_id.side_effect": [str(i) for i in range(1, 10)]},
+)
 class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
     def tearDown(self):
         # restore JSON encoder, in case a test changed it
@@ -22,12 +24,10 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_create(self, eio):
         mgr = mock.MagicMock()
-        s = server.Server(
-            client_manager=mgr, async_handlers=True, foo='bar'
-        )
+        s = server.Server(client_manager=mgr, async_handlers=True, foo="bar")
         s.handle_request({}, None)
         s.handle_request({}, None)
-        eio.assert_called_once_with(**{'foo': 'bar', 'async_handlers': False})
+        eio.assert_called_once_with(**{"foo": "bar", "async_handlers": False})
         assert s.manager == mgr
         assert s.eio.on.call_count == 3
         assert s.async_handlers
@@ -36,19 +36,19 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_on_event(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
 
-        @s.on('connect')
+        @s.on("connect")
         def foo():
             pass
 
         def bar():
             pass
 
-        s.on('disconnect', bar)
-        s.on('disconnect', bar, namespace='/foo')
+        s.on("disconnect", bar)
+        s.on("disconnect", bar, namespace="/foo")
 
-        assert s.handlers['/']['connect'] == foo
-        assert s.handlers['/']['disconnect'] == bar
-        assert s.handlers['/foo']['disconnect'] == bar
+        assert s.handlers["/"]["connect"] == foo
+        assert s.handlers["/"]["disconnect"] == bar
+        assert s.handlers["/foo"]["disconnect"] == bar
 
     def test_event(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
@@ -65,51 +65,51 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
         def bar():
             pass
 
-        @s.event(namespace='/foo')
+        @s.event(namespace="/foo")
         def disconnect():
             pass
 
-        assert s.handlers['/']['connect'] == connect
-        assert s.handlers['/']['foo'] == foo
-        assert s.handlers['/']['bar'] == bar
-        assert s.handlers['/foo']['disconnect'] == disconnect
+        assert s.handlers["/"]["connect"] == connect
+        assert s.handlers["/"]["foo"] == foo
+        assert s.handlers["/"]["bar"] == bar
+        assert s.handlers["/foo"]["disconnect"] == disconnect
 
     def test_emit(self, eio):
         mgr = mock.MagicMock()
         s = server.Server(client_manager=mgr)
         s.emit(
-            'my event',
-            {'foo': 'bar'},
-            to='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            namespace='/foo',
-            callback='cb',
+            "my event",
+            {"foo": "bar"},
+            to="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            namespace="/foo",
+            callback="cb",
         )
         s.manager.emit.assert_called_once_with(
-            'my event',
-            {'foo': 'bar'},
-            '/foo',
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            callback='cb',
+            "my event",
+            {"foo": "bar"},
+            "/foo",
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=False,
         )
         s.emit(
-            'my event',
-            {'foo': 'bar'},
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            namespace='/foo',
-            callback='cb',
+            "my event",
+            {"foo": "bar"},
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            namespace="/foo",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
         s.manager.emit.assert_called_with(
-            'my event',
-            {'foo': 'bar'},
-            '/foo',
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            callback='cb',
+            "my event",
+            {"foo": "bar"},
+            "/foo",
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
 
@@ -117,68 +117,67 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
         mgr = mock.MagicMock()
         s = server.Server(client_manager=mgr)
         s.emit(
-            'my event',
-            {'foo': 'bar'},
-            to='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            callback='cb',
+            "my event",
+            {"foo": "bar"},
+            to="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            callback="cb",
         )
         s.manager.emit.assert_called_once_with(
-            'my event',
-            {'foo': 'bar'},
-            '/',
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            callback='cb',
+            "my event",
+            {"foo": "bar"},
+            "/",
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=False,
         )
         s.emit(
-            'my event',
-            {'foo': 'bar'},
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            callback='cb',
+            "my event",
+            {"foo": "bar"},
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
         s.manager.emit.assert_called_with(
-            'my event',
-            {'foo': 'bar'},
-            '/',
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            callback='cb',
+            "my event",
+            {"foo": "bar"},
+            "/",
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
 
     def test_send(self, eio):
         mgr = mock.MagicMock()
         s = server.Server(client_manager=mgr)
-        s.send(
-            'foo', to='room', skip_sid='123', namespace='/foo', callback='cb'
-        )
+        s.send("foo", to="room", skip_sid="123", namespace="/foo", callback="cb")
         s.manager.emit.assert_called_once_with(
-            'message',
-            'foo',
-            '/foo',
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            callback='cb',
+            "message",
+            "foo",
+            "/foo",
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=False,
         )
         s.send(
-            'foo', room='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            namespace='/foo',
-            callback='cb',
+            "foo",
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            namespace="/foo",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
         s.manager.emit.assert_called_with(
-            'message',
-            'foo',
-            '/foo',
-            room='room',
-            skip_sid='123',
-            callback='cb',
+            "message",
+            "foo",
+            "/foo",
+            room="room",
+            skip_sid="123",
+            callback="cb",
             ignore_queue=True,
         )
 
@@ -188,11 +187,11 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
 
         def fake_event_wait(timeout=None):
             assert timeout == 60
-            s.manager.emit.call_args_list[0][1]['callback']('foo', 321)
+            s.manager.emit.call_args_list[0][1]["callback"]("foo", 321)
             return True
 
         s.eio.create_event.return_value.wait = fake_event_wait
-        assert s.call('foo', sid='123') == ('foo', 321)
+        assert s.call("foo", sid="123") == ("foo", 321)
 
     def test_call_with_timeout(self, eio):
         mgr = mock.MagicMock()
@@ -204,582 +203,574 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
 
         s.eio.create_event.return_value.wait = fake_event_wait
         with pytest.raises(exceptions.TimeoutError):
-            s.call('foo', sid='123', timeout=12)
+            s.call("foo", sid="123", timeout=12)
 
     def test_call_with_broadcast(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            s.call('foo')
+            s.call("foo")
 
     def test_call_without_async_handlers(self, eio):
         mgr = mock.MagicMock()
         s = server.Server(client_manager=mgr, async_handlers=False)
         with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
-            s.call('foo', sid='123', timeout=12)
+            s.call("foo", sid="123", timeout=12)
 
     def test_enter_room(self, eio):
         mgr = mock.MagicMock()
         s = server.Server(client_manager=mgr)
-        s.enter_room('123', 'room', namespace='/foo')
-        s.manager.enter_room.assert_called_once_with('123', '/foo', 'room')
+        s.enter_room("123", "room", namespace="/foo")
+        s.manager.enter_room.assert_called_once_with("123", "/foo", "room")
 
     def test_enter_room_default_namespace(self, eio):
         mgr = mock.MagicMock()
         s = server.Server(client_manager=mgr)
-        s.enter_room('123', 'room')
-        s.manager.enter_room.assert_called_once_with('123', '/', 'room')
+        s.enter_room("123", "room")
+        s.manager.enter_room.assert_called_once_with("123", "/", "room")
 
     def test_leave_room(self, eio):
         mgr = mock.MagicMock()
         s = server.Server(client_manager=mgr)
-        s.leave_room('123', 'room', namespace='/foo')
-        s.manager.leave_room.assert_called_once_with('123', '/foo', 'room')
+        s.leave_room("123", "room", namespace="/foo")
+        s.manager.leave_room.assert_called_once_with("123", "/foo", "room")
 
     def test_leave_room_default_namespace(self, eio):
         mgr = mock.MagicMock()
         s = server.Server(client_manager=mgr)
-        s.leave_room('123', 'room')
-        s.manager.leave_room.assert_called_once_with('123', '/', 'room')
+        s.leave_room("123", "room")
+        s.manager.leave_room.assert_called_once_with("123", "/", "room")
 
     def test_close_room(self, eio):
         mgr = mock.MagicMock()
         s = server.Server(client_manager=mgr)
-        s.close_room('room', namespace='/foo')
-        s.manager.close_room.assert_called_once_with('room', '/foo')
+        s.close_room("room", namespace="/foo")
+        s.manager.close_room.assert_called_once_with("room", "/foo")
 
     def test_close_room_default_namespace(self, eio):
         mgr = mock.MagicMock()
         s = server.Server(client_manager=mgr)
-        s.close_room('room')
-        s.manager.close_room.assert_called_once_with('room', '/')
+        s.close_room("room")
+        s.manager.close_room.assert_called_once_with("room", "/")
 
     def test_rooms(self, eio):
         mgr = mock.MagicMock()
         s = server.Server(client_manager=mgr)
-        s.rooms('123', namespace='/foo')
-        s.manager.get_rooms.assert_called_once_with('123', '/foo')
+        s.rooms("123", namespace="/foo")
+        s.manager.get_rooms.assert_called_once_with("123", "/foo")
 
     def test_rooms_default_namespace(self, eio):
         mgr = mock.MagicMock()
         s = server.Server(client_manager=mgr)
-        s.rooms('123')
-        s.manager.get_rooms.assert_called_once_with('123', '/')
+        s.rooms("123")
+        s.manager.get_rooms.assert_called_once_with("123", "/")
 
     def test_handle_request(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        s.handle_request('environ', 'start_response')
-        s.eio.handle_request.assert_called_once_with(
-            'environ', 'start_response'
-        )
+        s.handle_request("environ", "start_response")
+        s.eio.handle_request.assert_called_once_with("environ", "start_response")
 
     def test_send_packet(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        s._send_packet('123', packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, ['my event', 'my data'], namespace='/foo'))
-        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with(
-            '123', '2/foo,["my event","my data"]'
+        s._send_packet(
+            "123",
+            packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, ["my event", "my data"], namespace="/foo"),
         )
+        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with("123", '2/foo,["my event","my data"]')
 
     def test_send_eio_packet(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        s._send_eio_packet('123', eio_packet.Packet(
-            eio_packet.MESSAGE, 'hello'))
+        s._send_eio_packet("123", eio_packet.Packet(eio_packet.MESSAGE, "hello"))
         assert s.eio.send_packet.call_count == 1
-        assert s.eio.send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == '123'
+        assert s.eio.send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][0] == "123"
         pkt = s.eio.send_packet.call_args_list[0][0][1]
-        assert pkt.encode() == '4hello'
+        assert pkt.encode() == "4hello"
 
     def test_transport(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        s.eio.transport = mock.MagicMock(return_value='polling')
-        s._handle_eio_connect('foo', 'environ')
-        assert s.transport('foo') == 'polling'
-        s.eio.transport.assert_called_once_with('foo')
+        s.eio.transport = mock.MagicMock(return_value="polling")
+        s._handle_eio_connect("foo", "environ")
+        assert s.transport("foo") == "polling"
+        s.eio.transport.assert_called_once_with("foo")
 
     def test_handle_connect(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         s.manager.initialize = mock.MagicMock()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with('123', '0{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with("123", '0{"sid":"1"}')
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
-        s._handle_eio_connect('456', 'environ')
+        s._handle_eio_connect("456", "environ")
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
 
     def test_handle_connect_with_auth(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         s.manager.initialize = mock.MagicMock()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0{"token":"abc"}')
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.assert_called_with('1', 'environ', {'token': 'abc'})
-        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with('123', '0{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '0{"token":"abc"}')
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.assert_called_with("1", "environ", {"token": "abc"})
+        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with("123", '0{"sid":"1"}')
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
-        s._handle_eio_connect('456', 'environ')
+        s._handle_eio_connect("456", "environ")
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
 
     def test_handle_connect_with_auth_none(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         s.manager.initialize = mock.MagicMock()
         handler = mock.MagicMock(side_effect=[TypeError, None])
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.assert_called_with('1', 'environ', None)
-        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with('123', '0{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.assert_called_with("1", "environ", None)
+        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with("123", '0{"sid":"1"}')
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
-        s._handle_eio_connect('456', 'environ')
+        s._handle_eio_connect("456", "environ")
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
 
     def test_handle_connect_with_default_implied_namespaces(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('2', '/foo')
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("2", "/foo")
 
     def test_handle_connect_with_implied_namespaces(self, eio):
-        s = server.Server(namespaces=['/foo'])
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
+        s = server.Server(namespaces=["/foo"])
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
 
     def test_handle_connect_with_all_implied_namespaces(self, eio):
-        s = server.Server(namespaces='*')
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('2', '/foo')
+        s = server.Server(namespaces="*")
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("2", "/foo")
 
     def test_handle_connect_namespace(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('connect', handler, namespace='/foo')
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with('123', '0/foo,{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.on("connect", handler, namespace="/foo")
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with("123", '0/foo,{"sid":"1"}')
 
     def test_handle_connect_namespace_twice(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('connect', handler, namespace='/foo')
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        s.eio.send.assert_any_call('123', '0/foo,{"sid":"1"}')
-        s.eio.send.assert_any_call('123', '4/foo,"Unable to connect"')
+        s.on("connect", handler, namespace="/foo")
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        s.eio.send.assert_any_call("123", '0/foo,{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.eio.send.assert_any_call("123", '4/foo,"Unable to connect"')
 
     def test_handle_connect_always_connect(self, eio):
         s = server.Server(always_connect=True)
         s.manager.initialize = mock.MagicMock()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        assert s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with('123', '0{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        assert s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with("123", '0{"sid":"1"}')
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
-        s._handle_eio_connect('456', 'environ')
+        s._handle_eio_connect("456", "environ")
         assert s.manager.initialize.call_count == 1
 
     def test_handle_connect_rejected(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=False)
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
         s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with(
-            '123', '4{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+            "123", '4{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}'
+        )
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_namespace_rejected(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=False)
-        s.on('connect', handler, namespace='/foo')
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
+        s.on("connect", handler, namespace="/foo")
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
         s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with(
-            '123', '4/foo,{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+            "123", '4/foo,{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}'
+        )
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_rejected_always_connect(self, eio):
         s = server.Server(always_connect=True)
         handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=False)
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        s.eio.send.assert_any_call('123', '0{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        s.eio.send.assert_any_call("123", '0{"sid":"1"}')
         s.eio.send.assert_any_call(
-            '123', '1{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+            "123", '1{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}'
+        )
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_namespace_rejected_always_connect(self, eio):
         s = server.Server(always_connect=True)
         handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=False)
-        s.on('connect', handler, namespace='/foo')
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        s.eio.send.assert_any_call('123', '0/foo,{"sid":"1"}')
+        s.on("connect", handler, namespace="/foo")
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        s.eio.send.assert_any_call("123", '0/foo,{"sid":"1"}')
         s.eio.send.assert_any_call(
-            '123', '1/foo,{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+            "123", '1/foo,{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}'
+        )
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_rejected_with_exception(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         handler = mock.MagicMock(
-            side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError('fail_reason')
+            side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError("fail_reason")
         )
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
-        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with('123', '4{"message":"fail_reason"}')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
+        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with("123", '4{"message":"fail_reason"}')
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_rejected_with_empty_exception(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        handler = mock.MagicMock(
-            side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError()
-        )
-        s.on('connect', handler)
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'environ')
+        handler = mock.MagicMock(side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError())
+        s.on("connect", handler)
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "environ")
         s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with(
-            '123', '4{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+            "123", '4{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}'
+        )
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_namespace_rejected_with_exception(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         handler = mock.MagicMock(
-            side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError('fail_reason', 1)
+            side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError("fail_reason", 1)
         )
-        s.on('connect', handler, namespace='/foo')
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
+        s.on("connect", handler, namespace="/foo")
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
         s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with(
-            '123', '4/foo,{"message":"fail_reason","data":1}'
+            "123", '4/foo,{"message":"fail_reason","data":1}'
         )
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_connect_namespace_rejected_with_empty_exception(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        handler = mock.MagicMock(
-            side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError()
-        )
-        s.on('connect', handler, namespace='/foo')
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
-        assert not s.manager.is_connected('1', '/foo')
+        handler = mock.MagicMock(side_effect=exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError())
+        s.on("connect", handler, namespace="/foo")
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
+        assert not s.manager.is_connected("1", "/foo")
         s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with(
-            '123', '4/foo,{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+            "123", '4/foo,{"message":"Connection rejected by server"}'
+        )
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_disconnect(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         s.manager.disconnect = mock.MagicMock()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('disconnect', handler)
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        s._handle_eio_disconnect('123')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1')
-        s.manager.disconnect.assert_called_once_with('1', '/',
-                                                     ignore_queue=True)
+        s.on("disconnect", handler)
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        s._handle_eio_disconnect("123")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1")
+        s.manager.disconnect.assert_called_once_with("1", "/", ignore_queue=True)
         assert s.environ == {}
 
     def test_handle_disconnect_namespace(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('disconnect', handler)
+        s.on("disconnect", handler)
         handler_namespace = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('disconnect', handler_namespace, namespace='/foo')
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
-        s._handle_eio_disconnect('123')
+        s.on("disconnect", handler_namespace, namespace="/foo")
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
+        s._handle_eio_disconnect("123")
         handler.assert_not_called()
-        handler_namespace.assert_called_once_with('1')
+        handler_namespace.assert_called_once_with("1")
         assert s.environ == {}
 
     def test_handle_disconnect_only_namespace(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('disconnect', handler)
+        s.on("disconnect", handler)
         handler_namespace = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('disconnect', handler_namespace, namespace='/foo')
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '1/foo,')
+        s.on("disconnect", handler_namespace, namespace="/foo")
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "1/foo,")
         assert handler.call_count == 0
-        handler_namespace.assert_called_once_with('1')
-        assert s.environ == {'123': 'environ'}
+        handler_namespace.assert_called_once_with("1")
+        assert s.environ == {"123": "environ"}
 
     def test_handle_disconnect_unknown_client(self, eio):
         mgr = mock.MagicMock()
         s = server.Server(client_manager=mgr)
-        s._handle_eio_disconnect('123')
+        s._handle_eio_disconnect("123")
 
     def test_handle_event(self, eio):
         s = server.Server(async_handlers=False)
-        s.manager.connect('123', '/')
+        s.manager.connect("123", "/")
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
         catchall_handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('msg', handler)
-        s.on('*', catchall_handler)
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '2["msg","a","b"]')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '2["my message","a","b","c"]')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'a', 'b')
-        catchall_handler.assert_called_once_with(
-            'my message', '1', 'a', 'b', 'c')
+        s.on("msg", handler)
+        s.on("*", catchall_handler)
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '2["msg","a","b"]')
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '2["my message","a","b","c"]')
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "a", "b")
+        catchall_handler.assert_called_once_with("my message", "1", "a", "b", "c")
 
     def test_handle_event_with_namespace(self, eio):
         s = server.Server(async_handlers=False)
-        s.manager.connect('123', '/foo')
+        s.manager.connect("123", "/foo")
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
         catchall_handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('msg', handler, namespace='/foo')
-        s.on('*', catchall_handler, namespace='/foo')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '2/foo,["msg","a","b"]')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '2/foo,["my message","a","b","c"]')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'a', 'b')
-        catchall_handler.assert_called_once_with(
-            'my message', '1', 'a', 'b', 'c')
+        s.on("msg", handler, namespace="/foo")
+        s.on("*", catchall_handler, namespace="/foo")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '2/foo,["msg","a","b"]')
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '2/foo,["my message","a","b","c"]')
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "a", "b")
+        catchall_handler.assert_called_once_with("my message", "1", "a", "b", "c")
 
     def test_handle_event_with_disconnected_namespace(self, eio):
         s = server.Server(async_handlers=False)
-        s.manager.connect('123', '/foo')
+        s.manager.connect("123", "/foo")
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('my message', handler, namespace='/bar')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '2/bar,["my message","a","b","c"]')
+        s.on("my message", handler, namespace="/bar")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '2/bar,["my message","a","b","c"]')
         handler.assert_not_called()
 
     def test_handle_event_binary(self, eio):
         s = server.Server(async_handlers=False)
-        s.manager.connect('123', '/')
+        s.manager.connect("123", "/")
         handler = mock.MagicMock()
-        s.on('my message', handler)
+        s.on("my message", handler)
         s._handle_eio_message(
-            '123',
+            "123",
             '52-["my message","a",'
             '{"_placeholder":true,"num":1},'
             '{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}]',
         )
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', b'foo')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', b'bar')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with('1', 'a', b'bar', b'foo')
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", b"foo")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", b"bar")
+        handler.assert_called_once_with("1", "a", b"bar", b"foo")
 
     def test_handle_event_binary_ack(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         s.manager.trigger_callback = mock.MagicMock()
-        sid = s.manager.connect('123', '/')
+        sid = s.manager.connect("123", "/")
         s._handle_eio_message(
-            '123', '61-321["my message","a",' '{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}]'
+            "123", '61-321["my message","a",' '{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}]'
         )
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', b'foo')
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", b"foo")
         s.manager.trigger_callback.assert_called_once_with(
-            sid, 321, ['my message', 'a', b'foo']
+            sid, 321, ["my message", "a", b"foo"]
         )
 
     def test_handle_event_with_ack(self, eio):
         s = server.Server(async_handlers=False)
-        sid = s.manager.connect('123', '/')
-        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value='foo')
-        s.on('my message', handler)
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '21000["my message","foo"]')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, 'foo')
-        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with('123', '31000["foo"]')
+        sid = s.manager.connect("123", "/")
+        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value="foo")
+        s.on("my message", handler)
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '21000["my message","foo"]')
+        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, "foo")
+        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with("123", '31000["foo"]')
 
     def test_handle_unknown_event_with_ack(self, eio):
         s = server.Server(async_handlers=False)
-        s.manager.connect('123', '/')
-        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value='foo')
-        s.on('my message', handler)
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '21000["another message","foo"]')
+        s.manager.connect("123", "/")
+        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value="foo")
+        s.on("my message", handler)
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '21000["another message","foo"]')
         s.eio.send.assert_not_called()
 
     def test_handle_event_with_ack_none(self, eio):
         s = server.Server(async_handlers=False)
-        sid = s.manager.connect('123', '/')
+        sid = s.manager.connect("123", "/")
         handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=None)
-        s.on('my message', handler)
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '21000["my message","foo"]')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, 'foo')
-        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with('123', '31000[]')
+        s.on("my message", handler)
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '21000["my message","foo"]')
+        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, "foo")
+        s.eio.send.assert_called_once_with("123", "31000[]")
 
     def test_handle_event_with_ack_tuple(self, eio):
         s = server.Server(async_handlers=False)
-        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=(1, '2', True))
-        s.on('my message', handler)
-        sid = s.manager.connect('123', '/')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '21000["my message","a","b","c"]')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, 'a', 'b', 'c')
-        s.eio.send.assert_called_with(
-            '123', '31000[1,"2",true]'
-        )
+        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=(1, "2", True))
+        s.on("my message", handler)
+        sid = s.manager.connect("123", "/")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '21000["my message","a","b","c"]')
+        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, "a", "b", "c")
+        s.eio.send.assert_called_with("123", '31000[1,"2",true]')
 
     def test_handle_event_with_ack_list(self, eio):
         s = server.Server(async_handlers=False)
-        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=[1, '2', True])
-        s.on('my message', handler)
-        sid = s.manager.connect('123', '/')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '21000["my message","a","b","c"]')
-        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, 'a', 'b', 'c')
-        s.eio.send.assert_called_with(
-            '123', '31000[[1,"2",true]]'
-        )
+        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=[1, "2", True])
+        s.on("my message", handler)
+        sid = s.manager.connect("123", "/")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '21000["my message","a","b","c"]')
+        handler.assert_called_once_with(sid, "a", "b", "c")
+        s.eio.send.assert_called_with("123", '31000[[1,"2",true]]')
 
     def test_handle_event_with_ack_binary(self, eio):
         s = server.Server(async_handlers=False)
-        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=b'foo')
-        s.on('my message', handler)
-        sid = s.manager.connect('123', '/')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '21000["my message","foo"]')
-        handler.assert_any_call(sid, 'foo')
+        handler = mock.MagicMock(return_value=b"foo")
+        s.on("my message", handler)
+        sid = s.manager.connect("123", "/")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '21000["my message","foo"]')
+        handler.assert_any_call(sid, "foo")
 
     def test_handle_error_packet(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            s._handle_eio_message('123', '4')
+            s._handle_eio_message("123", "4")
 
     def test_handle_invalid_packet(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            s._handle_eio_message('123', '9')
+            s._handle_eio_message("123", "9")
 
     def test_send_with_ack(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        s.handlers['/'] = {}
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
+        s.handlers["/"] = {}
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
         cb = mock.MagicMock()
-        id1 = s.manager._generate_ack_id('1', cb)
-        id2 = s.manager._generate_ack_id('1', cb)
-        s._send_packet('123', packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, ['my event', 'foo'], id=id1))
-        s._send_packet('123', packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, ['my event', 'bar'], id=id2))
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '31["foo",2]')
-        cb.assert_called_once_with('foo', 2)
+        id1 = s.manager._generate_ack_id("1", cb)
+        id2 = s.manager._generate_ack_id("1", cb)
+        s._send_packet("123", packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, ["my event", "foo"], id=id1))
+        s._send_packet("123", packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, ["my event", "bar"], id=id2))
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '31["foo",2]')
+        cb.assert_called_once_with("foo", 2)
 
     def test_send_with_ack_namespace(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        s.handlers['/foo'] = {}
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
+        s.handlers["/foo"] = {}
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
         cb = mock.MagicMock()
-        id = s.manager._generate_ack_id('1', cb)
-        s._send_packet('123', packet.Packet(
-            packet.EVENT, ['my event', 'foo'], namespace='/foo', id=id))
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '3/foo,1["foo",2]')
-        cb.assert_called_once_with('foo', 2)
+        id = s.manager._generate_ack_id("1", cb)
+        s._send_packet(
+            "123",
+            packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, ["my event", "foo"], namespace="/foo", id=id),
+        )
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '3/foo,1["foo",2]')
+        cb.assert_called_once_with("foo", 2)
 
     def test_session(self, eio):
         fake_session = {}
 
         def fake_get_session(eio_sid):
-            assert eio_sid == '123'
+            assert eio_sid == "123"
             return fake_session
 
         def fake_save_session(eio_sid, session):
             global fake_session
-            assert eio_sid == '123'
+            assert eio_sid == "123"
             fake_session = session
 
         s = server.Server()
-        s.handlers['/'] = {}
-        s.handlers['/ns'] = {}
+        s.handlers["/"] = {}
+        s.handlers["/ns"] = {}
         s.eio.get_session = fake_get_session
         s.eio.save_session = fake_save_session
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/ns')
-        sid = s.manager.sid_from_eio_sid('123', '/')
-        sid2 = s.manager.sid_from_eio_sid('123', '/ns')
-        s.save_session(sid, {'foo': 'bar'})
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/ns")
+        sid = s.manager.sid_from_eio_sid("123", "/")
+        sid2 = s.manager.sid_from_eio_sid("123", "/ns")
+        s.save_session(sid, {"foo": "bar"})
         with s.session(sid) as session:
-            assert session == {'foo': 'bar'}
-            session['foo'] = 'baz'
-            session['bar'] = 'foo'
-        assert s.get_session(sid) == {'foo': 'baz', 'bar': 'foo'}
-        assert fake_session == {'/': {'foo': 'baz', 'bar': 'foo'}}
-        with s.session(sid2, namespace='/ns') as session:
+            assert session == {"foo": "bar"}
+            session["foo"] = "baz"
+            session["bar"] = "foo"
+        assert s.get_session(sid) == {"foo": "baz", "bar": "foo"}
+        assert fake_session == {"/": {"foo": "baz", "bar": "foo"}}
+        with s.session(sid2, namespace="/ns") as session:
             assert session == {}
-            session['a'] = 'b'
-        assert s.get_session(sid2, namespace='/ns') == {'a': 'b'}
+            session["a"] = "b"
+        assert s.get_session(sid2, namespace="/ns") == {"a": "b"}
         assert fake_session == {
-            '/': {'foo': 'baz', 'bar': 'foo'},
-            '/ns': {'a': 'b'},
+            "/": {"foo": "baz", "bar": "foo"},
+            "/ns": {"a": "b"},
         }
 
     def test_disconnect(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        s.handlers['/'] = {}
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        s.disconnect('1')
-        s.eio.send.assert_any_call('123', '1')
+        s.handlers["/"] = {}
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        s.disconnect("1")
+        s.eio.send.assert_any_call("123", "1")
 
     def test_disconnect_ignore_queue(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        s.handlers['/'] = {}
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        s.disconnect('1', ignore_queue=True)
-        s.eio.send.assert_any_call('123', '1')
+        s.handlers["/"] = {}
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        s.disconnect("1", ignore_queue=True)
+        s.eio.send.assert_any_call("123", "1")
 
     def test_disconnect_namespace(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        s.handlers['/foo'] = {}
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
-        s.disconnect('1', namespace='/foo')
-        s.eio.send.assert_any_call('123', '1/foo,')
+        s.handlers["/foo"] = {}
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
+        s.disconnect("1", namespace="/foo")
+        s.eio.send.assert_any_call("123", "1/foo,")
 
     def test_disconnect_twice(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        s.disconnect('1')
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        s.disconnect("1")
         calls = s.eio.send.call_count
-        s.disconnect('1')
+        s.disconnect("1")
         assert calls == s.eio.send.call_count
 
     def test_disconnect_twice_namespace(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
-        s.disconnect('123', namespace='/foo')
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
+        s.disconnect("123", namespace="/foo")
         calls = s.eio.send.call_count
-        s.disconnect('123', namespace='/foo')
+        s.disconnect("123", namespace="/foo")
         assert calls == s.eio.send.call_count
 
     def test_namespace_handler(self, eio):
@@ -787,33 +778,33 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
 
         class MyNamespace(namespace.Namespace):
             def on_connect(self, sid, environ):
-                result['result'] = (sid, environ)
+                result["result"] = (sid, environ)
 
             def on_disconnect(self, sid):
-                result['result'] = ('disconnect', sid)
+                result["result"] = ("disconnect", sid)
 
             def on_foo(self, sid, data):
-                result['result'] = (sid, data)
+                result["result"] = (sid, data)
 
             def on_bar(self, sid):
-                result['result'] = 'bar'
+                result["result"] = "bar"
 
             def on_baz(self, sid, data1, data2):
-                result['result'] = (data1, data2)
+                result["result"] = (data1, data2)
 
         s = server.Server(async_handlers=False)
-        s.register_namespace(MyNamespace('/foo'))
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0/foo,')
-        assert result['result'] == ('1', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '2/foo,["foo","a"]')
-        assert result['result'] == ('1', 'a')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '2/foo,["bar"]')
-        assert result['result'] == 'bar'
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '2/foo,["baz","a","b"]')
-        assert result['result'] == ('a', 'b')
-        s.disconnect('1', '/foo')
-        assert result['result'] == ('disconnect', '1')
+        s.register_namespace(MyNamespace("/foo"))
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0/foo,")
+        assert result["result"] == ("1", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '2/foo,["foo","a"]')
+        assert result["result"] == ("1", "a")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '2/foo,["bar"]')
+        assert result["result"] == "bar"
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '2/foo,["baz","a","b"]')
+        assert result["result"] == ("a", "b")
+        s.disconnect("1", "/foo")
+        assert result["result"] == ("disconnect", "1")
 
     def test_bad_namespace_handler(self, eio):
         class Dummy(object):
@@ -837,12 +828,12 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_get_environ(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        s.handlers['/'] = {}
-        s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
-        sid = s.manager.sid_from_eio_sid('123', '/')
-        assert s.get_environ(sid) == 'environ'
-        assert s.get_environ('foo') is None
+        s.handlers["/"] = {}
+        s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
+        sid = s.manager.sid_from_eio_sid("123", "/")
+        assert s.get_environ(sid) == "environ"
+        assert s.get_environ("foo") is None
 
     def test_logger(self, eio):
         s = server.Server(logger=False)
@@ -854,17 +845,15 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
         s = server.Server(logger=True)
         assert s.logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.WARNING
         s.logger.setLevel(logging.NOTSET)
-        s = server.Server(logger='foo')
-        assert s.logger == 'foo'
+        s = server.Server(logger="foo")
+        assert s.logger == "foo"
 
     def test_engineio_logger(self, eio):
-        server.Server(engineio_logger='foo')
-        eio.assert_called_once_with(
-            **{'logger': 'foo', 'async_handlers': False}
-        )
+        server.Server(engineio_logger="foo")
+        eio.assert_called_once_with(**{"logger": "foo", "async_handlers": False})
 
     def test_msgpack(self, eio):
-        s = server.Server(serializer='msgpack')
+        s = server.Server(serializer="msgpack")
         assert s.packet_class == msgpack_packet.MsgPackPacket
 
     def test_custom_serializer(self, eio):
@@ -881,39 +870,37 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
         class CustomJSON(object):
             @staticmethod
             def dumps(*args, **kwargs):
-                return '*** encoded ***'
+                return "*** encoded ***"
 
             @staticmethod
             def loads(*args, **kwargs):
-                return '+++ decoded +++'
+                return "+++ decoded +++"
 
         server.Server(json=CustomJSON)
-        eio.assert_called_once_with(
-            **{'json': CustomJSON, 'async_handlers': False}
-        )
+        eio.assert_called_once_with(**{"json": CustomJSON, "async_handlers": False})
 
         pkt = packet.Packet(
             packet_type=packet.EVENT,
-            data={'foo': 'bar'},
+            data={"foo": "bar"},
         )
-        assert pkt.encode() == '2*** encoded ***'
+        assert pkt.encode() == "2*** encoded ***"
         pkt2 = packet.Packet(encoded_packet=pkt.encode())
-        assert pkt2.data == '+++ decoded +++'
+        assert pkt2.data == "+++ decoded +++"
 
         # restore the default JSON module
         packet.Packet.json = json
 
     def test_async_handlers(self, eio):
         s = server.Server(async_handlers=True)
-        sid = s.manager.connect('123', '/')
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '2["my message","a","b","c"]')
+        sid = s.manager.connect("123", "/")
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '2["my message","a","b","c"]')
         s.eio.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with(
             s._handle_event_internal,
             s,
             sid,
-            '123',
-            ['my message', 'a', 'b', 'c'],
-            '/',
+            "123",
+            ["my message", "a", "b", "c"],
+            "/",
             None,
         )
 
@@ -924,10 +911,8 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_start_background_task(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
-        s.start_background_task('foo', 'bar', baz='baz')
-        s.eio.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with(
-            'foo', 'bar', baz='baz'
-        )
+        s.start_background_task("foo", "bar", baz="baz")
+        s.eio.start_background_task.assert_called_once_with("foo", "bar", baz="baz")
 
     def test_sleep(self, eio):
         s = server.Server()
diff --git a/tests/common/test_simple_client.py b/tests/common/test_simple_client.py
index 3b9f983..8e80a49 100644
--- a/tests/common/test_simple_client.py
+++ b/tests/common/test_simple_client.py
@@ -7,79 +7,103 @@ from socketio.exceptions import SocketIOError, TimeoutError, DisconnectedError
 
 class TestSimpleClient(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_constructor(self):
-        client = SimpleClient(1, '2', a='3', b=4)
-        assert client.client_args == (1, '2')
-        assert client.client_kwargs == {'a': '3', 'b': 4}
+        client = SimpleClient(1, "2", a="3", b=4)
+        assert client.client_args == (1, "2")
+        assert client.client_kwargs == {"a": "3", "b": 4}
         assert client.client is None
         assert client.input_buffer == []
         assert not client.connected
 
     def test_connect(self):
-        client = SimpleClient(123, a='b')
-        with mock.patch('socketio.simple_client.Client') as mock_client:
-            client.connect('url', headers='h', auth='a', transports='t',
-                           namespace='n', socketio_path='s', wait_timeout='w')
-            mock_client.assert_called_once_with(123, a='b')
+        client = SimpleClient(123, a="b")
+        with mock.patch("socketio.simple_client.Client") as mock_client:
+            client.connect(
+                "url",
+                headers="h",
+                auth="a",
+                transports="t",
+                namespace="n",
+                socketio_path="s",
+                wait_timeout="w",
+            )
+            mock_client.assert_called_once_with(123, a="b")
             assert client.client == mock_client()
             mock_client().connect.assert_called_once_with(
-                'url', headers='h', auth='a', transports='t',
-                namespaces=['n'], socketio_path='s', wait_timeout='w')
+                "url",
+                headers="h",
+                auth="a",
+                transports="t",
+                namespaces=["n"],
+                socketio_path="s",
+                wait_timeout="w",
+            )
             mock_client().event.call_count == 3
-            mock_client().on.assert_called_once_with('*', namespace='n')
-            assert client.namespace == 'n'
+            mock_client().on.assert_called_once_with("*", namespace="n")
+            assert client.namespace == "n"
             assert not client.input_event.is_set()
 
     def test_connect_context_manager(self):
-        with SimpleClient(123, a='b') as client:
-            with mock.patch('socketio.simple_client.Client') as mock_client:
-                client.connect('url', headers='h', auth='a', transports='t',
-                               namespace='n', socketio_path='s',
-                               wait_timeout='w')
-                mock_client.assert_called_once_with(123, a='b')
+        with SimpleClient(123, a="b") as client:
+            with mock.patch("socketio.simple_client.Client") as mock_client:
+                client.connect(
+                    "url",
+                    headers="h",
+                    auth="a",
+                    transports="t",
+                    namespace="n",
+                    socketio_path="s",
+                    wait_timeout="w",
+                )
+                mock_client.assert_called_once_with(123, a="b")
                 assert client.client == mock_client()
                 mock_client().connect.assert_called_once_with(
-                    'url', headers='h', auth='a', transports='t',
-                    namespaces=['n'], socketio_path='s', wait_timeout='w')
+                    "url",
+                    headers="h",
+                    auth="a",
+                    transports="t",
+                    namespaces=["n"],
+                    socketio_path="s",
+                    wait_timeout="w",
+                )
                 mock_client().event.call_count == 3
-                mock_client().on.assert_called_once_with('*', namespace='n')
-                assert client.namespace == 'n'
+                mock_client().on.assert_called_once_with("*", namespace="n")
+                assert client.namespace == "n"
                 assert not client.input_event.is_set()
 
     def test_connect_twice(self):
-        client = SimpleClient(123, a='b')
+        client = SimpleClient(123, a="b")
         client.client = mock.MagicMock()
         client.connected = True
 
         with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
-            client.connect('url')
+            client.connect("url")
 
     def test_properties(self):
         client = SimpleClient()
-        client.client = mock.MagicMock(transport='websocket')
-        client.client.get_sid.return_value = 'sid'
+        client.client = mock.MagicMock(transport="websocket")
+        client.client.get_sid.return_value = "sid"
         client.connected_event.set()
         client.connected = True
 
-        assert client.sid == 'sid'
-        assert client.transport == 'websocket'
+        assert client.sid == "sid"
+        assert client.transport == "websocket"
 
     def test_emit(self):
         client = SimpleClient()
         client.client = mock.MagicMock()
-        client.namespace = '/ns'
+        client.namespace = "/ns"
         client.connected_event.set()
         client.connected = True
 
-        client.emit('foo', 'bar')
-        client.client.emit.assert_called_once_with('foo', 'bar',
-                                                   namespace='/ns')
+        client.emit("foo", "bar")
+        client.client.emit.assert_called_once_with("foo", "bar", namespace="/ns")
 
     def test_emit_disconnected(self):
         client = SimpleClient()
         client.connected_event.set()
         client.connected = False
         with pytest.raises(DisconnectedError):
-            client.emit('foo', 'bar')
+            client.emit("foo", "bar")
 
     def test_emit_retries(self):
         client = SimpleClient()
@@ -88,44 +112,44 @@ class TestSimpleClient(unittest.TestCase):
         client.client = mock.MagicMock()
         client.client.emit.side_effect = [SocketIOError(), None]
 
-        client.emit('foo', 'bar')
-        client.client.emit.assert_called_with('foo', 'bar', namespace='/')
+        client.emit("foo", "bar")
+        client.client.emit.assert_called_with("foo", "bar", namespace="/")
 
     def test_call(self):
         client = SimpleClient()
         client.client = mock.MagicMock()
-        client.client.call.return_value = 'result'
-        client.namespace = '/ns'
+        client.client.call.return_value = "result"
+        client.namespace = "/ns"
         client.connected_event.set()
         client.connected = True
 
-        assert client.call('foo', 'bar') == 'result'
-        client.client.call.assert_called_once_with('foo', 'bar',
-                                                   namespace='/ns', timeout=60)
+        assert client.call("foo", "bar") == "result"
+        client.client.call.assert_called_once_with(
+            "foo", "bar", namespace="/ns", timeout=60
+        )
 
     def test_call_disconnected(self):
         client = SimpleClient()
         client.connected_event.set()
         client.connected = False
         with pytest.raises(DisconnectedError):
-            client.call('foo', 'bar')
+            client.call("foo", "bar")
 
     def test_call_retries(self):
         client = SimpleClient()
         client.connected_event.set()
         client.connected = True
         client.client = mock.MagicMock()
-        client.client.call.side_effect = [SocketIOError(), 'result']
+        client.client.call.side_effect = [SocketIOError(), "result"]
 
-        assert client.call('foo', 'bar') == 'result'
-        client.client.call.assert_called_with('foo', 'bar', namespace='/',
-                                              timeout=60)
+        assert client.call("foo", "bar") == "result"
+        client.client.call.assert_called_with("foo", "bar", namespace="/", timeout=60)
 
     def test_receive_with_input_buffer(self):
         client = SimpleClient()
-        client.input_buffer = ['foo', 'bar']
-        assert client.receive() == 'foo'
-        assert client.receive() == 'bar'
+        client.input_buffer = ["foo", "bar"]
+        assert client.receive() == "foo"
+        assert client.receive() == "bar"
 
     def test_receive_without_input_buffer(self):
         client = SimpleClient()
@@ -134,11 +158,11 @@ class TestSimpleClient(unittest.TestCase):
         client.input_event = mock.MagicMock()
 
         def fake_wait(timeout=None):
-            client.input_buffer = ['foo']
+            client.input_buffer = ["foo"]
             return True
 
         client.input_event.wait = fake_wait
-        assert client.receive() == 'foo'
+        assert client.receive() == "foo"
 
     def test_receive_with_timeout(self):
         client = SimpleClient()
diff --git a/tests/performance/binary_packet.py b/tests/performance/binary_packet.py
index b9084ee..07432d9 100644
--- a/tests/performance/binary_packet.py
+++ b/tests/performance/binary_packet.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from socketio import packet
 
 
 def test():
-    p = packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, {'foo': b'bar'})
+    p = packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, {"foo": b"bar"})
     start = time.time()
     count = 0
     while True:
@@ -17,6 +17,6 @@ def test():
     return count
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     count = test()
-    print('binary_packet:', count, 'packets processed.')
+    print("binary_packet:", count, "packets processed.")
diff --git a/tests/performance/json_packet.py b/tests/performance/json_packet.py
index 6861a5c..3437687 100644
--- a/tests/performance/json_packet.py
+++ b/tests/performance/json_packet.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from socketio import packet
 
 
 def test():
-    p = packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, {'foo': 'bar'})
+    p = packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, {"foo": "bar"})
     start = time.time()
     count = 0
     while True:
@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ def test():
     return count
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     count = test()
-    print('json_packet:', count, 'packets processed.')
+    print("json_packet:", count, "packets processed.")
diff --git a/tests/performance/namespace_packet.py b/tests/performance/namespace_packet.py
index 4d560a7..2013325 100644
--- a/tests/performance/namespace_packet.py
+++ b/tests/performance/namespace_packet.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from socketio import packet
 
 
 def test():
-    p = packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, 'hello', namespace='/foo')
+    p = packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, "hello", namespace="/foo")
     start = time.time()
     count = 0
     while True:
@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ def test():
     return count
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     count = test()
-    print('namespace_packet:', count, 'packets processed.')
+    print("namespace_packet:", count, "packets processed.")
diff --git a/tests/performance/server_receive.py b/tests/performance/server_receive.py
index 77f6161..a52d32b 100644
--- a/tests/performance/server_receive.py
+++ b/tests/performance/server_receive.py
@@ -6,16 +6,16 @@ def test():
     s = socketio.Server(async_handlers=False)
     start = time.time()
     count = 0
-    s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-    s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
+    s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+    s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
     while True:
-        s._handle_eio_message('123', '2["test","hello"]')
+        s._handle_eio_message("123", '2["test","hello"]')
         count += 1
         if time.time() - start >= 5:
             break
     return count
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     count = test()
-    print('server_receive:', count, 'packets received.')
+    print("server_receive:", count, "packets received.")
diff --git a/tests/performance/server_send.py b/tests/performance/server_send.py
index b6b2d70..4b01c48 100644
--- a/tests/performance/server_send.py
+++ b/tests/performance/server_send.py
@@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ def test():
     s = Server()
     start = time.time()
     count = 0
-    s._handle_eio_connect('123', 'environ')
-    s._handle_eio_message('123', '0')
+    s._handle_eio_connect("123", "environ")
+    s._handle_eio_message("123", "0")
     while True:
-        s.emit('test', 'hello')
+        s.emit("test", "hello")
         count += 1
         if time.time() - start >= 5:
             break
     return count
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     count = test()
-    print('server_send:', count, 'packets received.')
+    print("server_send:", count, "packets received.")
diff --git a/tests/performance/server_send_broadcast.py b/tests/performance/server_send_broadcast.py
index ce99d0a..b9f4e44 100644
--- a/tests/performance/server_send_broadcast.py
+++ b/tests/performance/server_send_broadcast.py
@@ -15,16 +15,16 @@ def test():
     start = time.time()
     count = 0
     for i in range(100):
-        s._handle_eio_connect(str(i), 'environ')
-        s._handle_eio_message(str(i), '0')
+        s._handle_eio_connect(str(i), "environ")
+        s._handle_eio_message(str(i), "0")
     while True:
-        s.emit('test', 'hello')
+        s.emit("test", "hello")
         count += 1
         if time.time() - start >= 5:
             break
     return count
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     count = test()
-    print('server_send:', count, 'packets received.')
+    print("server_send:", count, "packets received.")
diff --git a/tests/performance/text_packet.py b/tests/performance/text_packet.py
index a28dfd1..051b245 100644
--- a/tests/performance/text_packet.py
+++ b/tests/performance/text_packet.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from socketio import packet
 
 
 def test():
-    p = packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, 'hello')
+    p = packet.Packet(packet.EVENT, "hello")
     start = time.time()
     count = 0
     while True:
@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ def test():
     return count
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     count = test()
-    print('text_packet:', count, 'packets processed.')
+    print("text_packet:", count, "packets processed.")
diff --git a/tests/web_server.py b/tests/web_server.py
index cb24668..cae7b8b 100644
--- a/tests/web_server.py
+++ b/tests/web_server.py
@@ -15,13 +15,14 @@ class SocketIOWebServer:
     Note 2: This class only supports the "threading" async_mode, with WebSocket
     support provided by the simple-websocket package.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, sio):
-        if sio.async_mode != 'threading':
+        if sio.async_mode != "threading":
             raise ValueError('The async_mode must be "threading"')
 
         def http_app(environ, start_response):
-            start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
-            return [b'OK']
+            start_response("200 OK", [("Content-Type", "text/plain")])
+            return [b"OK"]
 
         self.sio = sio
         self.app = socketio.WSGIApp(sio, http_app)
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ class SocketIOWebServer:
 
         The server is started in a background thread.
         """
+
         class ThreadingWSGIServer(ThreadingMixIn, WSGIServer):
             pass
 
@@ -44,20 +46,21 @@ class SocketIOWebServer:
 
                 # pass the raw socket to the WSGI app so that it can be used
                 # by WebSocket connections (hack copied from gunicorn)
-                env['gunicorn.socket'] = self.connection
+                env["gunicorn.socket"] = self.connection
                 return env
 
-        self.httpd = make_server('', port, self._app_wrapper,
-                                 ThreadingWSGIServer, WebSocketRequestHandler)
+        self.httpd = make_server(
+            "", port, self._app_wrapper, ThreadingWSGIServer, WebSocketRequestHandler
+        )
         self.thread = threading.Thread(target=self.httpd.serve_forever)
         self.thread.start()
 
         # wait for the server to start
         while True:
             try:
-                r = requests.get(f'http://localhost:{port}/')
+                r = requests.get(f"http://localhost:{port}/")
                 r.raise_for_status()
-                if r.text == 'OK':
+                if r.text == "OK":
                     break
             except:
                 time.sleep(0.1)
@@ -77,5 +80,5 @@ class SocketIOWebServer:
         except StopIteration:
             # end the WebSocket request without sending a response
             # (this is a hack that was copied from gunicorn's threaded worker)
-            start_response('200 OK', [])
+            start_response("200 OK", [])
             return []